CN1158823C - High-speed power-saving coded M-element FSK modifier - Google Patents
High-speed power-saving coded M-element FSK modifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN1158823C CN1158823C CNB00130450XA CN00130450A CN1158823C CN 1158823 C CN1158823 C CN 1158823C CN B00130450X A CNB00130450X A CN B00130450XA CN 00130450 A CN00130450 A CN 00130450A CN 1158823 C CN1158823 C CN 1158823C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a high-speed power-saving type coded M-element frequency shift key modulator which comprises coding logic and M/2 switch type oscillating circuits, wherein the coding logic can be used for generating M/2 gray code signals according to (N-1) bits of control signals; each switch type oscillating circuit comprises a combined quartz resonant cavity with a first end and a second end, a first switch, a second switch and a capacitor; the first switch is controlled by gray code signals, and the second switch is controlled by serial data. One of the M/2 switch type oscillating circuits is controlled to operate by control signals, and the frequency of the operating oscillating circuit is driven to hop by the serial data so that the frequency of the M element hops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to frequency displacement key (frequency shift keying, FSK) modulator, particularly the high-speed power-saving formula coded M-element FSK modifier of suitable circuit integration.
Background technology
Fast-developing and the semi-conductive lasting progress of wireless communication technology makes wireless communication technology more be widely used in each corner of life.Except the radio telephone of being familiar with (cordless phone), mobile telephone (cellular phone), calling set (pager), outside the car alarm (car alarm) etc., radio products miscellaneous just with unprecedented VELOCITY DIFFUSION to the human daily life.The development trend of this continuation, make radio products except light, thin, short, little, must realize following several circuit function with low-down one-tenth originally: (1) low power consumption, (2) high-power through-put power, (3) highly sensitive receiving ability, (4) antijamming capability.Satisfy above-mentioned condition, can not only realize high-quality wireless radio transmission, can also extending battery life, compliance with environmental protection requirements.In view of the above, the inventor adopts the known FSK of M unit (the frequency shift keying of M unit) modulation tech, design the novel M FSK of unit modulator, utilize the inborn antijamming capability of FSK, finish low cost, switch change frequency at a high speed, and the M of tool high efficiency (the DC-to-RF output power) FSK of unit modulator.
FSK modulation tech known and commonly used can be generalized into following several mode: phase-locked loop loop (phase-locked-loop, PLL) electronic technology, microwave electromagnetic induction technology, digital direct synthesizer (Direct digital synthesis, DDS) and the electronics mode control the technology of resonant cavity (resonator).
The principle of phase-locked loop loop electronic technology is to utilize the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator in its loop, behind some frequency dividing circuits, uses the signal source of a phase comparator (phase comparator) and a stabilizer pole to compare phase difference.The output signal of this phase comparator produces the output frequency that a signal that slowly changes and be similar to direct current removes to control voltage controlled oscillator after low pass filter is done suitable processing.The action of negative loop circuit by this, voltage controlled oscillator is able to be adjusted by the setting of frequency divider the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator.This digital setting can utilize the electronics sign indicating number of input to produce the FSK Frequency Hopping Signal.The disadvantage of the fsk signal that this PLL of utilization produces is the restriction that the speed of its frequency hopping is subjected to the filter time constant in PLL loop.For example, if the channel spacings (channel spacing) of fsk signal is 200KHz, for want can be correctly and accurately modulation go out fsk signal, a typical PLL loop time constant approximately needs 0.5ms, makes fsk signal can change (frequency hopping) to appointed frequency.Limit the FSK frequency hopping rate so significantly, and this moment, typical loop bandwidth (loop bandwidth) was 16.5KHz, much larger than the data rate (data rate) of FSK.So, the PLL of this moment can be correctly and accurately modulation go out fsk signal.But data rate in this case is quite slow, can't make full use of the frequency difference of 200KHz, so the utilization rate of channel descends significantly.
Secondly, the microwave electromagnetic induction technology then is to utilize PIN diode (diode) or variable capacitance diode (varactor diode), the mode of mat switch motion or capacitance variations, pass through electromagnetic induction, impedance variation is converted to oscillating circuit, and then regulate the oscillating condition of this oscillator, make frequency therefore change with the signal of control PIN diode or variable capacitance diode.The advantage of this mode is that changeable frequency (Δ f) can be very little with respect to the ratio (Δ f/fo) of fo, and switching rate is very fast.Its shortcoming is that electromagnetic circuit is difficult for accomplishing circuit integration, because the wavelength of size and operating frequency is approaching, so area is bigger, often needs to mix (Hybrid) MIC and implements.Except utilizing voltage-controlled variable capacitance diode, the mode of controlling the resonant cavity frequency with the switch motion of PIN diode also is widely used.When the switch motion conducting (not conducting) of PIN diode, can connect partial inductance or capacitance in (not connecting) resonant cavity, and then change the output frequency of oscillator.Yet the switching circuit that utilizes PIN diode still need consume extra DC electric current reaches conducting state, and the form of PIN diode is not suitable for importing current common IC form such as CMOS, ambipolar (bipolar) or GaAs FET simultaneously.
Moreover, the numeral direct synthesizer is a mode of utilizing digital IC, digital progression device (digitalaccumulator) is operated under the clock signal environment at a high speed (high-speed clockedcondition), the signal output waveform that desire is produced simultaneously deposits in the ROM as the phase data of sinusoidal wave (sine wave) or any composite signal (composite signal).With the sinewave output is example, and digital progression device is according to appointed frequency, and suitable digital code is exported to the input of digital-analog convertor (DAC), produces desirable analog waveform, and filters via anti-aliasing filter.The M ary FSK signals that this digital IC synthesized need utilize the VLSI technology, and therefore the power that consumes is very big usually, and under the necessary limited situation of power consumption, it has promptly lost advantage.
At last, the electronics mode technology of controlling resonant cavity can be simplified to an oscillator circuit as shown in Figure 5.The part that amplifying signal can be provided in the oscillator is (R) to represent, and carry out the parallel resonant cavity of transferring the part of shaking still to utilize the Rr-Cr-Lr circuit of a parallel connection to represent accent to shake with a negative impedance.Wherein Rr represents the loss of resonant cavity, and Rr represents loss lower more greatly.Therefore, Rr＞|-R| could start vibration.The numerical value that changes Lr and Cr can change oscillator frequency.The resonant cavity of Fig. 5 is not limit parallel way, and also available series system forms resonant cavity.This moment the startup oscillating condition be Rr＜|-R|.The directly mode of adjusting frequency commonly used is to utilize variable capacitance diode, changes capacitance Cr and then adjusts frequency.Yet utilize variable capacitance diode modulation fsk signal, the amplitude, ao f of its frequency hopping often is subjected to the variation of variable capacitance diode variable capacitance size and is subjected to great restriction, because fo is inversely proportional to along with √ (LrCr), Cr is the equivalent capacitance value of resonant cavity.Because the square root of resonance frequency and equivalent capacitance value Cr is inversely proportional to,, finish the frequency hopping function of the FSK of M unit so need bigger capacitance change just can carry out significantly frequency hopping action.Second shortcoming is the bigger variable capacitance diode of variable quantity, not only needs different bias voltage (bias voltage that exceeds oscillator usually is a lot), and the higher and difficult realization circuit integration of price.Variable capacitance diode is in integrated circuit in addition, and the Q value is lower, so loss is bigger.Name is called the IC circuit that has disclosed the FSK of M unit in the United States Patent (USP) 6,078,226 of the integrated circuit of the FSK oscillator " implement ", as shown in Figure 6.This circuit utilizes power supply to switch the FSK oscillator, and the reactance value that utilizes switch to change the SAW resonator reaches the high speed change action.Yet, the shared SAW resonator of this circuit, and change the action that reactance value is realized the FSK of M unit with the combination of different switches.But the modulation scope of this mode is limited significantly by the SAW resonator, so the distance of frequency hopping (Δ f) can not be excessive, limited data rate.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high-speed power-saving formula coded M-element FSK modifier.
The invention provides a kind of high-speed power-saving formula coded M-element FSK modifier, wherein M is the frequency number that frequency displacement key modulator will be beated, this FSK modulator comprises a coding unit, can produce M/2 gray code signal according to (N-1) position control signal, also receive an enable signal, when this coding unit is failure to actuate at this enable signal, export 0 signal, wherein M=2
N, N is a positive integer, M is a positive even numbers; And M/2 switching regulator oscillating circuit.And each switching regulator oscillating circuit comprises a combined type quartz resonator with first end and second end respectively; One first switch by gray code signal control, the one end is connected in first end of combined type quartz resonator, and the other end is via an equivalent negative resistance circuit ground connection; One by serial datum control second switch, and the one end is connected in second end of combined type quartz resonator, other end ground connection; And a capacitor, the one end is connected in second end of combined type quartz resonator, and other end ground connection.
Utilize oscillating circuit action in M/2 switching regulator oscillating circuit of control signal control, and by the beat frequency of oscillating circuit of this action of serial data, and the frequency jitter of realization M unit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of high-speed power-saving formula coded M-element FSK modifier of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the example of circuit diagram of the switching regulator oscillating circuit of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of enable signal and oscillator signal;
Fig. 4 is several typical scenarios of combined type quartz resonator;
Fig. 5 is the circuit that known oscillator is simplified; With
Fig. 6 is the integrated circuit examples of implementation of the known M FSK of unit oscillator.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of high-speed power-saving formula coded M-element FSK modifier 100 of the present invention.This modulator 100 comprises a coding unit 200 and M/2 switching regulator oscillating circuit 700.Coding unit 200 receives N-1 code signal, and the so-called Gray code (Graycode) 210 of output M/2 position.And switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 receives the Gray code 210 of serial data 220 (Serial Data) and coding unit 200.In the present embodiment, M is the frequency that FSK modulator 100 will be beated, and M=2
N, wherein N is a positive integer.
As shown in Figure 1, switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 comprise a combined type quartz resonator 400, control 400 actions of this resonator first switch 500, control the second switch 300 of these resonator 400 resonance frequencys, the equivalent negative resistance circuit 600 of adjusting the capacitor 310 of these resonator 400 resonance frequencys and being connected in first switch 500.Whether therefore, first switch 500 of each switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 is connected in one Gray code 210, and moved by Gray code 210 controls.Because only have one to be 1 in the output of Gray code 210, therefore, in M/2 the switching regulator oscillating circuit 700, the same time also only has one can start.Moreover second switch 300 is controlled by serial data 220.This serial data 220 is a series of 0 and 1 signal, makes second switch 300 carry out conducting and open circuit variation according to this serial data 220.Therefore, the serial connection electric capacity of combined type quartz resonator 400 can along with the conducting of second switch 300 with open circuit changes, and then the resonance frequency of change combined type quartz resonator 400.Because each switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 can provide two different resonance frequencys, so M/2 switching regulator resonates and swings circuit 700 M frequency can be provided altogether.
Except serial data 220 and N-1 code signal, coding unit 220 also has enable signal input.When enable signal was " 1 " (logic high), the coding unit 200 normal Gray codes 210 that produce were used M Frequency Hopping Signal of control; When enable signal was " 0 " (logic low), coding unit 200 outputs all were set at " 0 ", and therefore, all switching regulator oscillating circuits 700 are in dormant state.In the time need not carrying out wireless transmission, enable signal can be made as " 0 ".At this moment, the FSK of M unit is in dormant state, and does not consume any energy.
When desire produces eight combination of frequencies, need to set M=8, this moment N=2, coding unit 200 has two input control signals, and has four combinations to control four switching regulator oscillating circuits 700.Because Gray code 210 outputs are, the same time has only a switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 in action, and all the other all are in closed condition.The control that each switching regulator oscillating circuit is accepted serial data 220 again produces two frequencies, therefore has eight combination of frequencies.
Switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 shown in Figure 1 can utilize blending together of CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)) and bipolar transistor or integrated circuit form to realize.Fig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment of switching regulator oscillating circuit 700.700 operating principles that signal switches and oscillator switches of making utmost point low-power consumption of two-transistor of this oscillating circuit.
As shown in Figure 2, switching regulator oscillating circuit 700 formulas utilize transistor 303 to play the part of the role of the switch 300 of Fig. 1.When serial data 220 during for " 0 " (earthed voltage or be lower than the Vth of NMOS), transistor 303 can't forward bias, thus the very high impedance of formation between the collector electrode of transistor 303 and emitter (drain electrode and source electrode), that is off state.So an end of combined type quartz resonator 401 forms first resonance frequency through series capacitance 402 ground connection.
And when serial data 220 is " 1 " (generally being 3V voltage), this signal is connected to the base stage (or grid of NMOS) of transistor 303 through resistance 301 and electric capacity 302 formed low pass filters, uses the collector electrode and the emitter (or the drain electrode of NMOS and source terminal) of turn-on transistor 303.And because the combined type resonant cavity adopts quartz crystal, it can not conducting DC electric current, can only allow by minimum AC electric current.So as long as transistor 303 has very little base current, can allow transistor 303 enter saturated (saturation) zone.When if transistor 303 is NMOS, the high pressure of numeral " 1 " promptly enough allows NMOS enter conducting state greater than Vth.Transistor 303 consumes any energy hardly and promptly enters conducting state at this moment, and its collector electrode to emitter (NMOS drains to source electrode) has only 2 to 3 Ω or littler usually.Therefore the left end of combined type quartz resonator 401 is only seen the impedance of almost short circuit, and electric capacity 402 is by short circuit.So the direct ground connection of an end of combined type quartz resonator 401 forms second resonance frequency.
That is combined type quartz resonator 401 can be because the height of serial data have determined two different frequencies of oscillator with transistor 603, electric capacity 601,602 and resistance 604,501 formed colpitz oscillators.Promptly one by combined type quartz resonator 401 series capacitances, 402 formed first resonance frequencys and another is by combined type quartz resonator 401 defined another resonance frequencys.
Moreover the transistor 603 of Fig. 2 is not only done oscillator usefulness, also plays the part of the role of switch simultaneously.When the Gray code 210 of coding unit 200 is connected to resistance 501 left ends when being digital signal " 1 ", about 3V, transistor 603 obtains suitable bias voltage usually, and its bias voltage working point is by resistance 501 and resistance 605 decisions.Transistor 603 forms the oscillator usefulness at this moment, and oscillator signal is via electric capacity 605 outputs.When if the signal of Gray code 210 is " 0 ", then there is not forward bias between the base stage of transistor 603 and emitter, so transistor 603 be not on-state, make the very high impedance of formation between the collector electrode of transistor 603 and emitter, just as the off state of switching circuit.This moment, oscillator can't be worked, and formed dormant state and consumed power hardly.Transistor 603 conducting or not conductings, only by the base current of very little transistor 603 through resistance 501 with regard to may command.Therefore, its switch motion is quite quick.
Analogue technique by means of precision, adopt the accurate model of Agilent ADS software and transistor (NPN_2N2222A) database thereof, Fig. 3 shows that enable signal beats from 0 to 3V, and when being all its rise time and fall time 10 μ sec, serial data 220 therebetween is 5kbps, by the transistor 603 formed oscillators of Fig. 2, its analogue data that starts duration of oscillation and close duration of oscillation is about about 5 μ sec, and is also littler than the rise time and the fall time of digital signal.Therefore the time that starts and close oscillator, this time was quick more than circuit such as PLL by enable signal rise time and decision fall time.
Fig. 4 shows several modular design schemes of the combined type quartz resonator 401 of Fig. 2.This combined type quartz resonator 401 is based on quartz resonator (Fig. 4 (a)), and the single inductance of can connecting (Fig. 4 (b)) or the single electric capacity of connecting (Fig. 4 (c)) or series inductance and electric capacity (Fig. 4 (d)) change the fsk signal depth of modulation.
The present invention proposes the High Data Rate M-FSK frequency hopping design of a kind of high efficiency (economize on electricity).This new design allows transistor do two actions of oscillator and speed-sensitive switch switching simultaneously, and this switching regulator oscillator is placed (this encoder can adopt the gray encoding device in the circuit framework of a coding type, the characteristic of utilizing Gray code once only to change one (bit) is come one group of external combined type quartz (controlled) oscillator of each high-speed starting (Composite Crystal Oscillator)), form the M FSK of a unit modulator of all forming, be fit to circuit integration by transistor.Be particularly suitable for economize on electricity is had the radiodigital transmission system of special requirement.For example satellite communication or need the high efficiency Wireless Telecom Equipment of battery.
Though more than with the structure of preferred embodiment explanation moment of the present invention formula analogue-to-digital converters, therefore do not limit the scope of the invention, only otherwise break away from spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skills can carry out various distortion or change.
Claims (5)
1. high-speed power-saving formula numeralization M unit frequency displacement key modulator, wherein M is the frequency number that frequency displacement key modulator will be beated, this frequency displacement key modulator comprises:
One coding unit can produce M/2 gray code signal according to N-1 position control signal, also receives an enable signal, when this coding unit is failure to actuate at this enable signal, exports 0 signal, wherein M=2
N, N is a positive integer, M is a positive even numbers; And
M/2 switching regulator oscillating circuit comprises respectively:
One combined type quartz resonator has first end and second end;
One first switch, by the control of described gray code signal, and an end is connected in first end of described combined type quartz resonator, and the other end is via an equivalent negative resistance circuit ground connection;
One second switch, by serial datum control, an end is connected in second end of described combined type quartz resonator, other end ground connection; And
One capacitor, an end are connected in second end of described combined type quartz resonator, and other end ground connection;
Utilize described control signal to control in described M/2 the switching regulator oscillating circuit oscillating circuit action, and by the described serial data frequency of oscillating circuit of this action of beating, and realize the frequency jitter of M unit.
2. the first frequency displacement key of high-speed power-saving formula numeralization M as claimed in claim 1 modulator, wherein said switching regulator oscillating circuit is via the described first switch outputting oscillation signal.
3. high-speed power-saving formula numeralization M as claimed in claim 1 unit frequency displacement key modulator, wherein said combined type quartz resonator are the quartz crystal electric capacity of connecting.
4. high-speed power-saving formula numeralization M as claimed in claim 1 unit frequency displacement key modulator, wherein said combined type quartz resonator are the quartz crystal inductance of connecting.
5. high-speed power-saving formula numeralization M as claimed in claim 1 unit frequency displacement key modulator, wherein said combined type quartz resonator are connect an electric capacity and an inductance of quartz crystal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB00130450XA CN1158823C (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | High-speed power-saving coded M-element FSK modifier |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB00130450XA CN1158823C (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | High-speed power-saving coded M-element FSK modifier |
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| CN1348256A CN1348256A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
| CN1158823C true CN1158823C (en) | 2004-07-21 |
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| CNB00130450XA Ceased CN1158823C (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | High-speed power-saving coded M-element FSK modifier |
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