CN115896632B - Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and production method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and a production method thereof, wherein the components are as follows: 0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn, 0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements; compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the conventional material wheel steel, the wheel prepared by the method can obviously improve the strong hardness level, the oxidation resistance and the wear resistance of the wheel, has good comprehensive performance, and has good effect on relieving the atmospheric corrosion of the wheel and serious abrasion in the operation. Meanwhile, the wheel manufactured by the invention can maintain the ferrite-pearlite structure state of the original wheel, and the difficulty of wheel preparation is not increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wheel production, and relates to a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and a production method thereof, which are used for passenger-cargo train wheels with running speed of 80-250 km/h.
Background
The steel for railway wheels is easy to corrode due to the influence of environmental climate and other factors, and the assembly, maintenance and transportation safety of the vehicle are affected by the severity of the steel. At present, the rust of the wheels is generally prevented by adopting modes such as paint, rust-proof oil and the like, the wheels need to be cleaned before being assembled, and the protection can not be completely realized.
Because of different use conditions, the requirements of various countries on wheel products are different, the railway transportation of the countries including North America and Australia, such as the United states, is mainly freight, and the wear resistance of the wheels is the important point of consideration, so that the wheels have higher carbon content, and the wheels are mainly made of the class B steel and the class C steel of the AAR M-107 standard. The European railway mainly uses passenger transport, high speed and safety are important points of consideration, and medium carbon steel wheels made of ER8 materials produced according to EN13262 standard are mostly adopted, so that toughness indexes are emphasized under the condition of ensuring a certain strength level, and the crack initiation and propagation resistance of the wheels and the use safety performance of the wheels are improved. At present, the low-speed passenger car in China mainly comprises ER9 and CL60 materials, the wagon wheels mainly comprise CL60 and CL65, and the wheels have good toughness and coordination, but have general corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
The wheels are key components of the train, and the actual mass is directly related to the service safety of the train, so that the wheels with higher corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance are very necessary to be developed to further meet the development needs of domestic passenger and freight in order to adapt to diversified train grades, multi-region operating environments and service performance of the wheels in China.
In the prior art, china patent with publication number CN106191665A published in 2016, 12 and 7 discloses a high-strength, high-toughness and heat-crack-resistant bainitic steel wheel for rail transit and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the bainitic steel wheel comprises the following components: 0.10 to 0.40 percent of carbon, 1.00 to 2.00 percent of silicon, 1.00 to 2.50 percent of manganese, 0.20 to 1.00 percent of copper, 0.0001 to 0.035 percent of boron, 0.10 to 1.00 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of sulfur, and the balance of iron and unavoidable residual elements; and Si+Ni is more than or equal to 1.50% and less than or equal to 3.00%,1.50%
Mn+Ni+Cu is less than or equal to 3.00%, nickel is added, the cost is high, and the corrosion resistance can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and a production method thereof, which are C-Sn-Cu alloy corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheels, wherein Cr, sn, cu, als elements are controlled, and meanwhile, the strength and hardness level of the wheels are improved in a heat treatment mode, so that the oxidation speed of steel is reduced, and the corrosion resistance and the friction and wear resistance of the wheels are improved.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn, 0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.55-0.75% of C, 0.30-0.40% of Si, 0.75-0.85% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.70% of Sn, 0.45-0.55% of Cu, 0.020-0.030% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 70-80ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The components of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel also meet the following conditions: the corrosion resistance index I is more than or equal to 12.1, and I=15Sn+7.5Cu+1.2Cr+122N. The contents of the components in the formula are expressed as x 100 percent in the anti-corrosion and anti-wear wheel;
the external diameter of the anti-corrosion and anti-wear wheel is phi 600 mm-1250 mm,
the structure state of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel is a fine pearlite and small amount of ferrite structure, and the grain size is more than or equal to 7.5;
the rim yield strength Rel of the anti-corrosion and anti-wear wheel is more than or equal to 600MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 950MPa, the hardness of the tread surface at 35mm is more than or equal to 260HB, the elongation A is more than or equal to 13%, and the oxidation speed is less than or equal to 7.5g/m 2 H, the abrasion loss of the laboratory small sample is less than or equal to 0.28g.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
in terms of wear resistance, the contribution of C to the strength and the hardness is the greatest, the strength and hardness index of the wheel is obviously improved along with the improvement of the carbon content, and the wear resistance of the wheel is improved, but the toughness and the plasticity of the wheel are reduced due to the fact that the content of C is too high, so that the range of C is determined to be between 0.55 and 0.75 percent.
From the rule of influence of alloy elements on performance, composite microalloying is implemented to obtain high strength and hardness performance and high plasticity performance; in order to improve the oxidation resistance and the plasticity of the wheel, the invention adopts Sn and Cu alloying treatment. Therefore, the invention focuses on designing the Mn, cr, sn, cu, als element content in the wheel steel.
Mn is an important strengthening element in the invention, and can effectively improve the strength and hardness properties of the wheel, thereby improving the wear resistance of the wheel, but too high Mn has adverse effects on the comprehensive mechanical properties and the processing properties of the wheel, so the Mn content is controlled between 0.70 and 0.90 percent, and most preferably between 0.75 and 0.85 percent.
Si has higher solid solubility in steel, can increase the volume fraction of ferrite in steel, strengthen ferrite by solid solution, refine grains and is beneficial to improving the yield strength of materials, so the mass percentage content is controlled to be 0.20-0.50%.
Cr is a secondary solid solution strengthening element, and can effectively improve the strength and hardness of the workpiece, so that the wear resistance of the workpiece is improved, but from the rule of influence of Cr element on the critical cooling speed of complete pearlite, the Cr content should be controlled to be 0.20-0.40% in order to make ferrite-pearlite structure easy to obtain.
Al is easy to combine with N element in steel to form AlN, and serves as pinning particles to inhibit coarse austenite grains during quenching and heating, so that grains and tissues can be refined. Further, al should be controlled to 0.010% to 0.050%, more preferably 0.020% to 0.030%.
Cu can improve the strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the wheel steel, but if the content is too high, the hot ductility of the steel material is increased, and the manufacturing difficulty is increased, so that the Cu is controlled to be 0.30-0.70%, more preferably 0.45-0.55%.
Sn can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the wheel steel, can significantly inhibit the generation of starting oxidation points where fatigue cracks occur, and can improve the formation of corrosion-resistant fatigue cracks of the wheel, and if the content is too low, these effects cannot be achieved. If the content is too high, the hot ductility of the steel material is affected and the production becomes difficult, so that Sn should be controlled to 0.60 to 0.80%, more preferably 0.70%.
N can form stable nitride in high temperature region, and the nitride has pinning effect, can inhibit austenite grain coarse, and refine steel structure, so N is controlled at 50-100ppm, more preferably 70-80ppm.
P and S are impurity elements, so the content thereof should be controlled to not more than 0.012%.
The invention provides a production method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel, which comprises the following process flows: electric furnace smelting, LF furnace, RH furnace refining, continuous casting round billet forming, blanking, billet heating, wheel rolling, slow cooling, heat treatment, sampling inspection, machining, online detection, finished product detection, packaging and warehousing.
The heat treatment comprises the following steps:
1) Heating the blank wheel in a quenching heating furnace;
2) Quenching by spraying water;
3) And (5) tempering.
Step 1) the blank wheel is put into a quenching heating furnace to be heated specifically as follows: the preheating temperature is 760-820 ℃, the heating section temperature is 820-880 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 840-880 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.0-2.0h.
In the step 1), the blank wheel is put into a quenching heating furnace to be heated specifically as follows: the quenching heating furnace uniformly rotates, the wheels are kept rotating in the quenching heating furnace in the rotating process of the quenching heating furnace, the quenching heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, the wheels are guaranteed to be heated uniformly, the time of the wheels in the quenching heating furnace is 1.5-3.0 hours, and then the wheels are discharged and transported to a quenching table for quenching through a manipulator.
The water spray quenching in the step 2) is specifically as follows: the wheels are driven by a quenching table driving head to rotate, the heated wheel tread is sprayed by a spray nozzle, and the water flow is controlled to be 28-30m 3 And/min, spraying water for 280-480s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃ per second.
Step 3) tempering means: the tempering temperature is controlled to be 480-540 ℃, the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 4 hours, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) On one hand, cu atoms can be enriched on the surface of the steel by redeposited particles, so that the wheel steel matrix is passivated, the dissolution speed of the steel is reduced, pit nucleation is inhibited, and the effective elements of the corrosion resistance of the steel are improved; on the other hand Sn can form compact SnO on the surface of steel 2 The corrosion product protective film has obvious effect on improving the corrosion resistance of steel; the interaction between the two can further effectively prevent the interaction between the matrix and the corrosive medium, and inhibit the corrosion of steel in the medium.
2) Cu can produce precipitation hardening effect in the heat treatment process of the invention, can improve the hardenability of steel and the electrode potential of a matrix, and can increase the wear resistance of wheel steel.
3) Compared with the conventional material wheel steel, the C-Sn-Cu corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel prepared by the invention is added with Sn and Cu elements, adopts AlN refined grains, can obviously improve the high hardness level, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the wheel by matching with the heat treatment process in the invention, has good comprehensive performance, and has good effect on relieving the serious problems of atmospheric corrosion and abrasion in the operation of the wheel. Meanwhile, the wheel manufactured by the invention can maintain the ferrite-pearlite structure state of the original wheel, and the difficulty of wheel preparation is not increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a wheel rim of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure of a wheel rim of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of oxidation rates for samples of examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 4 is a rolling frictional wear coupon;
FIG. 5 shows total weight loss (sum of weight loss of upper and lower samples) of the rolling samples of examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn, 0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The wheel production method comprises the following steps:
electric furnace smelting, LF furnace, RH furnace refining, continuous casting round billet forming, blanking, billet heating, wheel rolling, slow cooling, heat treatment, sampling inspection, machining, online detection, finished product detection, packaging and warehousing.
The heat treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), preheating and heating at 760-820 ℃, then heating at 820-880 ℃, and finally keeping the temperature at 840-880 ℃ for 1.0-2.0h.
Step 2), the quenching heating furnace uniformly rotates, wheels are kept self-transmitting in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, the wheels are uniformly heated, the time of the wheels in the quenching furnace is 1.5-3.0 hours, and then the wheels are discharged and transported to a quenching table for quenching through a manipulator; the wheels are driven by a quenching table driving head to rotate, the heated wheel tread is sprayed by a spray nozzle, and the water flow is controlled to be 28-30m 3 And/min, spraying water for 280-480s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃ per second.
And 3) the quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled to be 480-540 ℃, the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 4 hours, and then the wheels are cooled to room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
Example 1
A corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the chemical components with the mass percentages shown in a table 1, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities which are not shown in the table 1.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 100 ton ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, performing LF+RH refining and vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting into round billets with the diameter of 380mm, forming continuous casting round billets, blanking, heating billets, rolling wheels, slow cooling, heat treatment, sampling and checking, and machining to form wheels with the outer diameter of 840 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature is 780 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 820 ℃, the temperature of the final heat preservation section is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 2.5 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.5 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels are kept self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, enabling the wheels to rotate under the drive of a quenching table driving head, spraying the heated wheel tread by a spray nozzle, and controlling the water flow to be 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s-8 ℃/s. The quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled at 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4.5h, and then the wheels are cooled to room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the mass percentages of the chemical components are shown in table 1, and the balance not shown in table 1 is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 100 ton ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, performing LF+RH refining and vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting into round billets with the diameter of 380mm, forming continuous casting round billets, blanking, heating billets, rolling wheels, slow cooling, heat treatment, sampling and checking, and machining to form wheels with the outer diameter of 840 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature is 780 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 820 ℃, the temperature of the final heat preservation section is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 2.5 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.5 hours, and the quenching is carried outThe fire heating furnace uniformly rotates, and wheels are kept self-transmitting in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and both the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, enabling the wheels to rotate under the drive of a quenching table driving head, spraying the heated wheel tread by a spray nozzle, and controlling the water flow to be 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s-8 ℃/s. The quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled at 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4.5h, and then the wheels are cooled to the room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
The hardness and texture analysis of the wheels of example 1, comparative example 1 were carried out according to BS EN13262 requirements for railway applications-wheel set and bogie-wheel-product, according to GB/T231.1 section 1 of the metal brinell hardness test: test method for hardness measurement, and metallographic structure detection according to GB/T13298 Metal microstructure inspection method. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the metallographic structure of the wheel rim prepared in this example is fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, and the grain size of the example is significantly smaller than that of the comparative example. The mechanical properties of the wheels of this example are shown in Table 2, and the corrosion resistance, the high hardness and the abrasion resistance of the wheels are remarkably improved compared with those of the wheels of the comparative example.
The oxidation resistance was measured for examples and comparative examples according to GB/T13303 method for measuring oxidation resistance of Steel, and FIG. 3 shows that the oxidation rate of examples is significantly lower than that of comparative examples.
The wheel wear resistance was evaluated according to standard YB/T5345 test method for Rolling contact fatigue of Metal Material, the test was performed by the same material in a double wheel pair rolling contact manner (FIG. 4), the test was performed in a dry friction state until 500000 revolutions were completed, each group of samples was measured 3 times, and the average value was taken, and the results are shown in FIG. 5. The abrasion loss of the wheel test pieces of this example was significantly reduced as compared with the wheel of comparative example 1, and as shown in fig. 5, it was seen that the abrasion resistance of this example was superior to that of the comparative example.
Example 2
A corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the chemical components with the mass percentages shown in a table 1, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities which are not shown in the table 1.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 100-ton ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, performing LF+RH refining and vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting into a round billet with the diameter of 380mm, continuously casting the round billet, forming, blanking, heating a billet, rolling wheels, slowly cooling, performing heat treatment, sampling and checking, and machining to form the wheel with the outer diameter of 920 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 840 ℃, the temperature of the final heat preservation section is 880 ℃, the total heating time is 2.5 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.5 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels are kept self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, enabling the wheels to rotate under the drive of a quenching table driving head, spraying the heated wheel tread by a spray nozzle, and controlling the water flow to be 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s-8 ℃/s. The quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled at 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, and then the wheels are cooled to room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the mass percentages of the chemical components are shown in table 1, and the balance not shown in table 1 is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 100-ton ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, performing LF+RH refining and vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting into a round billet with the diameter of 380mm, continuously casting the round billet, forming, blanking, heating a billet, rolling wheels, slowly cooling, performing heat treatment, sampling and checking, and machining to form the wheel with the outer diameter of 920 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 840 ℃, the temperature of the final heat preservation section is 880 ℃, the total heating time is 3.0 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.5 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels are kept self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching and turningThe wheel rotates under the drive of the quenching table driving head, the spray nozzle sprays the heated wheel tread, and the water flow is controlled at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s-8 ℃/s. The quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled at 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, and then the wheels are cooled to room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
Hardness and texture analysis were performed on example 2, comparative example 2 according to BS EN13262 requirements for railway applications-wheel set and bogie-wheel-product requirements, according to GB/T231.1 section 1 of the metal brinell hardness test: test method for hardness measurement, and metallographic structure detection according to GB/T13298 Metal microstructure inspection method. The metallographic structure, grain size, tensile property and hardness rule of the wheel rim of the example 2 are the same as those of the wheel rim of the example 1, and the corrosion resistance index is shown in the table 2, so that the corrosion resistance, the strong hardness and the wear resistance are obviously improved compared with those of the wheel of the comparative example.
The oxidation resistance was measured for examples and comparative examples according to GB/T13303 method for measuring oxidation resistance of Steel, and FIG. 3 shows that the oxidation rate of examples is significantly lower than that of comparative examples.
The wheel wear resistance was evaluated according to standard YB/T5345 test method for Rolling contact fatigue of Metal Material, the test was performed by the same material in a double wheel pair rolling contact manner (FIG. 4), the test was performed in a dry friction state until 500000 revolutions were completed, each group of samples was measured 3 times, and the average value was taken, and the results are shown in FIG. 5. The abrasion loss of the wheel test pieces of this example was significantly reduced as compared with the wheel of comparative example 1, and as shown in fig. 5, it was seen that the abrasion resistance of this example was superior to that of the comparative example.
Example 3
A corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the chemical components with the mass percentages shown in a table 1, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities which are not shown in the table 1.
The mass percentages of the chemical components of the examples are shown in Table 1, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, which are not shown in Table 1.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 100 ton ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, performing LF+RH refining and vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting into round billets with phi of 380mm, forming continuous casting round billets, blanking, heating billets, rolling wheels, slow cooling, heat treatment, sampling and checking, and machining to form wheels with the outer diameter of 970 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature is 780 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 820 ℃, the temperature of the final heat preservation section is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 3.0 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 2.0 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels are kept self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, enabling the wheels to rotate under the drive of a quenching table driving head, spraying the heated wheel tread by a spray nozzle, and controlling the water flow to be 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/s-8 ℃/s. The quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled at 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, and then the wheels are cooled to room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 the mass percentages of the chemical components are shown in table 1, and the balance not shown in table 1 is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 100 ton ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, performing LF+RH refining and vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting into round billets with the diameter of 380mm, forming continuous casting round billets, blanking, heating billets, rolling wheels, slow cooling, heat treatment, sampling and checking, and machining to form wheels with the outer diameter of 840 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating temperature is 780 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 820 ℃, the temperature of the final heat preservation section is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 3.0 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 2.0 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels are kept self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, enabling the wheels to rotate under the drive of a quenching table driving head, spraying the heated wheel tread by a spray nozzle, and controlling the water flow to be 28m 3 /min，The water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at the cooling speed of 3 ℃/s-8 ℃/s. The quenched wheels enter a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, the temperature of the tempering furnace is controlled at 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, and then the wheels are cooled to room temperature after being discharged from the furnace.
Hardness and texture analysis were performed on example 3, comparative example 3 according to BS EN13262 requirements for railway applications-wheel set and bogie-wheel-product requirements, according to GB/T231.1 section 1 of the metal brinell hardness test: test method for hardness measurement, and metallographic structure detection according to GB/T13298 Metal microstructure inspection method. The metallographic structure of the wheel rim prepared in the embodiment is basically consistent with that of the wheel of the comparative example, and the metallographic structure of the wheel rim is fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, and the grain size of the embodiment is obviously smaller than that of the comparative example. The mechanical properties of the wheels of this example are shown in Table 2, and the corrosion resistance, the high hardness and the abrasion resistance of the wheels are remarkably improved compared with those of the wheels of the comparative example.
The oxidation resistance was measured for examples and comparative examples according to GB/T13303 method for measuring oxidation resistance of Steel, and FIG. 3 shows that the oxidation rate of examples is significantly lower than that of comparative examples.
The wheel wear resistance was evaluated according to standard YB/T5345 test method for Rolling contact fatigue of Metal Material, the test was performed by the same material in a double wheel pair rolling contact manner (FIG. 4), the test was performed in a dry friction state until 500000 revolutions were completed, each group of samples was measured 3 times, and the average value was taken, and the results are shown in FIG. 5. The abrasion loss of the wheel test pieces of this example was significantly reduced as compared with the wheel of comparative example 3, and as shown in fig. 5, it was seen that the abrasion resistance of this example was superior to that of the comparative example.
Table 1 wheel compositions of examples and comparative examples (N unit: ppm, remaining wt%)
Table 2 mechanical properties of wheel rims manufactured in examples and comparative examples
The invention obviously improves the strong hardness level, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the wheel, and has good comprehensive performance.
Claims (10)
1. The corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn, 0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
2. The corrosion and wear resistant wheel of claim 1, comprising the following components in mass percent:
0.55-0.75% of C, 0.30-0.40% of Si, 0.75-0.85% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.70% of Sn, 0.45-0.55% of Cu, 0.020-0.030% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 70-80ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The corrosion and wear resistant wheel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition of the corrosion and wear resistant wheel satisfies: the corrosion resistance index I is more than or equal to 12.1, and I=15Sn+7.5Cu+1.2Cr+122N.
4. The anti-corrosion and anti-wear wheel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the structure state of the anti-corrosion and anti-wear wheel is fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite structure, and the grain size is equal to or more than 7.5.
5. A method for producing a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the production method comprises a heat treatment, in particular:
1) Heating the blank wheel in a quenching heating furnace;
2) Quenching by spraying water;
3) And (5) tempering.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the blank wheel in step 1) is heated in a quenching furnace specifically: the preheating temperature is 760-820 ℃, the heating section temperature is 820-880 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 840-880 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.0-2.0h.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in step 1), the blank wheel is heated in a quenching furnace specifically: the quenching furnace uniformly rotates, and the wheels are kept rotating in the quenching furnace in the rotating process of the quenching furnace, and both the quenching furnace and the wheels rotate in the anticlockwise direction.
8. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in step 1), the wheel is in the quenching furnace for 1.5 to 3.0 hours.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the water spray quenching in step 2) is specifically: the water flow is controlled between 28 and 30m 3 And/min, spraying water for 280-480s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated to be cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃ per second.
10. The method according to claim 5, wherein the tempering in step 3) means: the tempering temperature is controlled to be 480-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 4 hours.
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