CN115886714A - Method for measuring balance point adjustment and defocus property, lens design method and lens - Google Patents
Method for measuring balance point adjustment and defocus property, lens design method and lens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for measuring an adjustment balance point and a defocus property, a method for designing a lens, and a lens, comprising: 1. measuring the ametropia correction power under the maximum correction vision for far use of the left and right single eyes and the two eyes; 2. and placing the refractive correction power with the highest vision correction into a comprehensive optometry instrument, placing a special detection sighting target at a position 50cm away from the near sighting target rod when the pupil distance is used, watching the special detection sighting target at the position 50cm away from the near sighting target rod, detecting an adjustment balance point, and judging whether the adjustment is advanced or delayed. 3. And placing the refractive correction power with the highest corrected vision into a comprehensive optometry instrument, placing a special detection sighting mark at a position of 40cm away from the near sighting mark rod when the optometry instrument is used for far distance, watching the special detection sighting mark at the position of 40cm, if the horizontal line is reported to be clearer, indicating that the vision is out of focus, and if the vertical line is reported to be clearer, indicating that the vision is out of focus. 4. And selecting a corresponding piece type defocusing correction lens according to the detection result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of eye vision, and belongs to the technical application of vision correction and prevention and control.
Background
In the field of myopia prevention and control, an optometric prescription dispensing technology is a basic technology, and the corrected diopter power is subjectively judged by an optometrist according to the comfortable condition of a wearer all the time, and the correction compensation power which objectively reflects the real requirement of the optometrist is not provided, even some optometrists can randomly adjust the prescription for the wearing comfort and the autonomous requirement of the wearer, so that the myopia prevention and control effect is slight, and some optometries can accelerate the development of myopia.
With the continuous and deep research on modern vision, researchers find that visual cells of human eyes are respectively in an oblique funnel-shaped fovea (see a fovea morphology chart of a retina in fig. 1), in the diagram, the upper left corner is nose extension, the direction A is a light inlet direction, 1 is a ganglion cell, 2 is a bipolar cell, and 3 is a visual cell (including a cone cell and a rod cell), when the fovea is not completely coincided with an image of the eye, a defocusing phenomenon occurs, if an image of an edge falls in front of the retina, a hyperopic defocusing phenomenon exists, if the hyperopic defocusing phenomenon exists later, the defocusing phenomenon can cause form deprivation, so that myopia is continuously deepened, which is also a problem which cannot be solved in a conventional optometric, and if a method for measuring the defocusing state is found, and an appropriate lens is found according to the measurement, the profound significance is brought to myopia prevention and control.
The invention adopts a comparison method to objectively reflect the retina imaging condition and the visual effect of the dispenser, judge the appropriate objective refractive correction degree, particularly find the appropriate out-of-focus correction lens for the dispenser, and form the best myopia prevention and control effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring an adjusting balance point, which comprises the following steps:
1. measuring the far-use ametropia correction degrees of the left and right single eyes and the two eyes according to the requirements of an operation manual of the comprehensive optometry instrument;
2. wearing corrective glasses to watch the visual acuity chart, selecting the far ametropia correction degree as a basic correction degree, observing the far visual acuity chart at a position of 5m, detecting the best correction visual acuity, increasing or decreasing the sphere power on two eyes simultaneously, and enabling a detected person to find the highest correction visual acuity, wherein the sphere power is increased continuously along with the improvement of the visual acuity until the sphere power cannot be increased, and the refractive correction degree at the moment is the refractive correction degree of the highest correction visual acuity;
3. the comprehensive optometry instrument is internally provided with far vision correction power and near pupil distance under the highest correction vision of a detected person, a special detection visual target is placed at a position of 50cm close to a short-sight target rod, a near lamp is not opened, light rays are kept dim, two eye sight holes are internally provided with auxiliary lenses of a fusion cross cylindrical lens at +/-0.50 positions, the two eyes of the detected person are opened, the special detection visual target at the position of 50cm is watched, if the detected person reports that the horizontal line is clear, the detected person is in adjustment lag, an emmetroscope is added before the two eyes until the horizontal line and the vertical line are clear, and the added emmetroscope is the adjustment lag;
if the vertical line reported by the examinee is clear, the examinee is the adjustment advance, the negative spherical mirror is added in front of both eyes at the same time until the horizontal and vertical lines are clear, and the added negative spherical mirror is the adjustment advance;
the lag or lead of the adjustment, then representing the amount of difference between the corrected refractive condition and the adjustment balance point;
if the horizontal line and the vertical line reported by the detected person are clear, the detected person has no lag or lead of adjustment, and the refraction compensation point is the adjustment balance point;
the degree of refractive correction at the balance point is adjusted to the prescription for refractive correction of the dispenser.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the defocusing property, which comprises the following steps: the comprehensive optometry instrument is internally provided with far ametropia correction degrees and far pupil distance for the highest vision correction of a subject, a special detection sighting target is placed at a position 40cm away from a short-sight sighting rod, light rays keep dim, two eye sight holes are arranged at positions +/-0.50 of an auxiliary lens of a fusion cross cylindrical lens, the subject stares at the special detection sighting target, and if the subject reports that a horizontal line is clear, the far ametropia correction degrees and the far pupil distance represent far-sight defocusing; if the vertical line is reported to be clearer by the detected person, myopic defocusing is indicated, if the horizontal line is as clear as the vertical line, the positive spherical lens is added to the front of the eyes at the same time until the horizontal line is fuzzy, the added lens power is recorded, the ox eyes are restored to the initial state, the negative spherical lens is added to the front of the eyes at the same time until the vertical line is fuzzy, the added lens power is recorded, the added lens power is compared, and if the added lens power is equal to the negative spherical lens power, the defocusing problem does not exist; if the positive sphere lens is larger than the negative sphere lens, the myopic defocus is represented; if the positive sphere is smaller than the negative sphere, it indicates hyperopic defocus.
Preferably, the refractive correction power is the refractive correction power at the position of the equilibrium point.
The invention also provides a design method of the hyperopic defocus correcting lens, the lens adopts a free-form surface, the shell-shaped periphery is out of focus, the progressive zoom design is carried out, X and Y respectively represent a designed basic horizontal reference line and a designed vertical reference line, the intersection point is 0, the Y' reference line is a lower half area progressive variable reference line which is intersected with the vertical reference line Y at an included angle of alpha =15 degrees and passes through the center 0, and the correcting area is formed according to the diameter
The radius of the lens is increased to 6.5mm +/-0.5 mm along a Y' reference line, the physiological characteristics of intraocular pronation in the physiological process of visual near observation are met, the defocusing part of the lens except for a correction area adopts gradual change, the myopic degree gradually reduces, 5 measurement areas are adopted, the zooming meets the distance between each area measurement point and the center according to the physiological characteristics of the fovea centralis, and the gradual change meets the monitoring requirements of related measurement points according to uniform zooming;
or the design method of the myopic defocus correcting lens adopts a free curved surface, shell-shaped peripheral defocus and progressive zoom design, X and Y respectively represent a designed basic horizontal reference line and a vertical reference line, the intersection point is 0, the Y' reference line is a lower half area progressive variable reference line which is intersected with the vertical reference line Y at an included angle of alpha =15 degrees and passes through the center 0, and the correcting area is directly according to the method that the lens is directly corrected
And the radius of the position is increased to 6.5mm +/-0.5 mm along the Y' reference line, the physiological characteristics of the intraocular pronation in the physiological process of visual near observation are met, the defocusing part of the lens except the correction area adopts a gradual change mode, the myopic degree gradually increases, 5 measurement areas are adopted, the zooming satisfies the distance between the measurement point of each area and the center according to the physiological characteristics of the fovea center, and the gradual change mode is characterized in thatThe zoom is uniform and the monitoring requirements of the relevant measurement points are met.
Further, this application still provides out of focus lens, is equipped with far away in the middle of the lens and uses the district, far away outside using the district, carries out the design of progressively out of focus, including a plurality of layers of out of focus progressive district, the similar oval conchoidal form of shape zooms and adopts evenly progressively.
Preferably, the distal zone diameter
The invention also provides a special detection sighting mark, which comprises 12cm x 10cm white matt coated paper, wherein 4 lines with the width of 0.5mm black solid lines are drawn in the center of the paper in the vertical direction, the line length is 55mm, the central distance between the lines is 11mm, 4 lines are drawn in the horizontal direction, the line length is 55mm, and the central distance between the lines is 11mm.
The invention provides a method for accurately and qualitatively analyzing the vision of a detected person by adopting the existing equipment and scientific method, giving the accurate degree of wearing glasses, and scientifically designing the glasses according to the degree, finally obtaining the glasses which most meet the requirements, and being beneficial to protecting the vision of eyes without further development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the foveal morphology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fusional cross-prism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dedicated detection optotype;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an out-of-focus lens design;
fig. 5 is a lens topography.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings and tables.
The invention adopts a fusion cross cylindrical lens by a comprehensive optometry instrument, which is shown in figure 2, and a special detection visual target (a horizontal and vertical line visual target), which is shown in figure 3, to detect and adjust a balance point and judge the optimal correction degree of the refractive correction; and meanwhile, judging a proper out-of-focus correction sheet type lens for refractive correction, wherein the method for measuring the balance point adjustment and out-of-focus properties comprises the following steps:
1. measuring the far-use ametropia correction degrees of the left and right single eyes and the two eyes according to the requirements of an operation manual of the comprehensive optometry instrument;
2. wearing corrective glasses to watch the visual acuity chart, selecting the far ametropia correction degree as a basic correction degree, observing the far visual acuity chart at a position of 5m, detecting the best correction visual acuity, increasing or decreasing the sphere power on two eyes simultaneously, and enabling a detected person to find the highest correction visual acuity, wherein the sphere power is increased continuously along with the improvement of the visual acuity until the sphere power cannot be increased, and the refractive correction degree at the moment is the refractive correction degree of the highest correction visual acuity;
3. the method comprises the steps that a far-vision maximum-correction refractive correction degree under vision and a near-vision pupil distance of a detected person are placed in a comprehensive optometry instrument, a special detection visual target is placed at a position 50cm away from a near-vision target rod, a near-vision lamp is not opened, light keeps dim, two eye visual holes are placed at +/-0.50 positions of auxiliary lenses of a fusion cross cylindrical lens, the two eyes of the detected person are opened, the special detection visual target at the position 50cm is watched, if the detected person reports that a horizontal line is clear, the detected person is in adjustment lag, an emmetroscope is added to the horizontal and vertical lines in front of the two eyes at the same time, and the added emmetroscope is the adjustment lag amount of the emmetroscope;
if the vertical line reported by the examinee is clear, the examinee is the adjustment advance, the negative spherical mirror is added in front of both eyes at the same time until the horizontal and vertical lines are clear, and the added negative spherical mirror is the adjustment advance;
the lag or lead of the adjustment, then representing the amount of difference between the corrected refractive condition and the adjustment balance point;
if the horizontal line and the vertical line reported by the detected person are clear, the detected person has no lag or lead of adjustment, and the refraction compensation point is the adjustment balance point;
adjusting the power of the refractive correction at the balance point suggests prescribing power for the refractive correction for the dispenser.
Next, a method for determining defocus properties is provided, comprising the steps of: the comprehensive optometry instrument is internally provided with a far ametropia correction degree and a far pupil distance for the highest vision correction of a subject, a special detection sighting target is placed at a position of 40cm of a short-sight sighting target rod, a near lamp is not opened generally, light rays are kept dim, two eye sight holes are placed at +/-0.50 positions of an auxiliary lens of a fusion cross cylindrical lens, the two eyes of the subject are opened, and the special detection sighting target at the position of 40cm is watched. If the detected person reports that the horizontal line is clear, the detected person indicates that the hyperopic defocus is generated; if the subject reports that the vertical line is clear, myopic defocus is indicated. If the horizontal line is as clear as the vertical line, simultaneously adding a positive spherical lens (convex lens) to the horizontal line before the eyes to generate blur, recording the added lens power, restoring the ox eyes to the initial state, simultaneously adding a negative spherical lens (concave lens) to the vertical line before the eyes to generate blur, recording the added lens power, comparing the added positive spherical lens power with the added negative spherical lens power, and if the positive spherical lens power and the negative spherical lens power are equal, indicating that the defocusing problem does not exist; if the positive sphere lens is larger than the negative sphere lens, the myopic defocus is represented; if the positive sphere is smaller than the negative sphere, it indicates hyperopic defocus.
For those who do not have defocus problems, ciliary muscle training or normal lens correction is recommended.
For hyperopic defocus, peripheral hyperopic defocus lens correction is proposed.
For myopic defocus, peripheral myopic defocus lens correction is proposed.
To prevent further progression of myopia, it is recommended that all refractive corrections be in the order of the refractive correction at the point of equilibrium.
4. Design of hyperopic defocus corrective lenses:
according to the shape characteristics of fovea of retina of human eyes, the far-vision defocusing lens adopts a free curved surface, shell-shaped peripheral defocusing and progressive zooming design, referring to fig. 4, the upper right corner in the drawing is the nose side, X and Y respectively represent a designed basic horizontal reference line and a designed vertical reference line, the intersection point is 0, the Y' reference line is a lower half area progressive variable reference line which is intersected with the vertical reference line Y at an included angle of alpha =15 degrees and passes through the center 0, and the correction area is formed according to the diameter
And the radius of the position is increased to 6.5mm +/-0.5 mm along the Y' reference line, so that the visual effect of the student is satisfiedIn the physiological characteristics of intraocular pronation in the course of treatment, except for the correction area, the defocus part of the lens adopts gradual change, the myopia degree gradually decreases, 5 measurement areas are adopted, and the zooming satisfies the distance from the measurement point of each area to the center according to the physiological characteristics of the fovea
Table 1) which is graduated in accordance with uniform zooming and meets the monitoring requirements of the relevant measuring points, see table 1,
| number of measuring points | Focal power of variable focus | Each a point is from the center | Each b point is from the center | Each c point is from the center | Each d point is from the |
| 1 | 0.00D | 5mm | 5mm | 5mm | 6.5 |
| 2 | +0.25D | 8 | 7 | 9 | 7.5 |
| 3 | +0.75D | 11 | 9 | 13 | 8.5 |
| 4 | +1.27D | 14 | 11 | 17 | 9.5 |
| 5 | +1.75D | 17 | 13 | 21 | 10.5 |
TABLE 1
5. The design of the myopic defocusing lens adopts a free-form surface, the periphery of the shell shape is defocused, and the design of progressive zooming is adopted according to the foveal shape characteristics of the retina of a human eye, see figure 4, and the difference between the myopic defocusing lens and the hyperopic defocusing lens lies in that progressive zooming adopts gradual increase of myopic degrees, and the specific change refers to table 2.
| Number of measuring points | Focal power of variable focus | Each a point is from the center | Each b point is from the center | Each c point is away from the center | Each d point is from the |
| 1 | 0.00D | 5mm | 5mm | 5mm | 6.5mm |
| 2 | -0.25D | 8 | 7 | 9 | 7.5 |
| 3 | -0.50D | 11 | 9 | 13 | 8.5 |
| 4 | -1.75D | 14 | 11 | 17 | 9.5 |
| 5 | -1.00D | 17 | 13 | 21 | 10.5 |
TABLE 2
The invention adopts the existing equipment, carries out scientific and reasonable design by utilizing the physiological characteristics of human eyeballs, tests and adjusts balance points and defocusing properties, has accurate data, is beneficial to the vision disorder person to obtain scientific and accurate glasses degree, and achieves the aim of protecting vision.
6. Designing a functional area of the defocused lens:
as shown in FIG. 5, the defocused lens of the present application adopts a far zone 10 with a diameter ensuring normal correction
Outside the area, the progressive defocus design is carried out, the shapes of the defocus progressive areas 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 are similar to an elliptic shell shape, zooming adopts uniform progression, and the lower part gradual change trends of the left eye and the right eye converge on the nose side according to the physiological characteristics of human eyes. The free-form surface of the lens is automatically formed by the numerical control machine according to the dioptric requirements of these points, with reference to the data recorded in the table of actual measurements.
7. The special detection sighting target adopted by the application has the following standard: using 12cm x 10cm white matt coated paper, drawing 4 lines in the vertical direction, the line length of 55mm, the center distance between lines of 11mm, drawing 4 lines in the horizontal direction, the line length of 55mm and the center distance between lines of 11mm by using black solid lines with the width of 0.5mm in the center of the paper, and showing a graph in fig. 3.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring an adjusting balance point is characterized in that a comprehensive optometry instrument, a fusion cross cylindrical lens and a special detection sighting target are adopted, and the following steps are adopted:
1) Measuring the far-use ametropia correction degrees of the left and right single eyes and the two eyes;
2) Wearing corrective glasses to watch the visual acuity chart, selecting the far ametropia correction degree as a basic correction degree, observing the far visual acuity chart at a position of 5m, detecting the best correction visual acuity, increasing or decreasing the sphere power on two eyes simultaneously, and enabling a detected person to find the highest correction visual acuity, wherein the sphere power is increased continuously along with the improvement of the visual acuity until the sphere power cannot be increased, and the refractive correction degree at the moment is the refractive correction degree of the highest correction visual acuity;
3) The comprehensive optometry instrument is internally provided with far vision correction power and near pupil distance under the highest correction vision of a detected person, a special detection visual target is placed at a position of 50cm close to a short-sight target rod, a near lamp is not opened, light rays are kept dim, two eye sight holes are internally provided with auxiliary lenses of a fusion cross cylindrical lens at +/-0.50 positions, the two eyes of the detected person are opened, the special detection visual target at the position of 50cm is watched, if the detected person reports that the horizontal line is clear, the detected person is in adjustment lag, an emmetroscope is added before the two eyes until the horizontal line and the vertical line are clear, and the added emmetroscope is the adjustment lag;
if the vertical line reported by the examinee is clear, the examinee is the adjustment advance, the negative spherical mirror is added in front of both eyes at the same time until the horizontal and vertical lines are clear, and the added negative spherical mirror is the adjustment advance;
the lag or lead of the accommodation, which represents the amount of difference between the corrected refractive condition and the accommodation balance point;
if the horizontal line and the vertical line reported by the detected person are clear, the detected person has no lag or lead of adjustment, and the refraction compensation point is the adjustment balance point;
the degree of refractive correction at the adjustment balance point is the prescription for refractive correction for the dispenser.
2. A method for measuring defocus properties, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
the comprehensive optometry instrument is internally provided with far ametropia correction degree and far pupil distance which are used for correcting the highest vision of a detected person, a special detection sighting mark is placed at a position of 40cm of a short-sight sighting mark rod, light rays are kept dark, two eye sight holes are arranged at plus or minus 0.50 positions of auxiliary lenses of a fusion cross cylindrical lens, the detected person watches the special detection sighting mark, and if the detected person reports that a horizontal line is clear, the long-sight defocusing is represented; if the vertical line reported by the examinee is clear, myopic defocus is indicated, if the horizontal line is as clear as the vertical line, the positive sphere lens is added to the horizontal line to be fuzzy in front of both eyes, the added lens power is recorded, the bull eye is restored to the initial state, the negative sphere lens is added to the vertical line to be fuzzy in front of both eyes, the added lens power is recorded, the added positive sphere lens power and the added negative sphere lens power are compared, and if the added positive sphere lens power and the added negative sphere lens power are equal, the defocus problem is not present; if the positive sphere lens is larger than the negative sphere lens, the myopic defocus is represented; if the positive sphere is smaller than the negative sphere, it indicates hyperopic defocus.
3. The assay of claim 2, wherein the refractive correction powers are each a refractive correction power at a location of an equilibrium point.
4. The design method of the far-vision out-of-focus correction lens is characterized in that a free-form surface, shell-shaped periphery out-of-focus, progressive zooming design is adopted, X and Y respectively represent a designed basic horizontal reference line and a designed vertical reference line, a cross point is 0, a Y' reference line is a lower half area progressive variable reference line which is intersected with the vertical reference line Y at an included angle of alpha =15 degrees and passes through the center 0, and a correction area is directly
And the radius of the lens is increased to 6.5mm +/-0.5 mm along the Y' reference line, the physiological characteristics of the intraocular pronation in the physiological process of visual near observation are met, except for the correction area, the defocusing part of the lens adopts progressive change, the near vision degree gradually reduces, 5 measurement areas are adopted according to the centerThe concave physiological characteristics of the zoom lens meet the distance between each regional measurement point and the center, and the zoom lens gradually changes according to uniform zoom and meet the monitoring requirements of related measurement points.
5. The design method of the myopic defocus correcting lens is characterized in that a free-form surface, shell-shaped peripheral defocus and progressive zoom design are adopted, X and Y respectively represent a designed basic horizontal reference line and a designed vertical reference line, the intersection point is 0, the Y' reference line is a lower half area progressive variable reference line which is intersected with the vertical reference line Y at an included angle of alpha =15 degrees and passes through the center 0, and the correcting area is directly
And the radius of the part is increased to 6.5mm +/-0.5 mm along the Y' reference line, the physiological characteristics of the intraocular pronation in the physiological process of visual near seeing are met, the defocusing parts of the lenses except the correction area all adopt progressive change, the myopic degree is gradually increased, 5 measurement areas are adopted, the zooming meets the distance between the measurement point of each area and the center according to the physiological characteristics of the fovea, and the gradual change meets the monitoring requirements of the related measurement points according to uniform zooming.
6. Out of focus lens, its characterized in that: the lens is characterized in that a far area is arranged in the middle of the lens, and progressive defocusing design is performed outside the far area and comprises a plurality of layers of defocusing progressive areas, the shape of each defocusing progressive area is similar to that of an oval shell, and zooming is uniform and progressive.
7. The defocused optic of claim 6, wherein the distal zone diameter
8. The special detection visual target is characterized by comprising 12cm-10cm white matt coated paper, wherein 4 lines are drawn in the vertical direction, the line length is 55mm, the central distance between the lines is 11mm, 4 lines are drawn in the horizontal direction, the line length is 55mm, and the central distance between the lines is 11mm in the middle of the paper by using black solid lines with the width of 0.5 mm.
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