CN115895706B - Waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving pyrolysis oil quality - Google Patents
Waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving pyrolysis oil quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a conical hopper, a preheating screw, a water suction module, a carbon black high-temperature activation module, a pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module, a pyrolysis oil gas condensation module, a negative pressure fan, a hot blast stove, a heat conduction oil circulation module and a smoke circulation module. According to the invention, the water in the waste organic polymer particles is removed by preheating the heat conducting oil, so that the water content of pyrolysis oil is greatly reduced, the pyrolysis temperature is reduced, and the yield of pyrolysis oil is improved; further, the flash point of pyrolysis oil is improved by adopting a high-temperature condensation cutting mode of heat conduction oil, and the storage and transportation cost is reduced; the temperature and flow of the heat conduction oil are controlled through the heat conduction oil circulation module, so that the temperature of the condensed oil in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module and the temperature of the waste organic polymer particles after preheating by the preheating screw are accurately controlled; the temperature uniformity of the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module is realized through the flue gas circulation module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless and resource utilization of solid wastes, in particular to a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil.
Background
With the development of economy in China, the typical waste organic polymer products mainly comprising waste resin plates, waste plastics and waste rubber are increased, and the waste has the characteristics of difficult degradation and great environmental pollution, but mainly comprises elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like, has higher heat value, can be recycled, and has good economic value.
The existing recycling utilization mode of the waste organic polymer is mainly pyrolysis, and the waste organic polymer is pyrolyzed into solid carbon black, pyrolysis oil and noncondensable gas in an anaerobic environment. The pyrolysis modes include micro negative pressure pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, hydropyrolysis and the like, and the adopted devices are mainly rotary kilns and moving beds. For example, chinese patent document CN103524781a discloses a rotary kiln thermal cracking system for waste plastic rubber treatment, in which a rotary kiln cracker is used to decompose waste plastic rubber; the chinese patent publication No. CN104772103a discloses a mobile pyrolysis reaction device, which comprises a pyrolysis reaction chamber, a heat source bed body located in the pyrolysis reaction chamber, and a moving assembly matched with the heat source bed body, so as to facilitate continuous production of pyrolysis process.
Because the waste organic polymer particles have poor heat conducting property, in order to improve the pyrolysis rate, a mode of improving the pyrolysis temperature is generally adopted, so that pyrolysis oil gas is reconstructed at a high temperature, and the yield of the pyrolysis oil is reduced. At present, a low-temperature water cooling mode is adopted for condensation of pyrolysis oil gas, so that liquid phase components in the pyrolysis oil gas are fully condensed at one time, and the flash point of the pyrolysis oil is low, and the storage and transportation cost is high. The waste organic polymer particles generally contain 1% -2% of water, and the water is condensed into pyrolysis oil after pyrolysis, so that the pyrolysis oil contains water, the pyrolysis oil is complex in component, and the water in the oil is easy to emulsify and difficult to separate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low yield, low flash point, water content of pyrolysis oil and the like of the existing waste organic polymer particles, the invention provides a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil, which can improve the yield and the flash point of the pyrolysis oil, reduce the water content of the pyrolysis oil and realize the efficient and high-added-value recycling of the waste organic polymer.
A waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving pyrolysis oil quality, comprising:
the conical hopper is used for storing the waste organic polymer particles, and the bottom of the conical hopper is connected with the preheating screw;
the preheating screw is used for uniformly preheating the waste organic polymer particles through heat conduction oil, the water in the waste organic polymer particles is removed in the preheating process, the temperature of the heat conduction oil is 180-200 ℃, and the temperature of the waste organic polymer particles after the preheating is 140-160 ℃;
the water suction module is used for sucking water preheated and evaporated by the waste organic polymer particles in the preheating screw to the hot blast stove and discharging the waste organic polymer particles to the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module;
the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles is used for pyrolyzing the waste organic polymer particles into carbon black and pyrolysis oil gas at a lower temperature of 400-450 ℃, and conveying the carbon black and pyrolysis oil gas to the carbon black high-temperature activation module and the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module through a carbon black outlet and a pyrolysis oil gas outlet respectively;
the carbon black high-temperature activation module is used for carrying out high-temperature grinding activation on the carbon black output by the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module;
the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module is used for controlling the high-temperature condensing temperature of pyrolysis oil gas to 170-190 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of heat conduction oil, improving the flash point of the condensed oil to be more than or equal to 60 ℃ so as to condense the high-flash point oil, and enabling the low-flash point oil gas to enter the pyrolysis oil gas condensing module for further condensation;
the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module is used for condensing liquid phase components in the low-flash-point oil gas output from the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module and performing gas-liquid separation on the condensed oil mist;
the negative pressure fan is used for sucking the noncondensable gas processed by the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module to the hot blast stove, and keeping the waste organic polymer particles pyrolyzed under micro negative pressure;
the hot blast stove is used for burning non-condensable gas conveyed by the negative pressure fan and generating high-temperature flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles;
the heat conduction oil circulation module is used for absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas output by the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles and the waste heat of pyrolysis oil gas in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module through heat conduction oil and realizing the temperature control cutting of the pyrolysis oil gas in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module and the dehydration and the preheating of the waste organic polymer particles in the preheating screw;
and the smoke circulation module is used for controlling part of smoke output by the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module to be mixed with high-temperature smoke output by the hot blast stove and then inputting the mixed smoke into the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module, so that the temperature of the smoke entering the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module is reduced, the smoke quantity is improved, and the pyrolysis temperature is uniform.
In order to ensure the preheating effect of the waste organic polymer particles, preferably, the preheating screw comprises a material conveying screw, a heat conducting oil heating jacket sleeved outside the material conveying screw, a variable frequency motor fixed with the input end of the material conveying screw and a temperature measuring point of the waste organic polymer particles arranged at the outlet end of the material conveying screw; the temperature and the flow of the heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil heating jacket are regulated by the heat conduction oil circulation module to control the temperature of the preheated waste organic polymer particles.
In order to avoid pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles in the preheating process, heat conduction oil is preferably adopted for preheating, and the temperature of the heat conduction oil is controlled to be 180-200 ℃. Because the heat capacity of the heat conduction oil is large, the water content of the waste organic polymer particles is low, the temperature drop of the heat conduction oil in the preheating process is small, the temperature of the preheating spiral section is uniform, and the pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles caused by local high temperature is avoided. On the other hand, the heat of the heat conduction oil mainly comes from the tail flue gas waste heat, so that the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced, the utilization rate of the flue gas heat is improved, and the grading utilization of the flue gas heat is realized.
In order to remove the moisture in the waste organic polymer particles, preferably, the moisture suction module comprises a micro negative pressure fan, a micro pressure gauge and a sealing discharge valve, wherein the sealing discharge valve is used for separating the preheating screw and the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module and preventing the water vapor generated by the preheating screw from entering the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module.
Because a small amount of light volatile matters are inevitably separated out in the preheating process of the waste organic polymer particles, the evaporated moisture and the light volatile matters are pumped by a micro negative pressure fan and conveyed to a hot blast stove to be burnt at a high temperature through a pipeline, and environmental pollution and resource waste caused by the discharge of the volatile matters are avoided.
In order to increase the yield of pyrolysis oil, preferably, the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles comprises a central flue gas pipe, a pyrolysis spiral and a jacket flue gas pipe which are sleeved in sequence from inside to outside;
one end of the pyrolysis screw is provided with a preheating waste organic polymer particle inlet, and the other end of the pyrolysis screw is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a carbon black outlet; the inlets of the central flue gas pipe and the jacket flue gas pipe are connected with a flue gas mixer arranged at the outlet of the hot blast stove, and the outlets of the central flue gas pipe and the jacket flue gas pipe are connected with a heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger of the heat conduction oil circulation module.
After the waste organic polymer particles are preheated by a spiral, the temperature can reach 140-160 ℃, the heat required by pyrolysis is reduced, the center and the jacket are adopted for simultaneous heating, the heat exchange area is increased, the heat exchange temperature difference is reduced, the pyrolysis temperature (400-450 ℃) is reduced, the reconstruction of pyrolysis oil gas at high temperature is inhibited, the secondary pyrolysis of the pyrolysis oil gas into a small molecular gas phase component is avoided, and the yield of the pyrolysis oil is improved.
In order to improve the flash point of pyrolysis oil, preferably, pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module include the condensing tower, the condensing tower be equipped with conduction oil cooling heat exchanger, tower cauldron oil temperature measurement station and tower cauldron level gauge, the lower part of condensing tower is through the pipe connection that has the circulating oil pump to a plurality of nozzle groups that condensing tower upper portion set up, the bottom of condensing tower is equipped with the oil drain port, the top of condensing tower is connected to pyrolysis oil gas condensing module through the pipe connection of taking condensing tower export oil gas temperature measurement station.
High-temperature oil gas from the pyrolysis module enters the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module for high-temperature condensation, the pyrolysis oil flash point of the oil discharge port is controlled by utilizing the pyrolysis oil temperature in the heat conduction oil adjusting tower kettle, and the oil gas temperature at the outlet of the condensing tower is monitored. In order to cool pyrolysis oil gas rapidly, the pyrolysis oil gas temperature is reduced by adopting a circulating spray pyrolysis oil reinforced heat exchange mode. In order to realize automatic oil discharge of the condensing tower, a tower kettle liquid level meter is adopted to monitor the oil level in the condensing tower.
In order to ensure that the flash point of the condensed oil in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module is more than or equal to 60 ℃, the lower limit requirement of a temperature window of the condensed oil in the tower kettle is more than or equal to 165 ℃, preferably, a coil heat exchanger is arranged in the tower kettle, the flow of the heat conduction oil is regulated to control the temperature of the condensed oil, and the temperature window of the condensed oil is regulated and controlled according to the flash point of the condensed oil.
In order to reduce liquid phase components in the non-condensable gas, preferably, the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module comprises a horizontal tower kettle, a condenser and a packing tower, wherein the condenser and the packing tower are arranged at the upper end of the horizontal tower kettle; the horizontal tower kettle is provided with a liquid level meter, and the bottom of the horizontal tower kettle is provided with an oil drain port.
The condenser adopts a water-cooling heat exchanger, and reduces the temperature of oil gas to condense liquid phase components into fog drops. The packed tower is filled with silk screen packing for filtering condensed oil mist. In order to realize automatic oil discharge of the horizontal tower kettle, a horizontal tower kettle liquid level gauge is adopted to monitor the oil level in the horizontal tower kettle.
The hot blast stove burns the noncondensable gas to produce high-temperature flue gas which is used for providing heat for pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles, and concretely, the hot blast stove comprises a noncondensable gas pipeline, a combustor, an exhaust gas combustion interface and a flue gas mixer. The water vapor and a small amount of volatile matters pumped out by the water suction module enter the exhaust gas combustion interface for high-temperature treatment and are discharged, and the recycled smoke and the high-temperature smoke generated by non-condensable gas combustion are mixed in the smoke mixer and then enter the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module. Because the temperature of the flue gas required by pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles is 600-700 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas generated by combustion of the non-condensable gas is 1300-1500 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced by mixing cold air or low-temperature flue gas, and the low-temperature flue gas with waste heat is preferably selected for reducing the consumption of the non-condensable gas.
In order to achieve the preheating of the waste organic polymer particles by utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas, preferably, the heat conduction oil circulation module comprises a heat conduction oil tank, an oil-gas separator, a heat conduction oil pump and a heat conduction oil fume heat exchanger;
the outlet of the oil-gas separator is sequentially connected with a heat conduction oil pump, a heat conduction oil cooling heat exchanger, a heat conduction oil fume heat exchanger and a heat conduction oil heating jacket arranged outside the preheating screw through pipelines and then returns to the inlet of the oil-gas separator;
the heat conduction oil pump is connected with the heat conduction oil fume heat exchanger through a pipeline with a heat conduction oil quantity regulating valve; the outlets of the central flue gas pipe and the jacket flue gas pipe are converged through a pipeline and then are divided into two paths, one path is connected with the flue gas inlet of the heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger, and the other path is directly connected with the flue gas outlet of the heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger through a pipeline with a heat exchanger flue gas bypass regulating valve; the central flue gas flow regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline of the central flue gas pipe outlet, and the jacket flue gas flow regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline of the jacket flue gas pipe outlet.
The heat conduction oil quantity regulating valve is used for controlling the heat conduction oil quantity entering the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module, so that the purpose of controlling the temperature of the condensed oil is achieved. The heat exchanger flue gas bypass regulating valve is used for regulating the flue gas quantity passing through the heat conduction flue gas heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the heat conduction oil is regulated, and the temperature of the preheated waste organic polymer particles is controlled.
The heat conduction oil pump, the heat conduction oil quantity regulating valve and the heat exchanger flue gas bypass regulating valve are all connected with the heat conduction oil circulation controller, and the specific control process of the heat conduction oil circulation controller is as follows:
the oil temperature in the condensing tower is regulated by controlling the quantity of heat conduction oil entering the heat conduction oil cooling heat exchanger through the heat conduction oil quantity regulating valve, and the flash point of the condensed oil is controlled; further adjusting the opening of a flue gas bypass adjusting valve of the heat exchanger, controlling the high-temperature flue gas quantity passing through the heat conduction flue gas heat exchanger, and finally realizing that the temperature of the heat conduction oil in the preheating screw is 180-200 ℃.
In order to improve the utilization rate of the heat of the flue gas, preferably, the flue gas circulation module comprises a high-temperature fan, a recirculation flue gas quantity regulating valve and an external flue gas outlet; the flue gas outlet of the heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger is connected with the high-temperature fan through a pipeline and then divided into two paths, one path is connected with the external flue gas outlet, and the other path is connected with the recirculation flue gas quantity regulating valve and then connected with a flue gas mixer arranged at the outlet of the hot blast stove.
The recycling smoke volume is controlled through the recycling smoke volume regulating valve, the smoke volume of the pyrolysis module is increased, the smoke discharging loss is reduced, and meanwhile, the temperature uniformity of the pyrolysis module for the waste organic polymer particles is improved.
The recirculation flue gas volume regulating valve is connected with a flue gas circulation controller, and the specific control process of the flue gas circulation controller is as follows:
the opening degree of a recirculation flue gas quantity regulating valve is regulated according to the temperature of the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles, if the pyrolysis temperature deviation is not more than 10 ℃, the flue gas circulation quantity is reduced if the pyrolysis temperature deviation is too high, and the flue gas circulation quantity is increased if the pyrolysis temperature deviation is too low; if the deviation exceeds 10 ℃, the burner load is increased if it is too low, and the burner load is decreased if it is too high.
The flue gas circulation controller also controls the central flue gas amount regulating valve and the jacket flue gas amount regulating valve, firstly, a preset difference value (5-10 ℃) is set for the temperature difference value of the central flue gas pipe outlet and the jacket flue gas pipe outlet, and if the temperature difference value of the central flue gas pipe outlet and the jacket flue gas pipe outlet is larger than the preset difference value, the flow rate of the central flue gas pipe is reduced, and the flow rate of the jacket flue gas pipe is increased; if the temperature difference between the outlet of the central flue gas pipe and the outlet of the jacket flue gas pipe is smaller than the preset difference, the flow of the central flue gas pipe is increased, and the flow of the jacket flue gas pipe is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the water in the waste organic polymer particles is removed by preheating the heat conducting oil, so that the water content of pyrolysis oil is greatly reduced, the pyrolysis temperature is reduced, and the yield of pyrolysis oil is improved; further adopting a high-temperature condensation cutting mode of the heat conduction oil to improve the flash point of the pyrolysis oil, and reducing the storage and transportation cost of the pyrolysis oil so as to realize the high-efficiency and high-added-value recycling of the waste organic polymer; the temperature and the flow of the heat conduction oil are controlled through the heat conduction oil circulation module, so that the temperature of the condensed oil in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module and the temperature of the waste organic polymer particles after preheating by the preheating screw are accurately controlled; the temperature uniformity of the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module is realized through the flue gas circulation module.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil using waste organic polymer particles according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a weight loss curve of the waste organic polymer particles (waste rubber particles).
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil comprises a conical hopper 1, a preheating screw 2, a moisture suction module 3, a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module 4, a carbon black high-temperature activation module 5, a pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module 6, a pyrolysis oil gas condensation module 7, a negative pressure fan 8, a hot blast stove 9, a heat conduction oil circulation module 10 and a flue gas circulation module 11.
The conical hopper 1 is used for storing waste organic polymer particles, and the bottom of the conical hopper 1 is connected with the preheating screw 2.
The preheating screw 2 comprises a variable frequency motor 201, a heat conducting oil heating jacket 202, a material conveying screw 203 and a waste organic polymer particle temperature measuring point 204. The heat conduction oil heating jacket 202 is sleeved outside the material conveying screw 203, the variable frequency motor 201 is connected with the input end of the material conveying screw 203, and the temperature measuring point 204 of the waste organic polymer particles is arranged at the output end position of the material conveying screw 203.
The moisture suction module 3 comprises a micro negative pressure fan 301, a micro pressure gauge 302 and a sealing discharge valve 303, and is used for sucking the moisture preheated and evaporated by the waste organic polymer particles to the hot blast stove 9.
The pyrolysis module 4 of the waste organic polymer particles comprises a central flue gas pipe, a pyrolysis screw 405 and a jacket flue gas pipe which are sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and further comprises a driving unit 401, a preheating waste organic polymer particle inlet 402, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet 403, a carbon black outlet 404, a central flue gas inlet 406, a jacket flue gas inlet 407, a central flue gas amount regulating valve 408 and a jacket flue gas amount regulating valve 409, and is used for pyrolyzing the waste organic polymer particles into carbon black and pyrolysis oil gas at a lower temperature.
The pyrolysis screw 405 is driven by the driving unit 401. One end of the pyrolysis screw 405 is provided with a preheating waste organic polymer particle inlet 402, and the other end is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet 403 and a carbon black outlet 404.
The carbon black high-temperature activation module 5 utilizes the waste heat of the pyrolyzed carbon black to perform high Wen Nianmo activation on the carbon black.
The pyrolysis oil gas temperature-control cutting module 6 comprises a condensing tower 601, a circulating oil pump 602, a nozzle group 603, a heat conducting oil cooling heat exchanger 604, a tower kettle oil temperature measuring point 605, a condensing tower outlet oil gas temperature measuring point 606, a tower kettle liquid level meter 607 and an oil drain 608. The high-temperature condensing temperature (170-190 ℃ in the temperature window) of pyrolysis oil gas is controlled by adjusting the temperature and flow of heat conduction oil, so that the flash point (more than or equal to 60 ℃) of the condensed oil is improved.
The pyrolysis oil gas condensation module 7 comprises a horizontal tower kettle 701, a condenser 702, a packed tower 703, a liquid level meter 704 and an oil drain port 705, and is used for condensing liquid phase components in pyrolysis oil gas and performing gas-liquid separation on the condensed oil mist.
The negative pressure fan 8 is used for sucking noncondensable gas after pyrolysis oil gas condensation to the hot blast stove 9, and keeping the pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles under micro negative pressure.
The stove 9 comprises a non-condensable gas line 901, a burner 902, an exhaust gas combustion interface 903 and a flue gas mixer 904 for burning non-condensable gas to provide heat for pyrolysis of waste organic polymer particles.
The conduction oil circulation module 10 comprises a conduction oil tank 1001, an oil-gas separator 1002, a conduction oil pump 1003, a conduction oil quantity adjusting valve 1004, a conduction oil smoke heat exchanger 1005 and a heat exchanger smoke bypass adjusting valve 1006, and is used for realizing temperature control cutting of pyrolysis oil gas and dehydration and preheating of waste organic polymer particles.
The flue gas circulation module 11 comprises a high temperature fan 1101, a recirculation flue gas amount regulating valve 1102 and an external flue gas outlet 1103, and is used for reducing the temperature of flue gas entering the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles, improving the flue gas amount and making the pyrolysis temperature uniform.
In order to ensure the preheating effect of the waste organic polymer particles, the temperature of the waste organic polymer particles after preheating is controlled by adjusting the temperature of heating heat conducting oil. In order to avoid pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles in the preheating process, heat conduction oil is adopted for preheating, and the heat capacity of the heat conduction oil is large, so that the temperature of the heat conduction oil to be preheated is low, and the pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles caused by local high temperature is avoided. The temperature drop of the heat conduction oil is small in the preheating process, so that the temperature of the preheating screw is uniform. On the other hand, the heat of the heat conduction oil mainly comes from the tail smoke waste heat, so that the smoke discharging temperature is reduced, and the utilization rate of the smoke heat is improved.
In order to remove the moisture in the waste organic polymer particles, a sealed discharge valve 303 is used for separating a preheating screw 2 and a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module 4, and a micro negative pressure fan 301 is used for sucking the evaporated moisture and light volatile matters and conveying the evaporated moisture and light volatile matters into a hot blast stove 9 for high-temperature incineration, so that the environment pollution and the resource waste caused by the discharge of the volatile matters are avoided.
In order to improve the yield of pyrolysis oil, the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module 4 adopts a center and a jacket to heat simultaneously, so that the heat exchange area is increased, the heat exchange temperature difference is reduced, the pyrolysis temperature is lowered, the reconstruction of pyrolysis oil gas at a high temperature is reduced, and the secondary pyrolysis of the pyrolysis oil gas into micromolecular gas phase components is inhibited.
In order to improve the flash point of pyrolysis oil, the flash point of pyrolysis oil from the oil drain 608 is controlled by utilizing the temperature of pyrolysis oil in the bottom of the heat transfer oil adjusting tower, and the temperature of oil gas at the outlet of the condensing tower 601 is monitored. In order to cool pyrolysis oil gas rapidly, the temperature of the pyrolysis oil gas is reduced by adopting a circulating spraying mode. In order to realize automatic oil discharge of the condensing tower 601, a tower kettle liquid level meter 607 is adopted to monitor the oil level in the condensing tower.
In order to ensure that the flash point of the condensed oil in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module 6 is more than or equal to 60 ℃, the temperature of the condensed oil in the tower kettle is more than or equal to 165 ℃, coil heat exchangers are arranged in the tower kettle, the flow rate of the heat transfer oil is regulated to control the temperature of the condensed oil, and the flash points of the condensed oil corresponding to the temperatures of the condensed oil in different tower kettles are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
In order to reduce the liquid phase component in the non-condensable gas, a water-cooling heat exchanger is adopted as a condenser 702 in the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module 7, and the temperature of the oil gas is reduced to condense the liquid phase component into fog drops. The packed tower 703 is filled with a wire mesh packing for filtering the condensed oil mist.
In order to provide heat for pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles, non-condensable gas is combusted in a hot blast stove to generate high-temperature flue gas as a heat source. The temperature of the flue gas required by pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles is 600-700 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas generated by non-condensable gas combustion is generally 1300-1500 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced by adopting mixed circulation low-temperature flue gas. The recirculated flue gas and the high temperature flue gas generated by the non-condensable gas combustion are mixed in a flue gas mixer and then enter a pyrolysis module. Because the water vapor extracted by the water suction module contains a small amount of volatile matters, the water vapor extracted by the water suction module and the small amount of volatile matters enter the exhaust gas combustion interface for high-temperature treatment and are discharged.
In order to preheat the waste organic polymer particles by using the flue gas waste heat, the flue gas waste heat is used for heating the heat conduction oil, the heated heat conduction oil enters the preheating screw 2 to indirectly heat the waste organic polymer particles, the temperature of the heat conduction oil after heat exchange is reduced, the heat conduction oil enters the oil-gas separator 1002, and the heat conduction oil is pumped into the pyrolysis oil-gas temperature control cutting module 6 to absorb the temperature of the pyrolysis oil, so that high-temperature condensation cutting of the pyrolysis oil gas is realized. The oil quantity adjusting valve 1004 is used for controlling the quantity of the heat conducting oil entering the pyrolysis oil gas temperature-control cutting module 6, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature of the condensed oil. The heat exchanger flue gas bypass regulating valve 1006 is used for regulating the amount of flue gas passing through the heat conducting flue gas heat exchanger 1005, thereby regulating the temperature of the heat conducting oil for preheating, and further controlling the temperature of the waste organic polymer particles after preheating.
In order to improve the utilization ratio of the flue gas heat, the recycling flue gas amount is controlled through the recycling flue gas amount regulating valve 1102, the flue gas amount of the pyrolysis module is increased, the flue gas loss is reduced, and meanwhile, the temperature uniformity of the pyrolysis module is also improved.
The method for pyrolyzing the waste organic polymer particles by using the system comprises the following steps:
step 1, waste organic polymer particles enter a preheating screw for preheating, and moisture is evaporated and removed under indirect heating of heat conducting oil;
step 2, the moisture suction module sucks the moisture preheated and evaporated by the waste organic polymer particles to the hot blast stove;
step 3, the preheated waste organic polymer particles enter a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolytic carbon black and pyrolytic oil gas;
step 4, the pyrolytic carbon black enters a carbon black high-temperature activation module to perform high Wen Nianmo activation;
step 5, the pyrolysis oil gas enters a pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module, high flash point oil is condensed, and low flash point oil gas enters a pyrolysis oil gas condensing module for further condensation;
step 6, pumping noncondensable gas after pyrolysis oil gas condensation into a hot blast stove by a negative pressure fan to burn to generate high-temperature flue gas;
step 7, mixing the high-temperature flue gas and the recirculated flue gas, cooling, and then providing heat for pyrolysis of the waste organic polymer particles, wherein the flue gas waste heat is used for heating heat conduction oil;
step 8, the heated heat conduction oil enters a preheating screw to indirectly heat the waste organic polymer particles, the temperature of the heat conduction oil after heat exchange is reduced, the heat conduction oil enters an oil-gas separator, and the heat conduction oil is pumped into a pyrolysis oil-gas temperature control cutting module to absorb the temperature of the pyrolysis oil, so that high-temperature condensation cutting of the pyrolysis oil gas is realized;
and 9, recycling part of flue gas, discharging redundant flue gas, and realizing the grading utilization of the heat of the flue gas.
In order to avoid pyrolysis in the process of preheating the waste organic polymer particles, the heating medium in the step 1 is heat conduction oil, the temperature of the heat conduction oil is 180-200 ℃, and the temperature of the preheated waste organic polymer particles is 140-160 ℃. Industrial and elemental analysis of the waste organic polymer particles (waste rubber particles) are shown in table 2, and weight loss curves at different temperatures are shown in fig. 2. The waste rubber particles begin to lose weight rapidly at the temperature above 300 ℃, which indicates that the temperature rise below 200 ℃ in the early stage mainly separates out water and small amount of light volatile matters.
TABLE 2 Industrial and elemental analysis of waste organic Polymer particles (waste rubber particles)
In order to remove the moisture in the waste organic polymer particles and reduce the environmental pollution and the resource waste, in the step 2, the moisture and a small amount of volatile matters which are preheated and evaporated by pumping the waste organic polymer particles are conveyed into a hot blast stove for burning.
In order to reduce the storage and transportation cost of pyrolysis oil, the flash point of condensed oil in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module in the step 5 is more than or equal to 60 ℃.
The foregoing embodiments have described in detail the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis system for improving pyrolysis oil quality, comprising:
the conical hopper is used for storing the waste organic polymer particles, and the bottom of the conical hopper is connected with the preheating screw;
the preheating screw is used for uniformly preheating the waste organic polymer particles through heat conduction oil, the temperature of the waste organic polymer particles is increased in the preheating process, and the water in the waste organic polymer particles is removed; the temperature of the heat conduction oil is controlled to be 180-200 ℃, and the temperature of the preheated waste organic polymer particles is 140-160 ℃;
the water suction module is used for sucking water preheated and evaporated by the waste organic polymer particles in the preheating screw to the hot blast stove and discharging the waste organic polymer particles to the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module; the water suction module comprises a micro negative pressure fan, a micro manometer and a sealing discharge valve, wherein the sealing discharge valve is used for separating a preheating screw and a waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module and preventing water vapor generated by the preheating screw from entering the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module;
the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles is used for pyrolyzing the waste organic polymer particles into carbon black and pyrolysis oil gas at a lower temperature of 400-450 ℃ and conveying the carbon black and pyrolysis oil gas to the carbon black high-temperature activation module and the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module through a carbon black outlet and a pyrolysis oil gas outlet respectively; the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module comprises a central flue gas pipe, a pyrolysis screw and a jacket flue gas pipe which are sleeved in sequence from inside to outside; one end of the pyrolysis screw is provided with a preheating waste organic polymer particle inlet, and the other end of the pyrolysis screw is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a carbon black outlet; the inlets of the central flue gas pipe and the jacket flue gas pipe are connected with a flue gas mixer arranged at the outlet of the hot blast stove, and the outlets of the central flue gas pipe and the jacket flue gas pipe are connected with a heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger of the heat conduction oil circulation module;
the carbon black high-temperature activation module is used for carrying out high-temperature grinding activation on the carbon black output by the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module;
the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module controls the high-temperature condensing temperature of pyrolysis oil gas to 170-190 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of the heat conducting oil, improves the flash point of condensed oil to be more than or equal to 60 ℃, condenses the high-flash point oil, and further condenses the low-flash point oil gas in the pyrolysis oil gas condensing module; the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module comprises a condensing tower, wherein the condensing tower is provided with a heat conduction oil cooling heat exchanger, a tower kettle oil temperature measuring point and a tower kettle liquid level meter, the lower part of the condensing tower is connected to a plurality of nozzle groups arranged at the upper part of the condensing tower through a pipeline provided with a circulating oil pump, the bottom of the condensing tower is provided with an oil discharge port, and the top of the condensing tower is connected to the pyrolysis oil gas condensing module through a pipeline with a condensing tower outlet oil gas temperature measuring point;
the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module is used for condensing liquid phase components in the low-flash-point oil gas input from the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module and performing gas-liquid separation on the condensed oil mist;
the negative pressure fan is used for sucking the noncondensable gas processed by the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module to the hot blast stove, and keeping the waste organic polymer particles pyrolyzed under micro negative pressure;
the hot blast stove is used for burning non-condensable gas conveyed by the negative pressure fan and generating high-temperature flue gas to provide heat for the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles;
the heat conduction oil circulation module is used for absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas output by the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles and the waste heat of pyrolysis oil gas in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module through heat conduction oil and realizing the temperature control cutting of the pyrolysis oil gas in the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module and the dehydration and the preheating of the waste organic polymer particles in the preheating screw; the heat conduction oil circulation module comprises a heat conduction oil tank, an oil-gas separator, a heat conduction oil pump, a heat conduction oil fume heat exchanger and a heat exchanger fume bypass regulating valve; the outlet of the oil-gas separator is sequentially connected with a heat conduction oil pump, a heat conduction oil cooling heat exchanger, a heat conduction oil fume heat exchanger and a heat conduction oil heating jacket arranged outside the preheating screw through pipelines and then returns to the inlet of the oil-gas separator; the heat conduction oil pump is connected with the heat conduction oil fume heat exchanger through a pipeline with a heat conduction oil quantity regulating valve; the outlets of the central flue gas pipe and the jacket flue gas pipe are converged through a pipeline and then are divided into two paths, one path is connected with the flue gas inlet of the heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger, and the other path is directly connected with the flue gas outlet of the heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger through a pipeline with a heat exchanger flue gas bypass regulating valve; a central flue gas amount regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline of the central flue gas pipe outlet, and a jacket flue gas amount regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline of the jacket flue gas pipe outlet;
and the smoke circulation module is used for controlling part of smoke output by the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module to be mixed with high-temperature smoke output by the hot blast stove and then inputting the mixed smoke into the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module, so that the temperature of the smoke entering the waste organic polymer particle pyrolysis module is reduced, the smoke quantity is improved, and the pyrolysis temperature is uniform.
2. The system for pyrolyzing waste organic polymer particles for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil according to claim 1, wherein the preheating screw comprises a material conveying screw, a heat conducting oil heating jacket sleeved outside the material conveying screw, a variable frequency motor fixed with the input end of the material conveying screw and a temperature measuring point of the waste organic polymer particles arranged at the outlet end of the material conveying screw;
the temperature and the flow of the heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil heating jacket are regulated by the heat conduction oil circulation module to control the temperature of the preheated waste organic polymer particles.
3. The system for pyrolyzing the waste organic polymer particles for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis oil gas condensation module comprises a horizontal tower kettle, a condenser and a packing tower, wherein the condenser and the packing tower are arranged at the upper end of the horizontal tower kettle, the top of the condensation tower of the pyrolysis oil gas temperature control cutting module is connected to an upper end inlet of the condenser through a pipeline, and an upper end outlet of the packing tower is connected to a hot blast stove through a pipeline with a negative pressure fan; the horizontal tower kettle is provided with a liquid level meter, and the bottom of the tower kettle is provided with an oil drain port.
4. The system for pyrolyzing waste organic polymer particles to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil according to claim 1, wherein the heat conduction oil pump, the heat conduction oil quantity adjusting valve and the heat exchanger flue gas bypass adjusting valve are all connected with a heat conduction oil circulation controller, and the specific control process of the heat conduction oil circulation controller is as follows:
the oil temperature in the condensing tower is regulated by controlling the quantity of heat conduction oil entering the heat conduction oil cooling heat exchanger through the heat conduction oil quantity regulating valve, and the flash point of the condensed oil is controlled; further adjusting the opening of a flue gas bypass adjusting valve of the heat exchanger, controlling the high-temperature flue gas quantity passing through the heat conduction flue gas heat exchanger, and finally realizing that the temperature of the heat conduction oil in the preheating screw is 180-200 ℃.
5. The pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas circulation module comprises a high temperature fan, a recirculation flue gas amount regulating valve and an external flue gas outlet; the flue gas outlet of the heat conduction oil smoke heat exchanger is connected with the high-temperature fan through a pipeline and then divided into two paths, one path is connected with the external flue gas outlet, and the other path is connected with the recirculation flue gas quantity regulating valve and then connected with a flue gas mixer arranged at the outlet of the hot blast stove.
6. The pyrolysis system for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil according to claim 5, wherein the recycling flue gas amount adjusting valve is connected with a flue gas circulation controller, and the specific control process of the flue gas circulation controller is as follows:
the opening degree of a recirculation flue gas quantity regulating valve is regulated according to the temperature of the pyrolysis module of the waste organic polymer particles, if the pyrolysis temperature deviation is not more than 10 ℃, the flue gas circulation quantity is reduced if the pyrolysis temperature deviation is too high, and the flue gas circulation quantity is increased if the pyrolysis temperature deviation is too low; if the deviation exceeds 10 ℃, the burner load in the hot blast stove is increased if it is too low, and the burner load is decreased if it is too high.
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| CN203569035U (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-04-30 | 杨金国 | Harmless continuous pyrolysis device for waste tire powder |
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| CN110746995A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-04 | 上海和惠生态环境科技有限公司 | Gasification pyrolysis system for recycling flue gas and application thereof |
| KR102192505B1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-17 | (주)에코크레이션 | The Flash Point Control System |
| CN113717550A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-30 | 中策橡胶集团有限公司 | Device and method for preparing environment-friendly carbon black by pyrolyzing waste tire rubber particles |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203569035U (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-04-30 | 杨金国 | Harmless continuous pyrolysis device for waste tire powder |
| CN106190273A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-07 | 湖南万容科技股份有限公司 | A kind of organic solid waste pyrolysis oil processing means and method |
| CN110746995A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-04 | 上海和惠生态环境科技有限公司 | Gasification pyrolysis system for recycling flue gas and application thereof |
| KR102192505B1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-17 | (주)에코크레이션 | The Flash Point Control System |
| CN113717550A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-30 | 中策橡胶集团有限公司 | Device and method for preparing environment-friendly carbon black by pyrolyzing waste tire rubber particles |
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