CN115879239A - Sunshine shadow distribution modeling method for space steel structure - Google Patents
Sunshine shadow distribution modeling method for space steel structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115879239A CN115879239A CN202211540032.1A CN202211540032A CN115879239A CN 115879239 A CN115879239 A CN 115879239A CN 202211540032 A CN202211540032 A CN 202211540032A CN 115879239 A CN115879239 A CN 115879239A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of a space steel structure, which comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring real sun-related information at each moment in the day; s2: calculating to obtain three-dimensional point coordinates of the sun at each moment and a solar incident angle of a surface effect unit applying solar radiation heat flow by using ANSYS software; s3: screening illuminated surface units which are not considered to be shielded by rod pieces in the space steel structure; s4: acquiring the number and the centroid coordinate of the illuminated surface unit; s5: leading the coordinates of the three-dimensional point of the sun at each moment, the number of the illuminated surface unit and the centroid coordinates of the illuminated surface unit as a first txt file; s6: generating sunshine unit numbers at all times by using Python software; s7: leading the sunshine unit number at each moment as a second txt file; s8: and reading the second txt file by using ANSYS software to generate a sunshine shadow distribution model of a space steel structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering structures, in particular to a sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of a space steel structure.
Background
The space steel structure is used as the upper roof structure of large public buildings such as stadiums, airport terminal buildings, railway station houses and exhibition centers due to the advantages of strong bearing capacity, high assembly degree, good anti-seismic performance, novel modeling and the like. The upper roof structure is generally wide in coverage area, large in overall weight and peculiar in shape, so that the steel roof high-altitude construction folding technology has higher precision requirement and safety requirement.
The coefficient of heat conductivity of steel is about 34 times of concrete, produces expend with heat and contract with cold effect along with external temperature variation very easily, and space steel structure is mostly high order hyperstatic structure, and redundant restraint leads to the unable effective release temperature of structure to warp, causes the structure to produce temperature secondary stress. Particularly, under the action of solar radiation, the temperature field of the space steel structure has obvious non-uniformity and time-varying property, the component rod pieces of the space steel structure can generate axial deformation, bending deformation and non-uniform deformation of the cross section in different degrees, if the sunshine temperature field of the space steel structure cannot be accurately calculated, the temperature deformation can possibly influence the high-altitude construction precision and the construction safety of the steel roof, and potential safety hazards are buried in the construction and operation of large public buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate the space steel structure sunshine temperature field under the action of solar radiation.
At present, the method of combining field test verification and numerical simulation is mainly adopted to obtain the distribution rule of the sunshine temperature field of the space steel structure. The method relates to the contents of finite element model establishment, sunlight shadow judgment among rod pieces, boundary constraint application and the like in the numerical simulation of the space steel structure sunlight temperature field. The finite element model is generally built by adopting a plate shell unit or a solid unit and an effect unit covered on the surface of the plate shell unit or the solid unit (the plate shell unit or the solid unit simulates heat conduction, and the surface effect unit is used for applying solar radiation heat flow) together so as to effectively simulate the temperature deformation of a rod piece and prevent the local instability damage of a space steel structure; the boundary constraint comprises solar short wave radiation, air convection heat exchange and long wave radiation of air and surrounding environment; however, the sunlight shadow cannot be directly calculated in finite element software, and no existing method exists for calculating the sunlight shadow. It can be seen that the numerical simulation of the sunshine temperature field of the space steel structure is a complex multidisciplinary crossed calculation process, the calculation accuracy is limited by various factors, and the judgment of sunshine shadow is the most difficult key limiting factor.
The existing sunshine shadow calculation methods mainly comprise two methods, one is bounding box detection based on computer graphics, and the other is a geometric shadow judgment algorithm compiled based on a specific structure shape. The first sunlight shadow calculation method aims at solving the problems that a finite element model established by a rod unit does not consider the bending deformation and the uneven deformation of the section of a steel rod piece under the action of solar radiation, the actual working state of the rod piece cannot be reasonably represented, and the risk of local buckling instability of a space steel structure is not considered. The coordinates of the units are required to be converted for multiple times under each load step, the calculation workload is large, and the method is not suitable for calculating the sunshine shadow of large space steel structures such as steel roofs and the like; the second sunlight shadow calculation method aims at a specific structure and cannot solve the problem of sunlight shadow discrimination of a large number of staggered rods in a space steel structure at different times.
Therefore, a joint simulation method for accurately calculating the distribution rule of the space steel structure sunshine shadow is needed to be established based on finite element software and programming software, and the problem that the sunshine shadow is difficult to distinguish in the numerical simulation of the space steel structure sunshine temperature field is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of a space steel structure, which aims to solve the problem that the sunshine shadow distribution rule at different sun positions is difficult to calculate in the numerical simulation of the sunshine temperature field of the space steel structure and improve the application range of the sunshine shadow calculation.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of a space steel structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring real sun-related information at each moment in the day;
s2: calculating to obtain three-dimensional point coordinates of the sun at each moment and a solar incident angle of a surface effect unit applying solar radiation heat flow by using ANSYS software according to the real sun related information;
s3: screening illuminated surface units which are not considered to be shielded by the rod pieces in the space steel structure according to the solar incident angle;
s4: acquiring the number and the centroid coordinate of the illuminated surface unit;
s5: guiding the coordinates of the three-dimensional points of the sun at each moment, the numbers of the illuminated surface units and the coordinates of the mass centers of the illuminated surface units into a first txt file by using the macro file function of ANSYS software;
s6: generating sunshine unit numbers at all times by using Python software according to the first txt file;
s7: leading the sunshine unit number at each moment to be a second txt file;
s8: and reading the second txt file by using ANSYS software to generate a sunshine shadow distribution model of the spatial steel structure.
Optionally, in step S1, the real sun-related information includes a real sun altitude and a real sun azimuth.
Optionally, in step S2, the solar incident angle is:
wherein cos _ e (enum, x) is the cosine of an included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the x axis; cos _ s (still, x) is the cosine of the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the x axis when the time is still; cos _ e (enum, y) is the cosine of the included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the y axis; cos _ s (still, y) is the cosine of the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the y axis when the time is still; cos _ e (enum, z) is the cosine of an included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the z-axis; cos _ s (still, z) is the cosine of the angle between the incident ray of the sun and the z-axis when the time is still.
Optionally, the step S3 includes: and screening the illuminated surface units which are not shielded by the rod pieces in the space steel structure by using the cosine of the solar incident angle larger than zero.
Alternatively, the step S6 includes:
s61: calculating the direction vector of the incident rays of the sun when the three-dimensional point coordinates of the sun pass through the original point at each moment by utilizing Python software according to the three-dimensional point coordinates of the sun at each moment in the first txt file;
s62: determining a plane equation which passes through an original point at each moment and is perpendicular to the direction vector of the solar incident ray by using a point normal equation, and determining a linear equation which passes through the coordinates of the center of mass of each unit by using the direction vector of the solar incident ray at each moment by using a point equation;
s63: respectively determining intersection points of the straight line equation and the plane equation at each moment, wherein the number of the intersection points is consistent with the number of the corresponding unit;
s64: selecting one intersection point from the intersection point set at the target moment as a main intersection point, wherein the other intersection points are potential secondary intersection points, and the absolute value of the difference between the centroid coordinate Z value corresponding to the main intersection point number and the centroid coordinate Z value corresponding to the secondary intersection point number is greater than a limit value, wherein the limit value is related to the shape of the space steel structure and the sectional shape of the member;
s65: calculating the distance between the main intersection point and each secondary intersection point;
it should be noted that the distances are actually distance sets, and if the distances in the set are all greater than the control value, the sunshine units are the main intersection points; if the distance is smaller than the control value, and possibly many distances are smaller than the control value, extracting and calculating the corresponding sunshine units of the main intersection points of the distances and the intersection point number with the maximum Z value in each secondary intersection point.
S66: judging whether the intersection point distance is larger than a control value, if so, determining that a unit corresponding to the main intersection point number is a sunshine unit, and otherwise, determining that a unit with the largest mass center coordinate Z value in the units corresponding to the main intersection point number and each secondary intersection point number, which meet the condition that the intersection point distance is smaller than the control value, is the sunshine unit;
s67: repeating the steps S64-S66 until the sunlight unit number when the last intersection point in the intersection point set of the target moment is taken as the main intersection point is obtained, and entering the step S68 after the repeated sunlight unit number in the whole target moment is eliminated;
s68: and taking the next moment as a target moment and returning to the step S64 until all the moments are traversed to obtain the sunshine units at all the moments.
Optionally, in step S62, the point-normal equation is:
s 1 ×(x-x p )+s 2 ×(y-y p )+s 3 ×(z-z p )＝0
the point-wise equation is:
wherein, s(s) 1 ,s 2 ,s 3 ) Is the sun ray vector pointing to the origin; p (x) p ,y p ,z p ) Is a point on the plane; l (x) l ,y l ,z l ) Is a point on a straight line.
Optionally, in step S65, the distance is calculated by:
wherein, deltaL is the distance between two spatial points; k is an intersection point distance control value; (x) a ,y a ,z a ) And (x) b ,y b ,z b ) The coordinates of the point a and the point b are respectively.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method can accurately calculate the sunshine shadow distribution of the space steel structure finite element model established by the plate shell unit or the solid unit, even calculate the sunshine shadow distribution of the bridge, and has wide application range;
(2) The invention realizes the combined simulation of the finite element software and the programming software in the sunshine shadow calculation through the common txt file, avoids the problems of difficult association, difficult calling, easy error and the like of interfaces of the finite element software and the programming software, and can also realize the accurate calculation of the sunshine shadow of the structure by using different finite element software and programming;
(3) The invention is suitable for calculating the sunshine shadow with a complex structure, the calculation precision of the sunshine shadow can be adjusted according to different structures, the section size of the rod piece and the unit size, the applicability is strong, and the calculation precision is high;
(4) The invention removes the self-shielded units of the rod pieces in ANSYS software, and calculates the mutually shielded shadow units among the rod pieces only in Python, thereby saving a large amount of calculation time for a large finite element model;
(5) The sunshine shadow determination algorithm is based on basic theoretical knowledge of computer graphics, has clear algorithm logic, has better chirality for different personnel, and has better application prospect in practical application such as sunshine temperature field numerical simulation, sunshine shadow visualization technology and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of the space steel structure.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of a space steel structure, which is shown by referring to fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring real sun-related information at each moment in the day;
the real sun related information at each moment in the day is obtained through field actual measurement or a theoretical calculation formula, and comprises a real sun altitude angle and a real sun azimuth angle.
S2: calculating to obtain three-dimensional point coordinates of the sun at each moment and a solar incident angle of a surface effect unit applying solar radiation heat flow by using ANSYS software according to the real sun related information;
here, knowledge of the spatially resolved geometry is exploited, namely:
cosθ＝cos_e(enum,x)×cos_s(stime,x)+cos_e(enum,y)×cos_s(stime,y)
+cos_e(enum,z)×cos_s(stime,z)
in the formula, h s Is the solar altitude; gamma ray s Is the solar azimuth;
is the geographic latitude; delta is solar declination angle; omega is the solar hour angle; cos _ e (enum, x) is the cosine of the included angle between the normal of the surface unit numbered enum and the x axis; cos _ s (still, x) is the cosine of the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the x axis when the time is still; cos _ e (enum, y) is the cosine of the included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the y axis; cos _ s (still, y) is the cosine of the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the y axis when the time is still; cos _ e (enum, z) is the cosine of an included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the z-axis; cos _ s (still, z) is the cosine of the angle between the incident ray of the sun and the z-axis at time still.
Thus, the solar incident angle is:
s3: screening illuminated surface units which are not considered to be shielded by rod pieces in the space steel structure according to the solar incident angle;
according to the method, the illuminated surface units which are not considered to be shielded by the rod pieces in the space steel structure are screened by using the fact that the cosine of the solar incident angle is larger than zero. Thus, a large amount of calculation time can be saved in the subsequent sunshine shading determination.
S4: acquiring the number and the centroid coordinate of the illuminated surface unit;
s5: guiding the coordinates of the three-dimensional points of the sun, the numbers of the illuminated surface units and the coordinates of the mass center of the illuminated surface units at all times into a first txt file by utilizing the macro file function of ANSYS software;
s6: generating sunshine unit numbers at all times by using Python software according to the first txt file;
alternatively, the step S6 includes:
s61: calculating the direction vector of the incident ray of the sun when the three-dimensional point coordinate of the sun passes through the origin at each moment by utilizing Python software according to the three-dimensional point coordinate of the sun at each moment in the first txt file;
s62: determining a plane equation which passes through the origin at each moment and is perpendicular to the direction vector of the solar incident ray by using a point normal equation, and determining a linear equation which passes through the coordinate of the center of mass of each unit by using the direction vector of the solar incident ray at each moment;
the point-normal equation is:
the point-wise equation is:
wherein, s(s) 1 ,s 2 ,s 3 ) Is the sun ray vector pointing to the origin; p (x) p ,y p ,z p ) Is on a planeThe point of (3), in this invention, the origin; l (x) l ,y l ,z l ) The point on the straight line is the coordinate of the centroid of the cell in the invention.
S63: respectively determining intersection points of the straight line equation and the plane equation at each moment, wherein the number of the intersection points is consistent with the number of the corresponding unit;
it should be noted that the intersection coordinates are obtained by first obtaining t through a simultaneous point normal equation and a point equation, and then substituting t into the point equation.
S64: selecting one intersection point from the intersection point set at the target moment as a main intersection point, wherein the other intersection points are potential secondary intersection points, and the absolute value of the difference between the centroid coordinate Z value corresponding to the main intersection point number and the centroid coordinate Z value corresponding to the secondary intersection point number is greater than a limit value, wherein the limit value is related to the shape of the space steel structure and the sectional shape of the member;
namely: | z Master and slave -z Then And | is more than or equal to m, wherein m is a limit value.
S65: calculating the distance between the main intersection point and each secondary intersection point;
the spacing is calculated by:
wherein, deltaL is the distance between two spatial points; k is an intersection point distance control value; (x) a ,y a ,z a ) And (x) b ,y b ,z b ) The coordinates of the point a and the point b are respectively.
S66: judging whether the intersection point distance is larger than a control value, if so, determining that a unit corresponding to the main intersection point number is a sunshine unit, and otherwise, determining that a unit with the largest mass center coordinate Z value in the units corresponding to the main intersection point number and each secondary intersection point number, which meet the condition that the intersection point distance is smaller than the control value, is the sunshine unit;
s67: repeating the steps S64-S66 until the sunshine unit number when the last intersection point in the intersection point set of the target time is taken as the main intersection point is obtained, and entering the step S68 after the repeated sunshine unit number in the whole target time is removed;
s68: and taking the next moment as a target moment and returning to the step S64 until all the moments are traversed to obtain the sunshine units at all the moments.
S7: leading the sunshine unit number at each moment to be a second txt file;
it should be noted that, in the entire Python program, an import statement is required to import a math module, an os.path module, a time module and a datetime module, and several functions are established, so that the calculation of the numbers of sunlight units or shadow units shielded by rod members at each moment can be easily completed, and the purpose of calculating the sunlight shadow of the spatial steel structure in real time is achieved.
S8: and reading the second txt file by using ANSYS software to generate a sunshine shadow distribution model of the spatial steel structure.
Namely, the sunshine unit number or the rod-mutually-shielded shadow unit number calculated by the Python software is read into an ANSYS software array by utilizing the macro-file function of ANSYS software again, and the sunshine shadow number or the rod-mutually-shielded shadow unit number is used as a sunshine shadow judgment result in the simulation of the sunshine temperature field value of the space steel structure.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of a space steel structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring real sun-related information at each moment in the day;
s2: according to the real sun-related information, utilizing ANSYS software to calculate and obtain three-dimensional point coordinates of the sun at each moment and a solar incident angle of a surface effect unit applying solar radiation heat flow;
s3: screening illuminated surface units which are not considered to be shielded by the rod pieces in the space steel structure according to the solar incident angle;
s4: acquiring the number and the centroid coordinate of the illuminated surface unit;
s5: guiding the coordinates of the three-dimensional points of the sun at each moment, the numbers of the illuminated surface units and the coordinates of the mass centers of the illuminated surface units into a first txt file by using the macro file function of ANSYS software;
s6: generating sunshine unit numbers at all moments by using Python software according to the first txt file;
s7: leading the sunshine unit number at each moment to be a second txt file;
s8: and reading the second txt file by using ANSYS software to generate a sunshine shadow distribution model of the spatial steel structure.
2. The modeling method for solar radiation shadow distribution of spatial steel structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, said real sun-related information includes real sun altitude angle and real sun azimuth angle.
3. The method for modeling the solar radiation shadow distribution of the spatial steel structure according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the solar incident angle is:
wherein cos _ e (enum, x) is the cosine of an included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the x axis; cos _ s (still, x) is the cosine of the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the x axis when the time is still; cos _ e (enum, y) is the cosine of the included angle between the normal line of the surface unit numbered enum and the y axis; cos _ s (still, y) is the cosine of the included angle between the incident ray of the sun and the y axis when the time is still; cos _ e (enum, z) is the cosine of an included angle between the normal of the surface unit numbered enum and the z axis; cos _ s (still, z) is the cosine of the angle between the incident ray of the sun and the z-axis at time still.
4. The sunshine shadow distribution modeling method of the spatial steel structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the step S3 includes: and screening the illuminated surface units which are not shielded by the rod pieces in the space steel structure by using the cosine of the solar incident angle larger than zero.
5. The method for modeling the solar radiation shadow distribution of a spatial steel structure according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 includes:
s61: calculating the direction vector of the incident ray of the sun when the three-dimensional point coordinate of the sun passes through the origin at each moment by utilizing Python software according to the three-dimensional point coordinate of the sun at each moment in the first txt file;
s62: determining a plane equation which passes through the origin at each moment and is perpendicular to the direction vector of the solar incident ray by using a point normal equation, and determining a linear equation which passes through the coordinate of the center of mass of each unit by using the direction vector of the solar incident ray at each moment;
s63: respectively determining intersection points of the straight line equation and the plane equation at each moment, wherein the number of the intersection points is consistent with the number of the corresponding unit;
s64: selecting one intersection point from the intersection point set at the target moment as a main intersection point, wherein the other intersection points are potential secondary intersection points, and the absolute value of the difference between the centroid coordinate Z value corresponding to the main intersection point number and the centroid coordinate Z value corresponding to the secondary intersection point number is greater than a limit value, wherein the limit value is related to the shape of the space steel structure and the sectional shape of the member;
s65: calculating the distance between the main intersection point and each secondary intersection point;
s66: judging whether the intersection point distance is larger than a control value, if so, determining that a unit corresponding to the main intersection point number is a sunshine unit, and otherwise, determining that a unit with the largest mass center coordinate Z value in the units corresponding to the main intersection point number and each secondary intersection point number, which meet the condition that the intersection point distance is smaller than the control value, is the sunshine unit;
s67: repeating the steps S64-S66 until the sunshine unit number when the last intersection point in the intersection point set of the target time is taken as the main intersection point is obtained, and entering the step S68 after the repeated sunshine unit number in the whole target time is removed;
s68: and taking the next moment as a target moment and returning to the step S64 until all the moments are traversed to obtain the sunshine units at all the moments.
6. The method for modeling the solar radiation shadow distribution of the spatial steel structure according to claim 5, wherein in the step S62, the point-normal equation is as follows:
s 1 ×(x-x p )+s 2 ×(y-y p )+s 3 ×(z-z p )＝0
the point-wise equation is:
x＝x l +s 1 ×t
y＝y l +s 2 ×t
z＝z l +s 3 ×t
wherein, s(s) 1 ,s 2 ,s 3 ) Is the sun ray vector pointing to the origin; p (x) p ,y p ,z p ) Is a point on the plane; l (x) l ,y l ,z l ) Is a point on a straight line.
7. The method for modeling the solar radiation shadow distribution of a spatial steel structure according to claim 5, wherein in said step S65, said distance is calculated by:
wherein, deltaL is the distance between two spatial points; k is an intersection point distance control value; (x) a ,y a ,z a ) And (x) b ,y b ,z b ) The coordinates of the point a and the point b are respectively.
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