CN115874939A - Jet type pulse generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a jet type pulse generator, comprising: a housing configured in a cylindrical shape; a coanda jet element disposed within the housing; the shunting hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the lower end of the coanda jet element and is constructed to comprise a main cavity, a first flow channel and a second flow channel which are respectively communicated with the main cavity; an impact assembly disposed within the main cavity, the impact assembly dividing the main cavity into an upper fluid chamber and a lower fluid chamber, the first flow channel and the second flow channel being in communication with the upper fluid chamber and the lower fluid chamber, respectively; the impact base is fixed at the lower end of the shunting hydraulic cylinder; the liquid flowing through the coanda jet element can sequentially and alternately enter the first flow channel and the second flow channel so as to drive the impact assembly to reciprocate along the main cavity, thereby generating pulse pressure and enabling the impact assembly to impact the impact base.

Description

Jet type pulse generator

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum engineering drilling, and particularly relates to a jet type pulse generator.

Background

In the drilling of large displacement wells and horizontal wells, because the inclination angle is large, most of the dead weight of a drill string at the inclined well section of the large well presses against the well wall, so that the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, the dragging pressure and the torque are increased, and the bit pressure transmitted to a drill bit is discontinuous or limited. Along with the increase of the number of extended displacement wells and the continuous extension of horizontal displacement, the problems that the friction resistance is increased, the dragging pressure is increased, the drilling pressure cannot be effectively transmitted and the like are faced in the drilling process, so that the mechanical drilling speed of a drilling tool is reduced, the horizontal extension capability is reduced, and even the designed well depth cannot be reached. In the drilling construction process, the pipe column is difficult to feed only depending on the weight of a drilling tool at the straight well section, the tool surface is difficult to control, the length of the drilled horizontal section is limited, and the construction operation efficiency is low.

In the prior art, a pressure pulse generating tool and a matched axial vibration generating tool are usually introduced into a downhole tubular column to form an oscillator, and the flow area of fluid is periodically changed to generate pressure pulses, and the pressure pulses act on the matched axial vibration generating tool to drive a drilling tool to axially creep, so that the friction coefficient between the tubular column and a well wall during sliding drilling is reduced, the friction resistance of the tubular column is reduced, the supporting pressure phenomenon of the drill column is eliminated, the transmission effect of the drilling pressure is improved, and the directional drilling efficiency is improved.

The hydraulic oscillator is a special tool for friction reduction and drag reduction, and generally comprises a pulse generator and a vibration generator. At present, a common pulse generator generally utilizes a screw and a turbine to drive an eccentric valve disc group to generate hydraulic pulse, and the valve disc of the pulse generator based on the action principle is easy to erode, damage and lose efficacy, so that the friction reduction and resistance prevention and pressure supporting effects in the later use period of the tool are seriously affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a jet type pulse generator, which can generate pulse pressure and can cause a drill string to axially creep, thereby converting static friction into dynamic friction, being very beneficial to reducing friction between a well wall and a drill rod during sliding drilling and rotary drilling, and being capable of significantly improving the mechanical drilling speed and the horizontal well extension capacity.

To this end, according to the invention, a fluidic impulse generator is provided, comprising: a housing configured in a cylindrical shape; a coanda jet element disposed within the housing; the shunting hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the lower end of the coanda jet element and is constructed to comprise a main cavity, a first flow channel and a second flow channel which are respectively communicated with the main cavity; the impact assembly is arranged in the main cavity and divides the main cavity into an upper liquid cavity and a lower liquid cavity, and the first flow passage and the second flow passage are respectively communicated with the upper liquid cavity and the lower liquid cavity; the impact base is fixed at the lower end of the flow dividing hydraulic cylinder; the liquid flowing through the coanda jet element can sequentially and alternately enter the first flow channel and the second flow channel so as to drive the impact assembly to reciprocate along the main cavity, thereby generating pulse pressure and enabling the impact assembly to impact the impact base.

In one embodiment, the inlet ends of the first flow passage and the second flow passage are disposed on the same axial end surface of the hydraulic cylinder and are respectively communicated with the first liquid outlet and the second liquid outlet of the coanda jet element.

In one embodiment, the first flow passage is configured to extend axially into communication with the upper space of the main chamber.

In one embodiment, the second flow passage extends axially into communication with the lower space of the main chamber,

the second flow passage is configured to include an inclined passage and a linear passage communicating with the inclined passage, and the linear passage is formed in a side wall of the hydraulic cylinder.

In one embodiment, the impact assembly comprises an impact rod and a piston fixedly sleeved on the impact rod, the piston forms a sliding seal with the side wall of the main cavity, and the piston can drive the impact rod to reciprocate under the action of liquid pressure.

In one embodiment, a flow guiding cap is arranged at the upper end of the coanda jet element, and the flow guiding cap is used for guiding liquid to the liquid inlet of the coanda jet element.

In one embodiment, the two ends of the outer shell are respectively provided with an upper joint and a lower joint, the upper joint is used for connecting an upper pipe column, and the lower joint is used for connecting a lower drilling tool.

In one embodiment, a gasket is installed between the lower end surface of the upper joint and the upper end surface of the deflector cap.

In one embodiment, an adjusting sleeve is installed between the lower joint and the impact base, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the adjusting sleeve respectively abut against the lower end surface of the impact base and the upper end surface of the lower joint.

In one embodiment, the impact base is configured to include a cylindrical body portion and an annular protrusion formed on an outer circumferential surface of the body portion,

the body part is inserted into the main cavity and sealed, the upper end face and the lower end face of the annular bulge are respectively abutted against the lower end face of the shunting hydraulic cylinder and the upper end face of the adjusting sleeve, and the impact base can transmit impact force generated by the impact assembly to the upper pipe column and the lower drilling tool.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that:

the jet type pulse generator can generate pulse pressure and can enable a drill stem to generate axial creeping, so that static friction is converted into dynamic friction, friction between a well wall and the drill stem during sliding drilling and rotary drilling is reduced, the bit pressure transmission is improved remarkably, the directional efficiency is improved, the mechanical drilling speed and the horizontal well extending capacity can be improved remarkably, and the drilling efficiency and the drilling operation effect are improved greatly. Compared with the common pulse generator which utilizes a screw and a turbine to drive an eccentric valve disk group to generate hydraulic pressure pulses, the jet pulse generator can obviously improve the generated pulse pressure and has good erosion resistance.

Drawings

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows the structure of a jet type pulse generator according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows a state in which the impact assembly in the jet type pulse generator shown in fig. 1 is moved upward to the highest point of stroke.

In the present application, the drawings are schematic, merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and are not drawn to scale.

Detailed Description

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In this application it is to be noted that the end of the jet pulser according to the invention lowered into the wellbore near the wellhead is defined as the upper end or similar, while the end remote from the wellhead is defined as the lower end or similar. In addition, the directional terms or qualifiers "upper" and "lower" used in the present application refer to fig. 1 as a reference. They are not intended to limit the absolute positions of the parts involved, but may vary from case to case.

Fig. 1 shows the structure of a jet type pulse generator 100 according to the present invention. In practice, the jet pulser 100 is connected in a drilling string, and the jet pulser 100 is connected at its upper end to a vibration generating tool (not shown) through the string and at its lower end to a drill pipe or lower drilling tool (not shown).

As shown in fig. 1, the jet type pulser 100 includes a housing 1 configured in a cylindrical shape, a coanda jet element 2 mounted inside the housing 1, a flow dividing hydraulic cylinder 3, an impact assembly 4 provided inside the flow dividing hydraulic cylinder 3, and an impact base 5 fixed to the lower end of the flow hydraulic cylinder 3. In operation, the liquid flowing through the coanda jet element 2 of the jet pulser 100 can drive the impact assembly 4 to reciprocate, thereby generating a pulse pressure and causing the impact assembly 4 to impact the impact base 5 for delivery to a drill string or other drilling tool connected to the jet pulser 100. Therefore, the jet flow type pulse generator 100 can enable the drill string to axially creep, so that static friction is converted into dynamic friction, friction between the well wall and the drill rod during sliding drilling and rotary drilling is greatly reduced, the mechanical drilling speed and the horizontal well extending capacity can be remarkably improved, and the drilling efficiency and the drilling operation effect are greatly improved. In addition, the pulse generated by the jet type pulse generator 100 can act on a vibration generating tool connected to the upper end of the jet type pulse generator 100, so as to drive the vibration generating tool to generate vibration, and further reduce friction and drag.

As shown in fig. 1, an upper joint 6 and a lower joint 7 are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the housing 1, respectively, the upper joint 6 is used for connecting an upper pipe column, and the lower joint 7 is used for connecting a lower drilling tool. In one embodiment, the upper joint 6 and the lower joint 7 are fixedly connected with the shell 1 through a threaded connection mode.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the two ends of the housing 1 are respectively configured as a negative taper connecting buckle, the lower end of the upper joint 6 is configured as a positive taper connecting buckle, and the upper joint 6 and the upper end of the housing 1 are fixedly connected by the positive taper connecting buckle and the negative taper connecting buckle in a matching manner. The upper end of the upper joint 6 is matched with the upper pipe column through a negative conical connecting buckle to form fixed connection. Likewise, the two ends of the lower joint 7 are configured into a positive conical connecting buckle, and the lower joint 7 and the lower end of the shell 1 are fixedly connected through the positive conical connecting buckle and the negative conical connecting buckle in a matching mode. The lower end of the lower joint 7 is matched with a lower drilling tool through a right-cone-shaped connecting buckle to form fixed connection. The connection structure of the upper joint 6 and the lower joint 7 is very favorable for ensuring the connection stability between the shell 1 and an upper pipe column and a lower drilling tool, and is convenient and quick to install.

In the present embodiment, the lower end of the upper joint 6 is inserted into the housing 1 so that the lower end surface of the upper joint 6 forms a first step with the end surface facing downward at an inner wall position of the housing 1 near the upper end. Likewise, the upper end of the lower joint 7 is inserted into the housing 1 so that the upper end face of the lower joint 7 forms a second step facing upward at an inner wall position of the housing 1 near the lower end. The functional role of the first step and the second step will be described below.

As shown in fig. 1, a flow guiding cap 20 is disposed at an upper end of the coanda jet element 2, and the flow guiding cap 20 is used for guiding the liquid to a liquid inlet 21 of the coanda jet element 2. The inside of water conservancy diversion cap 20 is equipped with the shoulder hole, and the major diameter end of shoulder hole up and with top connection 6 intercommunication, the minor diameter end of shoulder hole down and with the inlet 21 intercommunication of attaching wall fluidic element 2. The upper and lower end faces of deflector cap 20 abut against the first step and the upper end face of coanda jet element 2, respectively, so as to form axial confinement. This configuration of deflector cap 20 is highly advantageous in deflecting liquid from the upper pipe string into the coanda jet element 2.

In one embodiment, a gasket 8 may be installed between the lower end surface (first step) of the upper joint 6 and the upper end surface of the deflector cap 20. The spacer 8 can be used as an adjustment member at the time of installation, facilitating the installation. At the same time, the gasket 8 is also advantageous in ensuring the sealability between the upper joint 6 and the housing 1.

According to the invention, the shunting hydraulic cylinder 3 is arranged at the lower end of the coanda jet element 2, and the upper end surface of the shunting hydraulic cylinder 3 is tightly attached to the lower end surface of the coanda jet element 2.

As shown in fig. 1, the hydraulic cylinder 3 is configured in a cylindrical shape, and a main chamber 31, a first flow passage 32, and a second flow passage 33 are provided inside the hydraulic cylinder 3, and the first flow passage 32 and the second flow passage 33 communicate with the main chamber 3, respectively. The inlet ends of the first flow passage 32 and the second flow passage 33 are provided on the same axial end face (upper end face in fig. 1) of the splitter cylinder 3, and the inlet end of the first flow passage 32 communicates with the first liquid outlet 22 of the coanda jet element 2. The inlet end of the second flow passage 33 communicates with the second outlet port 23 of the coanda jet element 2. Preferably, the inlet ends of the first flow passage 32 and the second flow passage 33 may be disposed to be oppositely distributed in the radial direction.

The first flow passage 32 is configured to extend axially to communicate with the upper space of the main chamber 31.

The second flow passage 33 extends in the axial direction to communicate with the lower space of the main chamber 31. The second flow passage 33 is configured to include an inclined passage 331 and a straight passage 332 communicating with the inclined passage 331, and the straight passage 332 is formed in the side wall of the split hydraulic cylinder 3.

According to the invention, the impact assembly 4 is arranged inside the main chamber 31 of the splitter cylinder 3 and divides the main chamber 31 into an upper liquid chamber 311 and a lower liquid chamber 312. The first flow passage 32 communicates with the upper liquid chamber 311, and the second flow passage 33 communicates with the lower liquid chamber 312. Liquid from the upper drill string flows through the coanda jet element 2 and under the action of the coanda jet element 2 alternately enters the first flow passage 32 and the second flow passage 33 and further alternately the upper fluid chamber 311 and the lower fluid chamber 312, thereby causing the impact assembly 4 to reciprocate under the action of liquid pressure.

According to the invention, the striking assembly 4 comprises a striking rod 41 and a piston 42 fixedly sleeved on the striking rod 41, the piston 42 forming a sliding seal with the side wall of the main cavity 31. The axial length of the striking rod 41 is set smaller than the axial length of the main chamber 31. Thus, the upper fluid chamber 311 is formed above the upper end surface of the piston 42, and the lower fluid chamber 312 is formed below the piston 42. When the liquid enters the upper liquid chamber 311 through the first flow passage 32, the liquid pressure acts on the upper end surface of the piston 42 to push the piston 42 to move downward. When the liquid enters the lower liquid chamber 312 through the second flow passage 33, the liquid pressure acts on the lower end surface of the piston 42 to push the piston 42 to move upward. Therefore, the piston 42 can drive the impact rod 41 to reciprocate under the action of the liquid pressure, so that pulse pressure is generated, and the impact assembly 4 impacts the impact base 5. The impact foot 5 is capable of transferring impact forces generated by the impact assembly 4 to a drill string and other drilling tools connected to the jet pulser 100.

According to the invention, the impact stroke of the impact assembly 4 depends on the range of axial movement of the impact assembly 4 within the main chamber 31, the impact stroke of the impact assembly 4 being the axial length of the main chamber 31 minus the axial length of the impact rod 41. The pulse amplitude and the pulse frequency generated by the jet pulse generator 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the impact stroke of the impact assembly 4. This stroke of the impact assembly 4 can produce pulses of small amplitude and high frequency.

As shown in fig. 1, an impact foot 5 is fixed to the lower end of the hydraulic flow cylinder 3. An adjusting sleeve 9 is installed between the lower joint 7 and the impact base 5, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the adjusting sleeve 9 respectively abut against the lower end surface of the impact base 5 and the upper end surface (second step) of the lower joint 7. The adjusting sleeve 9 can form a limit support for the impact base 5, so that the impact base 5 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 3. Meanwhile, the adjusting sleeve 9 is used as an adjusting piece during installation, and installation is convenient.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the impact base 5 is configured to include a cylindrical body portion 51 and an annular protrusion 52 formed on an outer circumferential surface of the body portion 51. The lower end of the flow cylinder 3 is configured as an opening. The body portion 51 of the impact base 5 is inserted from the lower end opening of the flow cylinder 3 and forms a seal with the flow cylinder 3, whereby the main chamber 31 is formed between the flow cylinder 3 and the impact base 5. The upper and lower end surfaces of the annular protrusion 52 of the impact base 5 abut against the lower end surface of the flow dividing hydraulic cylinder 3 and the upper end surface of the adjusting sleeve 9, respectively, so that the impact base 5 is fixedly installed between the flow dividing hydraulic cylinder 3 and the adjusting sleeve 9. The impact base 5 is capable of transmitting the impact force generated by the impact assembly 4 to the upper string and lower string connected to the jet pulser 100 sequentially through the annular protrusion 52, the adjustment sleeve 9, and the lower coupling 7.

The operation of the jet pulse generator 100 according to the present invention is briefly described below. In the actual working process, liquid from an upper drill string flows through the coanda jet element 2, the liquid alternately enters the first flow channel 32 and the second flow channel 33 under the action of the coanda jet element 2 and further alternately enters the upper liquid cavity 311 and the lower liquid cavity 312, and liquid pressure generated by the liquid entering the upper liquid cavity 311 and the lower liquid cavity 312 respectively acts on the upper end face and the lower end face of the piston 42, so that the piston 42 is pushed under the action of the liquid pressure to drive the impact assembly 4 to reciprocate. Fig. 1 and 2 show the reciprocating motion of the impact assembly 4, fig. 1 shows the impact assembly 4 in a state of ascending to a high point, and fig. 2 shows the impact assembly 4 in a state of descending to a state where an impact is applied to the impact base 5. The impact assembly 4 reciprocates to periodically impact the impact base 5, thereby generating a pulse pressure. Meanwhile, the impact component 4 impacts the impact base 5 and can sequentially pass through the impact base 5, the adjusting sleeve 9 and the lower joint 7 to be transmitted to a drill string and other drilling tools connected with the jet type pulse generator 100, so that the drill string generates axial creep, static friction is converted into dynamic friction, and friction reduction and drag reduction are achieved. In addition, the pulse generated by the jet pulse generator 100 can act on the vibration generating tool connected to the upper end of the jet pulse generator 100 to drive the vibration generating tool to generate vibration, thereby further reducing friction and drag.

The jet-type pulse generator 100 can generate pulse pressure and can enable a drill stem to generate axial creeping, so that static friction is converted into dynamic friction, friction between a well wall and the drill stem during sliding drilling and rotary drilling is reduced, bit pressure transmission is improved remarkably, directional efficiency is improved, mechanical drilling speed and horizontal well extending capacity can be improved remarkably, and drilling efficiency and drilling operation effects are improved greatly. Compared with the common pulse generator which utilizes a screw and a turbine to drive an eccentric valve disk group to generate hydraulic pressure pulses, the jet pulse generator 100 can remarkably improve the pulse pressure generated by the jet pulse generator and has good erosion resistance.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing examples, or that equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fluidic pulser, comprising:

a cylindrical housing (1);

a coanda jet element (2) disposed within the housing;

a flow-splitting hydraulic cylinder (3) mounted at the lower end of the coanda jet element, the flow-splitting hydraulic cylinder being configured to comprise a main chamber (31), a first flow channel (32) and a second flow channel (33) communicating with the main chamber, respectively;

an impact assembly (4) disposed within the main cavity, the impact assembly dividing the main cavity into an upper fluid chamber (311) and a lower fluid chamber (312), the first and second flow passages communicating with the upper and lower fluid chambers, respectively; and

an impact base (5) fixed at the lower end of the shunting hydraulic cylinder;

the liquid flowing through the coanda jet element can sequentially and alternately enter the first flow channel and the second flow channel so as to drive the impact assembly to reciprocate along the main cavity, thereby generating pulse pressure and enabling the impact assembly to impact the impact base.

2. The jet-type pulser according to claim 1, wherein the inlet ends of said first and second flow passages are disposed on the same axial end face of said splitter cylinder and are respectively communicated with the first and second liquid outlets (22, 23) of said coanda jet element.

3. The fluidic pulser of claim 2, wherein the first flow passage is configured to extend axially into communication with the upper space of the main chamber.

4. The fluidic pulser of claim 2 or 3, wherein the second flow passage extends axially into communication with the lower space of the main chamber,

the second flow passage is configured to include an inclined passage (331) and a linear passage (332) communicating with the inclined passage, and the linear passage is formed in a side wall of the hydraulic cylinder.

5. The fluidic pulser of any of claims 1-3, wherein said impact assembly comprises an impact rod (41) and a piston (42) fixedly attached to said impact rod, said piston forming a sliding seal with a side wall of said main chamber, said piston being capable of reciprocating said impact rod under fluid pressure.

6. The jet-type pulse generator according to claim 1, wherein a flow guiding cap (20) is provided at an upper end of the coanda jet element, the flow guiding cap being configured to guide liquid to a liquid inlet (21) of the coanda jet element.

7. The jet pulser according to claim 6, wherein said housing is provided at both ends with an upper joint (6) for connecting an upper string and a lower joint (7) for connecting a lower drill.

8. The fluidic pulser according to claim 7, characterized in that a gasket (8) is installed between the lower end face of the upper joint and the upper end face of the deflector cap.

9. The fluidic pulser according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that an adjusting sleeve (9) is installed between the lower joint and the impact base, and upper and lower end faces of the adjusting sleeve respectively abut against the lower end face of the impact base and the upper end face of the lower joint.

10. The fluidic pulser according to claim 9, wherein said impact base is configured to include a cylindrical body portion (51) and an annular projection (52) formed on an outer peripheral surface of said body portion,

the body part is inserted into the main cavity and sealed, the upper end face and the lower end face of the annular bulge are respectively abutted against the lower end face of the shunting hydraulic cylinder and the upper end face of the adjusting sleeve, and the impact base can transmit impact force generated by the impact assembly to the upper pipe column and the lower drilling tool.

Images