CN115894041A - Preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic - Google Patents

Preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic Download PDF

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CN115894041A
CN115894041A CN202211260158.3A CN202211260158A CN115894041A CN 115894041 A CN115894041 A CN 115894041A CN 202211260158 A CN202211260158 A CN 202211260158A CN 115894041 A CN115894041 A CN 115894041A
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silicon carbide
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carbide ceramic
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CN115894041B (en
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陈健
李凡凡
黄政仁
黄常聪
祝明
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing inorganic powder consisting of silicon carbide powder and carbon black with a surfactant to obtain modified powder; uniformly mixing the modified powder and an organic binder, and crushing and granulating to obtain a silicon carbide mixture; the mass of the silicon carbide powder accounts for 50-90wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder, and the mass of the carbon black accounts for 10-50wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder; extruding the silicon carbide mixture powder for 3D printing and forming into a silicon carbide ceramic green body; carrying out hot degreasing to obtain a silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank; degreasing a silicon carbide ceramic blank and Si grains according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2, and performing reaction sintering to obtain the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction-sintered silicon carbide ceramic.

Description

Preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of silicon carbide ceramics with complex structures, and particularly relates to a preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing forming reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramics.
Background
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic materials have unique properties such as high hardness (over 24 GPa), low density (3.215 g/cm) -3 ) High thermal conductivity (more than 100W/(m.K)), low thermal expansion coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, is widely applied to the fields of chemical industry, machinery, electronics, aerospace, biomedical engineering and the like, and is one of the most widely applied non-oxide ceramics. Generally, national defense and industrial applications require the use of complex shaped SiC ceramic articles, which presents significant challenges and challenges to ceramic manufacturing. Conventional molding methods, including injection molding, compression molding, tape casting, gel casting, etc., have difficulty in achieving highly complex geometries and interconnected pore structures. At the same time, the design and manufacture of the mold also results in increased processing time and cost.
The Additive Manufacturing technology (Additive Manufacturing) is based on a computer model, and materials are accumulated point by point, line by line or plane by plane into parts and components with certain shapes, so that the limitation of a die Manufacturing or processing technology is avoided, and the defect brought to the ceramic materials in the material reducing Manufacturing process is avoided. The silicon carbide ceramic additive manufacturing technology has unique advantages in the aspect of ceramic complex shape forming.
The powder Extrusion Printing (Power Extrusion Printing) technology inherits the characteristics of the traditional Fused Deposition Modeling (Fused Deposition Modeling) line-by-line Printing. In contrast, the powder extrusion printing technology uses mixed particles of inorganic powder and organic binder instead of traditional plastic wires. Most 3D printing processes with added binders or organic monomers have difficulty bypassing the degreasing step, which tends to reduce the density of the ceramic body, since most of the binder or organic monomer is discharged, leaving only loose ceramic powder. Therefore, insufficient density is one of the main problems of 3D printed ceramics, and the density of the printed ceramics has a decisive influence on the properties of the ceramics in addition to the mechanical properties of the ceramics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing forming reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic. The method has the advantages of high density of the formed blank, solving the problem of cracking after degreasing or sintering due to insufficient density of the blank in the conventional silicon carbide ceramic 3D printing, improving the mechanical property of the 3D printed ceramic material, and realizing near-net forming of the complex shape of the ceramic material by combining reactive sintering.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic, which comprises the following steps:
mixing inorganic powder consisting of silicon carbide powder and carbon black with a surfactant to obtain modified powder; uniformly mixing the modified powder and an organic binder, and crushing and granulating to obtain a silicon carbide mixture; the mass of the silicon carbide powder accounts for 50-90wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder, and the mass of the carbon black accounts for 10-50wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder;
extruding the silicon carbide mixture powder for 3D printing and forming into a silicon carbide ceramic green body;
carrying out hot degreasing to obtain a silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank;
degreasing a silicon carbide ceramic blank and Si grains according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2, and performing reaction sintering to obtain the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic.
Preferably, the silicon carbide powder is a mixture of silicon carbide particles with two particle size distributions of D50=1-5 μm and D50=20-60 μm, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide particles with two particle size distributions of D50=1-5 μm and D50=20-60 μm is controlled to be 1:1-3.
Preferably, the surfactant is selected from one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, silane coupling agent, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, stearic acid or polyethyleneimine; the addition amount of the surfactant is 0.5-3% of the inorganic powder.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the binder can be controlled to be 10-25wt% of the total mass of the modified powder and the binder; the binder is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and solid Paraffin (PW) according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1-7 mass ratio.
Preferably, the mixing temperature is 140-170 ℃, the mixing speed is 10-40rpm, and the mixing time is 0.5-2h.
Preferably, the temperature of the powder extrusion 3D printing nozzle is 140-180 ℃, the temperature of the printing platform is 100-120 ℃, and the aperture of the nozzle is 0.4mm-1mm.
Preferably, the conditions of the thermal degreasing are as follows: heating the silicon carbide ceramic green body to 400-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.2-2 ℃/min under the argon or vacuum atmosphere, and preserving the heat for 0.5-4h.
Preferably, the carbon density of the degreased blank of the silicon carbide ceramic is controlled to be 0.55-0.90.
Preferably, the reaction sintering atmosphere is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 1500-1800 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-2h.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a powder-extruded 3D printing molding reaction-sintered silicon carbide ceramic obtained according to the above preparation method.
Advantageous effects
According to the preparation method of the powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide, the density of the molded blank is high, the sintered silicon carbide ceramic material has almost no shrinkage in size, the complex shape can be maintained, the strength is high, and the structure is uniform and compact.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a powder-extruded 3D-printed gear silicon carbide ceramic green body prepared in step (2) of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered gear silicon carbide ceramic substance prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic morphology of the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XRD phase analysis diagram of the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative, and not restrictive, of the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic, which mainly comprises the following steps.
(1) And 3, preparing a silicon carbide mixture through powder extrusion and 3D printing. Carrying out ball milling and mixing on inorganic powder consisting of silicon carbide powder and carbon black and a surfactant in absolute ethyl alcohol by taking silicon carbide balls as a medium, drying the slurry subjected to ball milling in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12h, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain modified powder; and (3) mixing the modified powder and an organic binder on a double-roll mixer until the mixture is uniform, and crushing the mixture in a jaw crusher until the particle size is 2-5mm to obtain the powder-extruded 3D-printed silicon carbide mixture.
In some embodiments, the silicon carbide powder may be a mixture of silicon carbide particles with two particle size distributions of D50=1-5 μm and D50=20-60 μm, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide particles with two particle size distributions of D50=1-5 μm and D50=20-60 μm is controlled to be 1:1-3. By adopting the silicon carbide particles with bimodal distribution, the bulk density of the powder can be improved, so that the silicon carbide ceramic biscuit with high solid content can be obtained after molding. The particle diameter of the carbon black powder is D50=0.2-2 μm. The surfactant can be one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, silane coupling agent, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, stearic acid or polyethyleneimine.
Preferably, the mass of the silicon carbide powder can account for 50-90wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder, and the mass of the carbon black can account for 10-50wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder; the addition amount of the surfactant can be 0.5-3% of the mass of the inorganic powder. The adjustment of the carbon density can be realized by controlling the mass fractions of the silicon carbide powder and the carbon black powder, so that the theoretical density of the sintered ceramic can be adjusted. Too low a carbon density results in too high a free silicon content, resulting in a reduction of the mechanical properties of the material, while too high a carbon density results in incomplete reaction sintering.
At the same time, the addition of the surfactant prevents direct contact between the powder particles. The low content of the surfactant can cause that the surface of the powder can not be fully coated by the surfactant, and a particle network can be formed, so that the high-temperature viscosity of the mixture is increased, and the extrusion is not facilitated; the high content of the surfactant is not beneficial to molding, and the blank body can have defects such as cracks and the like in the hot degreasing process.
The ball-milling medium can be silicon carbide pellets, and the mass ratio of the ball-milled material pellets can be 1:1-3. The rotating speed of the ball mill can be 80rpm-150rpm, and the ball milling time can be 10-30h.
In the mixing process of the modified powder and the organic binder, the mass fraction of the binder can be controlled to be 10-25wt% of the total mass of the modified powder and the binder. Too low a binder content may result in insufficient mixing of the modified powder with the binder, resulting in too high a viscosity that is not conducive to extrusion; too high a binder content leads to a low overall solids content, which leads to defects after degreasing and low mechanical properties after sintering.
In some embodiments, the binder may be a high density polyethylene HDPE, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer EVA, a paraffin wax PW in a ratio of 1:1:1-7 mass ratio. The melting point of the high-density polyethylene is 130 ℃, the boiling point of the stearic acid is 183 ℃, the mixing temperature can be controlled to be 140-170 ℃, and the binder can be fully melted without decomposition. The mixing speed can be 10-40rpm, and the mixing time can be 0.5-2h.
(2) Powder extrusion 3D printing silicon carbide ceramic green body. And (2) printing and forming the silicon carbide mixture prepared in the step (1) into a silicon carbide ceramic green body by using powder extrusion printing equipment.
The temperature of the printing nozzle can be set to be 140-180 ℃, and the temperature interval can ensure that the mixture can be melted and extruded without decomposition. The temperature of the printing platform can be set to be 100-120 ℃, and the aperture of the nozzle can be selected to be 0.4mm-1mm.
The powder extrusion printing technology has the advantages of high solid content (about 60 vol%), high strength of a printed blank (up to 8MPa-10 MPa), and high molding density (up to 1.6-1.8 g/cm) 3 ) (ii) a In addition, defects are not easy to appear after degreasing, the microstructure of the sintered ceramic is compact and uniform, and the manufacturing of the ceramic material with high strength and complex shape can be realized.
(3) And (4) hot degreasing. And (3) placing the silicon carbide ceramic green body prepared in the step (2) into a degreasing furnace, heating the silicon carbide ceramic green body to 400-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.2-2 ℃/min under the argon or vacuum atmosphere, preserving the heat for 0.5-4h, and performing thermal degreasing to obtain a silicon carbide ceramic degreased body sample. Too fast a temperature rise rate is likely to cause defects such as cracking and bubbling of the binder due to inconsistent shrinkage during degreasing.
(4) And (4) reaction sintering. And (4) placing the silicon carbide ceramic degreased blank obtained in the step (3) and Si grains in a high-temperature sintering furnace for reaction sintering to obtain the powder extruded 3D printing forming reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic.
The carbon density refers to the mass of a single-unit carbon element in the ceramic degreasing blank; the carbon density of the degreased blank of the silicon carbide ceramic can be controlled to be 0.55-0.90. Too high carbon density can result in incomplete carbon reaction and cracking of the sample; too low a carbon density results in a material with too high a silicon content. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide ceramic degreased green compact to the Si grains may be 1:1-2; the reaction sintering atmosphere is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 1500-1800 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-2h.
Reactive sintering means that liquid Si with reactivity at high temperature permeates into a blank body with certain porosity through capillary force, reacts with C in the blank body and generates SiC. Compared with other sintering processes of SiC ceramics, the reaction sintering process has the following characteristics: the sintering time is short, and the sintering temperature is low; the reaction sintering process is a net-size sintering process, and the size of a blank is hardly changed in the sintering process; an almost completely dense sintered body can be obtained without external pressure during the sintering process; no need of special and expensive equipment, and the cost of the reaction sintering process is far lower than that of hot-pressing and pressureless sintering of silicon carbide.
The adjustment of carbon density can be realized by adjusting the mass fractions of the silicon carbide powder and the carbon black powder, so that the theoretical density of the sintered ceramic is adjusted, the free silicon content is too high due to too low carbon density, the mechanical performance of a sample is reduced, and the reaction sintering is incomplete due to too high carbon density. In the process of reactive sintering, if the added Si particles are less in mass, the reactive sintering is insufficient; if the added Si particles have a high mass, the subsequent processing is difficult. Meanwhile, the sintering temperature is too low or too high, and the heat preservation time is insufficient, so that the reaction sintering is incomplete, and the mechanical property of the sample is poor.
The powder extrusion 3D printing forming is combined with the reactive sintering, and the prepared silicon carbide ceramic green body has the advantages of high solid content and high strength; the degreased part has a complete shape, and can well maintain a complex shape formed by 3D printing. The silicon carbide ceramic after reaction sintering has uniform and compact internal structure and high strength, the size of the silicon carbide ceramic material after sintering almost has no shrinkage, the complex shape can be maintained, and the near-net shape of the complex shape can be realized.
The density of the silicon carbide ceramic obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention can reach 2.85-3.12g/cm 3 The three-point bending strength can reach 229-400MPa, the elastic modulus is 329-367GPa, and the content of free Si is 10.0-41.0vol%.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should also be understood that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adjustments made by those skilled in the art in light of the above disclosure are within the scope of the present invention, and that the specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are only one example of suitable scope.
Example 1
(1) And (3) preparing the silicon carbide mixture by powder extrusion 3D printing. Mixing silicon carbide powder, carbon black and stearic acid in a proportion of 60:40:1.7, wherein the silicon carbide powder is silicon carbide particles with two particle size distributions of D50=5 μm and D50=50 μm, and the silicon carbide particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1.7 mass ratio. Adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling by using silicon carbide balls as a ball milling medium, wherein the mass ratio of the material balls to the material balls is 1:2, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 100rpm, and the ball milling time is 24h. Drying the ball-milled slurry in a 60 ℃ oven for 12h, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain modified powder. Mixing the modified powder with an organic binder in a weight ratio of 82: and (3) uniformly mixing the components in a mass ratio of 18 on a double-roll mixing mill, and crushing the components in a jaw crusher until the particle size is 3mm to obtain the powder extruded 3D printed silicon carbide mixture. Wherein, the organic binder is high-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and paraffin according to the weight ratio of 1:1:2.8 weight ratio of the resulting mixture. The mixing temperature is 170 ℃, the mixing speed is 32rpm, and the mixing time is 1h.
(2) Powder extrusion 3D printing silicon carbide ceramic green body. And (2) printing and forming the silicon carbide mixture prepared in the step (1) into a silicon carbide ceramic green body by using powder extrusion printing equipment. Wherein the temperature of the printing nozzle is set to be 170 ℃, the temperature of the printing platform is set to be 100 ℃, and the aperture of the nozzle is selected to be 0.8mm.
(3) And (4) hot degreasing. And (3) placing the silicon carbide ceramic green body prepared in the step (2) into a degreasing furnace, heating the silicon carbide ceramic green body to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min under an argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 2 hours, and performing thermal degreasing to obtain a silicon carbide ceramic degreased blank.
(4) And (4) reaction sintering. And (4) placing the silicon carbide ceramic degreased blank obtained in the step (3) and Si grains in a high-temperature sintering furnace for reaction sintering. Controlling the carbon density of the silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank to be 0.80, and controlling the mass ratio of the silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank to the Si particles to be 1: and 1.2, reacting for 0.5h at the sintering temperature of 1600 ℃ in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain the powder extruded 3D printing forming reaction-sintered silicon carbide ceramic.
In the present example, the density of the silicon carbide ceramic obtained after the reaction sintering was 3.05g/cm 3 The three-point bending strength is 310MPa, the elastic modulus is 346GPa, and the content of free Si is 18.2vol%.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a powder extruded 3D printed gear silicon carbide ceramic green body prepared in step (2) of example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the blank body formed by 3D printing has high precision, clear edge outline and no phenomenon of sagging.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a powder extruded 3D printing molded reaction sintered gear silicon carbide ceramic substance prepared in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the silicon carbide green body after reaction sintering has almost no shrinkage in size compared with the green body, and near net shape of the reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic part with a complicated shape is realized.
Fig. 3 is a microscopic morphology of the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic prepared in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the microstructure of the silicon carbide ceramic after reaction sintering is uniform and dense, and no silicon lake formed by aggregation of free silicon and no carbon black area completely reacted occur.
FIG. 4 is an XRD phase analysis diagram of the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic prepared in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the sample after reaction sintering is mainly composed of three phases of 6H-SiC, 3C-SiC and Si.
Example 2
The procedure of this example was as in example 1. The main differences are that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder to the carbon black to the stearic acid is 50:50:1.7; the mass ratio of the modified powder to the organic binder is 78:22, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, paraffin wax in a ratio of 1:1:4.3 in weight ratio. In the step (4), the mass ratio of the silicon carbide ceramic degreased blank to the Si particles is controlled to be 1:1.24.
in the embodiment, the density of the silicon carbide ceramic obtained after reaction sintering is 3.01g/cm 3 The three-point bending strength was 229MPa, the elastic modulus was 329GPa, and the free Si content was 22.7vol%.
Example 3
The procedure of this example was as in example 1. The main differences are that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the carbon black and the stearic acid is 50:50:1.7; the proportion of the modified powder to the organic binder is 80:20, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, paraffin wax in a ratio of 1:1:3.5 in weight ratio. In the step (4), the carbon density of the silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank is controlled to be 0.86, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank to the Si particles is controlled to be 1:1.25.
in the embodiment, the density of the silicon carbide ceramic obtained after reaction sintering is 3.06g/cm 3 The three-point bending strength is 253MPa, the elastic modulus is 367GPa, and the content of free Si is 17.0vol%.
Comparative example 1
The procedure for the preparation of this comparative example is as in example 1. The main differences are: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the carbon black and the stearic acid is 50:50:1.7; the ratio of the modified powder to the organic binder is 82:18, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, paraffin wax in a ratio of 1:1:2.8 in weight ratio. In the step (4), the carbon density of the silicon carbide ceramic degreased blank is controlled to be 0.93, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide ceramic degreased blank to the Si particles is controlled to be 1:1.27.
because the carbon density is higher, the phenomenon of nonuniform local infiltration appears in the silicon carbide ceramic obtained by the comparative example after reaction sintering, and a black core area formed by carbon black which is not completely reacted exists.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of powder extrusion 3D printing molding reaction sintering silicon carbide ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing inorganic powder consisting of silicon carbide powder and carbon black with a surfactant to obtain modified powder; uniformly mixing the modified powder and an organic binder, and crushing and granulating to obtain a silicon carbide mixture; the mass of the silicon carbide powder accounts for 50-90wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder, and the mass of the carbon black accounts for 10-50wt% of the mass of the inorganic powder;
extruding the silicon carbide mixture powder for 3D printing and forming into a silicon carbide ceramic green body;
carrying out hot degreasing to obtain a silicon carbide ceramic degreasing blank;
degreasing a silicon carbide ceramic blank and Si grains according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2, and performing reaction sintering to obtain the powder extruded 3D printing molding reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide powder is a mixture of silicon carbide particles having two particle size distributions, D50=1-5 μm and D50=20-60 μm, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide particles having two particle size distributions, D50=1-5 μm and D50=20-60 μm, is controlled to be 1:1-3.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant is one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, silane coupling agent, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, stearic acid, and polyethyleneimine; the addition amount of the surfactant is 0.5-3% of the inorganic powder.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mass fraction of the binder is controlled to be 10 to 25wt% of the total mass of the modified powder and the binder; the binder is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and solid Paraffin (PW) according to the ratio of 1:1:1-7 mass ratio.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixing temperature is 140 to 170 ℃, the mixing speed is 10 to 40rpm, and the mixing time is 0.5 to 2 hours.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the temperature of the powder extrusion 3D printing nozzle is 140-180 ℃, the platen temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the nozzle orifice diameter is 0.4mm-1mm.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conditions of the thermal degreasing are: heating the silicon carbide ceramic green body to 400-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.2-2 ℃/min under the argon or vacuum atmosphere, and preserving the heat for 0.5-4h.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the carbon density of the degreased body of silicon carbide ceramic is controlled to be 0.55 to 0.90.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the atmosphere for the reaction sintering is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 1500 to 1800 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5 to 2 hours.
10. A powder-extruded 3D print-forming reaction-sintered silicon carbide ceramic obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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