CN115876867A - Isotope separation enrichment device with multipole rod mass analyzer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an isotope separation and enrichment device with a multipole rod mass analyzer, which comprises a front chamber, a vacuum chamber and a vacuum interface between the front chamber and the vacuum chamber, wherein an ICP ion source assembly is arranged in the front chamber, the ICP ion source assembly is connected with an ion extraction system in the vacuum chamber through the vacuum interface, the rear side of the ion extraction system is connected with the multipole rod mass analyzer, the rear side of the ion extraction system is connected with a plug-in receiver, and the rear side of the ion extraction system is connected with a signal amplifier; the isotope separation and enrichment device also comprises an electronic control system; the invention can improve the ionization efficiency of the prior art, reduce the construction cost of the device and reduce the maintenance difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analysis and test, and particularly relates to an isotope separation and enrichment device.
Background
Most elements in the periodic table have various isotopes, and in the fields of modern industry, medicine, and biology, geochemistry, specific isotopes of the elements need to be highly enriched. For example, natural U has two isotopes, namely 235U and 238U, and the abundance is 0.7% and 99.3%, respectively, while nuclear fuel can only use 235U with high purity, so that the 235U with low abundance in the natural world needs to be purified and highly enriched to produce the nuclear fuel; for another example, in the medical field, the condition of metabolic abnormality is often determined by enriched isotope, one of the routine items of physical examination is helicobacter pylori infection, the item is detected by carbon 13 urea breath test, and carbon 13 enriched raw material is used; in various environmental and chemical analysis fields, isotopes of various metal and non-metal elements are often used to trace migration or chemical reaction processes of pollutants, and these trace species are also highly enriched isotopes.
Isotope separation and enrichment technologies are various, and for the enrichment of gas isotopes, a thermal diffusion or low-temperature rectification method is generally adopted; for the enrichment of 235U, a gas centrifuge and a specific wavelength laser ionization method can be utilized; for some isotopes of specific elements, such as 6Li, ion exchange methods can be used. However, these methods are all dedicated methods, and dedicated apparatuses and methods must be used to separate and enrich specific elements and isotopes, but these dedicated apparatuses and methods cannot be applied to other types of isotopic enrichment, so that apparatuses and methods with certain versatility need to be found.
The existing general isotope separation and enrichment method is an electromagnetic separation method, the device thereof is similar to a large-scale magnetic mass spectrometer, the prior art implementation scheme is a magnetic isotope separation device, the structure and the schematic diagram of which are shown in figure 1: the key components of the ion source comprise an ion source, a fan-shaped magnetic field and an isotope receiving cup, the principle of the ion source is generally solid thermal surface ionization or gas electron bombardment ionization, elements ionized by the ion source are accelerated in a high-vacuum chamber through an electric field to form ion beam current which enters the fan-shaped magnetic field and is deflected under the action of a Lorentz effect under the magnetic field, the deflection radiuses of ions with different mass/charge ratios are different, and specific isotopes can be selected by adjusting the magnetic field intensity and are received by the isotope receiving cup after the fan-shaped magnetic field.
Through the research and analysis of the applicant, the disadvantages of the prior art include:
(1) The ionization efficiency is low: the ionization efficiency of the hot surface ionization is about 1 percent, and the gas electron bombardment ionization efficiency is only about 0.01 percent.
(2) The device has high construction cost: magnetic isotope separation devices are limited by the ionization efficiency of the ion source, and in order to obtain sufficient isotope enrichment in a given time, the physical size of the device must be increased to support a sufficiently strong isotope ion beam current. The large size of the high vacuum system and the magnetic sector are both prohibitively expensive. Commercial magnetic mass spectrometers (the same basic principle as magnetic isotope separation devices) with a radius of 300mm are priced in millions of RMB, can support ion beam currents of the order of 10-9A, and cannot achieve meaningful isotope enrichment. And the magnetic isotope separation device with industrial enrichment capacity is almost constructed for national financial fund allocation.
(3) The maintenance difficulty is large: because the large-scale magnetic isotope separation device is a special facility and the ion source is also in the vacuum cavity, professional operation and maintenance are needed.
Therefore, new devices and new methods are needed to solve the corresponding technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The invention provides an isotope separation and enrichment device with a multipole rod mass analyzer, which comprises:
the ICP ion source assembly is connected with an ion extraction system installed in the vacuum chamber through the vacuum interface, the rear side of the ion extraction system is connected with a multipole rod mass analyzer, the rear side of the multipole rod mass analyzer is connected with a plug-in receiver, and the rear side of the plug-in receiver is also connected with a signal amplifier;
the vacuum chamber is also connected with a molecular pump for forming high vacuum in the vacuum chamber;
the isotope separation and enrichment device further comprises an electronic control system, wherein the electronic control system comprises an ICP radio-frequency power supply for exciting plasma, a multi-pole radio-frequency power supply for screening and separating isotopes and a control function device, the front chamber is an environment atmospheric pressure chamber, the ICP ion source assembly comprises a torch tube, and the torch tube is placed in front of the vacuum interface.
In the technical scheme, an ICP ion source component ionizes a high-concentration solution containing an element to be detected through a plasma formed by inductive coupling and generates the plasma, the plasma enters an ion extraction system in a vacuum chamber through a vacuum interface, ions generated by the ICP ion source component are extracted and guided into a rear-side multipole rod mass analyzer, an isotope with a specified mass number passes through the analyzer by controlling the multipole rod mass analyzer, other isotopes are shunted to other places, the isotope passing through the analyzer is received by a receiver and is subjected to signal amplification through an amplifier to form information capable of distinguishing analysis, or the information is received by a plug-in receiver and redundant charges are led out, so that the ions are deposited on the surface of the plug-in receiver, and after enough isotopes are collected, the plug-in receiver is taken out and the isotopes are extracted by a chemical method such as acid soaking to obtain analyzable data.
The technical scheme provides a new design scheme, the ion source with a certain concentration is formed by ionizing a high-concentration solution, a specified specific isotope is obtained by a multipole rod mass analyzer, the problems of low ionization efficiency, high construction cost and high operation and maintenance difficulty of the existing large-scale magnetic isotope separation device can be solved, and the efficient, low-cost and universal isotope enrichment device is constructed.
In addition, the isotope separation and enrichment device with the multipole rod mass analyzer disclosed by the invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
further, the ICP ion source assembly further comprises a high-concentration solution container and an inductive coupling component which interacts with the high-concentration solution container to generate plasma.
Further, the multipole rod mass analyzer is a quadrupole rod mass analyzer or a hexapole rod mass analyzer.
Further, the plug-in receiver is a grounded Faraday cup.
Furthermore, the Faraday cup adopts a cup body structure made of simple substance graphite or inert metal materials.
Further, the vacuum chamber has a vacuum chamber top cover for facilitating disassembly, assembly, maintenance of the ion extraction system, the multipole rod mass analyzer. Based on the invention, only one mass number of isotopes can be collected at a time, and other isotopes entering the vacuum cavity are deflected from the ion optical path under the action of the multipole rods and are screened, wherein a part of isotopes possibly deposit on the quadrupole rods, so that the isotopes need to be replaced and cleaned more conveniently.
Further, the electronic control system comprises an ICP radio frequency power supply for exciting plasma, a quadrupole radio frequency power supply for screening and separating isotopes, and an electronic software, hardware and firmware control system for correspondingly controlling all functional devices, such as a vacuum pump and other units to normally work.
The firmware control system mainly comprises a power distribution module: 220V AC to 12V/24V/48V DC power supply. 2. An instrument control module: the sensor data reading module is used for controlling the vacuum system control module, the ICP radio frequency power supply module, the quadrupole radio frequency power supply module, the signal amplifier module, the pneumatic solenoid valve control module and the sensor data reading of each module unit. And 3.ICP radio frequency power supply module. 4. Quadrupole pole radio frequency power module. 5. A vacuum system control module. 6. And a signal amplifier module. 7. The pneumatic solenoid valve control module: ICP gas circuit control and vacuum interface closing control. 8. A communication module: and the data processing system and the instrument control module are subjected to data transmission and analog-digital control by using Ethernet or optical fiber communication.
Furthermore, the vacuum interface adopts a salt-tolerant large-aperture cone structure. During operation, high-concentration single element solution is introduced, so that the general isotope separation device based on the quadrupole rod adopts salt-tolerant design (such as low-cost consumables and large-aperture cones) at the ICP and the vacuum interface part (corresponding to the sampling cone and the intercepting cone of the multipole rod).
Further, the receiver and the bore of the vacuum interface and the ion source are in an unobstructed line, i.e., a straight-through ion-optical configuration.
Further, adopt short multipole pole, so combine together with other structures of this device, further promote the ion through rate, also can further reduce this device volume and cost simultaneously, the length of short multipole pole can be calculated and experimental the confirming according to expected value.
Further, the vacuum interface is located in the chamber between the pre-chamber and the vacuum chamber.
The device has the following features.
(1) The ionization efficiency is high. Ionization is realized by utilizing an ICP principle, and 100% ionization can be realized for almost all metal elements. Can realize continuous sample introduction under the laboratory condition and does not need to open the vacuum cavity frequently.
(2) The universality is good, and the enrichment of various isotopes can be realized. Separation and enrichment of isotopes of all metals ranging from the lightest metal, li, to the heaviest metal, U, can be achieved using quadrupole rod technology.
(3) The device has low construction cost. The device can be modified based on a commercial quadrupole ICP mass spectrometer. Commercial quadrupole ICP mass spectrometers are currently available in the range of 50-100 million minks. Compared with a magnetic isotope separation device, the device is extremely economical.
(4) The operation and maintenance are simple. The operations of opening the vacuum cavity and replacing the Faraday cup can be performed by related personnel only through basic training.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction principle of a conventional magnetic isotope separation apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an isotope separation enrichment apparatus with a multipole rod mass analyzer of the present invention.
The system comprises an ion source 11, a high vacuum chamber 12, a fan-shaped magnetic field 13, an isotope receiving cup 14, a torch tube 1, a torch tube 2, a vacuum interface 3, a quadrupole rod mass analyzer 4, a turbo molecular vacuum pump 5, a plug-in isotope collector 6, a resistance amplifier 7, an RF coil 8, a vacuum chamber 9, a sealing ring 10, a detachable upper cover and a preposed chamber 1A.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "lateral", "vertical", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "coupled," "communicating," "connected," "coupled," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, integrally coupled, or detachably coupled; may be communication within the two elements; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; "mating" may be a surface-to-surface mating, a point-to-surface or line-to-surface mating, and also includes a hole axis mating, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the above terms have specific meanings in the present invention.
The isotope separation/enrichment apparatus with the multipole rod mass analyzer of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which fig. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a conventional magnetic isotope separation apparatus of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the isotope separation enrichment apparatus with a multipole rod mass analyzer of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an isotope separation and enrichment apparatus with a multipole rod mass analyzer includes a pre-chamber and a vacuum chamber connected to a rear side of the pre-chamber, a vacuum interface is provided between the pre-chamber and the vacuum chamber, an ICP ion source assembly is installed inside the pre-chamber, the ICP ion source assembly is connected to an ion extraction system installed inside the vacuum chamber through the vacuum interface, a multipole rod mass analyzer is connected to a rear side of the ion extraction system, a plug-in receiver is connected to a rear side of the multipole rod mass analyzer, and a signal amplifier is connected to a rear side of the plug-in receiver;
the vacuum chamber is also connected with a molecular pump for forming high vacuum in the vacuum chamber;
the isotope separation and enrichment device further comprises an electronic control system, wherein the electronic control system comprises an ICP radio-frequency power supply for exciting plasma, a multi-pole radio-frequency power supply for screening and separating isotopes and a control function device, the front chamber is an environment atmospheric pressure chamber, the ICP ion source assembly comprises a torch tube, and the torch tube is placed in front of the vacuum interface.
In addition, the isotope separation and enrichment device with the multipole rod mass analyzer disclosed by the invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ICP ion source assembly further comprises a high concentration solution container, and an inductive coupling component interacting with the high concentration solution container to generate a plasma.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the multipole rod mass analyser is a quadrupole rod mass analyser or a hexapole rod mass analyser.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the plug receiver is a grounded faraday cup.
Further, the Faraday cup adopts a cup body structure made of simple substance graphite or inert metal materials.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the vacuum chamber has a vacuum chamber top cover for facilitating disassembly, assembly, maintenance of the ion extraction system, the multipole rod mass analyser. The top cover can be conveniently disassembled, the maintenance of an ion extraction system and a quadrupole rod is carried out, and a Faraday cup is replaced to collect isotopes.
The control function device comprises an electronic software, hardware and firmware control system for normal operation of units such as a vacuum pump.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum interface adopts a salt-tolerant large-aperture cone structure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the receiver and the cone of the vacuum interface and the ion source are in a line that is not blocked, i.e. a straight-through ion-optical configuration.
Further, adopt short multipole, so combine together with other structures of this device, further promote the ion through rate, also can further reduce this device volume and cost simultaneously, the length of short multipole can be calculated and experimental the confirming according to expected value. The short multipole rods can be short quadrupole rods or short hexapole rods, etc.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the vacuum interface is located in the chamber between the pre-chamber and the vacuum chamber.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Any reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. This schematic representation in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this invention. In particular, reasonable variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the foregoing disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. Except for variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. An isotope separation and enrichment device with a multipole rod mass analyzer is characterized by comprising a preposed chamber and a vacuum chamber connected to the rear side of the preposed chamber, wherein a vacuum interface is arranged between the preposed chamber and the vacuum chamber, an ICP ion source assembly is installed in the preposed chamber and is connected with an ion extraction system installed in the vacuum chamber through the vacuum interface, the rear side of the ion extraction system is connected with the multipole rod mass analyzer, the rear side of the multipole rod mass analyzer is connected with a plug-in receiver, and the rear side of the plug-in receiver is also connected with a signal amplifier;
the vacuum chamber is also connected with a molecular pump for forming high vacuum in the vacuum chamber;
the isotope separation and enrichment device also comprises an electronic control system, wherein the electronic control system comprises an ICP radio frequency power supply for exciting plasma, a multi-pole radio frequency power supply for screening and separating isotopes and a control function device;
the pre-chamber is an ambient atmospheric pressure chamber, the ICP ion source assembly includes a torch tube, the torch tube is placed in front of the vacuum interface.
2. The isotope separation and enrichment apparatus with a multipole rod mass analyzer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the ICP ion source assembly further comprises a high concentration solution container, and an inductive coupling component that interacts with the high concentration solution container to generate a plasma.
3. The isotope separation and enrichment device with a multipole rod mass analyzer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multipole rod mass analyzer is a quadrupole rod mass analyzer or a hexapole rod mass analyzer.
4. The isotope separation and enrichment apparatus with a multipole rod mass analyzer of claim 1, wherein the pluggable receiver is a grounded faraday cup.
5. The isotope separation and enrichment apparatus with the multipole rod mass analyzer of claim 4, wherein the Faraday cup is a cup structure made of elemental graphite or an inert metal material.
6. An isotope separation enrichment apparatus with a multipole rod mass analyser in accordance with claim 1, wherein the vacuum chamber has a vacuum chamber lid for facilitating disassembly, installation and maintenance of the ion extraction system, the multipole rod mass analyser.
7. The isotope separation and enrichment device with the multipole rod mass analyzer of claim 1, wherein the vacuum interface is in a salt-tolerant large-aperture cone structure.
8. An isotopic separation enrichment apparatus having a multipole mass analyzer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the taper holes of the receiver and the vacuum interface and the ion source are in an unobstructed line.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116943426A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-27 | 兰州大学 | Device and method for separating lithium isotopes on surface of small-angle scattering magnet |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116943426A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-27 | 兰州大学 | Device and method for separating lithium isotopes on surface of small-angle scattering magnet |
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