CN115893967A - Low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011402 Portland pozzolan cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical group [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZADYMNAVLSWLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+4] ZADYMNAVLSWLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 metaaluminate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010850 salt effect Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part and a preparation method thereof, wherein the low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 plus or minus 20kg/m cement 3 50 plus or minus 20kg/m of fly ash 3 50 +/-20 kg/m of semi-hydrated gypsum 3 844 +/-40 kg/m of fine aggregate 3 1074 +/-40 kg/m of coarse aggregate 3 5 plus or minus 3kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 Composite early strength agent 12 plus or minus 3kg/m 3 130 plus or minus 20kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%. According to the invention, by adopting materials such as superfine cement, semi-hydrated gypsum, a multi-element composite early strength agent and the like, the early strength of the concrete prefabricated member is enhanced from multiple dimensions, the consumption of cement is greatly reduced while steam curing is not required, the carbon emission in the production process is obviously reduced, meanwhile, the material cost is reduced, the development of the later strength of the concrete is stabilized, and the later anti-cracking capability of the concrete is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated member and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Precast concrete elements are currently used more and more widely in various engineering fields. However, the early strength of the precast concrete is not high enough, so that the turnover efficiency of the mold is generally low, and the production efficiency is greatly slowed down, so that the economic benefit is reduced, and the development and the application of precast concrete products are influenced. If the concrete molding speed is higher and the early strength is higher, the mold stripping time is shorter, so that the recycling rate of the steel template can be improved. At present, a common strategy of prefabricated part manufacturers is to adopt a steam curing method to improve the early strength of a concrete prefabricated part. Steam curing is to perform pre-curing on the poured concrete member within 3 hours, and then cure the concrete member in saturated steam with relative humidity of over 90 percent and temperature of 60-80 ℃, wherein the curing time is not too long, and is usually 5-8 hours. Generally, after the concrete is cured by steam, the early strength of the concrete is quickly improved, and the strength of the concrete can exceed more than 70% of the designed strength after one day and night, but the development of the later strength is often influenced. Meanwhile, steam curing requires special equipment and a large amount of fuel combustion, which results in high steam curing cost and environmental pollution, and steam curing has high process control, and improper operation easily causes cracks in the concrete prefabricated member (namely, the prefabricated PC component) or influences later strength. Therefore, on the premise of not influencing the later strength of concrete, the research on the early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part is more and more emphasized by the prefabricated part industry. The early-strength steam-curing-free technology can improve the production efficiency of the concrete prefabricated part, further improve the turnover rate of the steel template, reduce the production energy consumption, protect the environment and help enterprises to save the cost.
Chinese patent CN114368952A discloses a steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part and a forming method thereof, which mainly comprises an early strength improving component, a cohesiveness improving component and a durability improving component, wherein the early strength improving component comprises portland cement, a crystal nucleus type early strength agent, an organic composite early strength agent and desulfurized gypsum, and the early strength improving component can be used for early strengthening an unformed stock solution without steamingThe curing process is firm, the early strength of the concrete prefabricated part is improved, meanwhile, the viscosity of each component is improved through cohesive components, the problem that the components cannot be fused together is avoided, the durability of the prefabricated part is improved through coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, active materials and additives, and the steam curing-free effect is finally achieved under the comprehensive action. However, the patent technology does not disclose any performance data on the prefabricated parts, and it is difficult to understand what effect the patent technology can achieve. Meanwhile, the following is described in paragraph 0006 of the specification: portland cement 200kg/m 3 100kg/m of crystal nucleus type early strength agent 3 110kg/m of organic composite early strength agent 3 85kg/m of desulfurized gypsum 3 The dosage of the early strength agent exceeds the dosage of cement, which greatly exceeds the cognition of the technicians in the field (the dosage of the early strength agent is used as an additive, the dosage is generally 2-4% of the dosage of the cement, the early strength agent can cause negative effects on the later performance of concrete, so the dosage can not exceed 10%), moreover, the price of the early strength agent per se is expensive, the unit price of the product is obviously higher than that of the cement material, and under the dosage, the technicians in the field can not believe that the patented technology can obtain the claimed technical effect.
Chinese patent CN113060949A discloses a gel material for prefabricated parts based on crystal-to-gel ratio regulation, which consists of portland cement clinker, anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and calcined gypsum, and C 4 A 3 S and calcined gypsum can generate ettringite with corresponding minerals in silicate cement, and the volume expansion generated by the ettringite can promote the strength development of a cement-based material and compensate the drying shrinkage of the cement within a certain range, so that the problems of volume expansion and shrinkage stress existing in steam oxidation and steam pressure curing are solved.
Chinese patent CN114573262A discloses a steam-curing-free agent for precast concrete members and a preparation method thereof, the steam-curing-free agent is composed of aluminum-containing active minerals and gypsum which are used as raw materials, crystal products generated by hydration after the aluminum-containing active minerals are calcined at high temperature can quickly build a skeleton structure to form a compact slurry structure, so that the early performance of the concrete is rapidly increased, and the precast concrete can generate self-heating curing effect after being poured through a hydration heat release mode, thereby promoting the early performance of the concrete to develop, and after being compounded with the gypsum, the steam-curing speed of the concrete can be accelerated, so that the precast concrete can achieve the same effect as steam-curing within normal temperature curing time, and the later strength and durability of the concrete are remarkably improved. In the non-steamed curing agent, the gypsum accounts for 10-50%, the gypsum and the aluminum-containing active mineral are mixed and then calcined at the high temperature of 1200-1400 ℃ to obtain the non-steamed curing agent, the high-temperature calcined gypsum is greatly different from dihydrate gypsum (natural gypsum), the solubility of the high-temperature calcined gypsum is reduced along with the increase of the temperature after calcination (refer to the prior document of adding calcined gypsum to improve the cement strength, shen Ancai, guo Shouming and the like, cement, no. 1, no. 14-18 in 1995), and the high-temperature calcined gypsum can be used for producing cement, can accelerate the hydration speed of portland cement, improve the early strength of a cement-based material, and stably increase the later strength. However, since the non-autoclaved agent is mainly used as an additive, the mixing amount of the non-autoclaved agent can only replace about 7% of the cement dosage, the early strength effect is limited, the material cost of the concrete prefabricated part cannot be reduced, and the early strength effect is reduced when the mixing amount of the high-temperature calcined gypsum is too much due to the low solubility of the high-temperature calcined gypsum in the cement slurry, and the development of the later strength of the concrete is influenced due to the problems of the expansion effect, the hydration heat and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a low-carbon type multielement composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated member and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free mixtureThe low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 200 plus or minus 20kg/m cement 3 50 +/-20 kg/m of fly ash 3 50 +/-20 kg/m of hemihydrate gypsum 3 844 +/-40 kg/m of fine aggregate 3 1074 +/-40 kg/m of coarse aggregate 3 5 plus or minus 3kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 Composite early strength agent 12 plus or minus 3kg/m 3 130 plus or minus 20kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%.
In the invention, the main innovation points are as follows: the material such as superfine cement, semi-hydrated gypsum, composite early strength agent and the like is adopted to simultaneously strengthen the early strength of the concrete prefabricated member from multiple aspects, so that steam curing is replaced, and the aim of improving the demoulding efficiency of the concrete prefabricated member is fulfilled.
Further, the cement is one of ordinary portland cement, portland slag cement and portland pozzolan cement, and is marked with 52.5R. Compared with the conventional 42.5R cement, the 52.5R cement has the advantages of larger specific surface area, higher activity, higher early hydration rate and the like, the cost is lower than that of directly using the high-doping 42.5R cement by using a proper amount of high-grade cement and combining the high-doping hemihydrate gypsum and the fly ash, the early strength of the prepared concrete prefabricated member is higher, the demoulding efficiency is more effective, meanwhile, the lower cement dosage can effectively reduce the overhigh hydration heat and the generation of a large amount of ettringite at the later stage, and the crack control aspect of the prefabricated member is greatly improved.
Further, the hemihydrate gypsum is beta-type hemihydrate gypsum (beta-type CaSO) 4 ·0.5H 2 O), beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum is prepared by washing raw gypsum and calcining at 150-200 ℃. In the field of building materials, the gypsum is mainly used as retarder, has the retarding effect, the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum has good crystallization, the product has higher compactness and strength, and is mainly used for plastering engineering, decorative products and gypsum boards, the high-temperature (more than 500 ℃ or more than 800 ℃) calcined gypsum has the capability of accelerating the hydration hardening speed, has the early strength effect, the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum has fine crystallization, cracks, large specific surface area and the quick setting characteristic, and is often compounded and mixed with the retarder to form gypsum slurry, and the gypsum slurry is mainly prepared by mixingThe coating is used for indoor plastering. In the invention, the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum can replace mineral admixtures such as fly ash, mineral powder and the like to be used as a cementing material with lower cost, simultaneously greatly reduces the using amount of cement, and the product after hydration and hardening has a micro-expansion effect, so that the self-contraction problem of a prefabricated member can be effectively improved, and the durability of the prefabricated member is improved.
More importantly, because the solubility of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum is higher than that of the gypsum, the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum and the high-temperature calcined gypsum, the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum can play a role in activating activity in the invention, and can form hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate at the early stage of cement hydration, thereby more Ca can be provided quickly 2+ And SO 4 2- The formation of early primary hydration products and the improvement of strength are promoted. And as the hydration progresses, the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum is continuously dissolved out and is hydrated with the clinker to generate Ca (OH) 2 The pre-fabricated member has the advantages that the pre-fabricated member jointly plays an excitation role on other mineral admixtures to form secondary hydration products to fill gaps, ettringite is formed in advance, the damage effect of ettringite expansion on a cement structure in the later stage of cement hydration is reduced, and the later-stage strength of the pre-fabricated member is effectively improved.
Furthermore, the water consumption of the standard consistency of the semi-hydrated gypsum is 62 +/-2%, the initial setting time is 5 +/-1 min, the final setting time is 8 +/-2min, the bending strength of 2h is 2.3 +/-0.5 MPa, and the compressive strength of 2h is 5.8 +/-0.5 MPa.
Further, the fly ash is one of winnowing fly ash and ground fly ash, the water requirement ratio is less than or equal to 95%, the loss on ignition is less than or equal to 5.0%, and the screen residue of a 0.045mm square-hole screen is less than or equal to 12.0%.
Further, the water reducing agent is a high-performance polycarboxylic acid early-strength water reducing agent, the solid content is 18 +/-5%, and the water reducing rate is 24 +/-5%.
Further, the fine aggregate is the sand in the area II, the content of stone powder is 6.5 +/-0.5%, and the fineness modulus is 2.5 +/-0.3; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-30mm continuous gradation, and the apparent density is 2.65 plus or minus 0.1kg/m 3 The crush value index is 8. + -. 0.5%.
Further, the composite early strength agent is prepared by compounding at least 3 of sodium thiosulfate, sodium thiocyanate, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, urea and calcium formate, wherein the solid content is 40 +/-5%, and the mixing amount is 2.5-4.0% of the using amount of the cement. The composite early strength agent is preferably the composite of an inorganic early strength agent and an organic early strength agent, the process of a cement hydration reaction is accelerated by changing the solubility of a cement mineral admixture by utilizing the characteristic that inorganic salt components (such as nitrate, metaaluminate, silicate and the like) in the inorganic early strength agent can generate a salt effect and a homoionic effect in a cement paste system, and alcamines in the organic early strength agent can enhance the activity of hydrated calcium silicate gel and expand colloidal particles due to the surface activity of the alcamines, so that the strength of a prefabricated member is improved by improving the compactness and impermeability of concrete. The composite early strength agent can perform the function of bond breaking and activating on silicon oxygen groups on the surface of the aggregate to form an active branched chain, improves the reaction degree between the aggregate and cement paste through the alkali excitation function, reduces the electrokinetic potential, thins a cross electric double layer, accelerates the occurrence of condensation reaction, enables the surface of the aggregate to more quickly form products such as C-S-H, C-Al-H and the like to wrap the aggregate, and finally forms a stable space network structure through mutual connection through the complexing action, thereby enhancing the interface transition region of the aggregate-hydration product.
Further, the preparation method of the composite early strength agent comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the formula, adding the components into water in sequence from small to large according to the solubility of the components, stirring and dissolving, and obtaining the product after the dissolution is finished.
Further, the invention also comprises a preparation method of the low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part, which comprises the following steps:
A. weighing the components according to the formula, adding the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into a stirrer, stirring and mixing, adding the cement, the fly ash and the semi-hydrated gypsum, and continuously stirring to obtain a dry mixture;
B. and adding water, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a composite early strength agent into the dry mixture, stirring uniformly, and then casting and molding to obtain the concrete.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, materials such as superfine cement, semi-hydrated gypsum, a composite early strength agent and the like are adopted, so that the early strength of the concrete prefabricated member is enhanced from multiple aspects, a steam curing production mode can be effectively replaced, the production process is simple, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the application and popularization are facilitated;
2. the invention adopts low dosage of cement and beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum hydration micro-expansion technology, the material cost and the production cost are lower, the hydration heat of the prefabricated member can be effectively reduced, the risk of later-stage cracking is reduced, the self-shrinkage problem of the prefabricated member is improved, the durability of the prefabricated member is improved, and the development of the later-stage strength of concrete is stabilized;
3. the concrete prefabricated member prepared by the invention can reach 15MPa in 16h in winter (10 h in summer) and reach 25MPa in 3d, can completely meet the requirements of prefabricated member demoulding and product delivery strength, and provides a good technical support for enterprises to realize carbon peak reaching and optimize industrial structures and energy structures.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Example 1
A low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part comprises the following components in parts by weight: ordinary portland cement 52.5R:210kg/m 3 50kg/m of ground grade I fly ash 3 Beta type hemihydrate gypsum 50kg/m 3 854kg/m fine aggregate 3 1084kg/m coarse aggregate 3 Polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 7kg/m 3 10kg/m of composite early strength agent 3 135kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%.
In the above, the composite early strength agent is prepared by compounding 5 components of 100 parts of calcium formate, 100 parts of sodium thiosulfate, 10 parts of sodium thiocyanate, 10 parts of calcium bromide and 2 parts of triisopropanolamine by the total weight parts of the composite early strength agent, wherein the solid content of the product is 38%, and the mixing amount is 3.2% of the cement consumption. The fine aggregate is the medium sand in the area II,the content of stone powder is 6.5 percent, and the fineness modulus is 2.5. The coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-30mm continuous gradation and apparent density of 2.65kg/m 3 The crush value index is 8. + -. 0.5%. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a high-performance polycarboxylate early-strength type superplasticizer, and has a solid content of 18% and a water reduction rate of 24%. The water consumption of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum in the standard consistency is 62%, the initial setting time is 5min, the final setting time is 8min, the bending strength at 2h is 2.3MPa, and the compressive strength at 2h is 5.8MPa.
Further, the preparation method of the composite early strength agent comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the formula, adding the components into water in sequence from small to large according to the solubility of the components, stirring and dissolving, and continuously stirring for 10min after the dissolution is finished.
Further, the preparation method of the low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the formula, adding coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into a stirrer, stirring and mixing for 10-20S, adding cement, fly ash and semi-hydrated gypsum, and continuously stirring for 20-30S to obtain a dry mixture;
s2, adding water, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a composite early strength agent into the dry mixture, stirring for 2-4min, and casting and molding after uniformly stirring to obtain the concrete.
Example 2
A low-carbon type multielement composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part comprises the following components in parts by weight: slag portland cement 52.5R:210kg/m 3 Winnowing II-grade fly ash 43kg/m 3 Beta type hemihydrate gypsum 57kg/m 3 854kg/m fine aggregate 3 1084kg/m coarse aggregate 3 6.5kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 10.5kg/m of composite early strength agent 3 135kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%.
In the above, the composite early strength agent is prepared by compounding 4 components of 100 parts of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 100 parts of sodium metaaluminate, 10 parts of urea and 2 parts of triisopropanolamine, wherein the solid content of the product is 40%, and the mixing amount of the product is 3.4% of the cement consumption. The fine aggregate is sand in the area II, the content of stone powder is 6.5 percent, and the fineness modulus is 2.5. The thick boneThe material is crushed stone with 5-30mm continuous gradation, and the apparent density is 2.65kg/m 3 The crush value index is 8. + -. 0.5%. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a high-performance polycarboxylate early-strength type superplasticizer, and has a solid content of 18% and a water reduction rate of 24%. The water consumption of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum in the standard consistency is 62%, the initial setting time is 5min, the final setting time is 8min, the bending strength at 2h is 2.3MPa, and the compressive strength at 2h is 5.8MPa.
Further, the preparation method of the composite early strength agent comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the formula, adding the components into water in sequence from small to large according to the solubility of the components, stirring and dissolving, and continuously stirring for 10min after the dissolution is finished.
Further, the preparation method of the low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part comprises the following steps of:
s1, weighing the components according to the formula, adding the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into a stirrer, stirring and mixing for 10-20S, adding the cement, the fly ash and the semi-hydrated gypsum, and continuously stirring for 20-30S to obtain a dry mixture;
s2, adding water, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a composite early strength agent into the dry mixture, stirring for 2-4min, and casting and molding after uniform stirring to obtain the concrete.
Example 3
A low-carbon type multielement composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part comprises the following components in parts by weight: pozzolanic portland cement 52.5R:215kg/m 3 Winnowing class II fly ash 35kg/m 3 Beta type hemihydrate gypsum 60kg/m 3 854kg/m fine aggregate 3 1084kg/m coarse aggregate 3 Polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 7kg/m 3 11.5kg/m of multi-element composite early strength agent 3 135kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%.
In the above, the composite early strength agent is prepared by compounding 4 components of 100 parts of sodium thiosulfate, 100 parts of sodium silicate, 5 parts of calcium bromide and 10 parts of sodium thiocyanate, wherein the solid content of the product is 39%, and the mixing amount of the product is 3.7% of the cement dosage. The fine aggregate is the sand in the area II, the content of stone powder is 6.5 percent, and the fineness modulus is 2.5. The coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-30mm continuous gradation and apparent density2.65kg/m 3 The crush value index is 8. + -. 0.5%. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a high-performance polycarboxylate early-strength type superplasticizer, and has a solid content of 18% and a water reduction rate of 24%. The water consumption of the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum in the standard consistency is 62%, the initial setting time is 5min, the final setting time is 8min, the bending strength of 2h is 2.3MPa, and the compressive strength of 2h is 5.8MPa.
Further, the preparation method of the composite early strength agent comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the formula, adding the components into water in sequence from small to large according to the solubility of the components, stirring and dissolving, and continuously stirring for 10min after the dissolution is finished.
Further, the preparation method of the low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the formula, adding coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into a stirrer, stirring and mixing for 10-20S, adding cement, fly ash and semi-hydrated gypsum, and continuously stirring for 20-30S to obtain a dry mixture;
s2, adding water, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a composite early strength agent into the dry mixture, stirring for 2-4min, and casting and molding after uniformly stirring to obtain the concrete.
Comparative example 1
The concrete preform of comparative example 1 was prepared by mixing: ordinary portland cement 42.5R:304kg/m 3 46kg/m of ground grade I fly ash 3 831kg/m of fine aggregate 3 1058kg/m of coarse aggregate 3 Polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 7kg/m 3 154kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%. The fine aggregate is the sand in the area II, the content of stone powder is 6.5 percent, and the fineness modulus is 2.5. The coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-30mm continuous gradation and apparent density of 2.65kg/m 3 The crush value index is 8. + -. 0.5%. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a high-performance polycarboxylate early-strength type superplasticizer, and has a solid content of 18% and a water reduction rate of 24%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is the same as comparative example 1, except that steam curing is required, specifically: curing in saturated water vapor with relative humidity of 90% and temperature of 55-60 deg.c for 5 hr.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is the same as example 1 except that beta hemihydrate gypsum was not added and the compounding ratio of the components was redesigned for the same water-to-gel ratio and sand ratio.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is the same as example 1 except that Portland cement 52.5R was replaced with Portland cement 42.5R and the compounding ratio of each component was redesigned in accordance with the same water-to-gel ratio and sand ratio.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is the same as example 1 except that beta-type hemihydrate gypsum was replaced with alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum and the compounding ratio of each component was redesigned based on the same water-cement ratio and sand ratio.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 is the same as example 1 except that beta-type hemihydrate gypsum was replaced with high-temperature calcined gypsum calcined at 1000 c and the compounding ratio of each component was redesigned according to the same water-cement ratio and sand ratio.
It is worth to be noted that under the condition of a certain amount of the cementing material, the water-cement ratio and the sand ratio are important parameters for determining the mixing proportion of the concrete, wherein the strength of the concrete is directly determined by the amount of the cementing material, particularly the amount of the cement and the water-cement ratio, i.e. the higher the amount of the cementing material is, the smaller the water-cement ratio is, the higher the strength of the concrete is; and the sand rate has a great influence on the workability of concrete mixtures. In the concrete technical field, the performance comparison between different types of concrete should be performed based on a certain amount of cement material to ensure the same water-cement ratio and sand ratio, otherwise the contrast is poor or even lacks. Therefore, the invention is not set up according to the traditional single factor influence experiment when setting up the embodiment and the comparative example, but according to the design of the mixing ratio of the prefabricated parts based on the same water-gel ratio and sand ratio, so that the comparison is realized.
The mixing ratios of the above examples and comparative examples can be seen in Table 1.
TABLE 1 blending ratio (unit kg/m) of concrete precast members of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 3 )
Note: 1. the cement of example 1 was portland cement 52.5R, the cement of example 2 was portland slag cement 52.5R, the cement of example 3 was pozzolanic portland cement 52.5R, the cements of comparative examples 1, 2 and 4 were portland cement 42.5R, and the cements of comparative examples 3, 5 and 6 were portland cement 52.5R;
2. the gypsum of examples 1-3 and comparative example 4 was beta hemihydrate, the gypsum of comparative example 5 was alpha hemihydrate, and the gypsum of comparative example 6 was high temperature calcined gypsum after calcination at 1000 ℃.
Test method
According to national standards GB/T50080-2016 and GB/T50081-2002, the test environment temperature is 14 ℃, and test blocks of 16h, 1d and 3d are maintained at the test temperature.
Test results
As shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 basic physical Properties of the concrete
TABLE 3 early crack resistance test of concrete
Conclusion and analysis of the experiments
1. From the test data in table 2, it can be seen that:
(1) Comparing the comparative examples 1 and 2, when steam curing is not carried out, the early strength is relatively poor, the later strength is increased to a certain extent and is higher than the strength of the concrete subjected to steam curing, so that the early strength of the concrete can be improved by carrying out steam curing, but the later strength development can be influenced;
(2) Comparing example 1 with comparative example 3, the early strength and the later strength of the concrete are lower than those of example 1 even if the dosage of 50kg of cement is additionally increased when the beta-type hemihydrate gypsum is not added, thereby showing that the addition of the beta-type hemihydrate gypsum can improve the early strength and the later strength of the concrete and simultaneously has excellent strength shrinkage prevention capability on the concrete;
(3) Comparing the embodiment 1 with the comparative example 4, the high-grade cement can obviously improve the early strength of the concrete, and the later strength is also improved to a certain extent;
(4) Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 5 and 6, alpha-hemihydrate gypsum has lower solubility in water than beta-hemihydrate gypsum, and thus has a lower strength-enhancing rate for concrete than beta-hemihydrate gypsum; the high-temperature calcined gypsum has low solubility due to lack of hydration capability, can generate alkali excitation effect with alkaline components such as calcium hydroxide and the like generated by cement hydration in a later period when the mixing amount is low, and has a certain contribution effect on final strength, but can play a role similar to a gypsum retarder when the mixing amount exceeds 10 percent, so that the high-temperature calcined gypsum negatively improves the early strength of concrete.
(5) Comparing examples 1-3 with comparative example 2, compared with the conventional prefabricated member subjected to steam curing, the prefabricated member provided by the invention has the advantages that the consumption of the rubber material per se is lower, particularly the consumption of cement is reduced by one third, the early strength of the product is equivalent to that of the prefabricated member subjected to steam curing, and the later strength of the product is obviously superior to that of the prefabricated member subjected to steam curing, so that the production cost of the product can be obviously reduced by the prefabricated member provided by the invention, and the problem of later strength shrinkage caused by steam curing is solved.
2. As can be seen from the test data in table 3:
(1) Comparing examples 1-3 with comparative examples 1-2, the preform of the present invention has less number of cracks, smaller maximum crack width, smaller average crack area per crack and number of cracks per unit area, the anti-crack rating of the preform of the present invention reaches L-V rating, which is much higher than L-II rating of steam curing, indicating that the preform of the present invention has excellent anti-crack risk capability, which can solve high cost and product crack risk caused by steam curing while ensuring preform production efficiency.
(3) Comparing example 1 with comparative example 3, when the beta-type hemihydrate gypsum is not added, in order to ensure the early strength of the product to meet the requirement of demoulding, the dosage of cement is usually additionally increased in production, and finally, the cracking risk is increased.
(4) Comparing example 1 with comparative example 4, the crack resistance of the product is approximately equivalent when the 52.5 cement and the 42.5 cement are used in the same amount.
(5) Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 5 and 6, it is generally said that only products with significantly improved early strength will cause cracking risk to concrete from a microscopic angle, and because alpha-hemihydrate gypsum has less early strength effect to concrete, the cracking risk of the product is not increased after the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is blended into concrete; the high-temperature calcined gypsum has a delayed coagulation effect on concrete after being mixed in an excessively high amount, so that the high-temperature calcined gypsum does not have the risk of cracking on the concrete in the early period.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part is characterized in that the low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part is preparedThe mixing ratio is as follows: 200 plus or minus 20kg/m cement 3 50 +/-20 kg/m of fly ash 3 50 +/-20 kg/m of hemihydrate gypsum 3 844 +/-40 kg/m of fine aggregate 3 1074 +/-40 kg/m of coarse aggregate 3 5 plus or minus 3kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 Composite early strength agent 12 plus or minus 3kg/m 3 130 plus or minus 20kg/m of water 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.44, and the sand rate is 44%.
2. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement is one of ordinary portland cement, portland slag cement and portland pozzolanic cement, and is 52.5R.
3. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein said semi-hydrated gypsum is β -type semi-hydrated gypsum.
4. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated member as claimed in claim 3, wherein the semi-hydrated gypsum is prepared by washing gypsum and calcining at 150-200 ℃.
5. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated member as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water consumption of the semi-hydrated gypsum in the standard consistency is 62 +/-2%, the initial setting time is 5 +/-1 min, the final setting time is 8 +/-2min, the bending strength of 2h is 2.5 +/-0.5 MPa, and the compressive strength of 2h is 5.8 +/-0.5 MPa.
6. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated part according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fly ash is one of air separation fly ash and ground fly ash, the water demand ratio is less than or equal to 95%, the loss on ignition is less than or equal to 5.0%, and the screen residue of a 0.045mm square-hole screen is less than or equal to 12.0%.
7. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete preform as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fine aggregate is sand in zone II, and the content of stone powder6.5 +/-0.5 percent and the fineness modulus is 2.5 +/-0.3; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-30mm continuous gradation, and the apparent density is 2.65 plus or minus 0.1kg/m 3 The crush value index is 8. + -. 0.5%.
8. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated member as claimed in claim 7, wherein the composite early-strength agent is prepared by compounding at least 3 of sodium thiosulfate, sodium thiocyanate, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, urea and calcium formate, the solid content of the composite early-strength agent is 40 +/-5%, and the mixing amount of the composite early-strength agent is 2.5-4.0% of the using amount of cement.
9. The low-carbon multi-element composite early-strength steam-curing-free concrete prefabricated part of claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the composite early-strength agent comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the formula, adding the components into water in sequence from small to large according to the solubility of the components, stirring and dissolving, and obtaining the product after the dissolution is finished.
10. A method for preparing a low-carbon type multi-element composite early-strength non-autoclaved concrete preform as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
A. weighing the components according to the formula, adding the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate into a stirrer, stirring and mixing, adding the cement, the fly ash and the semi-hydrated gypsum, and continuously stirring to obtain a dry mixture;
B. and adding water, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a composite early strength agent into the dry mixture, stirring for several minutes, and casting and molding after the materials are uniform to obtain the material.
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