CN115901280B - Engine knock detection method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Engine knock detection method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses an engine knock detection method, an engine knock detection device, engine knock detection equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor; sampling the filtered analog signals to obtain knocking digital signals; performing second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knocking digital signals through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals; a knock energy value of the engine is calculated based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and knock detection is performed on the engine based on the knock energy value. According to the embodiment of the application, the engine knocking signal is filtered through a plurality of frequency segments, so that the diversity of engine detection frequency is realized, and the accuracy of engine knocking detection is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of engine technology, and in particular, to an engine knock detection method and apparatus, an electronic device, a computer readable storage medium, and a computer program product.
Background
Knocking is abnormal combustion information of an engine, and the engine can aggravate abnormal combustion such as surface ignition when knocking, so that the engine works coarsely, power is reduced, fuel economy is poor, and parts such as a piston, a cylinder sleeve, a connecting rod and the like can be damaged if the engine is in a knocking state for a long time. The signals of the engine knock measurement are generally derived from pressure oscillations generated when the engine knocks itself, but the engines are of different sizes and the corresponding frequencies are of different sizes. The existing engine knocking saves cost due to the fact that an integrated knocking processing chip is omitted, however, the detection frequency is single, the detection precision is improved compared with that of analog knocking, but the adaptability and the acquisition precision can not meet the requirements, and if some engine types are poor in signal-to-noise ratio of a knocking sensor due to sensor arrangement and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present application provide an engine knock detection method and apparatus, an electronic device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an engine knock detection method including: performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor;
Sampling the filtered analog signals to obtain knocking digital signals;
performing second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knocking digital signals through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals;
a knock energy value of the engine is calculated based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and knock detection is performed on the engine based on the knock energy value.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, before sampling the filtered knock signal to obtain the knock digital signal, the method further includes:
performing Fourier transformation on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor to obtain the knock characteristic frequency of the engine;
acquiring a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal;
And calculating the sampling frequency of the filtered analog signal based on the knocking characteristic frequency, a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the performing a first anti-aliasing filtering process on the analog signal acquired by the knock sensor includes:
and performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals based on the sampling frequency so as to filter out analog signals higher than one half of the sampling frequency in the analog signals.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, in sampling the filtered analog signal to obtain a knock digital signal, the method includes:
performing analog-to-digital conversion processing on the filtered analog signals to obtain filtered digital signals;
and carrying out sampling processing on the filtered signal according to the sampling frequency to obtain the knocking digital signal.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the performing, by using a plurality of different frequency segments, second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knock digital signal to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals includes:
And inputting the knocking digital signal into a second anti-aliasing filter, and filtering the knocking digital signal through the second anti-aliasing filter according to a plurality of different frequency segments to separate and obtain a plurality of filtered knocking digital signals conforming to the characteristic frequency segments of the engine.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the calculating knock energy value of the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals includes:
Calculating knock characteristic values corresponding to the plurality of filtered knock digital signals respectively;
Weighting operation is carried out on the knock characteristic values to obtain knock original energy values corresponding to the knock digital signals;
and calculating the knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock original energy value.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the calculating the knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock raw energy value includes:
performing median filtering processing on the detonation original energy value to obtain a detonation noise value corresponding to the engine;
and calculating a knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock noise value and the knock original energy value.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an engine knock detection device including: the first filtering module is used for performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor;
the sampling module is used for sampling the filtered analog signals to obtain knocking digital signals;
The second filtering module is used for carrying out second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knocking digital signals through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals;
And the calculating module is used for calculating the knock energy value of the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals and carrying out knock detection on the engine based on the knock energy value.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electronic apparatus including: one or more processors; and a storage means for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the engine knock detection method as described above.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a computer, cause the computer to perform the engine knock detection method as described above.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the engine knock detection method as described above.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor are subjected to first anti-aliasing filtering processing, the filtered analog signals are sampled to obtain the knock digital signals, so that the reconstructed signals are more real, the knock digital signals are subjected to second anti-aliasing filtering processing through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals, the energy value of the engine is calculated based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals, the knock detection is performed on the engine based on the obtained energy value, and the engine knock signals are filtered through a plurality of frequency segments, so that the diversity of the engine detection frequency is realized, and the accuracy of the engine knock detection is effectively improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation environment for engine knock detection according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an engine knock detection method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an engine knock detection method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing the implementation of step S220 in FIG. 2 in an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an IIR filter structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is an anti-aliasing filter AAF frequency response shown in an exemplary embodiment of the application;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the implementation of step S240 in FIG. 2 in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a functional schematic of a knock energy value calculation module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a frequency-amplitude transformation of knock signals shown in an exemplary embodiment of the application;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the implementation of step S730 of FIG. 7 in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic flow diagram of engine knock detection in an exemplary application scenario;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an engine knock detection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the application as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The block diagrams depicted in the figures are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. That is, the functional entities may be implemented in software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
The flow diagrams depicted in the figures are exemplary only, and do not necessarily include all of the elements and operations/steps, nor must they be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps may be decomposed, and some operations/steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the order of actual execution may be changed according to actual situations.
In the present application, the term "plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes an association relationship of an association object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.
First, knocking is an abnormal combustion phenomenon of an engine. When the engine is in a normal combustion state and the engine receives an ignition signal of the controller, the engine ignites combustible gas in the cylinder, flame can spread around by taking an ignition point as a combustion center, power is generated, and the cylinder can circularly work to output energy. However, when the carbon deposit in the cylinder is excessive or the ignition angle is too advanced, the local temperature of the cylinder is too high due to the pressure and temperature after ignition, and the spontaneous combustion of the surrounding gas is generated. In this case, a plurality of combustion centers are generated, the flames meet in the propagation process to generate strong collision, and the shock waves are repeatedly ejected in the cylinder to make the cylinder generate metal knocking sound and the working efficiency is reduced, namely, knocking phenomenon is generated, and even the cylinder is damaged when knocking is serious.
Knock detection is to quickly and accurately distinguish knock from normal noise of the engine, and is usually done with a special chip, called simulated knock.
By utilizing the powerful digital signal processing capability of the microprocessor core, the MCU can complete accurate knock detection while controlling the engine, thereby reducing the system cost and improving the reliability, namely digital knock.
The simulated knocking has the characteristics of high manufacturing cost and single sampling and filtering objects, and is difficult to meet the increasing oil consumption and emission requirements of the current engine. The cost is saved due to the fact that an integrated knocking processing chip is omitted in digital knocking of the current application, the detection frequency is single, the detection precision is improved compared with that of analog knocking, the adaptability and the acquisition precision can not meet the requirements, and for example, the signal-to-noise ratio of a knocking sensor is poor due to the fact that some models are arranged by sensors.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation environment for engine knock detection during engine operation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, a vehicle terminal collects a knock analog signal generated when an engine runs from a knock sensor 110 in a running process of a vehicle engine, and sends the knock analog signal to a server 120, the server 120 sends the received knock analog signal to a first anti-aliasing filter module to obtain a filtered analog signal at the first anti-aliasing filter module, the filtered analog signal is sampled by the first anti-aliasing module, and an analog-to-digital signal is converted to obtain a knock digital signal corresponding to the engine, and the knock digital signal is sent to a second anti-aliasing module to perform second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knock digital signal through a plurality of different frequency segments based on the second anti-aliasing module to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and finally, a knock energy value corresponding to the engine is calculated according to the obtained plurality of filtered knock digital signals, so as to perform knock detection on the engine based on the knock energy value of the engine.
The service end 120 shown in fig. 1 is a knock detection server, for example, may be an independent physical server, may be a server cluster or a distributed system formed by a plurality of physical servers, and may be a cloud server that provides cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network ), and basic cloud computing services such as big data and an artificial intelligence platform, which are not limited herein. Knock sensor 110 may communicate with navigation server 220 via a wireless network such as 3G (third generation mobile information technology), 4G (fourth generation mobile information technology), 5G (fifth generation mobile information technology), and the like, although this is not a limitation.
The problems noted above have general applicability in general scenarios. In knock detection of an engine, various problems such as single detection frequency and high signal-to-noise ratio of detection results can be seen. To solve these problems, embodiments of the present application respectively propose an engine knock detection method, an engine knock detection device, an electronic apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product, which will be described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an engine knock detection method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method may be applied to the implementation environment shown in fig. 1 and executed by the server 120 in the implementation environment, and it should be understood that the method may also be applied to other exemplary implementation environments and executed by devices in other implementation environments, and the implementation environment to which the method is applied is not limited by the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, in an exemplary embodiment, the engine knock detection method at least includes steps S210 to S240, which are described in detail below:
Step S210, performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor.
It should be noted that, according to the nyquist sampling theorem: to recover the original signal from the sampled signal without distortion, the sampling frequency should be greater than 2 times the highest frequency of the signal. When the sampling frequency is less than 2 times of the highest frequency of the frequency spectrum, the frequency spectrum of the signal is aliased. Half of the sampling frequency is generally referred to as the nyquist frequency, and only signals with highest frequencies below the nyquist frequency can be completely sampled. Therefore, when there is a high frequency signal with a frequency higher than the nyquist frequency, a low frequency noise signal with a frequency lower than the nyquist frequency is generated after sampling. Whereas conventional designs are based on the highest frequency of the desired signal, the sampling rate is determined. So that the desired signal, after sampling, will certainly fall below the nyquist frequency. However, the aliasing is generated between the low-frequency signal generated by sampling the high-frequency noise (higher than the nyquist frequency) signal and the signal which is originally wanted to be sampled, so that the signal with the highest frequency higher than the nyquist frequency needs to be filtered by a filter before sampling, and the anti-aliasing filter is a low-pass filter in nature.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the knock sensor obtains two paths of differential analog signals that differentiate between positive and negative according to vibration of the engine, and performs first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the differential analog signals, so as to integrate the circuit offset processing into one path of knock analog signals that do not differentiate between positive and negative through the first aliasing filtering processing.
By way of example, the knock sensor collects two paths of differential analog signals which are differentiated into positive and negative and are obtained by vibration when the engine runs, and the knock signal is easy to be interfered by the outside in collection and transmission due to smaller amplitude, such as irregular vibration of a cylinder, signal coupling between wire harnesses in the transmission process, signal coupling on a hardware circuit, electromagnetic interference and the like, so that waveforms of the knock signal are changed in the transmission process. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is more preferable to acquire the knock signal in the form of a differential signal. After the differential signal is collected, coupling interference from the wire harness is counteracted in the transmission process of the knocking signal, and electromagnetic interference and coupling interference from the hardware circuit are counteracted in the transmission process of the knocking signal. Thus, while acquisition with a form of differential signal does not completely eliminate interference, the trend is reduced. And performing a first process on the collected Analog signal, wherein an off-chip Analog anti-aliasing filter (Analog ANTIALIASING FILTER) may be used, that is, an off-chip AAF filter performs a first anti-aliasing filter process on the Analog signal collected by the knock sensor.
And step S220, sampling the filtered analog signals to obtain knocking digital signals.
Specifically, the analog signals after the first anti-aliasing filtering treatment are integrated into one analog signal without distinguishing positive and negative, analog signals are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, analog-to-digital value sample series acquired at the timing of the engine position are combined in a set knock detection window, and analog signals after analog-to-digital conversion are sampled, so that a knock digital signal corresponding to the engine is obtained.
Step S230, performing second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knocking digital signals through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals.
Specifically, the knock digital signal after the first anti-aliasing filtering process and the sampling is subjected to the second anti-aliasing filtering process. In the second anti-aliasing filtering, a plurality of filtered knock digital signals are obtained by filtering the knock digital signal according to a plurality of different frequency bins.
For example, since the signal collected by the knock sensor includes the clutter signal outside the characteristic frequency of the engine, in this embodiment, the knock digital signal is subjected to the second anti-aliasing filtering process to remove the clutter signal in the signal collected by the knock sensor, so as to improve the accuracy of the measured knock signal of the engine. Specifically, in the process of performing the second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knock digital signal, anti-aliasing filtering processing is performed on the knock signal through a plurality of frequency segments to obtain a plurality of different filtered knock digital signals.
Step S240 calculates a knock energy value of the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and performs knock detection on the engine based on the knock energy value.
Specifically, as described above, the knock digital signals collected by the knock sensor are filtered to obtain filtered knock digital signals with different frequency bands, and the knock detection is performed on the engine according to the accurate engine knock energy value based on calculating the energy values corresponding to the filtered knock digital signals with different frequency bands and calculating the knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the energy values.
In this embodiment, a first anti-aliasing filtering process is performed on a knock analog signal of an engine acquired by a knock sensor, and the filtered analog signal is sampled to obtain a knock digital signal, which is favorable for subsequent signal reconstruction, and then a second anti-aliasing filtering process is performed on the knock digital signal through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and clutter which does not belong to a characteristic frequency segment of the engine in the knock signal acquired by the knock sensor is removed, so that a knock energy value corresponding to the engine is calculated through the plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and knock detection is performed on the engine based on the knock energy value.
Further, based on the above embodiment, referring to fig. 3, in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, before the filtering knock signal is sampled to obtain the knock digital signal, the engine knock detection method may further specifically include steps S310 to S330, which are described in detail below:
And step S310, carrying out Fourier transformation on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor to obtain the knock characteristic frequency of the engine.
Specifically, in this embodiment, knock signals of the engine may be collected through bench experiments, where it should be noted that the bench experiments refer to that before the product leaves the factory, certain simulation test run tests, including some engine tests, are generally performed, and the product can be put into use after passing through the bench experiments. The engine bench test is an important link in the engine development stage. The test device is not only used for testing the reliability of the whole engine and related components, but also used for verifying whether the performance of the engine reaches the original design index. Therefore, a large number of bench tests are necessary before the engine is successfully mass produced. Bench tests can be classified into performance tests and reliability tests according to the purpose of the bench test. The performance test is to evaluate important performances such as dynamic performance, economy and the like of the engine. Reliability tests are tests of the reliability of engines and related components by applying various loads. Therefore, the knocking signal of the engine can be collected through a bench test, and then the knocking characteristic frequency section corresponding to the engine is obtained through fast Fourier transformation.
Step S320, obtaining a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the order of the first anti-aliasing filter may be set according to actual needs, for example, in this embodiment, the characteristic frequency of the engine is considered, the first anti-aliasing filter may be a 4-order IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) filter, when the order is greater than 4, the operand is large and not easy to be implemented, and when the order is less than 4, the filtered signal is poor in reduction authenticity, and the filtered data size is large, which is not beneficial to calculation of subsequent knock energy value extraction.
Further, the reconstruction multiple is obtained according to the nyquist principle, that is, when the sampling frequency is Fs, the signal under Fs/2 can be reconstructed, and the reconstruction multiple is 2. After the minimum frequency of the AD sampling is calculated, the higher the sampling frequency is, the more real the AAF reconstructed signal is, and the final AD sampling frequency is obtained. The characteristic frequency band of the engine is generally within 5 to 35kHz, partial allowance is reserved, the engine is sampled at 200kHz, signals within 100kHz can be reconstructed, and the characteristic frequency band of the engine can be covered.
Step S330, calculating the sampling frequency of the filtered analog signal based on the knock characteristic frequency, the preset first anti-aliasing filter order, and the reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the sampling frequency of the AD (analog signal) should be not less than the product of the engine knock characteristic frequency times the filter order times the reconstruction multiple, and the signal output from the first filter can be reconstructed.
In this embodiment, the knock characteristic frequency corresponding to the engine is obtained through a bench test of the engine, the order of the first anti-aliasing filter and the reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal are set according to actual conditions, and finally the sampling frequency of the filtered analog signal is calculated based on the knock characteristic frequency of the engine, the order of the preset first anti-aliasing filter and the reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal, so that the filtered and reconstructed engine signal is more realistic, and the characteristic frequency band of the engine can be covered.
Further, based on the above embodiment, in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation process of the first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signal collected by the knock sensor may further include the following steps, which are described in detail below:
The analog signals are subjected to a first anti-aliasing filtering process based on the sampling frequency to filter out analog signals higher than one-half of the sampling frequency.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the reconstruction multiple is obtained according to the nyquist principle, that is, when the sampling frequency is Fs, the signal under Fs/2 can be reconstructed, and the reconstruction multiple is 2. After the minimum frequency of the AD sampling is calculated, the higher the sampling frequency is, the more real the AAF reconstructed signal is, and the final AD sampling frequency is obtained. The characteristic frequency band of the engine is generally within 5 to 35kHz, partial allowance is reserved, the engine is sampled at 200kHz, signals within 100kHz can be reconstructed, and the characteristic frequency band of the engine can be covered.
Further, based on the above embodiment, referring to fig. 4, in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation process of sampling the filtered analog signal to obtain the knock digital signal may further specifically include step S410 and step S420, which are described in detail below:
Step S410, performing analog-to-digital conversion processing on the filtered analog signal to obtain a filtered digital signal;
And step S420, sampling the filtered signal according to the sampling frequency to obtain a knocking digital signal.
Specifically, the first anti-aliasing filter may be an off-chip AAF filter, and in this embodiment, the off-chip AAF filter uses an RC low-pass filter circuit, and the logarithmic transfer function thereof is generally as follows:
wherein the bandpass cutoff frequency By adopting the sampling frequency of the knock analog signal obtained by calculation, different passband cut-off frequencies can be selected, and simulation is carried out in MATLAB, so that the frequency response of the off-chip AAF filter can be checked.
Further, based on the foregoing embodiment, in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, the implementation process of performing the second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knock digital signal through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals may further specifically include the following steps, which are described in detail below:
The knocking digital signals are input into a second anti-aliasing filter, so that the knocking digital signals are filtered through the second anti-aliasing filter according to a plurality of different frequency segments, and a plurality of filtered knocking digital signals which accord with the characteristic frequency segments of the engine are obtained through separation.
Specifically, in this embodiment, since the engine knock signal collected by the knock sensor includes a clutter signal other than the engine characteristic frequency, the knock digital signal after the first anti-aliasing filtering is subjected to the second anti-aliasing processing, so as to separate the signal in the engine characteristic frequency band in the knock digital signal.
Illustratively, if the sampling rate is 200kHz, the signal below 100kHz can be reconstructed and reliably analyzed according to the nyquist principle. The sensor signal spectrum is generally unpredictable, so that to prevent mixing of the signals of the frequency band under investigation (5-35 kHz is the engine knock detection frequency), the signals are filtered by a low pass filter (anti-aliasing filter AAF) with sufficient damping prior to analysis. The anti-aliasing filter AAF should have a good frequency response. The characteristic frequency range of the engine is generally within 5 to 35kHz, and the frequency response requirement of the filter can be designed as follows: the frequency response is greater than or equal to-3 dB at 35 kHz; the frequency response is less than or equal to-25 dB at 50 kHz; assuming that only an off-chip AAF filter is used in this embodiment and the response is 6dB per octave, in order to ensure that the signal above 35kHz is reduced to-25 dB, about 4 octaves, that is, 35×24=560 kHz, are required to be divided by 25, and the sampling frequency is up to 1.12MHz according to the nyquist principle, obviously this will greatly increase the calculation amount of AD sampling and waste the calculation resources. Therefore, after off-chip AAF, software AAF needs to be designed in tandem to reduce the sampling load.
Further, in this embodiment, the second anti-aliasing filter may be a software AAF filter, specifically an infinite impulse response (Infinite Impulse Response IIR) filter, as shown in fig. 5, and in general, the transfer function of the IIR filter is as follows:
that is, if the input is X (Z) and the output is Y (N), then: y (Z) =x (Z) ×h (Z), i.e
Parameters a k、br of the IIR filter are designed, different types of IIR filtering modes such as a Butters filter can be selected, different parameters such as an order, sampling frequency, passband cutoff frequency, stopband cutoff frequency, passband gain and stopband gain are selected, the frequency response of the off-chip AAF, software AAF and the overall anti-aliasing filter is simulated and checked in Matlab, and RC values and parameters of the IIR filter are calculated.
As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is an antialiasing filter AAF frequency response, i.e., a signal plot after engine knock signals are filtered by a first antialiasing filter (off-chip AAF), a signal plot after knock digital signals are filtered by a second antialiasing filter process (software AAF), and a line plot of knock digital signals after passing at an antialiasing module that includes the first and second antialiasing filters can be seen from fig. 6. It can be seen from fig. 6 that the filtering except for noise interference retains the signals in the characteristic frequency band of the engine, the downsampling assumes that we only use an off-chip AAF filter and the response is 6dB per octave, in order to ensure that the signals above 35kHz are reduced to-25 dB, about 4 octaves, that is 35 x 24 = 560kHz, need to be divided by 25, and the sampling frequency is up to 1.12MHz according to the nyquist principle, which obviously greatly increases the calculation amount of AD sampling and wastes calculation resources. Therefore, after off-chip AAF, software AAF needs to be designed in tandem to reduce the sampling load.
Further, based on the above embodiment, referring to fig. 7, in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation process of calculating the knock energy value of the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals may further include steps S710 to S730, which are described in detail below:
step S710, calculating knock characteristic values corresponding to the plurality of filtered knock digital signals respectively;
Step S720, weighting operation is carried out on the knock characteristic values to obtain knock original energy values corresponding to the knock digital signals;
in step S730, a knock energy value corresponding to the engine is calculated based on the knock raw energy value.
Specifically, in view of the fact that the center frequency of the engine cylinder is divided into circumferential frequency and radial frequency, and the signal-to-noise ratio conditions of each frequency and harmonic frequency are different, frequency segments with relatively good signal-to-noise ratios are selected under different working conditions, and weight values are taken to fit knock characteristic values. The embodiment can support the setting of the second anti-aliasing filters of three different frequencies, namely filtering the same group of knock signals aiming at 3 different frequency segments and extracting the energy values of the frequency segments.
The 3-group filter digital signals of the 3 IIR outputs pass through a knock energy value extraction module which adopts an algorithm for adding absolute values of knock signal values in a processor, namelyAnd obtaining 3 knock characteristic values after the knock sensor signal is processed in the knock window range, and transmitting the values to the RAM area through DMA (direct memory access) to transmit the values to IIR (1-3). And the knock detection cylinder number is combined and distributed into the array variables IIR1[ i ], IIR2[ i ] and IIR3[ i ]. Where i is the current cylinder number.
Taking cylinder 1 as an example, as shown in FIG. 8, the knock raw energy value KRaw [0] is calculated as follows: KRaw [0] = KFac 1[ 1] ×iir1[0] + KFac2 ] 2×iir2[0] + (1-KFac 1-KFac 2) ×iir3[0], wherein KFac1, KFac2, KFac3 are knock energy weighting factors obtained by searching a table of a 1 st cylinder according to engine speed and intake air flow and extracted through 3 IIR filtering, and KFac 3=1-KFac 1-KFac2. The assignment of the weight factors requires that typical knock signals are collected on a rack in advance according to working conditions and cylinders, and the values of the magnitudes of different frequency bands are analyzed after Fourier transformation, as shown in FIG. 9, wherein FIG. 9 is a graph of amplitude-frequency transformation of the knock signals.
Further, based on the above embodiment, referring to fig. 10, in one exemplary embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation process of calculating the knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock raw energy value may further include step S1010 and step S1020, which are described in detail below:
step S1010, performing median filtering processing on the detonation original energy value to obtain a detonation noise value corresponding to the engine;
Step S1020, calculating a knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock noise value and the knock raw energy value.
Specifically, after knock signals are calculated by the separate cylinders, the values of the amplitude conditions of different frequency bands are obtained through Fourier transformation and analysis, and knock raw energy values corresponding to the engine are obtained through weighted addition calculation of knock energy values of the separate cylinders. In order to obtain the knock energy value corresponding to starting, median filtering needs to be carried out on the knock original energy value, wherein the median filtering method is a nonlinear smoothing technology, is a nonlinear signal processing technology capable of effectively suppressing noise based on a sequencing statistical theory, and the basic principle of median filtering is to replace the value of one point in a digital sequence with the median value of each point value in a neighborhood of the point, so that surrounding points are close to the true value, and isolated noise points are eliminated.
The knock energy value is characterized by the knock energy signal-to-noise ratio, and the method is as follows:
cylinder knock energy value = cylinder knock raw energy value +.
The cylinder separation noise value is a value obtained by median filtering of cylinder separation knocking energy values and represents the noise level of the engine. And the median filtering is to continuously perform odd-number sampling, then sort the sampled data samples, and take the middle data sample as an effective sampling value.
The knock energy value calculated by the cylinder separation reflects the knock intensity when knocking at different degrees, and when the working condition is stable, the larger the value is, the larger the knock intensity is.
In addition, in some possible embodiments, the calculated multiple filtered knock digital signals conforming to the characteristic frequency band of the engine are transmitted to RAM (Random Access Memory), i.e. a random access Memory, through a Direct Memory access (Direct Memory ACCESS DMA), which can write data into a Memory unit of any designated address at any time, and can read data from any designated address at any time, and the read-write speed is determined by the clock frequency. And transmitting a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals which accord with the characteristic frequency section of the engine to a knocking energy value calculation module by using a RAM to obtain a corresponding knocking energy value, detecting the knocking of the engine by using the knocking energy value, and further controlling the adjustment of the ignition angle of the engine according to the knocking detection result of the engine. Reducing the ignition angle (late ignition) allows the in-cylinder pressure to rise slowly, but the power is not up, so it is typically controlled at the slightly knocking edge.
It should be noted that DMA refers to a high-speed transfer operation that allows direct reading and writing of data between an external device and a memory, and between the memory and the memory, and the transfer process is performed under the control of a so-called "DMA controller" without the intervention of the CPU and without the need for the CPU. The CPU may perform other operations during the transfer, in addition to performing some of the processing at the beginning and end of the data transfer. Thus, the parallel execution of the CPU processing task and the memory data exchange is realized in most of the time. Thus, the overall performance of the system is greatly improved.
In the embodiment, the knock energy value obtained through calculation is used for knock detection of the engine, so that the ignition angle of the engine is controlled and adjusted through the knock result, the knock identification precision is improved, the accurate ignition angle control is facilitated, the oil consumption is reduced, the service life of the engine is prolonged, and the safety of the engine is improved.
Further, FIG. 11 is a schematic flow diagram of engine knock detection in an exemplary application scenario. In the application scenario shown in fig. 11, the knock sensor collects the generated knock signal of the engine vibration, integrates the collected knock signal, performs the first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the integrated engine knock analog signal, performs the analog-to-digital conversion on the filtered analog signal to obtain a corresponding filtered digital signal, samples the filtered digital signal to obtain a knock digital signal, and performs the second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knock digital signal, wherein the second anti-aliasing filtering processing includes performing the second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knock digital signal through a plurality of filters with different frequency ranges to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and in view of the fact that the center frequency of the engine cylinder is divided into circumferential frequency and radial frequency, and the signal-to-noise ratio conditions of each frequency and harmonic frequency are different, frequency ranges with relatively good signal-to-noise ratios are selected under different conditions and weight conditions are required to be fitted into knock characteristic values. I.e. filtering the same set of knock signals for a plurality of different frequency bins and extracting the energy values of the frequency bins. Weighting operation is carried out on the knock characteristic values to obtain knock original energy values corresponding to the knock digital signals; a knock energy value corresponding to the engine is calculated based on the knock raw energy value. Therefore, the recognition of various frequencies of the engine is realized, and the knock recognition capability is improved.
Fig. 12 is a block diagram of an engine knock detection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The apparatus may be applied to the implementation environment shown in fig. 1, and is specifically configured in the intelligent terminal 110. The apparatus may also be adapted to other exemplary implementation environments and may be specifically configured in other devices, and the present embodiment is not limited to the implementation environments to which the apparatus is adapted.
As shown in fig. 12, the exemplary engine knock detection device includes:
a first filtering module 1210, configured to perform a first anti-aliasing filtering process on an analog signal acquired by the knock sensor;
the sampling module 1220 is configured to sample the filtered analog signal to obtain a knock digital signal;
a second filtering module 1230, configured to perform a second anti-aliasing filtering process on the knock digital signal through a plurality of different frequency segments, to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals;
A calculation module 1240 for calculating a knock energy value for the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals and knock detecting the engine based on the knock energy value.
In one embodiment of the present application, the engine knock detection device includes:
The Fourier transform module is used for carrying out Fourier transform on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor to obtain the knock characteristic frequency of the engine;
The acquisition module is used for acquiring a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal;
The sampling frequency calculation module is used for calculating the sampling frequency of the filtered analog signal based on the knocking characteristic frequency, the preset first anti-aliasing filter order and the reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal.
According to one aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the first filtering module 1210 is specifically configured to,
The analog signals are subjected to a first anti-aliasing filtering process based on the sampling frequency to filter out analog signals higher than one-half of the sampling frequency.
In accordance with one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, the sampling module 1220 is specifically configured to,
Performing analog-to-digital conversion processing on the filtered analog signals to obtain filtered digital signals;
and sampling the filtered signal according to the sampling frequency to obtain a knocking digital signal.
In accordance with one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, the second filtering module 1230 is specifically configured to,
The knocking digital signals are input into a second anti-aliasing filter, so that the knocking digital signals are filtered through the second anti-aliasing filter according to a plurality of different frequency segments, and a plurality of filtered knocking digital signals which accord with the characteristic frequency segments of the engine are obtained through separation.
In accordance with one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, the calculation module 1240 is also specifically configured to,
Calculating knock characteristic values corresponding to the multiple filtering knock digital signals respectively;
Weighting operation is carried out on the knock characteristic values to obtain knock original energy values corresponding to the knock digital signals;
A knock energy value corresponding to the engine is calculated based on the knock raw energy value.
In accordance with one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, the calculation module 1240 is also specifically configured to,
Performing median filtering processing on the detonation original energy value to obtain a detonation noise value corresponding to the engine;
a knock energy value corresponding to the engine is calculated based on the knock noise value and the knock raw energy value.
It should be noted that, the engine knock detection device provided in the foregoing embodiment and the engine knock detection method provided in the foregoing embodiment belong to the same concept, and specific manners in which the respective modules and units perform operations have been described in detail in the method embodiments, which are not repeated herein. In practical application, the engine knock detection device provided in the above embodiment may distribute the functions to be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to perform all or part of the functions described above, which is not limited herein.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment, which comprises: one or more processors; and a storage means for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the engine knock detection method provided in the above-described respective embodiments.
Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing an embodiment of the application. It should be noted that, the computer system 1300 of the electronic device shown in fig. 13 is only an example, and should not impose any limitation on the functions and the application scope of the embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 13, the computer system 1300 includes a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU) 1301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes, such as performing the methods in the above-described embodiments, according to a program stored in a Read-Only Memory (ROM) 1302 or a program loaded from a storage portion 1308 into a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) 1303. In the RAM 1303, various programs and data required for the system operation are also stored. The CPU 1301, ROM 1302, and RAM 1303 are connected to each other through a bus 1304. An Input/Output (I/O) interface 1305 is also connected to bus 1304.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 1305: an input section 1306 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 1307 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid crystal display (Liquid CRYSTAL DISPLAY, LCD), and a speaker, etc.; a storage portion 1308 including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section 1309 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network ) card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 1309 performs a communication process via a network such as the internet. The drive 1310 is also connected to the I/O interface 1305 as needed. Removable media 1311, such as magnetic disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, semiconductor memory, and the like, is mounted on drive 1310 as needed so that a computer program read therefrom is mounted into storage portion 1308 as needed.
In particular, according to embodiments of the present application, the processes described above with reference to flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising a computer program for performing the method shown in the flowchart. In such embodiments, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication portion 1309 and/or installed from the removable medium 1311. When executed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1301, performs various functions defined in the system of the present application.
It should be noted that, the computer readable medium shown in the embodiments of the present application may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-Only Memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-Only Memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM), a flash Memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present application, a computer-readable signal medium may comprise a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, with a computer-readable computer program embodied therein. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer program embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. Where each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The units involved in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by software, or may be implemented by hardware, and the described units may also be provided in a processor. Wherein the names of the units do not constitute a limitation of the units themselves in some cases.
Another aspect of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements an engine knock detection method as before. The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiment or may exist alone without being incorporated in the electronic device.
Another aspect of the application also provides a computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium. The processor of the computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions so that the computer device executes the engine knock detection method provided in the above-described respective embodiments.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can easily make corresponding variations or modifications according to the main concept and spirit of the present application, so that the protection scope of the present application shall be defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An engine knock detection method, characterized by comprising:
performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on an analog signal acquired by a knock sensor, wherein the knock sensor acquires the analog signal in a differential signal mode;
Sampling the filtered analog signals to obtain knocking digital signals;
performing second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knocking digital signals through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals;
calculating a knock energy value of the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals, and performing knock detection on the engine based on the knock energy value;
Before sampling the filtered knock signal to obtain a knock digital signal, the method further includes:
performing Fourier transformation on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor to obtain the knock characteristic frequency of the engine;
acquiring a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal;
And calculating the sampling frequency of the filtered analog signal based on the knocking characteristic frequency, a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said performing a first anti-aliasing filter process on the analog signal acquired by the knock sensor comprises:
and performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals based on the sampling frequency so as to filter out analog signals higher than one half of the sampling frequency in the analog signals.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein sampling the filtered analog signal to obtain a knock digital signal, comprising:
performing analog-to-digital conversion processing on the filtered analog signals to obtain filtered digital signals;
and carrying out sampling processing on the filtered signal according to the sampling frequency to obtain the knocking digital signal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said performing a second anti-aliasing filter process on said knock digital signal over a plurality of different frequency bins to obtain a plurality of filtered knock digital signals comprises:
And inputting the knocking digital signal into a second anti-aliasing filter, and filtering the knocking digital signal through the second anti-aliasing filter according to a plurality of different frequency segments to separate and obtain a plurality of filtered knocking digital signals conforming to the characteristic frequency segments of the engine.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating a knock energy value for said engine based on said plurality of filtered knock digital signals comprises:
Calculating knock characteristic values corresponding to the plurality of filtered knock digital signals respectively;
Weighting operation is carried out on the knock characteristic values to obtain knock original energy values corresponding to the knock digital signals;
and calculating the knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock original energy value.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said calculating a knock energy value for said engine based on said knock raw energy value comprises:
performing median filtering processing on the detonation original energy value to obtain a detonation noise value corresponding to the engine;
and calculating a knock energy value corresponding to the engine based on the knock noise value and the knock original energy value.
7. An engine knock detection device, characterized by comprising:
the first filtering module is used for performing first anti-aliasing filtering processing on the analog signals acquired by the knock sensor;
the sampling module is used for sampling the filtered analog signals to obtain knocking digital signals;
The second filtering module is used for carrying out second anti-aliasing filtering processing on the knocking digital signals through a plurality of different frequency segments to obtain a plurality of filtering knocking digital signals;
A calculation module for calculating a knock energy value of the engine based on the plurality of filtered knock digital signals and performing knock detection on the engine based on the knock energy value;
The apparatus further comprises:
the Fourier transform module is used for carrying out Fourier transform on the analog signal acquired by the knock sensor before carrying out sampling processing on the filtered knock signal to obtain the knock signal so as to obtain the knock characteristic frequency of the engine;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal;
And the sampling frequency calculation module is used for calculating the sampling frequency of the filtered analog signal based on the knocking characteristic frequency, a preset first anti-aliasing filter order and a reconstruction multiple of the filtered analog signal.
8. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
Storage means for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the engine knock detection method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a computer, cause the computer to perform the engine knock detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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