CN115882566A - Battery charging and discharging management method and system, terminal equipment and medium - Google Patents
Battery charging and discharging management method and system, terminal equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
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- SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium Chemical compound [Li][Li] SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application discloses a battery charging and discharging management method, a system, terminal equipment and a medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the temperature of the battery and/or the state of charge of the battery during charging of the battery; and (3) performing high-rate and low-rate conversion based on the temperature and/or the critical state of charge related to lithium precipitation, and realizing the charging of the battery in an alternating manner of high rate and low rate. The method adopts a high-low multiplying power alternative charging and discharging mode, realizes quick charging and discharging in a high multiplying power charging and discharging stage, and reduces charging and discharging time; when the temperature of the battery is overhigh during high-rate charging and discharging or the critical state of charge related to lithium separation is reached, low-rate charging is switched, lithium separation of the battery is avoided, the safety of the battery charging process is improved, meanwhile, the quick charging characteristic of the battery is fully guaranteed, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates generally to the field of battery charging and discharging technologies, and in particular, to a battery charging and discharging management method, system, terminal device, and medium.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, light weight, no memory effect, environmental protection, long service life and the like, is widely applied to the fields of power, energy storage, digital code and the like, and has wide application prospect.
However, if high-rate charging and discharging is performed blindly, the inside of the lithium battery is prone to serious heat generation, and the polarization phenomenon of the lithium battery is aggravated, the polarization voltage can slow down the chemical reaction inside the lithium ion lithium battery, the charging and discharging speed is slowed down, the chargeable capacity is also reduced, and the charging and discharging efficiency of the lithium battery is affected. Meanwhile, the lithium battery can be irreversibly separated due to overhigh charging and discharging current, the service life of the lithium battery is shortened, and irreversible damage is caused to the lithium battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it is desirable to provide a battery charging and discharging management method, system, terminal device and medium, which can improve charging safety while realizing rapid charging and discharging of a battery.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery charging and discharging management method, including:
monitoring the temperature of the battery and/or the state of charge of the battery during charging of the battery;
and (3) performing high-rate and low-rate conversion based on the temperature and/or the critical state of charge related to lithium precipitation, and realizing the charging of the battery in an alternating manner of high rate and low rate.
Optionally, the step of alternating the high rate and the low rate based on the temperature comprises:
s110, monitoring the temperature of the battery, and charging and discharging the battery according to high multiplying power;
s120, when the temperature of the battery is higher than a first temperature threshold value, switching to low magnification to continue charging and discharging the battery;
s130, in the process that the battery continues to be charged and discharged, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second temperature threshold value, switching to a high multiplying power to continue charging and discharging the battery;
and S140, repeating S120 and S130 until the battery charging and discharging process is finished.
Optionally, the step of alternating high and low rates based on a critical state of charge associated with lithium evolution comprises:
s210, monitoring the state of charge of the battery, and charging the battery according to high magnification;
s220, when the charge state of the battery reaches a first charge state, switching to a low-rate mode to continue charging the battery, wherein the first charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 1 ＝SOC T -SOC M
wherein, SOC 1 Is in a first state of charge;
SOC T the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the high rate, wherein the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, during which lithium precipitation occurs for the first time in the high rate charging stage;
SOC M a first safety margin;
s230, when the battery is charged by using the low-rate power to reach a second charge state, the battery is switched to the high-rate power to continue charging, and the second charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 2 ＝SOC T +SOC N
wherein, SOC 2 At a second state of charge, SOC 2 ＜100％；
SOC T The critical state of charge corresponding to the last high-rate charging stage;
SOC N a second safety margin;
and S240, repeating S210-S230 until the battery charging process is finished.
Optionally, the step of alternating high and low rates based on temperature and critical state of charge associated with lithium deposition comprises:
s310, monitoring the temperature and the state of charge of the battery, and charging the battery according to high magnification;
s320, when the temperature of the battery is higher than a first temperature threshold value or the state of charge of the battery reaches a first state of charge, switching to low-rate power to continue charging the battery, wherein the first state of charge meets the following conditions:
SOC 1 ＝SOC T -SOC M
therein, SOC 1 A first state of charge;
SOC T the critical state of charge is the critical state of charge of the high rate, wherein the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, in which lithium is separated out for the first time in the high rate charging stage;
SOC M a first safety margin;
s330, in the process that the battery is continuously charged, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second temperature threshold and the state of charge of the battery reaches a second state of charge, switching to a high magnification to continuously charge the battery, wherein the second state of charge meets the following requirements:
SOC 2 ＝SOC T +SOC N
therein, SOC 2 At a second state of charge, SOC 2 ＜100％；
SOC T The critical charge state corresponding to the previous high-rate charging stage;
SOC N a second safety margin;
and S340, repeating S310-S330 until the battery charging process is finished.
Optionally, the high magnification C H In the range of 1C < C H Cmax, wherein Cmax is the maximum charge rate allowed by the battery; the low multiplying power C L In the range of 0 to C L ≤1C。
Optionally, the battery is charged in a manner of alternately adopting a high-rate and a low-rate mode until the charging is finished, and the high-rate used each time is the same or different;
under the condition that the high multiplying power used each time is different, the high multiplying power used each time is gradually reduced, or the currently used high multiplying power is larger than or equal to the high multiplying power used at the next time.
Optionally, the low-rate is selected from a maximum charging rate at which lithium deposition does not occur in the battery when the battery is continuously charged in a critical state of charge and discharge at a high rate used in a previous charging stage.
Optionally, a first safety margin SOC M Is a fixed value, and satisfies: SOC (state of charge) of more than or equal to 3 percent M Less than or equal to 10 percent; second safety margin SOC N Is a fixed value, and satisfies: SOC of 3% or more N ≤10％。
Optionally, the first temperature threshold T1 is a fixed value, and satisfies: t1 is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 60 ℃; the second temperature threshold T2 is a fixed value and satisfies: t2 is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than or equal to 40 ℃.
Optionally, each lithium deposition point of the battery during high-rate charging and the critical state of charge corresponding to the lithium deposition point are obtained in advance, and the obtaining method includes:
charging a plurality of batteries by respectively adopting different multiplying powers;
and performing lithium analysis detection on the battery under different charge states to obtain each lithium analysis point of the battery in the charging process at different multiplying powers and a critical charge state corresponding to the lithium analysis point.
Optionally, the lithium analysis detection is performed on the battery at different states of charge, and the method includes:
disassembling batteries with different charge states;
and (3) performing microstructure characterization on the disassembled pole piece of the battery by adopting any one method of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM).
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery charge and discharge management system for implementing the battery charge and discharge management method as defined in any one of the above, the system comprising:
the temperature monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature of the battery;
the charge state monitoring module is used for monitoring the charge state of the battery;
the charging and discharging management module is connected with the temperature monitoring module and the state of charge monitoring module, and is used for carrying out conversion of high multiplying power and low multiplying power based on temperature and/or critical state of charge related to lithium precipitation, and charging of the battery is realized in a mode of alternating high multiplying power and low multiplying power.
Optionally, the charge and discharge management module stores a comparison relation file of lithium analysis points and states of charge of the battery under charging at different rates.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a terminal device, including:
one or more processors;
the memory is used for storing one or more programs and storing a comparison relation file of lithium analysis points and the state of charge of the battery under different charging rates;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a battery charge and discharge management method as any one of the above.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for implementing a battery charge and discharge management method as defined in any one of the above.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can have the following beneficial effects:
according to the battery charge and discharge management method provided by the embodiment of the application, a high-low-rate alternative charge and discharge mode is adopted, rapid charge and discharge are realized in a high-rate charge and discharge stage, and the charge and discharge time is reduced; when the temperature of the battery is overhigh during high-rate charge and discharge, the temperature of the battery is reduced during charge and discharge by adopting low-rate charge and discharge, and the phenomena of battery bulge and the like caused by overhigh temperature are prevented; in addition, the charge state of the battery is monitored in the high-rate charging process, and the low-rate charging is switched when the critical charge state related to lithium precipitation is reached in the high-rate charging process, so that the lithium precipitation of the battery is avoided, the safety of the battery charging process is improved, the quick charging characteristic of the battery is fully guaranteed, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging management method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of another battery charge/discharge management method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a temperature profile provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating a method for managing charging and discharging of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging management method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a SEM schematic view of a negative electrode of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging management method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a timing chart of a battery charging and discharging management method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging and discharging management system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The phenomenon of lithium precipitation, which is a phenomenon of precipitation of metallic lithium in the negative electrode of the battery, may occur during the charging process of the battery with a larger rate. This is because Li + is extracted from the positive electrode and inserted into the negative electrode when the lithium ion battery is charged; but when some abnormal conditions: if the lithium insertion space of the negative electrode is insufficient, the Li + is too large in the negative electrode insertion resistance, the Li + is too quickly extracted from the positive electrode but cannot be equally inserted into the negative electrode, and the like, the Li + which cannot be inserted into the negative electrode can only obtain electrons on the surface of the negative electrode, so that a silver-white metal lithium simple substance, namely lithium is formed.
Referring to fig. 1 in detail, the present application provides a battery charging and discharging management method, including:
s02, monitoring the temperature and/or the charge state of the battery in the charging process of the battery;
and S04, performing high-rate and low-rate conversion based on temperature and/or a critical state of charge related to lithium precipitation, and realizing charging of the battery in a high-rate and low-rate alternating mode.
In the embodiment of the application, a high-low rate alternative charging and discharging mode is adopted, rapid charging and discharging are realized in a high rate charging and discharging stage, the charging and discharging time is reduced, when the temperature of a battery is overhigh during high rate charging and discharging, the temperature of the battery during charging and discharging is reduced by adopting low rate charging and discharging, and the phenomena that the battery bulges and the like are caused by overhigh temperature are prevented; in addition, the charge state of the battery is monitored in the high-rate charging process, and the low-rate charging is switched when the critical charge state related to lithium precipitation is reached in the high-rate charging process, so that the lithium precipitation of the battery is avoided, the safety of the battery charging process is improved, the quick charging characteristic of the battery is fully ensured, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
It is noted that specific numerical values of "high magnification" and "low magnification" are not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and in different embodiments, the high magnification may be a first magnification and the low magnification may be a second magnification, where the numerical value of the first magnification is greater than the numerical value of the second magnification. And different high multiplying power and low multiplying power are selected according to different types of batteries in specific application.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the temperature characteristic and the lithium separation characteristic of the battery are considered at the same time, and because the initial electric quantity of the battery is different or the electric quantity at the end of charging is different, in the high-rate charging process, the temperature monitoring condition or the state of charge monitoring condition related to lithium separation may be reached first, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. No matter what condition the battery reaches first, the condition is taken as the condition of high-low rate conversion. The following will describe in detail by way of examples.
In the present embodiment, the high-rate charge-discharge phase is a high-rate charge-discharge phase when high-rate charge-discharge is adopted, and the low-rate charge-discharge phase is adopted when low-rate charge-discharge is adopted, and in the present embodiment, specific numbers of the high-rate charge-discharge phase and the low-rate charge-discharge phase in a charge-discharge cycle are not limited, and in different embodiments, two, three, or more charge (discharge) phases may be adopted, for example, four charge phases are included in the charge process, the first charge phase and the third charge phase adopt high charge rates, and the second charge phase and the fourth charge phase adopt low charge rates.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the step of alternating the high magnification and the low magnification based on the temperature includes:
s110, monitoring the temperature of the battery, and charging and discharging the battery according to high multiplying power;
s120, when the temperature of the battery is higher than a first temperature threshold value, switching to low magnification to continue charging and discharging the battery;
s130, in the process that the battery continues to be charged and discharged, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second temperature threshold value, switching to a high multiplying power to continue charging and discharging the battery;
and S140, repeating S120 and S130 until the battery charging and discharging process is finished.
In the embodiment of the application, in the charging or discharging process of the battery, a high-low multiplying power alternative mode is adopted, and an overhigh temperature phenomenon occurs in the high-multiplying power charging and discharging process of the battery, so that the charging and discharging current of the battery in the current charging and discharging process is reduced, the charging and discharging process of the battery is maintained by adopting a low-current mode, and meanwhile, the battery is cooled by adopting a low-multiplying power charging and discharging mode, so that the overhigh temperature of the battery is effectively inhibited, and the battery can be continuously switched to the high-multiplying power charging and discharging mode after being charged and discharged for a period of time by adopting the low-multiplying power charging and discharging mode until the battery is charged.
In this application, the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold are not limited to specific numerical values, and may be set according to requirements in different embodiments, and the same temperature threshold may be set at different charging rates, and different temperature thresholds may also be set, which is not limited in this application. For example, can be obtained by means of simulation experiments. Specifically, a temperature monitoring module (e.g., a temperature sensor) is arranged on the battery cell, the plurality of batteries are charged with different multiplying powers, the temperatures of the battery cell in different SOC states are obtained, and temperature values at each charging multiplying power, such as temperature maximum values, temperature minimum values, temperature average values, and the like, are respectively verified to obtain calibrated temperature thresholds. Fig. 3 shows a temperature profile for different charging rates.
Illustratively, the first temperature threshold T1 is a fixed value and satisfies: t1 is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 60 ℃; the second temperature threshold T2 is a fixed value and satisfies: t2 is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than or equal to 40 ℃.
Understandably, in the embodiment of the present application, whether the battery is charged or not may be determined according to different situations, for example, it may be determined that the battery is charged after the current SOC value of the battery reaches the preset SOC value; in another scenario, the battery may also be powered off in advance, for example, the battery cannot be charged continuously due to sudden power failure or the charging is ended in advance through manual operation (for example, the charging plug is unplugged from the charging pile), and at this time, it may be considered that the battery has also been charged.
State of Charge (SOC) refers to the ratio of the remaining capacity to the full Charge capacity of a rechargeable battery after the rechargeable battery is used for a certain period of time or left unused for a long time, and can be expressed as a percentage. For example, the SOC of a certain rechargeable battery is 50%, which means that the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery is 50% of the full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery.
According to research, when the battery is charged and discharged by adopting a low multiplying power, the temperature of the battery is not obviously increased, so that the temperature of the battery is high when the battery is charged and discharged by adopting a high multiplying power, and when the battery is charged and discharged by switching to a low multiplying power (for example, 0-1), the temperature of the high-temperature battery in a high multiplying power charging and discharging stage is reduced, a charging scheme is optimized, the safety of the charging process of the battery is improved, and meanwhile, the quick charging characteristic of the battery is fully ensured. Optionally, the high magnification C H In the range of 1C < C H Cmax, wherein Cmax is the maximum charge rate allowed by the battery; the low multiplying power C L In the range of 0 to C L Less than or equal to 1C. The charging rate is 0 in the present applicationRefers to a state in which the battery is in a standing state and no other operations (such as discharging, charging, etc.) are performed on the battery.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the charge and discharge cycle includes a high-rate charge and discharge stage and a low-rate charge and discharge stage, in each high-rate charge and discharge stage, the charge and discharge rates used may be the same or different, and depending on the battery or the application scenario, different charge and discharge rates may be used. In the high-rate charge and discharge stage and the low-rate charge and discharge stage, a constant-current charge and discharge mode is adopted, and the charge and discharge rate = charge and discharge current/rated capacity.
Optionally, the battery is charged and discharged in a high-rate and low-rate alternative mode until charging and discharging are finished, and the high-rate used each time is the same or different; optionally, in the case that the high magnification ratio used each time is different, the high magnification ratio used each time is gradually reduced; optionally, the high magnification used at present is greater than or equal to the high magnification used at the next time. In different embodiments, the setting is made according to different batteries or application scenes.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the same high-rate is used for each high-rate charging phase and the same low-rate is used for each low-rate phase, for example, the first charging phase and the third phase use a first charging rate (e.g., 5C), and the first charging phase and the third phase use a second charging rate (e.g., 0.1C).
In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, each high-rate discharge phase employs a different discharge rate, and each low-rate discharge phase employs a different discharge rate. The first discharge phase employs a first discharge rate (e.g., 5C), the second discharge phase employs a second discharge rate (e.g., 0.1C), the third discharge phase employs a third discharge rate (e.g., 4C), and the fourth discharge phase employs a fourth discharge rate (1C).
In the embodiment of the present application, a battery charging management method is exemplarily described, as shown in fig. 4, a battery cell with 30Ah is used, an experimental environment temperature is 26 ℃, a high rate is 5C, and a low rate is 0.5C, and the battery charging management method includes six charging stages, where a specific charging method and a charging temperature are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As is apparent from table 1, by adopting the high-low rate alternative mode, the battery heat generated in the high-rate charging stage can be effectively reduced by the low-rate charging mode, and the battery temperature can be reduced.
Example two
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the step of alternating the high rate and the low rate based on the critical state of charge associated with lithium deposition includes:
s210, monitoring the state of charge of the battery, and charging the battery according to high magnification;
s220, when the charge state of the battery reaches a first charge state, switching to a low-rate mode to continue charging the battery, wherein the first charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 1 ＝SOC T -SOC M
wherein, SOC 1 Is in a first state of charge;
SOC T the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the high rate, wherein the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, during which lithium precipitation occurs for the first time in the high rate charging stage;
SOC M a first safety margin;
s230, when the battery is charged by using the low-rate power to reach a second charge state, the battery is switched to the high-rate power to continue charging, and the second charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 2 ＝SOC T +SOC N
therein, SOC 2 At a second state of charge, SOC 2 ＜100％；
SOC T The critical charge state corresponding to the previous high-rate charging stage;
SOC N a second safety margin;
and S240, repeating S210-S230 until the battery charging process is finished.
In the embodiment of the application, a high-low-rate alternative charging mode is adopted, lithium separation occurs in the high-rate charging process of the battery, the charging current in the current charging process of the battery is reduced, li & lt + & gt in a negative electrode in the high-rate charging stage can be embedded into the negative electrode by adopting the low-rate charging mode, lithium separation of the battery generated in the high-rate charging stage is inhibited, the possibility of lithium separation in the subsequent charging process is reduced, the high-rate charging mode can be continuously switched after the low-rate charging is adopted for a period of time, and the battery is charged until the battery is completely, so that the charging safety of the battery is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
It can be understood that the critical state of charge in the embodiment of the present invention refers to a state of charge corresponding to a critical lithium deposition point of the rechargeable battery, and lithium deposition occurs only when the state of charge of the rechargeable battery reaches the critical state of charge; if the polarization potential of the rechargeable battery does not reach the critical state of charge, no lithium precipitation occurs. The monitoring of the lithium deposition state of the battery may be performed periodically at regular time intervals, or may be performed at a predetermined timing. In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific mode of detecting the lithium deposition state of the battery is not limited.
It is understood that the specific values of the first state of charge and the second state of charge are not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and may be set as required in different embodiments. In the present application, the first state of charge may be a critical state of charge or another fixed value smaller than the critical state of charge, and the second state of charge may be a fixed value larger than the critical state of charge, subject to exceeding the critical state of charge. In the embodiment of the present application, a certain safety margin may be set for the first state of charge and the second state of charge based on the critical state of charge, that is, a difference between the state of charge threshold and the critical state of charge is set as the safety margin, and the selection of the safety margin may be determined according to an actual situation and in combination with the charging speed and the like.
Illustratively, a first safety margin SOC M Is a fixed value, and satisfies: SOC (state of charge) of more than or equal to 3 percent M Less than or equal to 10 percent; second safety margin SOC N Is a fixed value, and satisfies: SOC (state of charge) of more than or equal to 3 percent N ≤10％。
To achieve a fast charge effect, reducing the battery charge time, in some embodiments, optionally the low charge rate is the maximum charge rate at which no lithium deposition occurs from the battery at the critical state of charge. As shown in table 2 below, the critical state of charge corresponding to the lithium precipitation point without charge rate.
TABLE 2
| |
4C | 0.5C | 0.1C | |
| 10％ | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 20％ | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out |
| 30％ | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 40％ | Lithium not separated out | Lithium not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out |
| 50％ | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 60％ | Precipitation of lithium | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 65％ | Separating lithium | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium not separated out |
| 70％ | Separating lithium | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 75％ | Separating lithium | Separating lithium | Lithium not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 80％ | Separating lithium | Separating lithium | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
| 85％ | Separating lithium | Separating lithium | Lithium is not separated out | Lithium is not separated out |
SEM pictures of the battery negative electrode at different SOC (10%, 20%, 60%, 80%) states during a 5C charging process are shown in fig. 6, where it can be clearly seen that at 60% SOC, a state of lithium evolution occurs, and at 80% SOC, the state of lithium evolution occurs severely. Illustratively, the first state of charge at the corresponding 5C is set to 56%,80%, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present application, in order to achieve a fast charging effect and reduce the battery charging time, optionally, the low charging rate is a maximum charging rate at which no lithium deposition occurs in the battery at the critical state of charge. For example, by detecting the state of charge of the battery with a charge rate of 5C, when the state of charge reaches the first state of charge (for example, 56%), the charging with 5C is stopped, and the charging rate is switched to 4C so as to avoid the lithium deposition point of 5C.
Research shows that the lithium separation phenomenon of the battery is not obvious in the charging process with lower charging rate, so that the lithium separation phenomenon is achieved in the high-rate chargingWhen the critical state of charge is switched to a lower multiplying power (for example, 0-1) to charge the battery, the lithium precipitation of the battery can be effectively inhibited, and the possibility of lithium precipitation in the subsequent charging process is further reduced. In addition, the lower multiplying power can also effectively dissipate heat accumulated in the high-multiplying-power charging process, and the temperature of the battery is reduced. The high multiplying power C H In the range of 1C < C H Cmax, wherein Cmax is the maximum charge rate allowed by the battery; the low multiplying power C L In the range of 0 to C L ≤1C。
Please continue to refer to the charging scheme of fig. 4, which adopts a 5C/0.5C alternating manner. Specifically, the charging process:
a first charging stage T1, charging is carried out for 6.72min by using 5C multiplying power, and SOC is charged from 0 to 56 percent;
the second charging stage T2 is converted into 0.5C multiplying power charging for 10.8min, and the SOC is charged from 56% to 65%;
a third charging stage T3, namely, the charging is converted into 5C multiplying power charging for 1.3min, and the SOC is charged from 65% to 76%;
the fourth charging stage T4 is converted into 0.5C multiplying power charging for 10.8min, and the SOC is charged from 76% to 85%;
a fifth charging stage T5 is converted into 5C multiplying power charging for 0.8min, and the SOC is charged from 85% to 92%;
and a sixth charging stage T6, namely, the charging is converted into 0.5C multiplying power charging for 9.6min, the SOC is charged from 92% to 100%, and the charging is finished.
The charging scheme is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| |
0％-56％ | 56％-65％ | 65％-76％ | 76％-85％ | 85％-92％ | 92％-100 |
| Multiplying power | ||||||
| 5C | 0.5 |
5C | 0.5 |
5C | 0.5C |
The method can improve the safety problem and the performance reduction problem caused by high-rate charging precipitation, the total charging of the embodiment is usually 40.3 minutes, the time is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with the constant-current 1C charging which takes 1 hour, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the battery can not occur, the set temperature threshold can not be exceeded, and the safety problem can not occur; and the influence on the battery is small, and the performance of the battery cannot be reduced.
In the application, each lithium deposition point and the critical state of charge corresponding to the lithium deposition point of the battery during high-rate charging are obtained in advance, and the obtaining method comprises the following steps:
charging a plurality of batteries by respectively adopting different multiplying powers;
and performing lithium analysis detection on the battery under different charge states to obtain each lithium analysis point and a critical charge state corresponding to the lithium analysis point in the charging process of the battery at different multiplying powers.
The lithium analysis detection in the present application refers to a process of detecting a lithium analysis phenomenon of a battery during a charging process of the battery, and in the embodiments of the present application, a method for detecting lithium analysis of the battery is not limited, and various methods in the prior art, such as a lithium analysis method or a microscopic detection method, may be used. The lithium analysis method can analyze the state of lithium analysis using a capacity-voltage differential curve (dQ/dU) or a voltage-capacity differential curve (dU/dQ).
Optionally, the battery is subjected to lithium precipitation detection at different states of charge, and the microscopic detection method comprises:
disassembling batteries with different charge states;
and (3) performing microstructure characterization on the pole piece of the disassembled battery by adopting any one of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a Focused Ion beam/Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB/SEM).
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 7, the steps of achieving alternation of high rate and low rate based on temperature and critical state of charge associated with lithium deposition include:
s310, monitoring the temperature and the state of charge of the battery, and charging the battery according to high magnification;
s320, when the temperature of the battery is higher than a first temperature threshold value or the state of charge of the battery reaches a first state of charge, switching to low-rate power to continue charging the battery, wherein the first state of charge meets the following conditions:
SOC 1 ＝SOC T -SOC M
therein, SOC 1 Is in a first state of charge;
SOC T the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the high rate, wherein the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, during which lithium precipitation occurs for the first time in the high rate charging stage;
SOC M a first safety margin;
s330, in the process that the battery is continuously charged, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second temperature threshold and the state of charge of the battery reaches a second state of charge, switching to a high magnification to continuously charge the battery, wherein the second state of charge meets the following requirements:
SOC 2 ＝SOC T +SOC N
therein, SOC 2 At a second state of charge, SOC 2 ＜100％；
SOC T The critical charge state corresponding to the previous high-rate charging stage;
SOC N a second safety margin;
and S340, repeating S310-S330 until the battery charging process is finished.
In the embodiment of the application, in the high-rate charging stage, the low-rate charging is switched when the temperature is too high or the lithium deposition point is reached, and in the embodiment, the switching conditions of the low-rate charging stage are controlled to meet the second temperature threshold and the second charge state, so that the switching frequency of the low-rate charging stage and the high-rate charging stage is reduced, the current impact on the battery is reduced, and the charging effect is improved. For the description of the specific parameters in this embodiment, reference may be made to the descriptions in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, which are not described herein again.
For example, in one embodiment of the present application, when the battery state of charge reaches the second state of charge, the battery temperature does not drop to the second temperature threshold, and the charging through the low-rate charging is continued until the battery temperature drops to the second temperature threshold.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the state of charge SOC0 is 30% during initial charging, and the charging rate of 4C is adopted, corresponding to the first state of charge being 72% and 85%, the second state of charge being 78% and 87%, the first temperature threshold being 55 ℃ and the first temperature threshold being 32 ℃.
A first charging stage T1, charging at 4C rate, charging SOC from 30% to 68%, and reaching a first temperature threshold of 55 ℃;
a second charging stage T2, in which the SOC is converted to 0.1C multiplying factor and is charged from 68% to 70%, the temperature is 28.5 ℃, but the second state of charge is not reached, so that the charging is continued by using 0.1C multiplying factor without switching until the SOC reaches 78%;
a third charging stage T3, namely, charging at a 4C multiplying power is carried out, the SOC reaches a first charge state from 70% to 85%, and the temperature does not reach a first temperature threshold value;
a fourth charging stage T4, namely, the charging is converted into 0.1C multiplying power charging, the SOC is charged from 85% to 87%, and a second charge state is achieved;
and a fifth charging stage T5, namely, 4C-rate charging is carried out, the SOC is charged from 87% to 100%, and the charging is finished.
Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in fig. 9, the present application provides a battery charge and discharge management system for implementing the battery charge and discharge management method according to any one of the above, the system comprising:
a temperature monitoring module 100 for monitoring the temperature of the battery;
a state of charge monitoring module 200 for monitoring the state of charge of the battery;
the charging and discharging management module 300 is connected with the temperature monitoring module and the state of charge monitoring module, and is used for performing conversion of high rate and low rate based on temperature and/or critical state of charge related to lithium precipitation, and charging the battery in a mode of alternating high rate and low rate.
The division into several modules or units mentioned in the above detailed description is not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functionality of two or more modules or units described above may be embodied in one module or unit, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of modules or units.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system and the module described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the various embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides a terminal device, in an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device includes one or more processors and a memory, and the processors and the memory are connected to each other, and the terminal device is configured to store one or more computer programs, and a comparison relationship file of lithium analysis points and states of charge of a battery at different charging rates; the one or more computer programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a battery charge and discharge management method as any one of the above.
In the embodiment of the present application, the processor is a processing device having a function of performing a logic operation, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a field programmable logic array (FPGA), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a single chip Microcomputer (MCU), an application specific logic circuit (ASIC), an image processor (GPU), and the like having a data processing capability and/or a program execution capability. It will be readily appreciated that the processor is typically communicatively coupled to the memory, on which any combination of one or more computer program products is stored, and that the memory may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, for example, random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory (or the like). The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), a hard disk, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), USB memory, flash memory, and the like. One or more computer instructions may be stored on the memory and executed by the processor to implement the associated analysis functions. Various applications and various data, such as various data used and/or generated by the applications, may also be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.
In the embodiment of the present application, each module may be implemented by a processor executing the relevant computer instructions. Each module can run on the same processor or a plurality of processors; the modules can run on a processor of the same architecture, for example, all run on a processor of an X86 architecture, or run on processors of different architectures, for example, an image processing module runs on a CPU of an X86 architecture, and a machine learning module runs on a GPU. Each module can be packaged in one computer product, for example, each module is packaged in one computer software and runs on one computer (server), or can be packaged in different computer products separately or partially, for example, the image processing module is packaged in one computer software and runs on one computer (server), and the machine learning module is packaged in a single computer software and runs on another computer (server); the computing platform for executing each module can be local computing, cloud computing, or hybrid computing formed by local computing and cloud computing.
As shown in fig. 10, the terminal device includes a central processing module (CPU) 601 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from a storage section 608 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 603. In the RAM603, various programs and data necessary for operation instructions of the system are also stored. The CPU601, ROM602, and RAM603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. An input/output (I/O) interface 605 is also connected to bus 604.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 605; an input portion 606 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 607 including a display such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, and a speaker; a storage section 608 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 609 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The driver 610 is also connected to the I/O interface 605 as needed. A removable medium 611 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 610 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted in the storage section 608 as necessary.
In particular, according to embodiments of the present application, the process described above with reference to the flowchart fig. 1 may be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method illustrated by the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program comprises program code for performing the method illustrated in the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 609, and/or installed from the removable medium 611. The computer program executes the above-described functions defined in the system of the present application when executed by the central processing module (CPU) 601.
The present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processing module to implement a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
It should be noted that the computer readable medium shown in the present application may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium or any combination of the two. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
In the context of this application, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this application, however, a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, fiber optic cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operational instructions of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the disclosure herein is not limited to the particular combination of features described above, but also encompasses other combinations of features described above or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (15)
1. A battery charge and discharge management method, the method comprising:
monitoring the temperature of the battery and/or the state of charge of the battery during charging of the battery;
and (3) performing high-rate and low-rate conversion based on the temperature and/or the critical state of charge related to lithium precipitation, and realizing the charging of the battery in an alternating manner of high rate and low rate.
2. The battery charge and discharge management method according to claim 1, wherein the step of alternating the high rate and the low rate based on the temperature comprises:
s110, monitoring the temperature of the battery, and charging and discharging the battery according to high multiplying power;
s120, when the temperature of the battery is higher than a first temperature threshold value, switching to low magnification to continue charging and discharging the battery;
s130, in the process of continuously charging and discharging the battery, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second temperature threshold value, switching to high multiplying power to continuously charge and discharge the battery;
and S140, repeating S120 and S130 until the battery charging and discharging process is finished.
3. The battery charge and discharge management method of claim 1, wherein the step of alternating high and low rates based on a critical state of charge associated with lithium deposition comprises:
s210, monitoring the state of charge of the battery, and charging the battery according to high magnification;
s220, when the charge state of the battery reaches a first charge state, switching to a low-rate mode to continue charging the battery, wherein the first charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 1 ＝SOC T -SOC M
therein, SOC 1 A first state of charge;
SOC T the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the high rate, wherein the critical state of charge is the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, during which lithium precipitation occurs for the first time in the high rate charging stage;
SOC M a first safety margin;
s230, when the battery is charged by using the low-rate power to reach a second charge state, the battery is switched to the high-rate power to continue charging, and the second charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 2 ＝SOC T +SOC N
therein, SOC 2 At a second state of charge, SOC 2 ＜100％；
SOC T The critical charge state corresponding to the previous high-rate charging stage;
SOC N a second safety margin;
and S240, repeating S210-S230 until the battery charging process is finished.
4. The battery charge and discharge management method of claim 1, wherein the step of alternating high and low rates based on temperature and critical state of charge associated with lithium deposition comprises:
s310, monitoring the temperature and the state of charge of the battery, and charging the battery according to high magnification;
s320, when the temperature of the battery is higher than a first temperature threshold value or the charge state of the battery reaches a first charge state, switching to a low-rate mode to continue charging the battery, wherein the first charge state meets the following conditions:
SOC 1 ＝SOC T -SOC M
therein, SOC 1 A first state of charge;
SOC T is the critical state of charge of the high rate, which means that the rechargeable battery appears for the first time in the high rate charging phaseSeparating out the charge state of lithium;
SOC M a first safety margin;
s330, in the process that the battery is continuously charged, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a second temperature threshold and the state of charge of the battery reaches a second state of charge, switching to a high magnification to continuously charge the battery, wherein the second state of charge meets the following requirements:
SOC 2 ＝SOC T +SOC N
therein, SOC 2 At a second state of charge, SOC 2 ＜100％；
SOC T The critical charge state corresponding to the previous high-rate charging stage;
SOC N a second safety margin;
and S340, repeating S310-S330 until the battery charging process is finished.
5. The battery charge and discharge management method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high rate C is H In the range of 1C < C H Cmax, wherein Cmax is the maximum charge rate allowed by the battery; the low multiplying power C L In the range of 0 to C L ≤1C。
6. The battery charge and discharge management method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the battery is charged by alternately adopting a high rate and a low rate until the end of charging, and the high rate used each time is the same or different;
under the condition that the high multiplying power used each time is different, the high multiplying power used each time is gradually reduced, or the currently used high multiplying power is larger than or equal to the high multiplying power used at the next time.
7. The battery charge-discharge management method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the low-rate is selected from a maximum charge rate at which lithium deposition does not occur in the battery when the battery is continuously charged in a critical state of charge of the high-rate charge-discharge used in the previous charging stage.
8. The battery charge and discharge management method according to claim 3 or 4,
first safety margin SOC M Is a fixed value, and satisfies: SOC (state of charge) of more than or equal to 3 percent M ≤10％；
Second safety margin SOC N Is a fixed value, and satisfies: SOC of 3% or more N ≤10％。
9. The battery charge and discharge management method according to claim 2 or 4,
the first temperature threshold T1 is a fixed value and satisfies: t1 is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 60 ℃;
the second temperature threshold T2 is a fixed value and satisfies: t2 is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than or equal to 40 ℃.
10. The battery charge and discharge management method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each lithium deposition point of the battery during high-rate charging and the critical state of charge corresponding to the lithium deposition point are obtained in advance, and the obtaining method includes:
charging a plurality of batteries by respectively adopting different multiplying powers;
and performing lithium analysis detection on the battery under different charge states to obtain each lithium analysis point and a critical charge state corresponding to the lithium analysis point in the charging process of the battery at different multiplying powers.
11. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 10, wherein lithium deposition detection is performed on the battery at different states of charge, and the method comprises:
disassembling batteries with different charge states;
and (3) performing microstructure characterization on the disassembled pole piece of the battery by adopting any one method of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM).
12. A battery charge and discharge management system for implementing the battery charge and discharge management method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the system comprising:
the temperature monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature of the battery;
the charge state monitoring module is used for monitoring the charge state of the battery;
the charging and discharging management module is connected with the temperature monitoring module and the charge state monitoring module, and is used for carrying out conversion of high multiplying power and low multiplying power based on temperature and/or critical charge state related to lithium precipitation, and charging of the battery is achieved in a mode of alternating high multiplying power and low multiplying power.
13. The battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 12, wherein the charge and discharge management module stores a comparison file of lithium analysis points and states of charge of the battery under different-rate charging.
14. A terminal device, characterized in that the device comprises:
one or more processors;
the memory is used for storing one or more programs and storing a comparison relation file of lithium analysis points and the state of charge of the battery under different charging rates;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the battery charge and discharge management method of any of claims 1 to 11.
15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program for implementing the battery charge and discharge management method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is stored thereon.
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