CN115896560A - High-performance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a high-performance aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.5 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.52 to 0.58 percent of Mg, 0.10 to 0.20 percent of Ti and 0.000 to 0.2000 percent of Fe, and the amount of the alloy consists of Al and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable in design, the range of the element Mg is narrowed within the range of the components required by the national standard, and on the basis, a corresponding smelting process is established, wherein the smelting process comprises smelting temperature, components, a refining process and the like, so that the high-performance aluminum alloy material has a high-performance chemical basis; on the basis, by setting a reasonable solid solution aging treatment process, the high-performance aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical property is obtained, and the requirements of the aerospace field on the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a high-performance aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The development of light weight structure is promoted by increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, and the application of aluminum alloy to various structural products instead of steel materials is a great trend. The development of modern science and technology puts forward higher and higher requirements on material performance, particularly, airplanes, satellites and the like which are light, flexible and excellent in performance need to be manufactured in the field of aerospace, and the aluminum alloy and the composite material thereof just can meet the requirements in the aspect. With the expansion of the application range of the aluminum alloy, higher requirements are also placed on the mechanical property and the processing property of the aluminum alloy.
At present, most researchers mainly take the solution aging process, and improve the performance of the aluminum alloy by optimizing the solution aging process, in the aluminum alloy, as precipitates of different types and different sizes are precipitated in the whole solution aging process, different reactions are generated to dislocations, generally, dislocations bypass the mechanism when passing through the precipitates with larger sizes, and cut the mechanism when passing through the precipitates with smaller sizes, and the different strengthening mechanisms enable the alloy to have different strengthening performances, so the types, sizes and distribution of the precipitates have important influence on the mechanical performance of the alloy.
The ZL114A aluminum alloy is a product developed by increasing the content of alloy element magnesium on the basis of ZL101A, and has excellent casting performance. Its corrosion resistance and other technological properties are similar to those of ZL 101. The existing ZL114A aluminum alloy has the problem of unsatisfactory mechanical property, and is difficult to meet the requirements of the aerospace field on the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material.
Therefore, how to develop a new and high-performance ZL114A aluminum alloy material to meet the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material in the aerospace field becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, in the high-performance aluminum alloy material, the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, in the high-performance aluminum alloy material, the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Solution treatment: putting the aluminum alloy into a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 530-540 ℃ at a constant speed within 1-3 h, then preserving the temperature for 10-14 h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching on the aluminum alloy after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10-20 min;
3) First time aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy to 118-122 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.2-0.5 h, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy subjected to air cooling to 158-162 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.4-0.8 h, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4-5 h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Further, in the step 1), the batching and smelting process of the aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
1) Setting the temperature of the aluminum liquid: setting the molten aluminum in the crucible furnace at 760 ℃, and controlling the temperature of furnace gas at a corresponding temperature;
2) Adding silicon until the aluminum liquid in the crucible reaches 700 ℃, starting to add the crystalline silicon, immediately stirring after adding the crystalline silicon until the alloy is completely wrapped by the aluminum liquid, wherein the melting time of the alloy is 30-40 min, and stirring once every 10-15 min within the melting time;
6) Adding magnesium: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 680 ℃, pressing a magnesium block into the aluminum liquid by using a preheated bell jar, and prohibiting the bell jar from leaving the liquid level during the melting of the magnesium block;
7) Adding a titanium agent: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 730 ℃, adding a titanium agent, fully reacting the aluminum liquid on the surface of the aluminum liquid, fully stirring after 30min, and controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 760 ℃;
8) Melting the alloy: keeping the temperature at 760 ℃ for 30-40 min until all the alloy elements are melted;
9) Primary degassing: the gas flow valve is opened at first, the flow is adjusted to be small at this moment, and the equipment automatically runs and then is adjusted to be proper; degassing parameter setting: the distance between the rotor and the crucible bottom is 100-150 mm; degassing gas is liquid argon, or the degassing parameters of argon on two sides of degassing are set as follows: the time is 40min, and the flow rate is 1.2-1.5 m 3 Setting the rotating speed at 400r/min and the gas outlet pressure at 0.03-0.07 Mpa;
10 Add slag-removing agent: after the degasser is started for 1-2 min, uniformly scattering G5550 granular deslagging agent on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
11 ) degassing is finished: after 40min, after the warning light is turned on after degassing is finished, cleaning the slag on the rotor, moving out the degassing machine, and then closing the gas valve;
12 Slagging: lightly stirring the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a preheated slag fishing tool, then collecting the aluminum slag together, and fishing out the slag by using the slag fishing tool;
13 Secondary degassing): setting parameters: the time is 20min, the flow is 1.2-1.5m3// h, the rotating speed is set to be 400r/min, and the air outlet pressure is 0.03-0.07 Mpa;
14 Addition of alterants and refiners: immediately putting the preheated aluminum-strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy into the aluminum liquid after degassing starting;
15 Add slag-removing agent: after the degasser is started for 1-2 min, uniformly scattering 200G of G5550 granular deslagging agent on the surface of the molten aluminum;
16 Stirring and slag removing: lightly stirring the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a preheated slag fishing tool, then collecting the aluminum slag together, and fishing out the slag by using the slag fishing tool;
17 Chemical composition analysis of the sample: if the chemical components are unqualified, the method for adjusting the added elements is the same as the above method, and then degassing and stirring are carried out until the chemical components are qualified.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature is raised to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 1-3 h, and then the temperature is kept for 10-14 h, and the solution treatment is carried out.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature is uniformly increased to 535 ℃ within 2h, and then the temperature is kept for 12h for solution treatment.
Further, in the step 2), water-cooling quenching is carried out by using room temperature water at 50-60 ℃, and the quenching time is 15min.
Further, in the step 3), the quenched aluminum alloy is heated to 120 ℃ within 0.2-0.5 h at a constant speed, and the first aging treatment is carried out at the temperature for 3h; and after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Further, in the step 4), the aluminum alloy after air cooling is heated to 160 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.4-0.8 h, and secondary aging treatment is carried out at the temperature for 4.5h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable in design, and firstly, in the range of the national standard required components, the range of the element Mg is narrowed through parameter matching, and the content of the element Mg is limited to be 0.52-0.58% from the range of 0.45-0.75%; on the basis, corresponding smelting processes including smelting temperature, components, refining processes and the like are established, so that the smelting process has a high-performance chemical basis. On the basis, by setting a reasonable solution aging treatment process, the high-performance aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties (the tensile strength is more than or equal to 350MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 6%) is obtained, and the requirements of the aerospace field on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material are met.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time in the practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions will be described clearly and completely in the following with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot into a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 530-540 ℃ at a constant speed within 1-3 h, then preserving the temperature for 10-14 h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water cooling quenching on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution treatment at 50-60 ℃, wherein the quenching time is 10-20 min;
3) First time aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118-122 ℃ within 0.2-0.5 h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature; and (3) before the aging treatment is carried out, the furnace temperature is confirmed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, and after the aging time reaches the specified time, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is immediately lifted out and is forbidden to stay in the aging furnace.
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 158-162 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.4-0.8 h, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4-5 h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature. And (3) confirming that the furnace temperature is less than or equal to 100 ℃ before the aging treatment is carried out, immediately hoisting the aluminum alloy cast ingot out after the aging time reaches the specified time, and forbidding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to stay in the aging furnace.
The specific batching and smelting process of the aluminum alloy ingot as the object to be subjected to solid solution aging treatment comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) calculating the burden ratio: the proportion of the aluminum ingot is 100 percent, the mass silicon crystallized silicon is less than or equal to 30 multiplied by 30mm, the mass silicon is less than or equal to 30g, and the silicon powder is discarded; b. recording the weight of the ingredients in an ingredient list and recording the serial numbers; c. the used materials are dried in the air and then used; d. the ingredients are calculated according to the mass percentage of the chemical components.
2) Weighing alloy materials: a. calculating the weight of each aluminum ingot; b, weighing the reclaimed materials by using an electronic scale; weighing crystalline silicon, magnesium ingot, titanium agent, aluminum-strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy by using an electronic scale; c. a tolerance range of ± 0.5% of the weight is allowed.
3) Checking equipment: a. if the crucible is damaged, the crucible is immediately replaced if the crucible is damaged; b. whether the ammeter data are normal or not; c. whether the thermocouple and the protection tube are normal or not; d. whether the deaerator operates normally or not; e. the diameter of the rotor is less than 180mm, and the slag stopping plate is damaged seriously and is replaced immediately.
4) Setting the temperature of the aluminum liquid: the molten aluminum in the crucible furnace is set at 760 ℃, and the temperature of furnace gas is controlled at a corresponding temperature. Feeding materials into the crucible, adding the recycled materials, cleaning, strictly preventing iron, sand, oil stain, aluminum scraps and the like from entering melting, and then feeding aluminum ingots. Safety measures are as follows: the recycled materials are gently thrown into the crucible, the crucible is easily broken due to overlarge impact, the recycled materials with moisture are dried and thrown into the crucible again, and aluminum liquid in the crucible is splashed to hurt people due to the moisture. Before adding the aluminum ingot, the aluminum ingot needs to be ensured to have no moisture, the aluminum ingot is put into a crucible furnace to enter lightly, and a large impact crucible is easy to break to cause the overflow of aluminum liquid. When a drop of water drops meets the aluminum liquid with the temperature of 700 ℃, the drop of water drops instantly expands to 6000 times of volume to generate aluminum liquid explosion, and the drop of water drops is dried before aluminum ingots and recycled materials are fed, so that no moisture is ensured. The tool contacting the aluminum liquid needs to be fully dried and is allowed to be used.
5) Adding silicon until the aluminum liquid in the crucible reaches 700 ℃, starting to add the crystalline silicon, immediately stirring after adding the crystalline silicon until the alloy is completely wrapped by the aluminum liquid, wherein the melting time of the alloy is 30-40 min, and stirring once every 10-15 min within the melting time to achieve the purpose of homogenizing the aluminum liquid alloy.
6) Adding magnesium: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 680 ℃, the preheated bell jar is used for pressing the magnesium block into the aluminum liquid for melting, the time is about 10min, and the bell jar is forbidden to leave the liquid surface during the melting of the magnesium block.
7) Adding a titanium agent: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 730 ℃, adding the titanium agent, fully reacting the aluminum liquid on the surface of the aluminum liquid (not moving the aluminum liquid), and fully stirring after 30min, wherein the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled at 760 ℃.
8) Melting the alloy: keeping the temperature of 760 ℃ for 30-40 min until all the alloy elements are melted.
9) Preparation before degassing: the degassing machine is pushed to the front end of the crucible, the degassing rotor is over against the center of the crucible for standby pushing of the degassing machine at the center of the crucible, attention is paid to whether a barrier is arranged in front of the rotor and the height of the rotor needs to be adjusted, and whether interference exists between the baffle and the edge of the crucible when the baffle falls is confirmed.
10 Degassing parameter settings: the distance between the rotor and the bottom of the crucible is 100 to 150mm, preferably 120 mm. Degassing gas is liquid argon or argon degassing parameters at two sides of degassing are set; for the first time: the time is 40min, and the flow rate is 1.2-1.5 m 3 The rotating speed is set to be 400r/min, and the air outlet pressure is 0.03-0.07 Mpa.
11 Primary degassing): the gas flow valve is opened firstly, the flow is reduced at the moment, and the equipment automatically runs and then is adjusted to the proper flow.
12 Add slag-removing agent: after the degasser is started for 1-2 min, 200G of G5550 granular deslagging agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of the aluminum liquid.
13 ) degassing is finished: after 40min, after the warning light lights after degassing, the degassing machine is moved out after the rotor slag is cleaned up, and then the gas valve is closed, if the gas source is closed in advance, the rotor hole is easily blocked by aluminum.
14 Slagging: lightly stirring the aluminum liquid surface by using a preheated slag fishing tool, then collecting the aluminum slag together, and fishing the slag by using the slag fishing tool.
15 Secondary degassing): setting parameters: the time is 20min, and the flow rate is 1.2-1.5 m 3 The rotating speed is set to be 400r/min, and the air outlet pressure is 0.03-0.07 Mpa.
16 Addition of alterants and refiners: and immediately putting the preheated aluminum-strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy into the aluminum liquid after degassing starting.
17 Add slag-removing agent: after the degasser is started for 1-2 min, 200G of G5550 granular deslagging agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of the aluminum liquid.
18 Stirring and slag removing: lightly stirring the aluminum liquid surface by using a preheated slag fishing tool, then collecting the aluminum slag together, and fishing the slag by using the slag fishing tool.
19 Chemical composition analysis of the sample: if the chemical components are unqualified, the element adding method is adjusted according to the aluminum liquid unqualified adjusting method, and degassing and stirring are carried out until the chemical components are qualified.
20 Record sample block number: the oil pen is used for clearly and accurately writing on the sample according to the serial number of the dosage list.
21 Pin hole density experiments were done: and (5) standing the aluminum liquid for 10min. And (4) operating according to a pinhole density experimental specification, and judging that the product is qualified when the standard grade is more than 2. Density determination standard (not less than 2.63 g/cm) 3 Qualified).
The following embodiments are relevant to the present invention:
example 1
The embodiment provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, and chemical components in the high-performance aluminum alloy material are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 15min;
3) First time aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 120 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 160 ℃ within 0.5h at a constant speed, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4.5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
This example provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which contains the chemical components as in example 1.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 530 ℃ at a constant speed within 2.5h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10min;
3) First time aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3.5h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 158 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.5h, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
This embodiment provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which contains the chemical components as in embodiment 1.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 540 ℃ at a constant speed within 2.5h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 20min;
3) First time aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 122 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 162 ℃ within 0.5h at a constant speed, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, and chemical components in the high-performance aluminum alloy material are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 15min;
3) First aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 120 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 160 ℃ within 0.5h at a constant speed, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4.5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, and the chemical components of the high-performance aluminum alloy material are as in embodiment 2.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 530 ℃ at a constant speed within 2.5h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10min;
3) First time aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3.5h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 158 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.5h, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, and the chemical components of the high-performance aluminum alloy material are as in embodiment 2.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 540 ℃ at a constant speed within 2.5h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 20min;
3) First aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 122 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 162 ℃ within 0.5h at a constant speed, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, and chemical components in the high-performance aluminum alloy material are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 535 ℃ at a constant speed within 2h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 15min;
3) First aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 120 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 160 ℃ within 0.5h at a constant speed, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4.5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 8
This example provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which contains the chemical components as in example 7.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 530 ℃ at a constant speed within 2.5h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 10min;
3) First aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 3.5h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 158 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.5h, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 5h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
Example 9
This example provides a high-performance aluminum alloy material, which contains the same chemical components as in example 7.
The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) Solution treatment: placing the aluminum alloy ingot in a solution furnace, raising the temperature to 540 ℃ at a constant speed within 2.5h, then preserving the temperature for 12h, and carrying out solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching at 55 ℃ on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution, wherein the quenching time is 20min;
3) First aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 122 ℃ within 0.25h at a constant speed, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 162 ℃ within 0.5h at a constant speed, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
The performance tests of the aluminum alloy materials subjected to solution aging treatment in examples 1 to 9 were carried out according to GB/T15115 to 2016, and the test results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The high-performance aluminum alloy material is characterized in that the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The high-performance aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The high-performance aluminum alloy material of claim 2, wherein the high-performance aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
the balance is made up of Al and unavoidable impurities.
4. The production method of a high-performance aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) Solution treatment: putting the aluminum alloy ingot into a solid solution furnace, raising the temperature to 530-540 ℃ at a constant speed within 1-3 h, then preserving the temperature for 10-14 h, and carrying out solid solution treatment;
2) Quenching: carrying out water-cooling quenching on the aluminum alloy ingot after the solid solution treatment, wherein the quenching time is 10-20 min;
3) First aging treatment: raising the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy ingot to 118-122 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.2-0.5 h, and carrying out primary aging treatment at the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h; after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature;
4) And (3) secondary aging treatment: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling to 158-162 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.4-0.8 h, and carrying out secondary aging treatment at the temperature for 4-5 h; and after the second aging treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
5. The preparation method of claim 4, wherein in the step 1), the batching and smelting process of the aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
1) Setting the temperature of the aluminum liquid: setting the molten aluminum in the crucible furnace at 760 ℃, and controlling the temperature of furnace gas at a corresponding temperature;
2) Adding silicon until the aluminum liquid in the crucible reaches 700 ℃, starting to add the crystalline silicon, immediately stirring after adding the crystalline silicon until the alloy is completely wrapped by the aluminum liquid, wherein the melting time of the alloy is 30-40 min, and stirring once every 10-15 min within the melting time;
6) Adding magnesium: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 680 ℃, pressing a magnesium block into the aluminum liquid by using a preheated bell jar, and prohibiting the bell jar from leaving the liquid level during the melting of the magnesium block;
7) Adding a titanium agent: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 730 ℃, adding a titanium agent, fully reacting the titanium agent on the surface of the aluminum liquid, fully stirring after 30min, and controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 760 ℃;
8) Melting the alloy: keeping the temperature at 760 ℃ for 30-40 min until all the alloy elements are melted;
9) Primary degassing: the gas flow valve is opened at first, the flow is adjusted to be small at this moment, and the equipment automatically runs and then is adjusted to be proper; degassing parameter setting: the distance between the rotor and the crucible bottom is 100-150 mm; degassing gas is liquid argon, or the degassing parameters of argon on two sides of degassing are set as follows: the time is 40min, and the flow rate is 1.2-1.5 m 3 V/h, setting the rotating speed at 400r/min and the air outlet pressure at 0.03-0.07 Mpa;
10 Add slag-removing agent: after the degasser is started for 1-2 min, uniformly scattering G5550 granular deslagging agent on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
11 ) degassing is finished: after 40min, after the warning light is turned on after degassing, the degassing machine is moved out after the rotor slag is cleaned up, and then the gas valve is closed;
12 Slagging: lightly stirring the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a preheated slag fishing tool, then collecting the aluminum slag together, and fishing out the slag by using the slag fishing tool;
13 Secondary degassing): setting parameters: the time is 20min, the flow is 1.2-1.5m3// h, the rotating speed is set to be 400r/min, and the air outlet pressure is 0.03-0.07 Mpa;
14 Addition of alterants and refiners: immediately putting the preheated aluminum-strontium alloy and TCB seed crystal alloy into the aluminum liquid after degassing starting;
15 Add slag-removing agent: after the degasser is started for 1-2 min, 200G of G5550 granular deslagging agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
16 Stirring and slag fishing: lightly stirring the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a preheated slag fishing tool, then collecting the aluminum slag together, and fishing out the slag by using the slag fishing tool;
17 Chemical composition analysis of the sample: if the chemical components are unqualified, the method for adjusting the added elements is the same as the above method, and then degassing and stirring are carried out until the chemical components are qualified.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the step 1), the temperature is uniformly raised to 535 ℃ within 1-3 h, and then the temperature is kept for 10-14 h for solution treatment.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the temperature is uniformly raised to 535 ℃ within 2 hours, and then the temperature is kept for 12 hours for solution treatment.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2), water-cooling quenching is performed by using room-temperature water at 50-60 ℃, and the quenching time is 15min.
9. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3), the quenched aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 120 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.2-0.5 h, and the first aging treatment is carried out at the temperature for 3h; and after the first time effect treatment is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
10. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the step 4), the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot after air cooling is raised to 160 ℃ at a constant speed within 0.4-0.8 h, and the second aging treatment is carried out at the temperature for 4.5h.
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