CN115878731A - Automatic warm-spike identification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic warm front identification method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring data of a fine grid wind field and a temperature field, calculating parameters of a thermal front and temperature advection, and determining a fine grid warm front region; interpolating to obtain a warm front area of the coarse grid, and positioning a warm boundary of the warm front area of the coarse grid according to the wind direction; and positioning grid points of the warm boundary of the fine grid according to the warm boundary of the coarse grid, and performing polynomial fitting to obtain a warm front. The method for identifying the warm front by utilizing the thermal front parameters and the temperature advection design can effectively improve the accuracy of the warm front identification, reduce the difference of subjective analysis, realize the automatic identification of the warm front line, reduce the subjectivity of manual analysis of the front and realize the automation of the front analysis in service forecast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic identification of weather systems, in particular to an automatic identification method of a warm front.
Background
The warm front is the front that the warm air pushes the front to move to the cold air group side in the moving process of the front. The frontal surface is used as the interface of the cold and hot air mass, the air movement is active near the frontal surface, the air flow is extremely unstable, the air flow has strong lifting movement, severe weather changes are often caused, and the weather system is one of important weather systems. Many studies are focused on cold front activities, while few warm front studies are focused on warm fronts, which are hot fronts dominated by warm and humid air masses, often accompanied by continuous precipitation, heavy rain, and other disastrous weather, and the importance of which is also not negligible. The frontal analysis plays an important role in the business of weather forecast, and the automatic frontal identification is realized, so that the rapid and objective analysis and weather forecast are facilitated. On a long time scale, the frontal line positioned by the unified standard also has important significance for meteorological scientific research work.
The frontal line is a line without a fixed two-dimensional structure, and the position of the frontal line needs to be positioned by integrating various meteorological elements, so that the identification difficulty is higher than that of other weather systems with closed contour lines. The manual analysis of the front is long in time consumption and strong in subjectivity, and although some automatic front identification algorithms are proposed in the prior art, the algorithms are not high in efficiency of identification on continents, and the same standard is usually adopted for cold and warm fronts with different properties. Therefore, there is a need to provide an identification method that better conforms to the warm front property, and helps to improve the accuracy of automatic frontal analysis in traffic forecasting.
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a new method for solving at least some of the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic warm front identification method, which is designed by utilizing thermal front parameters and temperature advection and is suitable for the warm front, so that the accuracy of warm front identification can be effectively improved, the difference of subjective analysis is reduced, and the automation of front analysis in service forecast is realized.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an automatic warm front identification method comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring wind field data and temperature field data at the height of 850hPa, mapping the data to a fine grid, and smoothing the temperature field data;
s2: positioning a high-altitude frontal area: calculating thermal front parameters based on smoothed temperature field dataTFP, calculating temperature advection based on wind field data and smoothed temperature field data
Selecting and simultaneously satisfying that TFP | > 3 x 10 | -11 K/m 2 And
the area of the grid is used as a fine grid warm front area;
s3: interpolating the warm edge front areas of the fine grids screened in the step S2 onto the coarse grids, wherein if the proportion of fine grid points belonging to the warm edge front areas in one coarse grid is more than 5%, the coarse grids are warm edge front area grid points, otherwise, the coarse grids are non-warm edge front area grid points, and the warm edge front areas under the coarse grids are obtained;
s4: according to warm boundary in warm cutting edge of a knife or a sword frontal region under the wind direction location coarse grid, specifically include:
s4-1: classifying the grid points of the warm front region under the coarse grid, if the grid points are adjacent, determining the grid points in the same warm front region, otherwise, determining the grid points in different warm front regions;
s4-2: judging the main wind direction in each warm front region: calculating the average wind speed value of the latitudinal wind field and the average wind speed value of the longitudinal wind field of all grid points in the warm-front region at corresponding positions, wherein if the average wind speed value of the latitudinal wind field is greater than 0, the main latitudinal wind direction in the warm-front region is west wind, otherwise, the main latitudinal wind direction is east wind; if the average wind speed value of the radial wind field is greater than 0, the main radial wind direction in the warm front frontal region is south wind, otherwise, the main radial wind direction is north wind;
s4-3: determining the warm boundary of the warm front region according to the main latitudinal wind direction and the main meridional wind direction in the warm front region: if the main latitudinal wind direction in the warm front region is west wind, selecting the lattice point on the west side of the warm front region as a boundary I, and otherwise selecting the lattice point on the east side as the boundary I; if the main radial wind direction in the warm front region is south wind, selecting the grid point on the south most side of the warm front region as a boundary II, otherwise selecting the grid point on the north most side as the boundary II, and combining the boundary I with the boundary II to obtain the warm boundary of the warm front region under the coarse grids;
s5: positioning grid points of the warm edge region of the fine grid in the warm edge region range of the warm edge region of the coarse grid, and determining the warm edge position and the warm edge grid points of the warm edge region corresponding to the fine grid under the fine grid according to the warm edge position of the warm edge region of the coarse grid;
s6: and performing polynomial fitting on the warm boundary points of each warm front region in the fine grid, wherein each front region corresponds to a smooth warm front line, and the distribution position of the warm front lines is obtained.
Further, in the automatic warm front identification method of the present invention, the resolution of the fine mesh in S1 is 0.25 ° × 0.25 °.
Further, in the automatic warm front identification method of the present invention, a calculation formula of the thermal front parameter TFP in S2 is:
wherein T is a temperature at a height of 850hPa,
for the gradient operator, <' >>
x is the grid point in the weft direction and y is the grid point in the warp direction.
Further, the warm front automatic identification method of the invention, temperature advection in S2
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is a vector wind field, T is the temperature at 850hPa height, u is the latitudinal wind, v is the latitudinal wind, x is the lattice point in the latitudinal direction, y is the longitudinal directionUpper grid points.
Further, in the automatic warm front identification method of the present invention, the resolution of the coarse grid in S3 is 2.5 ° × 2.5 °.
Further, in the automatic warm front identification method of the present invention, the adjacent grid points in S4-1 are defined as: two grid points are considered to be neighboring grid points if they differ from one another by only 0 or 1 precision in both the longitude and latitude directions, each precision being 2.5 °.
Further, in the automatic warm edge identification method of the invention, in S5, the warm boundary position of the warm edge zone below the fine grid is the same as the warm boundary position of the corresponding warm edge zone below the coarse grid, and the warm boundary lattice point of the warm edge zone below the fine grid is the warm boundary lattice point located at the warm boundary position of the fine grid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the invention relates to an automatic warm front identification method, which aims to determine a high-altitude front area, determine a front area warm boundary and determine a ground front, refers to a manual front identification step, and determines the position of a warm front by utilizing meteorological elements and thermal front parameters according to a standard more suitable for the warm front, so that the automatic warm front identification accuracy can be improved, the automatic warm front identification can be realized, the subjectivity of manual front analysis can be reduced to a certain extent, and a reference is provided for forecasters in weather forecast service work.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a warm front automatic identification method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of S401 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of S402;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the location of the warm front over the continental Eurasia at 11 months, 3 days, and 12 days 2018 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of determining the warm front peak under the coarse grid on Oucasian continence at 11/2018, 3/12 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of selecting a hot boundary of a frontal area on great European Asia land at 11, 3 and 12 months in 2018 according to wind direction in the frontal area in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the warm boundary of the frontal area under the fine mesh screened on continental europe and asia at 11/2018, 3/12 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a warm front chart objectively identified on continental europe in 2018, month 11, day 3, and day 12 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
The description in this section is for exemplary embodiments only and the invention is not to be limited in scope by the embodiments described. Combinations of different embodiments, and substitutions of features from different embodiments, or similar prior art means may be substituted for or substituted for features of the embodiments shown and described.
Example 1
An automatic warm front identification method, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step S1: and downloading ERA-5 hourly analysis data comprising a wind field uv and a temperature field T at the height of 850hPa, wherein the resolution is 0.25 degrees multiplied by 0.25 degrees, and smoothing the temperature field data.
Step S2: and positioning the high-altitude frontal area. Calculating thermal front parameters using smoothed temperature T
Calculating a temperature advection ^ using the uv wind field and the smoothed temperature T>
Selecting to satisfy TFP | ≧ 3 × 10 -11 K/m 2 And &>
The zone of (a) serves as the warm front. As shown in fig. 4, the shaded area represents the screened out fine grid warm front.
And step S3: interpolating the warm front regions in the fine grids (0.25 degrees multiplied by 0.25 degrees) onto the coarse grids (2.5 degrees multiplied by 2.5 degrees), and if the number of the fine grid front regions in one coarse grid is less than 5, namely the density of the front region grid points in one coarse grid is less than 5%, neglecting under the coarse grids. The resolution of the coarse grid is 2.5 ° × 2.5 °, the resolution of the fine grid is 0.25 ° × 0.25 °, for example, one coarse grid contains 100 fine grid points, if the fine grid warm front points contained in one coarse grid are less than 5, that is, in one coarse grid, the fine grid points belonging to the warm front are less than 5%, then the coarse grid will not be selected as the warm front points; and when the proportion of the fine grid points belonging to the warm front region in one coarse grid point is more than 5%, the coarse grid point is considered to belong to the warm front region. As shown in fig. 5, the shadow color represents the calculated ratio of the lattice points in the warm front region of the fine mesh in the lattice points by light and dark, wherein more than 5% of the lattice points are represented by shadows, that is, the shaded area in the figure is the lattice point of the warm front region screened under the coarse mesh.
And step S4: and positioning the warm boundary of the frontal area under the coarse grid.
Step S401: classifying the lattice points in the frontal region under the coarse grid, and if the lattice points are adjacent to one another, determining the lattice points in the same frontal region, otherwise, determining the lattice points in different frontal regions, wherein the specific steps are shown in fig. 2. Wherein, the adjacent definition of the grid points is as follows: two grid points are considered to be adjacent if they differ from one another only by 0 or 1 precision (2.5 °) in both the longitude and latitude directions. As shown in fig. 6, the lattice points belonging to the same frontal area are outlined by the same dashed box and represented by the same gray scale.
Step S402: after the classification of the frontal area lattice points is completed, the main wind direction in each frontal area is judged, the average u and v wind fields of all the lattice points in the frontal area on corresponding positions are calculated, and the warm boundary corresponding to the frontal area is screened out according to the average wind fields, and the specific steps are shown in fig. 3. For example, southwest wind is mainly blown in the frontal region (u wind field average is greater than 0, v wind field average is greater than 0), the warm boundary of the warm frontal region is on the southwest side, namely, grid points on the west side and the south side in the frontal region are selected as the warm boundary of the frontal region. Also as shown in fig. 6, in the same dashed box, darker colors are the warm boundary of the screened out frontal region, e.g., the frontal region located between (10 ° -30 ° N,30 ° -60 ° E), and the main wind direction in the frontal region is calculated to be southeast wind, so the corresponding most eastern and south grid points are the warm boundary grid points of the frontal region (represented by darker shading than the frontal region grid points).
Step S5: and screening out the grid points of the fine grid frontal region within the range of the grid points of the warm boundary of the coarse grid frontal region in the fine grid frontal region. And further screening the warm boundary under the fine grid according to the direction of the warm boundary at the front area of the coarse grid. Similar to step S4, if the frontal warm boundary under the coarse grid is the southwest boundary, the frontal warm boundary is positioned on the grid points on the west side and the south side in the fine grid. As shown in fig. 7, the position of the warm boundary of the frontal area in fig. 6 is combined with the fine grid frontal area in fig. 4, and taking the warm boundary of the frontal area between (10 ° -30 ° N,30 ° -60 ° E) in fig. 4 as an example, the fine grid frontal area lattice points within the range of the warm boundary lattice points are selected, further, because the direction corresponding to the warm boundary is the southeast direction, the most eastern side and the most southeast side lattice points are also selected on the fine grid frontal area lattice points as the warm boundary of the frontal area under the fine grid, which is shown by the black bold line in fig. 7. It can be seen that the frontal warm boundary grid points under the fine grid are distributed to exhibit a linear-like character.
Step S6: and performing polynomial fitting on warm boundary lattice points of each front region in the fine grid, wherein one front region corresponds to a smooth warm front, and deleting the front with the too small length to obtain the distribution position of the warm front. As shown in fig. 8, the gray contours represent the sea level barometric field (in hPa), and the black short solid lines represent the identified location of the warm front, which has a better match with the sea level barometric field.
The automatic warm front identification method provided by the invention refers to the step of manually identifying the front, and utilizes meteorological elements and thermal front parameters to automatically determine the position of the warm front, so that the accuracy of automatic warm front identification can be improved, the automatic warm front identification is realized, the subjectivity of manual analysis of the front is reduced to a certain extent, and references are provided for forecasters in weather forecast service work.
The description and applications of the invention herein are illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the embodiments described above. The descriptions related to the effects or advantages in the specification may not be reflected in practical experimental examples due to uncertainty of specific condition parameters or influence of other factors, and the descriptions related to the effects or advantages are not used for limiting the scope of the invention. Variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible, and alternative and equivalent various components of the embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other components, materials, and parts, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Other variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An automatic warm front identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring wind field data and temperature field data at the height of 850hPa, mapping the wind field data and the temperature field data to a fine grid, and smoothing the temperature field data;
s2: positioning a high-altitude frontal area: calculating a thermal front parameter TFP based on the smoothed temperature field data, and calculating a temperature advection based on the wind field data and the smoothed temperature field data
Selecting to satisfy TFP | ≧ 3 × 10 -11 K/m 2 And
as a fine meshA warm front zone;
s3: interpolating the warm edge front areas of the fine grids screened in the step S2 onto the coarse grids, wherein if the proportion of fine grid points belonging to the warm edge front areas in one coarse grid is more than 5%, the coarse grids are warm edge front area grid points, otherwise, the coarse grids are non-warm edge front area grid points, and the warm edge front areas under the coarse grids are obtained;
s4: according to warm boundary in warm cutting edge of a knife or a sword frontal region under the wind direction location coarse grid, specifically include:
s4-1: classifying the grid points of the warm front region under the coarse grid, if the grid points are adjacent, determining the grid points in the same warm front region, otherwise, determining the grid points in different warm front regions;
s4-2: judging the main wind direction in each warm front region: calculating the average wind speed value of the latitudinal wind field and the average wind speed value of the longitudinal wind field of all grid points in the warm-front region at corresponding positions, wherein if the average wind speed value of the latitudinal wind field is greater than 0, the main latitudinal wind direction in the warm-front region is west wind, otherwise, the main latitudinal wind direction is east wind; if the average wind speed value of the radial wind field is greater than 0, the main radial wind direction in the warm front frontal region is south wind, otherwise, the main radial wind direction is north wind;
s4-3: determining the warm boundary of the warm front region according to the main latitudinal wind direction and the main meridional wind direction in the warm front region: if the main latitudinal wind direction in the warm front frontal area is west wind, selecting the lattice point on the west side of the warm front frontal area as a boundary I, and otherwise selecting the lattice point on the east side as the boundary I; if the main radial wind direction in the warm front region is south wind, selecting the grid point on the south most side of the warm front region as a boundary II, otherwise selecting the grid point on the north most side as the boundary II, and combining the boundary I with the boundary II to obtain the warm boundary of the warm front region under the coarse grids;
s5: positioning grid points of the warm edge region of the fine grid in the warm edge region range of the warm edge region of the coarse grid, and determining the warm edge position and the warm edge grid points of the warm edge region corresponding to the fine grid under the fine grid according to the warm edge position of the warm edge region of the coarse grid;
s6: and performing polynomial fitting on warm boundary lattice points of each warm front edge region in the fine grid, wherein each front edge region corresponds to a smooth warm front edge, and the distribution position of the warm front edge is obtained.
2. The method of automatic warm front identification according to claim 1, characterized in that the resolution of the fine mesh in S1 is 0.25 ° x 0.25 °.
3. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation formula of the thermal front parameter TFP in S2 is:
wherein T is a temperature at a height of 850hPa,
for the gradient operator, <' >>
x is the grid point in the weft direction and y is the grid point in the warp direction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein temperature advection in S2 is performed by
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: />
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for a vector wind field, T is the temperature at a height of 850hPa, u is the latitudinal wind, v is the latitudinal wind, x is the grid point in the latitudinal direction, and y is the grid point in the longitudinal direction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resolution of the coarse grid in S3 is 2.5 ° x 2.5 °.
6. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent grid points in S4-1 are defined as: two grid points are considered to be neighboring grid points if they differ from one another by only 0 or 1 precision in both the longitude and latitude directions, each precision being 2.5 °.
7. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that in S5, the warm boundary position of the warm front area under the fine mesh is the same as the warm boundary position of the corresponding warm front area under the coarse mesh, and the warm boundary lattice points of the warm front area under the fine mesh are the warm boundary lattice points located at the warm boundary position of the fine mesh.
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