CN115898536A - Mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling - Google Patents
Mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drill holes, and belongs to the technical field of mine dynamic disaster prevention and control. The method comprises the steps of judging the type of the composite dynamic disaster of a mine according to dynamic events and the evaluation of the risk of each dynamic disaster of the mine, and determining key influence factors of the composite dynamic disaster and areas needing to take pretreatment measures; designing a coal rock structure regulation scheme by combining mine production technical conditions and actual geological conditions, and determining construction parameters of continuous long drilling; the permeability of the gas-containing stratum is increased by the directional long drilling hole construction hydraulic fracturing technology for the gas-containing stratum, and gas and outburst risks are reduced; the aquifer is drilled through the directional long drill holes, and the stress concentration stratification degree of the aquifer, the water hazard risk and the like are reduced. The method can realize multi-level and large-space continuous operation, realize multi-purpose of one hole, and simultaneously solve the problem of excessive pressure relief of partial areas on the premise of carrying out multi-level regulation and pressure relief on the mine composite power disaster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine dynamic disaster prevention and control, in particular to a mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling.
Background
With the gradual increase of the mining depth of mines, partial mining areas in China enter a deep mining stage, and the deep mining faces a serious three-high one disturbance environment, so that dynamic disasters of mines are easily induced, mainly including mine earthquake, rock burst, water burst, coal and gas outburst and the like. Moreover, with the scientific development of mining technology, the continuous emphasis on safety environment and the continuous improvement of identification capability of dangerous factors and disasters, the occurrence mechanism and prevention and treatment measures of single mine dynamic disasters have been studied in a large number and successfully applied in the field of disaster prevention and treatment. Meanwhile, the mine composite power disaster gradually becomes a great trouble of safe and efficient deep coal mining, the deep composite power disaster mechanism is unclear, the cause is complex, and the disasters are mutually induced factors, so that the composite power disaster is more difficult to prevent and treat.
At present, due to the complexity of the composite dynamic disaster and the limitation of a research method, the main form of the composite dynamic disaster prevention and treatment measures of the mine is single regulation and control, namely, the special prevention and treatment measures are carried out on each disaster, so that the phenomena of excessive pressure relief of partial areas, such as broken top plates, large deformation of lane walls, difficult support and the like, are easily caused. Therefore, a method for preventing and controlling the composite mine dynamic disaster is urgently needed, and the problem of excessive pressure relief of partial areas can be solved on the premise that the composite mine dynamic disaster can be subjected to multi-level regulation and pressure relief.
According to the characteristics of sudden, strong and destructive mine dynamic disasters, the prevention and treatment measures of the mine composite dynamic disasters should have the trends and characteristics of eliminating mining disturbance, transferring high stress concentration, increasing and reducing permeability, providing yielding and reducing impact space and the like on the basis of regulating and controlling the coal-rock structure. Therefore, the invention provides a mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling, which comprises the following steps: the method uses kilometer directional drilling machine equipment, can change the inclination angle and azimuth angle of a drill hole under the condition of not interrupting the construction of the drill hole, eliminates the outburst or water hazard danger for gas-containing or water-containing stratum by permeability increasing and desorption, weakens the collapse disturbance of overlying strata by presplitting a hard top plate, forms an inner support outer discharge energy absorption structure for deep coal body cave construction, realizes multi-level and large-space continuous operation, and realizes one-hole multi-purpose operation; the method reduces the danger degree of various mine dynamic disasters by regulating the coal-rock structure to reduce the hanging area of overlying strata, weaken the stress concentration degree, enhance the permeability of the coal-rock body, provide a weak structure energy absorption area and the like, and can simultaneously solve the problem of excessive pressure relief of partial areas on the premise of carrying out multi-level regulation and pressure relief on the mine composite dynamic disasters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling, which aims to solve the problems of complex mine composite dynamic disaster prevention and control measures, poor construction continuity, excessive pressure relief in partial areas and the like.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: judging the type of the composite dynamic disaster of the mine according to the dynamic events of the mine and the evaluation of the risk of each dynamic disaster, and determining key influence factors of the composite dynamic disaster and areas needing to take pretreatment measures; determining the construction positions, sequences, routes and parameters of pretreatment means of each spatial hierarchy of continuous long drill holes by combining mine production technical conditions and actual geological conditions;
s2: performing directional long drilling construction according to the long drilling construction process determined in the S1 to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling mine dynamic disasters;
s3: and after all the dynamic disaster influence factors of one drilling hole are subjected to pretreatment construction, transferring to the next drilling hole site, and performing circular construction until the mining is finished or the pretreatment engineering of the dynamic disaster influence factors of the mine is finished.
The S1 mine composite dynamic disaster type is a combination of more than one dynamic disaster, wherein the dynamic disaster comprises rock burst, coal and gas outburst, water burst and the like.
S1, the hollow space comprises a high gas stratum, a hard rock stratum, an aquifer and a coal bed;
the key influencing factors are specifically:
hard formations key contributing factors include: the thickness of a rock stratum, the uniaxial compressive strength, the uniaxial tensile strength, the bending energy index, the primary caving step and the periodic caving step;
key contributors to high gas formations include: original formation gas pressure (relative pressure), firmness coefficient of the formation, damage type of the formation, and initial gas diffusion speed of the formation;
key contributors to the aquifer include: the distribution position of the water-containing area (the same rock stratum, not all areas contain water, and the water-containing area needs to be clear through the prior geophysical exploration engineering) and the water content;
key coal seam influencing factors include: uniaxial compressive strength, dynamic failure time, impact energy index, elastic energy index, coal seam inclination angle, coal seam thickness and coal pillar width.
S1, the technical conditions of the middlings and mountains production comprise space-time relation with a goaf, coal pillar setting, bottom coal thickness, top plate pressure, stoping line arrangement, mining pushing speed and protective layer selection;
the actual geological conditions comprise structure, ground stress distribution, burial depth and coal bed occurrence characteristics.
S1, constructing the medium-length drill hole, sequentially constructing the drill hole from the hole cutting of the working face according to the mining direction of the working face until the mining stopping line of the working face is processed, then finishing the construction of the working face, and transferring the equipment to the next working face for construction. When drilling is carried out, the construction of a leading working face is needed (the leading working face leads the influence range of disturbance, and generally leads by 200-300 m).
The construction position of the long drilling hole in the S1 is determined according to the distribution level of each dynamic disaster, an energy absorption weak structure space of 5-10 m is reserved outside an anchoring area (the length of a common anchor cable is 4-10 m) of the coal seam, and a drilling route from the coal seam to the top is designed according to the positions of roof breaking, gas drainage and water drainage.
The drilling path and depth are fed back from time to time by the GPS positioning system of the drill bit (a track will be reflected on the console screen), and the path is adjusted appropriately according to the track of the drill bit to ensure that the drill hole passes through the predetermined position.
And drilling holes from the coal seam roadway side construction to the final position of a preset route, and then sequentially processing from top to bottom, wherein the processing sequence is according to the distribution position of each mine dynamic disaster, and can be aquifer-hard rock stratum-gas stratum-coal seam or hard rock stratum-gas stratum-aquifer-coal seam. And finally, constructing an energy-absorbing weak structure outside the anchoring area of the coal seam, and turning and repeatedly performing undermining through a drill bit. The bore diameter is 150mm.
The pretreatment means in the S1 comprises hydraulic fracturing, high-pressure hydraulic fracturing and ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic fracturing.
The directional long drilling construction in the S2 comprises the following steps:
a. the crack is developed by the hydraulic fracturing technology for the hard rock stratum construction through the directional long drill hole, the integrity of the hard rock stratum is damaged, a long cantilever structure which is not beneficial to power disaster prevention and control is adjusted to be a short cantilever structure, and disturbance of overlying rock transmission is weakened;
b. the permeability of the coal bed is increased by the directional long drilling hole construction hydraulic fracturing technology for the gas-containing stratum, the coal bed is subjected to permeation enhancing extraction, and the gas outburst risk is reduced;
c. the aquifer is drilled through the directional long drilling holes, a drainage channel of the aquifer is provided, and the stress concentration degree and water hazard risk of the aquifer are reduced;
d. the deep cave-making of the coal seam forms an energy-absorbing weak structure through the directional long drill hole, and meanwhile, the supporting technology is used for reinforcing the shallow construction of the roadway, so that an inner supporting and outer unloading structure is formed, an energy-absorbing and pressure-relieving space is provided, and a supporting system of the roadway is maintained.
And c, fracturing the hard rock stratum in the step a, the fracturing fractures of two adjacent drill holes are required to be communicated, and the communication of the fractures is represented by observing that the water yield of the adjacent drill holes is increased when one hole is fractured. No adjacent drill holes are used for verification during the first drilling, the crack formation is characterized through the water pressure change and the flow change, and the crack development is ensured through requiring continuous pressure supply for 20 minutes.
The construction completion standard of the gas-containing stratum in the step b is as follows: pressure of gas<0.74MPa and gas content less than 8m 3 T, structural band<6m 3 /t。
And c, drilling the aquifer to ensure that the aperture is 150mm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the scheme, the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the drill hole can be changed under the condition of not interrupting the construction of the drill hole, the outburst or water damage danger is eliminated by permeability increasing and desorbing on a gas-containing or water-containing stratum, the overlying rock collapse disturbance is weakened by the presplitting of a hard top plate, an inner support and outer unloading energy absorption structure is formed by cave making on deep coal, multi-level and large-space continuous operation is realized, the danger degree of various mine power disasters is reduced through multiple ways, and the problem of excessive pressure relief of partial areas is solved on the premise of carrying out multi-level regulation and control pressure relief on the mine composite power disasters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drilling arrangement of the mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic fracturing structure regulation and control technology of a thick and hard roof plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas-containing or water-containing formation permeability reducing desorption technique according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the regulation of the inner stent-unloading structure of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-long drilling construction position; 2-long drilling route; 3, reinforcing and supporting; 4, an energy absorption weak structure; 5-a hole making space; 6-a water-bearing formation; 7-thick hard top plate; 8-gas bearing formations; 9-stress distribution curve of long cantilever structure; 10-long cantilever structure; 11-hydraulic fracturing of the gap; 12-short cantilever structure stress distribution curve; 13-short cantilever structure; 14-a hydrophobic channel; 15-hydraulic fracturing gas-containing stratum permeability-increasing technology; 16-a gas drainage channel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: judging the type of the composite dynamic disaster of the mine according to the dynamic events of the mine and the evaluation of the risk of each dynamic disaster, and determining key influence factors of the composite dynamic disaster and areas needing to take pretreatment measures; designing a coal rock structure regulation scheme by combining mine production technical conditions and actual geological conditions, and determining the construction position, sequence, route and parameters of each spatial hierarchy pretreatment means of continuous long drilling;
s2: performing directional long drilling construction according to the long drilling construction process determined in the S1 to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling mine dynamic disasters;
s3: and after all the dynamic disaster influence factors of one drilling hole are subjected to pretreatment construction, transferring to the next drilling hole, and performing circular construction until the mining is finished or the mine dynamic disaster influence factor pretreatment project is finished.
Wherein, long drilling construction includes in S2:
a. the crack is developed by the hydraulic fracturing technology for the hard rock stratum construction through the directional long drill hole, the integrity of the hard rock stratum is damaged, a long cantilever structure which is not beneficial to power disaster prevention and control is adjusted to be a short cantilever structure, and disturbance of overlying rock transmission is weakened;
b. the permeability of the coal seam is increased by the directional long drilling hole to the gas-containing stratum construction hydraulic fracturing technology, the permeability increasing extraction is carried out on the coal seam, and the gas outburst risk is reduced;
c. the aquifer is drilled through the directional long drilling holes, a drainage channel of the aquifer is provided, and the stress concentration degree and water hazard risk of the aquifer are reduced;
d. the deep cave-making of coal seam forms the energy-absorbing weak structure through directional long drilling hole, and the construction reinforcement supporting technology is carried out to the shallow portion of tunnel simultaneously, forms the internal support and unloads the structure outward, provides energy-absorbing pressure-relief space, maintains the supporting system in tunnel.
The four construction modes of a, b, c and d can be carried out singly or combined at will, and the specific construction sequence is related to whether the construction project is selected and the type of the mine composite dynamic disaster.
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: judging the type of the composite dynamic disaster of the mine according to the dynamic events of the mine and the evaluation of the risk of each dynamic disaster, and determining key influence factors of the composite dynamic disaster and areas needing to take pretreatment measures; designing a coal rock structure regulation and control scheme by combining mine production technical conditions and actual geological conditions, and determining parameters of continuous long drilling construction positions 1, sequences, long drilling routes 2 and pretreatment means of each spatial hierarchy;
specifically, drilling coring observation and mechanical parameter measurement are carried out on the thick and hard top plate of the working face, the rock stratum thickness exceeds 10m, the uniaxial compressive strength is more than 60MPa, and the rock stratum is judged to be a hard rock stratum; and then judging that the roof is a roof with strong impact tendency and the coal bed is a coal bed with weak impact tendency according to the result of a mechanical parameter test (according to an impact tendency identification standard): the main parameters of the top plate are uniaxial tensile strength (4.99 MPa) and bending energy index (U) WQS = 136); the main parameters of the coal bed are uniaxial compressive strength (14.74 MPa), impact energy index (1.1), elastic energy index (4.198) and dynamic failure time (297 ms). The coal seam and the roof of the coal seam have the property of generating rock burst and are evaluated as medium impact risks according to an impact risk evaluation flow; and according to the engineering analogy of the first pressure and the periodic pressure during the mining of the adjacent working faces, the pressure step is considered to be longer, and the possibility of inducing rock burst is provided. Therefore, long drilling hydraulic pressure construction needs to be carried out on the top plate above the working face, and disturbance of the top plate on the mining working face is reduced.
Further, through the former geophysical prospecting result on the working face, a part of the top plate area of the working face is found to develop an aquifer, and the aquifer needs to be subjected to hydrophobic pressure relief.
Furthermore, according to geological data, detecting the gas pressure (0.76 MPa) of an original stratum, the firmness coefficient (0.4) of the stratum, the damage type (IV) of the stratum and the initial gas diffusion speed (10) of the stratum, judging that the stratum with the gas outburst risk exists, and performing long-drill hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing extraction.
Furthermore, the width of the coal pillar is 25m, the thickness of the coal is 6m, the coal pillar is located in a lateral supporting pressure peak value influence area of a goaf, and a weak energy-absorbing structure needs to be constructed to prevent and control power disasters.
S2: the hydraulic fracturing technology is constructed on the thick hard top plate 7 through the directional long drill hole to form a hydraulic fracturing gap 11, the integrity of the thick hard top plate is damaged, a long cantilever structure 10 which is not beneficial to power disaster prevention is adjusted into a short cantilever structure 13, and disturbance of overlying strata transmission is weakened; wherein, the stress distribution curve 9 of the long cantilever structure and the stress distribution curve 12 of the short cantilever structure are shown in fig. 2;
s3: the permeability of a coal seam is increased by a technology 15 for increasing permeability of a gas-containing stratum 8 by constructing hydraulic fracturing through directional long drill holes, a gas drainage channel 16 is formed, and permeation increasing extraction is carried out on the gas drainage channel, so that gas and outburst risks are reduced;
s4: drilling the aquifer through the directional long drilling holes, providing a hydrophobic channel 14 of the aquifer 6, and reducing the stress concentration stratification degree and water hazard risk of the aquifer;
s5: an energy-absorbing weak structure 4 is formed for a coal seam deep cave-making space 5 through directional long drill holes, and meanwhile, an inner support and outer unloading structure is formed for a roadway shallow construction reinforcing support 3 technology, so that a support system capable of providing an energy-absorbing pressure-relief space and maintaining a roadway can be provided under the influence of a composite power disaster.
S6: and after all the dynamic disaster influence factors of one drilling hole are subjected to pretreatment construction, transferring the equipment to the next drilling hole site, and performing circular construction until the mining is finished or the pretreatment engineering of the dynamic disaster influence factors of the mine is finished.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the formation conditions from the high level to the low level are as follows: a gas-bearing formation 8, a hard rock formation (also known as a thick hard roof 7), a water-bearing formation 6, and a coal seam. Drilling from a roadway, designing a drilling route through the checked risk factors, and reserving space for the following pretreatment measures:
the example assumes directional hydraulic fracturing: the uniaxial tensile strength is 2.817MPa, the maximum principal stress is 18.1MPa, and the minimum principal stress is 8.92MPa.
P＝1.3(8.92+18.1)＝35.13MPa。
p 1 ＝1.3(3σ 3 -σ 1 +R t ) (1)
p 2 ＝1.3(σ 1 +R t ) (2)
p 1 - -direct hydraulic fracture initiation pressure estimation, (MPa)
p 2 -directional hydraulic fracture initiation pressure estimation, (MPa)
σ 1 Maximum principal stress at the fracture point, (MPa)
σ 3 Minimum principal stress at the fracture point, (MPa)
R t - -fracture Point formation tensile Strength, (MPa)
(1) Firstly, drilling a borehole into a gas-containing stratum for hydraulic fracturing to release gas internal energy and gas drainage, calculating water pressure according to rock stratum properties and ground stress (as the formula 1 and the formula 2), wherein the interval between the general boreholes is 10m, performing hydraulic fracturing in the gas-containing stratum, judging whether fracturing is finished or not by mainly considering the flow change and the water pressure change of water in a first borehole, indicating that fractures are pressed out when the flow is suddenly increased and the water pressure is suddenly reduced, and keeping fracturing for 30 minutes, wherein the increasing and decreasing trends of the flow and the water pressure appear in the period, and indicating that the fractures are continuously performed; the water yield of the adjacent holes is observed while the pressure and flow change is considered by other holes, and the water yield of the hole is increased in the fracturing process, so that the fracture between the two holes is communicated;
(2) withdrawing the drill bit to a hard rock stratum for hydraulic fracturing, wherein the parameters are the same as those in the step (1);
(3) the third layer is the aquifer to be treated, because the drill holes pass through the layer at the moment, the aquifer is drained during the period, the distance between the drill holes is 10m, and the normal drainage can be guaranteed.
(4) The energy-absorbing weak structure is constructed in the coal seam, the drill bit is a directional drill bit, the effect of manufacturing the energy-absorbing weak structure can be achieved by repeatedly drilling in the construction position, and a surrounding rock state with internal support (strong support) and external unloading (pressure relief and energy absorption weak structure) is formed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: judging the type of the composite dynamic disaster of the mine according to the dynamic events of the mine and the evaluation of the risk of each dynamic disaster, and determining key influence factors of the composite dynamic disaster and areas needing to take pretreatment measures; determining the construction position and sequence of continuous long drill holes and the parameters of pretreatment means of each spatial hierarchy by combining mine production technical conditions and actual geological conditions;
s2: performing directional long drilling construction according to the long drilling construction process determined in the S1 to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling mine dynamic disasters;
s3: and after all the dynamic disaster influence factors of one drilling hole are subjected to pretreatment construction, transferring to the next drilling hole site, and performing circular construction until the mining is finished or the pretreatment engineering of the dynamic disaster influence factors of the mine is finished.
2. The long borehole-based mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein the hollow strata in S1 include a high gas stratum, a hard rock stratum, an aquifer and a coal seam; the key influencing factors are specifically:
hard formations key contributing factors include: the thickness of a rock stratum, the uniaxial compressive strength, the uniaxial tensile strength, the bending energy index, the primary caving step and the periodic caving step;
key contributors to high gas formations include: original stratum gas pressure, the firmness coefficient of the stratum, the damage type of the stratum and the initial gas diffusion speed of the stratum;
key contributors to the aquifer include: water-bearing zone distribution location and water content;
key coal seam influencing factors include: uniaxial compressive strength, dynamic failure time, impact energy index, elastic energy index, coal seam inclination angle, coal seam thickness and coal pillar width.
3. The method for mine dynamic disaster control based on long drill holes according to claim 1, wherein the mining technology conditions in S1 include space-time relation with a goaf, coal pillar setting, bottom coal thickness, roof pressure, stope line arrangement, push mining speed and protective layer selection;
the actual geological conditions comprise structure, ground stress distribution, burial depth and coal bed occurrence characteristics.
4. The mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on the long drill hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction position of the long drill hole in S1 is determined according to the distribution level of each dynamic disaster, 5-10 m energy-absorbing weak structural space is reserved outside the anchoring area of the coal seam, and a drill hole route from the coal seam upwards is designed according to the positions of roof breaking, gas drainage and water drainage.
5. The method for mine dynamic disaster control based on long drilling holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment means in S1 comprises hydraulic fracturing, high pressure hydraulic fracturing and ultrahigh pressure hydraulic fracturing.
6. The mine dynamic disaster prevention and control method based on long drilling according to claim 1, wherein the directional long drilling construction in S2 comprises:
a. the crack is developed by the hydraulic fracturing technology for the hard rock stratum construction through the directional long drill hole, the integrity of the hard rock stratum is damaged, a long cantilever structure which is not beneficial to prevention and control of dynamic disasters is adjusted to be a short cantilever structure, and disturbance of overlying rock transmission is weakened;
b. the permeability of the coal bed is increased by the directional long drilling hole construction hydraulic fracturing technology for the gas-containing stratum, the coal bed is subjected to permeation enhancing extraction, and the gas outburst risk is reduced;
c. the aquifer is drilled through the directional long drill holes, a water draining channel of the aquifer is provided, and the stress concentration degree and the water hazard risk of the aquifer are reduced;
d. the deep cave-making of the coal seam forms an energy-absorbing weak structure through the directional long drill hole, and meanwhile, the supporting technology is used for reinforcing the shallow construction of the roadway, so that an inner supporting and outer unloading structure is formed, an energy-absorbing and pressure-relieving space is provided, and a supporting system of the roadway is maintained.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117948143A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Roof fracturing method for coal mine working face in initial mining stage |
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| CN117948143A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Roof fracturing method for coal mine working face in initial mining stage |
| CN117948143B (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-05-31 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Roof fracturing method for coal mine working face in initial mining stage |
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