CN115891554A - Air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents
Air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115891554A CN115891554A CN202110971792.7A CN202110971792A CN115891554A CN 115891554 A CN115891554 A CN 115891554A CN 202110971792 A CN202110971792 A CN 202110971792A CN 115891554 A CN115891554 A CN 115891554A
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- evaporative cooling
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a drainage unit, a water storage tank and an evaporative cooling device, wherein the drainage unit is used for separating and collecting water generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell stack, the water storage tank is connected with the drainage unit and is used for receiving and storing the water generated by the fuel cell stack, the evaporative cooling device is connected with a water outlet of the water storage tank and is used for vaporizing the stored water in the water storage tank during working, the latent heat of vaporization of the stored water is utilized for cooling, refrigeration is realized, and the cooled air is conveyed into the fuel cell vehicle. The invention has the function of collecting water generated by the fuel cell on one hand, and does not need to be driven by a compressor on the other hand, thereby reducing the energy consumption, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and playing the roles of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile air conditioners, in particular to an air conditioning system for a fuel cell automobile.
Background
The fuel cell vehicle is used as an environment-friendly new energy vehicle, the electric energy generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen (air) is used for driving the vehicle to run, only moisture is discharged in the working process, and zero emission is really realized. The air conditioning system mostly adopts a steam compression type air conditioning system, and has the main problems that on one hand, the refrigeration of the air conditioner consumes too much power, accounting for 10-25% of the total power generation of the fuel cell; on the other hand, the air conditioning system has greenhouse gas emission in the working process, which causes great damage to the environment.
According to the characteristics of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell vehicles, the fuel cell system works with a great amount of water generated along with the chemical reaction, and if the water is not utilized, water resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle. The water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is used for refrigeration, a compressor is not needed for working, on one hand, the refrigeration effect is good, the water is saved, on the other hand, the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a fuel cell stack, a drain unit, a water storage tank, and an evaporative cooling device, wherein: the water discharging unit is used for separately collecting water generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell stack, the water storage tank is connected to the water discharging unit and used for receiving and storing the water generated by the fuel cell stack, the evaporative cooling device is connected with a water outlet of the water storage tank and used for enabling the stored water in the water storage tank to vaporize when in work, the latent heat of vaporization of the stored water is utilized for cooling, refrigeration is achieved, and the cooled air is conveyed into the fuel cell vehicle.
In some embodiments, the air conditioning system further comprises a water pump installed between the water storage tank and the evaporative cooling device to provide water delivery power for the evaporative cooling device.
In some embodiments, the water storage tank includes a plurality of water storage compartments provided with an inlet check valve and an outlet check valve respectively with the drain unit and the evaporative cooling device of the fuel cell.
In some embodiments, a water level sensing unit is installed in the water storage tanks, and if one of the water storage compartments is filled with water, the inlet one-way valve of the water storage compartment is closed, and the inlet one-way valve of the other water storage compartment is opened to continue water storage.
In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device comprises a pre-cooling device and a fan, wherein the pre-cooling device is installed at an air inlet of the fan.
In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device further comprises a water distributor installed right above the pre-cooling device and used for spraying water conveyed by the water pump to the pre-cooling device.
In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device includes a direct evaporative cooling device and an indirect evaporative cooling device. When the evaporative cooling device is a direct evaporative cooling device, only one fan is arranged, and the precooling device is arranged at an air inlet of the fan; when the evaporative cooling device is an indirect evaporative cooling device, two fans are arranged, and the precooling device is arranged at air inlets of the two fans.
In some embodiments, the direct evaporative cooling apparatus further comprises a control unit for controlling the switching and operating modes of the air conditioning system.
In some embodiments, the operating modes include:
an evaporation refrigeration mode: the precooling device is unfolded, the water distributor sprays water to the precooling device, and the fan works;
fan mode: the precooling device is retracted, the water distributor does not spray water to the precooling device, and the fan blows directly.
In some embodiments, the direct evaporative cooling device further includes a driving unit, the driving unit is respectively connected to the control unit and the pre-cooling device, and the control unit is further configured to control the driving unit to drive the pre-cooling device to unfold when the direct evaporative cooling device is in operation, and control the driving unit to drive the pre-cooling device to fold when the direct evaporative cooling device is not in operation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) When the fuel cell works, electrochemical reaction is generated inside the fuel cell at any time, and along with the generation of a large amount of moisture, the moisture can cause waste and influence road conditions if directly discharged into the environment.
(2) A plurality of water storage compartments are adopted to store condensed water, and the output of the stored water in each compartment is controlled respectively, so that the condensed water with higher temperature is given certain cooling time.
(3) The working principle of the air conditioning system for the fuel cell vehicle is essentially an adiabatic humidification process, and the effect of reducing the air temperature is achieved by utilizing water evaporation to absorb heat, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
(4) The precooling device can be unfolded or folded, when the precooling device is unfolded, the working mode of the air conditioning system is an evaporative cooling mode, and the effect of cooling is achieved; when the precooling device is folded, the working mode of the air conditioning system is a fan mode, and different heat dissipation requirements are met.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a water storage tank according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pre-cooling device of an indirect evaporative cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a pre-cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a view illustrating an air supply passage of an air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the same or similar reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements.
Reference numerals
1. Fuel cell stack
2. Drainage unit
3. Water storage tank
4. Water pump
5. Water distributor
6. Precooling apparatus (precooling plate)
6a precooler deployed state
6b precooling apparatus retracted state
7. Fan blower
8. Tubular heat exchanger
10. Evaporative cooling device
20. Drive unit
30. Water storage room
31. Inlet check valve
32. Outlet check valve
33. Partition board
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Referring to fig. 1, according to the application of the present invention, an air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle is provided, the air conditioning system includes a fuel cell stack 1, a drainage unit 2, a water storage tank 3, and an evaporative cooling device 10, the water storage tank 3 is connected to the drainage unit 2, and is configured to receive and store water generated by the fuel cell stack 1, and the evaporative cooling device 10 is connected to a water outlet of the water storage tank 3, and is configured to, during operation, vaporize stored water in the water storage tank 3, utilize latent heat of vaporization of the stored water to cool, implement refrigeration, and deliver cooled air into the fuel cell vehicle. In some embodiments, the drainage unit 2 includes, but is not limited to, a gas-liquid separator, and the fuel cell stack 1 generates a large amount of water through electrochemical reaction at the internal moment of the cell during operation, and is discharged outside the stack with the excess reaction gas purged, separated and collected by the drainage unit. In some embodiments, the air conditioner further comprises a water storage tank 3, and is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the water storage tank is connected with the outlet of the water drainage unit 2, and is used for further receiving and cooling the water generated during the operation of the fuel cell stack 1. In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device 10 includes, but is not limited to, a fan 7 and a pre-cooling device 6, the pre-cooling device 6 is connected to the water outlet of the water storage tank 3, the cooled stored water in the water storage tank 3 is released, the stored water is sufficiently vaporized through an adiabatic humidification process, the latent heat of vaporization of water evaporation is utilized to sufficiently reduce the temperature of air, and the whole process is free of utilization and generation of greenhouse gases while achieving a refrigeration effect. In addition, the used moisture is derived from the moisture generated in the working process of the fuel cell stack, so that the influence on the pavement environment (particularly the pavement icing caused in winter) caused by the fact that the moisture generated by the water generated in the stack is directly discharged to the environment is avoided, the moisture is directly generated in the refrigerating process of the air conditioning system, and the moisture generated by the fuel cell is fully utilized.
In some embodiments, the air conditioning system further comprises a water pump 4, and the water pump 4 is installed between the water storage tank 3 and the evaporative cooling device 10 and provides water delivery power for the evaporative cooling device 10. Since the water flow required by the evaporative cooling device 10 is not large, the water pump 4 can be a micro mechanical pump or an electromagnetic pump, and the size of the air conditioning system is further reduced.
In some embodiments, the water storage tank 3 includes a plurality of water storage compartments 30, each of which is separated by a partition 33 and is adjustable according to the power of the air conditioning system, the plurality of water storage compartments 30 are respectively provided with an inlet check valve 31 and an outlet check valve 32 at the water outlet of the water discharge unit 2 of the fuel cell and the evaporative cooling device, the inlet check valve 31 is used for controlling whether water enters the corresponding water storage compartment, the outlet check valve 31 is used for controlling whether water stored in the water storage compartment is used, and for the same water storage compartment, the inlet check valve 32 is closed while water is generated by the fuel cell. Referring to fig. 2, a control scheme of the water storage tank 3 of the present embodiment is shown, in the present embodiment, two water storage compartments 30, two inlet check valves 31 and two outlet check valves 32 are provided for illustration, and a water level sensing unit (not shown) is installed in the water storage tank 3. When the fuel cell stack 1 is operated, the inlet check valve 31 of any one of the water storage rooms of the water storage tank 3 is opened, natural cooling is performed while collecting the generated water, the inlet check valve 31 is closed after the water is fully collected, the inlet check valve 31 of the other water storage room is opened for collection, and the process is circulated. In this embodiment, if the air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle is started, the outlet check valve 32 is opened, so that the evaporative cooling device 10 can vaporize the water stored in the water storage tank 3, and the latent heat of vaporization of the water stored is utilized to cool, so as to realize refrigeration, and the outlet check valve 32 is closed when the air conditioning system is in a closed state, so that the water storage tank 3 can store water and cool for a sufficient time, and the water stored in the water storage tank 3 is used in an economical manner.
In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device 10 includes a pre-cooling device 6 and a fan 7, and the pre-cooling device 6 is installed at an air inlet of the fan 7. In some embodiments, the pre-cooling device 6 includes, but is not limited to, a pre-cooling plate, a pre-cooling cloth, and a tube heat exchanger. The pre-cooling device 6 has an important influence on the performance of the air conditioning system, and is usually made of metal, cellulose, organic materials, inorganic materials, porous ceramics, and the like, and the pre-cooling plate 6 is used in this embodiment for illustration. In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device 10 further includes a water distributor 5 installed directly above the pre-cooling device 6, and configured to release the stored water in the water storage tank 3 when the air conditioning system is in operation, when the water distributor 5 sprays cooling water onto the pre-cooling plate 6, the cooling water flows through the porous structure and forms a water film on the surface, air flows in from the other surface of the pre-cooling plate 6 and performs heat and moisture exchange with the water film, water on the surface of the water film evaporates, latent heat of vaporization absorbed by the water evaporation comes from passing air, so that the humidity of air flowing out of the pre-cooling plate 6 rises and the temperature drops (this process is referred to as adiabatic humidification), thereby achieving a refrigeration effect, and the air after being cooled enters the fuel cell vehicle.
In some embodiments, the evaporative cooling device 10 includes a direct evaporative cooling device and an indirect evaporative cooling device. When the evaporative cooling device 10 is a direct evaporative cooling device, only one fan is arranged, the precooling device 6 is installed at an air inlet of the fan 7, as shown in fig. 1, the water distributor 5 sprays water to the precooling device 6, and air passes through the wet precooling device 6 to be subjected to adiabatic humidification and then is subjected to humidification and cooling, so that refrigeration is realized, and the air is directly cooled in the whole process, so that the direct evaporative cooling device is called. When the evaporative cooling device 10 is an indirect evaporative cooling device, two fans are provided, and at this time, the precooling device 6 is a tubular heat exchanger and is installed at air inlets of the two fans, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of pipeline passages are arranged in the tubular heat exchanger 8, and the top of the tubular heat exchanger is in an open state, so that spray water of the water distributor can flow inwards conveniently. In the indirect evaporative cooling unit, the air is divided into primary air flow and secondary air flow, which are separated by an internal heat exchange pipe and are respectively provided by a fan in front of the tubular heat exchanger 8. Taking fig. 3 as an example, the secondary air flows vertically into the tubular heat exchanger 8 from the side surface, passes through the pipeline, and performs heat and humidity exchange with the outer wall of the wet pipeline, and the primary air transfers heat to the secondary air through the heat exchange pipeline and the water film, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling and refrigeration. The secondary air is then discharged to the environment, and the primary air, which is the refrigerated air, is transported into the fuel cell vehicle. In this process, the secondary air side is in the same condition as the direct evaporative cooling apparatus, and the primary air is indirectly cooled by the secondary air through the humidified piping with the moisture content kept constant. Compared with a direct evaporative cooling device, the indirect evaporative cooling device has the advantages that the water distribution is uniform, a water film with temperature is easily formed, the evaporative cooling process is facilitated, the moisture content is kept unchanged, and the cooling efficiency is lower.
In some embodiments, the direct evaporative cooling device further includes a control unit (not shown) for controlling the on/off and operation modes of the air conditioning system, and a driving unit 20. The driving unit 20 is respectively connected to the control unit and the pre-cooling device 6, the control unit is further configured to control the driving unit 20 to drive the pre-cooling device 6 to be unfolded when the direct evaporative cooling device works, and control the driving unit 20 to drive the pre-cooling device 6 to be folded when the direct evaporative cooling device does not work, as shown in fig. 4, in the figure, a symbol 6a of the pre-cooling device represents that the pre-cooling device is unfolded, and a symbol 6b of the pre-cooling device represents that the pre-cooling device is folded. With reference to fig. 4 and 5, the following describes in detail the control example of the operation mode of the air conditioning system and the corresponding operation principle for different cooling and heat dissipation requirements by the control unit.
Under the condition that the temperature in the vehicle is proper, the heat dissipation requirement can be met without the work of the air conditioning system, and the air conditioning system is in a closed state at the moment. In this case, the driving unit 20 drives the pre-cooling device 6 to be in the retracted state, i.e., in the state 6b in fig. 4, controls the inlet check valve 31 of the water storage tank 3 to be in the open state, and controls the outlet check valve 32 to be in the closed state, so as to store the moisture generated by the fuel cell in the water storage tank 3, and at the same time, naturally cools the water storage tank for the next use.
Under the condition that the temperature in the vehicle is overhigh, the control unit sends a signal to start the air conditioning system, wherein the air conditioning system has two working modes: an evaporative cooling mode and a fan mode.
In the evaporation refrigeration mode, the control unit sends a signal to control the driving unit 20 to drive the precooling device 6 to be unfolded and to be in a 6a state, the precooling device and the fan 7 are positioned on the same air channel, the outlet one-way valve 31 of the cooled water storage room 30 in the water storage tank 3 is opened, and the water pump 4 conveys the cooled water to the water distributor 5 and sprays the cooled water onto the precooling device 6; meanwhile, the fan 7 starts to work to pump air outside the vehicle to the precooling device 6, when the high-temperature dry air passes through the precooling device 6, moisture in the precooling device 6 is evaporated, and the heat of the moisture evaporation comes from the passing air, so that the humidity of the air flowing out of the precooling device 6 is increased, the temperature is reduced (the process is called heat insulation and humidification), the purpose of refrigeration is achieved, and cold air is conveyed into the passenger compartment under the action of the fan 7.
Under the fan mode, the control unit sends a signal to control the driving unit 20 to pack up the pre-cooling plate 6 and to be in a 6b state, and the fan 7 works to directly convey air outside the vehicle to a passenger cabin to meet the heat dissipation requirement. In this mode, the inlet check valve 31 of the water storage tank 3 is opened, and the outlet check valve 32 is closed, so that the moisture generated in the fuel cell stack 1 is stored in the water storage tank 3, and natural cooling is performed for the next use.
When the fuel cell system is in operation, the inside of the stack is electrochemically reacted and generates water, which is wasted and may affect road conditions (especially, in winter, road surface may be frozen) if the water is directly discharged to the environment without being used. The water drainage unit 2 and the water storage tank 3 are arranged in the invention, and the water generated by the reaction of the fuel cell is collected and supplied to the air conditioning system for utilization, so that the refrigeration effect is achieved, and the water resource saving effect is achieved.
The above embodiments only describe the design principle of the present invention, and the shapes and names of the components in the description may be different without limitation. Therefore, a person skilled in the art of the present invention can modify or substitute the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a fuel cell stack, a water discharge unit, a water storage tank, and an evaporative cooling device, wherein:
the water discharging unit is used for separately collecting water generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell stack, the water storage tank is connected to the water discharging unit and used for receiving and storing the water generated by the fuel cell stack, the evaporative cooling device is connected with a water outlet of the water storage tank and used for enabling the stored water in the water storage tank to vaporize when in work, the latent heat of vaporization of the stored water is utilized for cooling, refrigeration is achieved, and the cooled air is conveyed into the fuel cell vehicle.
2. The air conditioning system of claim 1, further comprising a water pump mounted between the water storage tank and the evaporative cooling unit to provide water delivery power to the evaporative cooling unit.
3. The air conditioning system of claim 1, wherein the storage tank includes a plurality of storage compartments provided with inlet check valves and outlet check valves with the drain unit and the evaporative cooling device of the fuel cell, respectively.
4. The air conditioning system as claimed in claim 3, wherein a water level sensing unit is installed in the water storage tanks, and if one of the water storage compartments is filled with water, the inlet check valve of the water storage compartment is closed, and the inlet check valve of the other water storage compartment is opened to continue water storage.
5. The air conditioning system of claim 1, wherein the evaporative cooling device comprises a pre-cooling device and a fan, wherein the pre-cooling device is mounted at an air inlet of the fan.
6. The air conditioning system of claim 5, wherein the evaporative cooling device further comprises a water distributor installed right above the pre-cooling device for spraying water delivered by the water pump to the pre-cooling device.
7. The air conditioning system of claim 5 or 6, wherein the evaporative cooling device comprises a direct evaporative cooling device and an indirect evaporative cooling device. When the evaporative cooling device is a direct evaporative cooling device, only one fan is arranged, and the precooling device is arranged at an air inlet of the fan; when the evaporative cooling device is an indirect evaporative cooling device, two fans are arranged, and the precooling device is arranged at air inlets of the two fans.
8. The air conditioning system of claim 7, wherein the direct evaporative cooling apparatus further comprises a control unit for controlling the on and off and the operating mode of the air conditioning system.
9. The fuel cell vehicle air conditioning system according to claim 8, wherein the operation mode includes:
an evaporation refrigeration mode: the precooling device is unfolded, the water distributor sprays water to the precooling device, and the fan works;
a fan mode: the precooling device is retracted, the water distributor does not spray water to the precooling device, and the fan blows directly.
10. The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the direct evaporative cooling device further includes a driving unit, the driving unit is respectively connected to the control unit and the pre-cooling device, the control unit is further configured to control the driving unit to drive the pre-cooling device to expand when the direct evaporative cooling device is in operation, and control the driving unit to drive the pre-cooling device to retract when the direct evaporative cooling device is not in operation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110971792.7A CN115891554A (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110971792.7A CN115891554A (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115891554A true CN115891554A (en) | 2023-04-04 |
Family
ID=86471459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110971792.7A Pending CN115891554A (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115891554A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-08-24 CN CN202110971792.7A patent/CN115891554A/en active Pending
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