CN115888783A - Preparation method of high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst and application of catalyst in selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst and application of catalyst in selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene Download PDFInfo
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- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- SLCITEBLLYNBTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO.CC=1NC=CN1 Chemical compound CO.CC=1NC=CN1 SLCITEBLLYNBTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- ZTWIEIFKPFJRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororuthenium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl ZTWIEIFKPFJRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst and application of the catalyst in preparation of cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene, belonging to the field of preparation of catalytic materials. The ruthenium metal catalyst is prepared by an in-situ impregnation method, namely, directly adding ruthenium salt in situ in a product mixed solution of a hydro-thermal synthesis metal organic framework material ZIF-8 to fully diffuse the ruthenium salt into a ZIF-8 molecular cage, and then performing high-temperature roasting to perform limited-domain pyrolysis on the ruthenium salt to realize that ruthenium atoms are isolated and anchored on a nitrogen-doped carbon carrier framework derived from ZIF-8 and are composed of one or more of single atoms, double atoms or ruthenium atom clusters and loaded on a carrier in an amorphous state. The preparation method of the ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst has the advantages of high utilization rate of noble metal ruthenium, low preparation cost, simplicity, practicability, environmental protection and the like, and the prepared catalyst shows excellent benzene selective hydrogenation catalytic activity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst and application of the catalyst in selective hydrogenation of benzene to prepare cyclohexene, and belongs to the field of preparation of catalytic materials.
Background
Cyclohexene is an important organic chemical raw material, is widely applied to the production of bulk chemicals such as caprolactam, nylon-6, nylon-66 and the like, and plays an important role in national economic development. The selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene has long been considered to be very difficult to achieve industrially. In the 20 th century, 60 to 90 years, extensive studies were made in the United states, british, germany, japan, and the like. In 1989, the industrialization is realized in Japan, and the technology is transferred to China twice in 1995 and 2005, but the catalyst preparation technology is monopolized by the catalyst preparation technology all the time, and the autonomous and sustainable development of enterprises in China are severely restricted. Meanwhile, research is carried out by the national institute of the country, such as the nationality institute of the country, the national institute of science and chemistry of Changchun, the university of southern China, the university of Zhengzhou, and colleges, and the research result obtained by the university of Zhengzhou is the most prominent. Through continuous breakthrough and innovation of the Liuzhou Yiyi subject group of Zhengzhou university, the four-generation catalyst for preparing cyclohexene through selective hydrogenation of benzene is developed successively, and Ru-Zn-Na is realized in 2010 2 SiO 3 The integral technology industrialization of preparing cyclohexene and downstream products thereof by using the PEG-1000 catalyst breaks the foreign restriction for the first time. According to the domestic and foreign literature reports, the Ru-Zn bimetallic catalyst is the best benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst at present. Ru-Zn solid solution formed by Ru and Zn in the catalyst is a main active species, wherein Zn occupies a lattice position in Ru crystals, the property of Ru active centers is modified by an electronic effect and a geometric effect, and the Zn/Ru atomic ratio (0.28-0.32) and the solid solution crystal size (3.6-7.0 nm) are important control indexes of the catalyst. However, the traditional Ru-Zn metal catalyst still has the defects of low utilization rate of noble metal active components, high preparation cost and the like to different degreesTherefore, further research and development of a catalyst with low price and excellent performance to solve the problem of 'neck clamping' in preparation of cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene is still necessary, and the catalyst has wide application prospect and important practical significance.
In the course of the development of catalytic science, researchers have increased the metal atom utilization by continually reducing the size of the active metal particles to achieve high activity of the catalyst. The high-dispersion amorphous metal catalyst is characterized in that the metal active component is loaded on the carrier in an amorphous form of one or more species in atoms, diatoms or atom clusters through the strong interaction of metal and the carrier, so that the maximum metal utilization rate is achieved. Due to the advantages of low coordination property and structural uniformity of metal atoms, the catalyst shows some unique properties in the fields of electrocatalysis, organic catalysis, enzyme catalysis, photocatalysis and the like, and becomes a research hotspot in the catalysis field. In recent years, the preparation of highly dispersed, amorphous metal catalysts based on metal organic framework porous Materials (MOFs) has been more reported. Most of the active metal components and the synthesis raw materials of the MOF are mixed in advance, and the target catalyst is prepared in one step through a hydrothermal synthesis method, so that the active metal components are difficult to be completely captured by the generated MOF material, the loading rate of the active metal components is low, the utilization rate is low, the preparation cost of the catalyst is high, and the active metal components are difficult to apply to the traditional thermal catalysis field. In addition, no report is found on the application of the high-dispersion amorphous metal catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene.
Therefore, the method is guided by the industrial production requirement of cyclohexene, combines the traditional impregnation method and the ZIF-8 hydrothermal synthesis method, develops the in-situ impregnation method to prepare the ruthenium metal catalyst, and is applied to the reaction for preparing cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene, so as to break through the bottleneck of the production process, expand the preparation of the high-dispersion and amorphous metal catalyst and the application thereof in the traditional thermal catalysis field, and have important practical significance for the development of the petrochemical industry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium base and application of the high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium base in preparation of cyclohexene by catalytic benzene selective hydrogenation. The catalyst prepared by the invention shows excellent catalytic activity in the reaction of preparing cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene, and has the advantages of high utilization rate of noble metal active components, low preparation cost and simple and feasible preparation method.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-dispersity amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst is prepared by three steps of preparing a metal organic framework material ZIF-8, carrying out in-situ impregnation on ruthenium salt and roasting the catalyst.
The main preparation principle is as follows: directly adding ruthenium salt in situ in a product mixed solution of a hydro-thermal synthesis metal organic framework material ZIF-8 to fully diffuse the ruthenium salt into a ZIF-8 molecular cage, and then performing high-temperature roasting to perform limited-domain pyrolysis on the ruthenium salt to realize that a ruthenium metal component is anchored on a carrier framework in an amorphous state.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing a metal organic framework material ZIF-8 according to the molar ratio of zinc nitrate/2-methylimidazole of 1: 4. the volume ratio of the zinc nitrate methanol solution to the 2-methylimidazole methanol solution is 1:2 preparing a zinc nitrate methanol solution, dripping the zinc nitrate methanol solution into the 2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and stirring and reacting for 1 hour at room temperature. After the reaction, transferring the reaction mixed solution into a hydro-thermal synthesis reaction kettle, aging at 100-120 ℃ for 1-4 hours, centrifuging, washing with a methanol solution until the supernatant is clear and transparent, and finally obtaining a ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution containing a small amount of methanol;
(2) Ruthenium salt is dipped in situ, a certain amount of ruthenium metal compound methanol solution is added into ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution according to the load rate, the mixed solution is stirred at the temperature of 40 to 60 ℃ until the mixed solution is in a slurry state, and the mixed solution is naturally dried to obtain a solid powder catalyst primary product Ru/ZIF-8;
(3) And (2) roasting the catalyst, transferring the Ru/ZIF-8 solid powder into a crucible, raising the temperature to 900-1000 ℃ at a temperature of 10 ℃/min under the protection of protective gas in a tubular furnace, preserving the temperature for 3-5 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst Ru/CN, wherein the yield of the ruthenium metal in the catalyst is 100% after roasting.
The ruthenium metal compound is directly added into a ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution containing a small amount of methanol for in-situ impregnation; the ruthenium metal compound is ruthenium trichloride, ruthenium trichloride trihydrate and the like; the ruthenium metal loading rate is 0.1-1%.
The protective gas is 10% 2 and/Ar mixed gas.
The catalyst is used for the reaction of preparing cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene and shows excellent catalytic activity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst provided by the invention is prepared by three steps of preparing a metal organic framework material ZIF-8, in-situ impregnating ruthenium salt and roasting the catalyst by adopting an in-situ impregnation method, wherein a ruthenium metal component in the prepared nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded ruthenium metal monatomic catalyst is dispersed on a carrier in an amorphous form by one or more of monatomic, diatomic or metal cluster. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and can also be used for preparing other high-dispersion amorphous metal catalysts;
(2) The high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium metal catalyst prepared by the invention shows good catalytic activity in the reaction of preparing cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene. In a reaction system for preparing cyclohexene by catalytic benzene selective hydrogenation, the reaction is carried out for 90min at 180 ℃ and 4.0Mpa, the conversion rate of benzene can reach 50%, and the selectivity of cyclohexene is 55%. Compared with the Ru-Zn catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation method, the Ru-Zn catalyst has the same mass of the active components of the ruthenium metal in the catalyst as a reference, the cyclohexene yield of the catalyst is about 3.5 times that of the Ru-Zn catalyst, the ruthenium metal component in the Ru-Zn catalyst belongs to a nano form, and the ruthenium metal component in the catalyst is highly dispersed in an amorphous form, so that the activity of the Ru metal active component can be better exerted.
Therefore, the high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium metal catalyst prepared by the invention is suitable for the reaction of preparing cyclohexene by selective hydrogenation of benzene, the noble metal ruthenium of the catalyst has high utilization rate, low preparation cost, simplicity, feasibility, environmental protection and important practical significance for the development of the petrochemical industry in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an image under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of the support and the highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an image of the high-dispersion, amorphous ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst and support prepared in examples 1 to 5 under X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
FIG. 3 shows the results of the catalytic performance evaluation experiments for the catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 5.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of cyclohexene production at equivalent ruthenium metal usage for example 1 and commercial Ru-Zn catalysts.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1.0wt% preparation of Ru/CN:
(1) 15mL of a 0.15mol/L zinc nitrate hexahydrate methanol solution was added dropwise to 30mL of a 0.3 mol/L2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After the reaction, transferring the reaction mixed solution into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle, aging at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, centrifuging, washing with a methanol solution until the supernatant is clear and transparent, and finally obtaining a ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution (the ZIF-8 content is 40 wt%) containing a small amount of methanol;
(2) Weighing 2.5g of ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution, adding 500 mu L of ruthenium trichloride methanol solution (the concentration is 10 mg/mL), stirring at 60 ℃ until the mixed solution is in a slurry state, and naturally airing to obtain a solid powder catalyst primary product Ru/ZIF-8;
(3) Placing the Ru/ZIF-8 solid powder into a crucible and in a tube furnace 10% H 2 Under the protection of Ar gas, the room temperature is increased to 900 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is preserved for 3 hours, and the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature, thus obtaining the nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded ruthenium metal monatomic catalyst which is 1.0 percent by weight of Ru/CN. When the total amount of ruthenium metal in the metal salt was supported on the carrier after calcination, as calculated from the amount of ruthenium metal added and the ruthenium metal content in the metal salt, the yield of ruthenium metal was 100%, and at this time, the yield of nitrogen-doped carbon material was 25%.
As shown in FIG. 1, it was observed under SEM that the 1.0wt% Ru/CN microstructure was substantially in agreement with that of the support CN, and no metal grains were observed.
Example 2
0.5wt% Ru/CN:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the amount of the ruthenium trichloride methanol solution added was 250. Mu.L. To obtain a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst-0.5wt% -Ru/CN with a ruthenium metal yield of 100%.
Example 3
0.75wt% Ru/CN:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the amount of the ruthenium trichloride methanol solution added was 375. Mu.L. To obtain a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium metal benzene selective hydrogenation catalyst-0.75wt% Ru/CN, with a ruthenium metal yield of 100%.
Example 4
2.0wt% Ru/CN preparation:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the amount of the ruthenium trichloride methanol solution added was 1000. Mu.L.
Example 5
3.0wt% Ru/CN preparation:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the amount of the ruthenium trichloride methanol solution added was 1500. Mu.L.
Characterization of the above-obtained 0.5% wtru/CN, 0.75% wtru/CN, 1.0% wtru/CN, 2.0% ru/CN and 3.0% ru/CN catalysts was performed using an X-ray diffraction analysis apparatus, and as shown in fig. 2, the obtained XRD patterns exhibited diffraction peaks for carbon at 26 ° and 43 ° each, which coincided with the XRD pattern of the support, and no diffraction peaks characteristic of other metals were exhibited, indicating that the ruthenium metal component in the catalysts was highly dispersed in an amorphous form. It can be observed from the figure that when the loading rate of the ruthenium metal in the catalyst reaches 2.0wt% and 3.0wt%, diffraction peaks belonging to the ruthenium metal appear at 38.3 °, 42 ° and 44.5 ° in the spectrum, indicating that when the loading rate exceeds 1.0wt%, the ruthenium metal is agglomerated to form a crystalline structure and is not distributed in an amorphous form.
Application example 6
1.0wt% obtained in example 1 Ru/CN catalytic Activity evaluation:
the performance of the selective hydrogenation reaction of benzene was evaluated in a high-pressure autoclave having a capacity of 100 mL. 1.0g of 1.0% by weight Ru/CN prepared in example 1 above, 10mL of benzene and 10mL of deionized water were added to the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel was sealed, purged twice with nitrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, purged twice with hydrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, and then the hydrogen pressure was adjusted to 4.0MPa. Heating the autoclave to 180 ℃; the reaction stirring speed was 800rpm and the reaction time was 90min. The experimental results of the catalyst performance investigation are shown in fig. 3.
Application example 7
0.5wt% evaluation of Ru/CN catalytic Activity obtained in example 2:
the performance of the selective hydrogenation reaction of benzene was evaluated in a 100mL autoclave. 1.0g of 0.5wt% Ru/CN prepared in example 2 above, 10mL of benzene and 10mL of deionized water were added to the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel was sealed, purged twice with nitrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, purged twice with hydrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, and then the hydrogen pressure was adjusted to 4.0MPa. Heating the autoclave to 180 ℃; the reaction stirring speed was 800rpm and the reaction time was 90min. The experimental results of the catalyst performance investigation are shown in fig. 3.
Application example 8
0.75wt% Ru/CN catalytic Activity evaluation made in example 3:
the performance of the selective hydrogenation reaction of benzene was evaluated in a 100mL autoclave. Adding 1.0g of 0.75wt% Ru/CN prepared in example 3 above, 10mL of benzene and 10mL of deionized water to the reaction vessel, sealing the reaction vessel, purging the vessel with nitrogen twice at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, purging the vessel with hydrogen twice at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, and adjusting the hydrogen pressure to 4.0MPa. Heating the autoclave to 180 ℃; the reaction stirring speed was 800rpm and the reaction time was 90min. The experimental results of the catalyst performance investigation are shown in fig. 3.
Application example 9
The performance of the selective hydrogenation reaction of benzene was evaluated in a high-pressure autoclave having a capacity of 100 mL. 1.0g of 2.0wt% Ru/CN as prepared above for example 4, 10mL of benzene and 10mL of deionized water were added to the reactor, the reactor was sealed, purged twice with nitrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the reactor, and then purged twice with hydrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the reactor, and then the hydrogen pressure was adjusted to 4.0MPa. Heating the autoclave to 180 ℃; the reaction stirring speed was 800rpm and the reaction time was 90min. The experimental results of the catalyst performance investigation are shown in fig. 3.
Application example 10
The performance of the selective hydrogenation reaction of benzene was evaluated in a high-pressure autoclave having a capacity of 100 mL. 1.0g of 3.0% by weight Ru/CN prepared in example 5 above, 10mL of benzene and 10mL of deionized water were added to the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel was sealed, purged twice with nitrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, purged twice with hydrogen at room temperature to remove the nitrogen from the vessel, and then the hydrogen pressure was adjusted to 4.0MPa. Heating the autoclave to 180 ℃; the reaction stirring speed was 800rpm and the reaction time was 90min. The experimental results of the catalyst performance investigation are shown in fig. 3.
As shown in the figure 3, the benzene conversion rate is increased with the increase of the loading rate of the metal component of the catalyst, but when the loading rate exceeds 1.0wt%, the selectivity of the catalyst to cyclohexene is obviously reduced, and when the XRD spectrogram is combined, the metal active component does not exist in a highly dispersed and amorphous form. Therefore, the ruthenium metal component is dispersed in the catalyst in an amorphous state, and the effect of improving the selectivity of the cyclohexene is remarkable.
As shown in fig. 4, the cyclohexene yield of the catalyst of the present invention was compared to the commercial Ru-Zn catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method at the same amount of ruthenium metal, which is much higher than commercial catalyst. It can be shown that the ruthenium metal utilization of the catalyst is much higher than that of the commercial Ru-Zn catalyst.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: the catalyst is prepared by three steps of preparing a metal organic framework material ZIF-8, carrying out in-situ impregnation on ruthenium salt and roasting the catalyst.
2. The method for preparing a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the metal active component of the catalyst is ruthenium metal Ru which exists in an amorphous state; the carrier of the catalyst is a nitrogen-doped carbon material CN.
3. The method for preparing a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method specifically comprises the following three steps:
(1) Preparing a metal organic framework material ZIF-8: according to the molar ratio of zinc nitrate to 2-methylimidazole of 1: 4. the volume ratio of the zinc nitrate methanol solution to the 2-methylimidazole methanol solution is 1:2, respectively preparing a zinc nitrate methanol solution and a 2-methylimidazole methanol solution, dripping the prepared zinc nitrate methanol solution into the 2-methylimidazole methanol solution, and stirring and reacting at room temperature for 1 hour; after the reaction, transferring the reaction mixed solution into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle, aging for 1-4 hours at 100-120 ℃, centrifuging, washing with a methanol solution until the supernatant is clear and transparent, and finally obtaining a ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution with 30-60wt% of ZIF-8;
(2) Ruthenium salt in-situ impregnation: adding a ruthenium metal compound methanol solution into the ZIF-8 methanol mixed solution, stirring at 40-60 ℃ until the mixed solution is in a slurry state, and naturally airing to obtain a solid powder catalyst primary product Ru/ZIF-8;
(3) Roasting the catalyst: and transferring the Ru/ZIF-8 solid powder into a crucible, raising the temperature to 900-1000 ℃ at a temperature of 10 ℃/min in a chamber under the protection of protective gas in a tubular furnace, preserving the temperature for 3-5 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the high-dispersion amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst.
4. The method for preparing a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the ruthenium metal compound in the step (2) comprises ruthenium trichloride or ruthenium trichloride trihydrate.
5. The method for preparing a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the load rate of ruthenium metal in the catalyst is 0.1-1%.
6. The method for preparing a highly dispersed, amorphous ruthenium-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the protective gas described in step (3) is 10% 2 and/Ar mixed gas.
7. Use of a ruthenium-based catalyst obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the catalytic selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene.
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