CN115875060A - Basalt fiber anchor rod - Google Patents
Basalt fiber anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN115875060A CN115875060A CN202310062683.2A CN202310062683A CN115875060A CN 115875060 A CN115875060 A CN 115875060A CN 202310062683 A CN202310062683 A CN 202310062683A CN 115875060 A CN115875060 A CN 115875060A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a basalt fiber anchor rod, wherein a basalt fiber reinforced monomer is arranged in the anchor rod, the basalt fiber reinforced monomer is composed of basalt fiber filaments in an inner layer and a modified layer wrapping the basalt fiber filaments, the basalt fiber filaments are formed by carrying out high-temperature melting, extruding and drawing on basalt, and the modified layer is composed of resin matrix in which ultra-fine chopped steel fibers and basalt fiber filaments are mixed and wrapped on the basalt fiber filaments through extrusion thermal control forming. The basalt fiber reinforcement anchor rod can meet various engineering requirements by virtue of the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, self detection and easiness in processing, can be manufactured in any specification, and can be produced in batch. The selected ultra-weak grating optical fiber technology can ensure that the number of grating optical fiber sensors which can be taken on a single optical fiber can reach thousands, thereby realizing the global monitoring of the anchor rod body and the related surrounding rock mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rods, in particular to a basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod with high modulus, strong shearing strength and a self-detection function.
Background
The basalt fiber composite bar material is a novel non-metal composite material formed by taking basalt fibers as a main material, taking synthetic resin as a bonding and fixing material, and doping a proper amount of curing agent through special process treatment and special surface treatment, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high strength, light weight, fatigue resistance and the like compared with the traditional steel bar, and is widely applied to the fields of bridges, highways and underground structures.
However, as the application engineering expands, the requirements on the anchor rod material gradually increase. The conventional basalt anchor rod has low elastic modulus, poor ductility, low shear strength and unidirectional mechanical property, and the popularization and application of the basalt fiber anchor rod are restricted.
On the other hand, the real-time monitoring of the anchor rod is also the key for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the anchor rod system, and comprises the detection of the stress state and the damage of the anchor rod. The traditional anchor rod monitoring technology mostly depends on mechanical or inductive monitoring means, and the testing methods have the defects of high possibility of being interfered by an electromagnetic field, large testing error, poor durability, poor long-term stability and the like. The novel optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of stable performance, good durability, high sensitivity, full-time monitoring and the like, and is a novel technology for realizing real-time monitoring of the anchor rod.
But the following limitations still exist in the using and popularizing process:
1. at present, most of the optical fiber sensors are arranged in a mode of grooving and sticking on the surface of an anchor rod, the anchor rod needs to be secondarily processed, the anchor rod is damaged, and the protection is not favorable, and the optical fiber sensors are not suitable for large-batch and extensive engineering application;
2. the long-term stability of the adhesive for sticking is poor, the quality of a sticking interface is not guaranteed, and the reliability of monitoring data cannot be ensured;
3. currently, the Brillouin optical time domain reflection technology (BOTDR), the Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology (BOTDA), the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) measurement technology and the like are commonly adopted, but the Brillouin scattering signal has poor signal-to-noise ratio and is easily influenced by the environment, and the precision, the measurement time and the resolution ratio are hardly considered; the traditional FBG adopts single-point packaging, the multiplexing quantity of the sensors is small, the measuring range is small, and multi-point and high-precision linear measurement cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of realizing a basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod with high modulus, strong shear strength and a self-detection function, solving the problems of low elastic modulus, low shear strength, poor ductility, low shear strength and unidirectional mechanical property of the existing basalt fiber anchor rod, improving the strength of the basalt fiber anchor rod, enabling the basalt fiber anchor rod to have long-term monitoring capability and enabling a product to meet the requirements of actual engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a basalt fiber reinforced monomer is arranged in the basalt fiber anchor rod, the basalt fiber reinforced monomer is composed of basalt fiber filaments of an inner layer and a modified layer wrapping the basalt fiber filaments, the basalt fiber filaments are formed by basalt high-temperature melting and extruding-drawing, and the modified layer is formed by mixing superfine chopped steel fibers and basalt fiber filaments in a resin matrix and wrapping the basalt fiber filaments through extrusion thermal control forming.
Nanometer silica particles are attached to the surface of the basalt fiber filament through a coating method, and the mass of all the nanometer silica particles attached to the basalt fiber filament is 2-5% of the mass of the basalt fiber filament.
Two layers of nano-silica particles are attached to the surface of the basalt fiber filament, and the resin base material is epoxy resin or polyethylene resin.
The basalt fiber anchor rod is provided with an axle center area and a reinforcing area wrapped outside the axle center area, the basalt fiber reinforced monomers which are uniformly distributed are fixed by a resin base material polymer filler to form the reinforcing area of a tubular structure, and the basalt fiber reinforced monomers are parallel to each other.
The ultra-weak grating optical fiber is provided with one ultra-weak grating optical fiber, and the axis region is the ultra-weak grating optical fiber.
The ultra-weak gratings are at least two, the ultra-weak gratings are uniformly distributed in the reinforcing area, and the axis area is of a hollow structure.
The ultra-weak grating fiber is characterized in that a weak grating array is inscribed on the ultra-weak grating fiber, an ultra-weak fiber grating sensing unit with the reflectivity lower than 0.1% is arranged in the ultra-weak grating fiber, and the end part of the ultra-weak grating fiber extends out of the basalt fiber anchor rod.
And the ultra-weak grating optical fiber extending out of the basalt fiber anchor rod part is wrapped with a PVC pipe for protection.
The ultra-weak grating optical fiber is externally connected with a directional wireless transmission device, and the directional wireless transmission device transmits the data acquired by the ultra-weak grating optical fiber to an external server.
The anchor rod body is mainly formed by mixing basalt fiber filaments and superfine chopped steel fibers, and on the premise of ensuring the excellent performance of the original basalt fiber, the superfine chopped steel fibers are mixed, so that the elastic modulus (20% -60%) and the shear strength (1.2-1.5 times) of the anchor rod body are effectively improved, the lateral mechanical property of the basalt fiber anchor rod is improved, and the ductility of the basalt fiber anchor rod is properly improved. The addition of the polymer filler in the resin base material of the basalt fiber reinforced composite further improves the performance (including shear strength, bending strength and the like) of the basalt fiber reinforced composite.
The ultra-weak fiber grating sensor and the basalt fiber reinforced monomer are extruded together to form an integral rod body, the deformation is coordinated, the long-term and real-time stable monitoring on the stress state and the damage state of the anchor rod body can be realized, and direct and reliable data support is provided for engineering construction and safe operation.
The basalt fiber reinforcement anchor rod can meet various engineering requirements by virtue of the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, self detection and easiness in processing, can be manufactured in any specification, and can be produced in batch. The selected ultra-weak grating optical fiber technology can ensure that the number of grating optical fiber sensors which can be taken on a single optical fiber can reach thousands, thereby realizing the global monitoring of the anchor rod body and the related surrounding rock mass.
Drawings
The following is a brief description of the contents of each figure and the symbols in the figures in the description of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a basalt fiber reinforced monomer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solid basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of an ultra-weak grating fiber sensor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a monitoring system assembly;
the labels in the above figures are: 1. a basalt fiber reinforced monomer; 2. an ultra-weak grating fiber; 3. a resin base material; 4. ultra-fine chopped steel fibers; 5. a hollow grouting hole; 6. basalt fiber anchor rods; 7. an ultra-weak grating fiber sensor; 101. basalt fiber filaments; 102. ultra-fine chopped steel fibers; 103. nano silica particles.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings is provided to describe the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention, such as the shapes and configurations of the components, the mutual positions and connection relationships of the components, the functions and working principles of the components, the manufacturing processes and the operation and use methods, etc., will be further described in detail to help those skilled in the art to more completely, accurately and deeply understand the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention.
The basalt fiber anchor rod 6 is integrally in a rod-shaped structure, the basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body comprises a basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1, a basalt fiber reinforced composite body and an ultra-weak grating fiber 2, as shown in fig. 1, the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 is formed by carrying out high-temperature melting and pultrusion on basalt to form a basalt fiber filament 101, surface modification treatment is carried out by adding nano silicon dioxide particles 103, then an ultra-fine chopped steel fiber 4 body is added to serve as a reinforcing material, the ultra-fine chopped steel fiber 4 and the basalt fiber filament 101 are soaked in a resin base material 3 together, and then extrusion thermal control molding is carried out to form the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1. In the production process, the superfine chopped steel fibers 4 are uniformly distributed in the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 by controlling the production process.
In the process of manufacturing the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1, the nano-silica particles 103 are attached to the surface of the basalt fiber filament 101 through a coating method to carry out nano-modification, so that the surface roughness of the basalt fiber is enhanced, when the mass fraction of the added nano-silica particles 103 is 2-5% of that of the basalt fiber filament 101, the mechanical property of the basalt fiber composite material is remarkably improved, and the elastic modulus is enhanced by about 15% compared with that of the unmodified basalt fiber.
Polymerizing the prepared basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 through a resin base material 3, wherein the adopted resin base material 3 can be one of epoxy resin or polyethylene resin. Before polymerization, the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 is subjected to surface modification of nano silica coating again, and polymer fillers and 4-fiber ultra-fine chopped steel fibers under different scale combinations are added into the resin base material 3, so that the polymer performance (including shear strength, bending strength and the like) is further enhanced.
The basalt fiber anchor rod 6 is formed by compounding basalt fiber reinforced monomers 1, the basalt fiber reinforced monomers 1 are subjected to surface modification treatment, then, a plurality of basalt fiber reinforced monomers 1 are polymerized through a resin base material 3, and a polymer filler is added into the resin base material 3, so that the polymer performance is further enhanced. And then heating and curing the basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body by an extruding and drawing die, and manufacturing the basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body into basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod bodies with different styles and different sizes according to requirements.
The ultra-weak grating optical fiber sensor 7 automatically engraves a weak grating array in the optical fiber drawing process, so that the loss of the traditional grating in fusion splicing is avoided. The single ultra-weak optical fiber comprises a plurality of ultra-weak optical fiber grating sensing units with the reflectivity lower than 0.1%. The ultra-weak grating optical fiber sensor 7 is mixed with the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 and then organically consolidated into a whole in the process of preparing the basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body according to different monitoring requirements. And a section of optical fiber is reserved at the end part of the basalt fiber reinforcement anchor rod and is used for subsequent detection. The ultra-weak grating optical fiber sensor 7 is externally connected with a directional wireless transmission device, monitoring data can be transmitted to an external server in real time, directionally and remotely, collected data can be collected, set, analyzed and displayed through the server, and can be uploaded to a cloud processing platform to realize multi-site remote monitoring, so that large-scale and networked monitoring can be formed.
The composition materials are adopted to prepare two basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod bodies: the first is a solid basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod, and the second is a hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod.
The solid basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod is characterized in that a single ultra-weak fiber grating and a plurality of basalt fiber reinforced monomers 1 are mixed, and the production process is controlled, so that ultra-weak grating light is arranged in the center of the solid basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body after the anchor rod body is formed.
The hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod is characterized in that two or more ultra-weak light gratings are mixed with the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1, a through hole is formed in the center of an anchor rod body, a modified basalt fiber protective layer is arranged on the periphery of the through hole, and ultra-weak grating light is symmetrically distributed in the hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body.
For the solid basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod, in the polymerization process of the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 and the resin base material 3, an ultra-weak grating fiber 2 is mixed, the ultra-weak grating fiber 2, the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 and the resin base material 3 are heated, cured and formed into a whole through a pultrusion die through process control, and the ultra-weak grating fiber 2 is located in the center of the finished basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod. And a section of ultra-weak grating optical fiber 2 is reserved outside the end part of the anchor rod and used for subsequent monitoring wiring, and the exposed ultra-weak grating optical fiber 2 is protected by a PVC pipe.
For the hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod, a special hollow anchor rod die is selected, a modified basalt fiber protective layer is arranged in the middle of the die, the arrangement of the protective layer is convenient for anchor rod production, the corrosion resistance and the mechanical stability of a middle hole of the hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod can be enhanced, and the situations of hole blocking and hole collapse in later grouting construction are prevented. The ultra-weak grating fibers 2 are symmetrically distributed in the hollow basalt fiber reinforced anchor rod body, 2 or a plurality of ultra-weak grating fibers 2 can be arranged as required to carry out overall monitoring on the anchor rod, and 2 are taken as an example in the embodiment. 2 pieces of ultra-weak grating optical fibers 2, the basalt fiber reinforced monomer 1 and the resin base material 3 are heated, cured and molded through a special extruding and drawing die.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a basalt fiber stock, has arranged basalt fiber reinforcing monomer in the stock, its characterized in that: the basalt fiber reinforced monomer is composed of an inner layer of basalt fiber filament and a modified layer wrapping the basalt fiber filament, the basalt fiber filament is formed by high-temperature melting, extruding and drawing of basalt, and the modified layer is formed by wrapping the basalt fiber filament with superfine chopped steel fibers and the basalt fiber filament which are mixed in a resin matrix through extrusion thermal control molding.
2. The basalt fiber bolt of claim 1, wherein: nanometer silica particles are attached to the surface of the basalt fiber filament through a coating method, and the mass of all the nanometer silica particles attached to the basalt fiber filament is 2-5% of the mass of the basalt fiber filament.
3. A basalt fiber bolt according to claim 2, wherein: nanometer silicon dioxide particles are attached to the surfaces of the basalt fiber filaments, and the resin base material is epoxy resin or polyethylene resin.
4. A basalt fibre lay bolt according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the basalt fiber anchor rod is provided with an axis region and a reinforcing region wrapped outside the axis region, the basalt fiber reinforced monomers which are uniformly distributed are fixed by a resin base material polymer filler to form the reinforcing region of a tubular structure, and the basalt fiber reinforced monomers are parallel to each other.
5. A basalt fiber anchor rod according to claim 4, wherein: the ultra-weak grating optical fiber is provided with one ultra-weak grating optical fiber, and the axis area is the ultra-weak grating optical fiber.
6. The basalt fiber bolt of claim 5, wherein: the ultra-weak gratings are at least two, the ultra-weak gratings are uniformly distributed in the reinforcing area, and the axis area is of a hollow structure.
7. A basalt fibre lay bolt according to claim 2, 3, 5 or 6, wherein: the ultra-weak grating fiber is characterized in that a weak grating array is inscribed on the ultra-weak grating fiber, an ultra-weak fiber grating sensing unit with the reflectivity lower than 0.1% is arranged in the ultra-weak grating fiber, and the end part of the ultra-weak grating fiber extends out of the basalt fiber anchor rod.
8. A basalt fiber anchor rod according to claim 7, wherein: the ultra-weak grating optical fiber extends out of the basalt fiber anchor rod part and is wrapped with a PVC pipe for protection.
9. The basalt fiber bolt of claim 8, wherein: the ultra-weak grating optical fiber is externally connected with a directional wireless transmission device, and the directional wireless transmission device transmits the data acquired by the ultra-weak grating optical fiber to an external server.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310062683.2A CN115875060A (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Basalt fiber anchor rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310062683.2A CN115875060A (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Basalt fiber anchor rod |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115875060A true CN115875060A (en) | 2023-03-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310062683.2A Pending CN115875060A (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Basalt fiber anchor rod |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115875060A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-01-17 CN CN202310062683.2A patent/CN115875060A/en active Pending
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