CN115873607A - Soil passivation repairing material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil passivation repairing material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil passivation repair material, a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, clay mineral montmorillonite with low cost is used as a matrix, and a one-step mechanical force chemical grafting method is adopted to load sulfydryl with high-efficiency affinity to mercury, so that sulfydryl functionalized montmorillonite is prepared and used as a passivation repair material for soil. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple synthesis process, high grafting ratio of functional groups, less generated chemical waste and the like, and can be used for preparing the soil passivation repair material in batches. The repair material prepared by the preparation method can effectively prevent and control the absorption and accumulation of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury in soil by the rice seeds, basically does not influence the pH value and the effective sulfur content of the soil, has stable performance and is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a soil passivation repair material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In order to reduce the total mercury and methyl mercury content in rice and realize safe production of mercury-polluted soil, passivation materials are often applied in the soil, and the traditional passivation materials comprise biochar, modified biochar, clay minerals, nano materials and the like, but the materials have some defects in soil remediation practices, firstly, the preparation cost of the passivation materials is high, the dispersibility in soil colloid is poor, and even the passivation materials can become novel nano pollutants such as nano materials; secondly, the consumption of the passivation material is large, and large-area popularization and application are difficult.
Si-OH and Si-O exist on the surface of natural montmorillonite, the hydrogen type montmorillonite is obtained by activating the montmorillonite by HCl in the literature, then 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and montmorillonite are subjected to interlayer-OH condensation through refluxing, and finally-SH is successfully grafted on the interlayer surface of the montmorillonite through NaSH reduction, so that high-efficiency Hg is obtained 2+ Adsorbent material (MERCIER and DETELIER, 1995).
And the like prepares the mercapto-modified montmorillonite by using a 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane covalent grafting method after acid activation, the mercapto grafting rate reaches 1.72mmol/g, and the adsorption capacity to heavy metal ions such as mercury can be obviously improved. However, the mercapto-modified montmorillonite obtained by the method has the defects of easy dissolution of modified materials, small mercapto-loading capacity, soil acidification and the like, and has low preparation efficiency, long time consumption, more generated chemical waste liquid, unsuitability for batch synthesis and low practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the background art, the present invention provides a soil passivation repair material, a preparation method and uses thereof.
In a first aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing a soil passivation repair material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing montmorillonite and a certain proportion of sulfhydryl compound, placing the montmorillonite and the sulfhydryl compound in an agate jar, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and agate balls, and carrying out high-energy ball milling; s2: carrying out vacuum filtration on the ball-milled product, washing with ethanol and deionized water, and collecting a filter cake; s3: and drying the filter cake and grinding to obtain the soil passivation repair material.
Wherein the mercapto compound is selected from at least one of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS), dimercaptopropanol (BAL), thioglycolic acid (TGA), 2-mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride (MEA), and cysteine (Cys). Preferably, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is specifically used as the mercapto compound in step S1.
In the high-energy ball milling process of the step S1, due to the action of mechanical force, the size of the montmorillonite is reduced, the silicon-oxygen bond damage of the structural surface is increased, the surface reaction activity is increased, and the reaction activation energy for forming the covalent bond is reduced, so that the mercapto compound is favorably combined with the surface of the montmorillonite to form the mercapto-functionalized montmorillonite.
Montmorillonite and mercapto compound are ball milled in proper proportion. By way of example, the mass to volume ratio of montmorillonite to mercapto compound is 1: 0.5-1.5, namely 0.5-1.5 ml of sulfhydryl compound is corresponding to every 1g of montmorillonite.
Specifically, the ball-to-material ratio of the high-energy ball milling in the step S1 is 20-100: 1, running for 4-12h at the speed of 200-500 rpm. In order to achieve good ball milling effect, the ball milling direction can be periodically changed in the ball milling process, for example, the direction is reversed every 2 to 4 hours.
Specifically, the drying in the step S3 is carried out at room temperature, and the ground and 100-mesh sieve is sieved after the drying to obtain the soil passivation repair material.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a soil passivation repair material, which is prepared by the preparation method. Specifically, the soil passivation repair material provided by the invention is a sulfydryl functionalized montmorillonite material, and particularly preferably, the sulfydryl functionalized montmorillonite material is prepared by using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane as a sulfydryl compound.
In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the soil passivation repair material, the soil passivation repair material is applied to the soil according to the weight ratio of 0.1-0.5%, the soil passivation repair material is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, and the soil is irrigated by flooding water, so that the soil can be effectively repaired, and then rice seedlings and other crops can be transplanted normally.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the mercapto functional grafting of the montmorillonite is realized by a mechanical force one-step grafting method, the synthesis process is simple, the grafting rate of functional groups is high, the generated chemical waste is less, the mass preparation can be realized, and the method is suitable for large-scale application;
2. the prepared repairing material is not subjected to acid activation, does not cause soil acidification, does not have the risk of dissolving out a modifier, and is stable in performance and environment-friendly;
3. the prepared repairing material has a good repairing effect on soil, can obviously reduce the content of effective mercury and methyl mercury in the soil, can effectively reduce total mercury and methyl mercury by applying 0.1 percent, and can also obviously increase the activity of urease, sucrase and arylsulfatase in the soil, thereby showing that the environmental quality of the soil is improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 shows scanning electron micrographs of pristine and mercapto-functionalized smectites;
FIG. 2 shows Na treatment of soil 2 S 2 O 3 And the effect of HCl leachable Hg content and its passivation efficiency;
FIG. 3 shows the effect on soil MeHg content and its proportion in soil THg;
FIG. 4 shows the effect on the THg and MeHg content of rice;
figure 5 shows the effect on the activity of enzymes in soil.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
3g of montmorillonite was weighed into an agate jar, 3.6ml of 3-MPTS was added dropwise (mass to Mt ratio 100), then 3.6ml of absolute ethanol was added dropwise in a mass to volume ratio of 1.2, and 120ml of absolute ethanol was added in a mass to volume ratio of 1. And after the ball milling is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration on the mixture, washing the mixture by using ethanol and deionized water to remove residual 3-MPTS, collecting a filter cake, airing the filter cake at room temperature, grinding the filter cake by using a 100-mesh nylon screen for later use, and naming the obtained soil passivation repair material sample as BSH-Mt.
Comparative example 1
5g of montmorillonite was weighed into a conical flask and treated with 50mL of MEA solution to prepare a suspension (MEA concentration by mass 1.0CEC, weighed mass of montmorillonite X115 cmol (+) kg) -1 Meter), shaking at the speed of 200rpm for 24h at room temperature, vacuum-filtering, washing with deionized water for 3-4 times, collecting filter cakes, vacuum freeze-drying at-60 ℃ (SCIENTZ-18N, china), grinding through a 100-mesh nylon mesh screen for later use, and obtaining a soil passivation repair material sample named as ISH-Mt.
Comparative example 2
5g of montmorillonite was weighed in a glass petri dish, activated with 12.5mL of sulfuric acid (18%) at 95 ℃ for 4 hours, followed by multiple washes with deionized water, pH adjusted to about 7, and dried at 105 ℃ to give acid-activated montmorillonite. Placing the acidified montmorillonite into a beaker, adding absolute ethanol (mass to volume ratio to Mt is 1.
Evaluation of Performance
Scanning electron microscopy of pristine montmorillonite (Mt) and mercapto-functionalized montmorillonite prepared by the above examples and comparative examples is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the mercapto-functionalized montmorillonite (BSH-Mt) obtained by the method of the present invention has a more uniform and rough surface morphology and a larger specific surface area, and is more favorable for the adsorption of heavy metal mercury in soil, compared to the pristine montmorillonite (Mt) and the mercapto-functionalized montmorillonite (ISH-Mt, GSH-Mt) obtained by the comparative examples 1 and 2.
ISH-Mt is successfully prepared by replacing interlayer hydrated cations with MEA cations to generate ion exchange to enter mineral interlayers, and the MEA intercalation causes interlayer spacing to be reduced, so that the influence on a mineral crystal structure, inorganic Si atomic structure characteristics and surface functional groups is small; GSH-Mt is successfully prepared by forming a covalent bond between 3-MPTS and structure-OH on the outer surface of the acidified montmorillonite, the influence on the interlayer distance is small, a grafting reaction occurs on the outer surface, the resonance signal of inorganic Si atoms Q4[ Si (OSi) 4] of silicate minerals is obviously enhanced, and the vibration of the structure-OH is weakened along with the reduction of the vibration of the structure-OH, which indicates that the Si atoms of 3-MPTS and the structure-OH of the minerals are bonded to form a new Si atom structure; BSH-Mt grafts 3-MPTS on the structure-OH and Si-O broken bonds of the external surface of montmorillonite by mechanical force generated by ball milling, the structure-OH vibration is weakened, the resonance signal of inorganic Si atoms Q4 is enhanced, and the interlayer distance is not obviously increased.
The mercapto-functionalized montmorillonite prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 was applied to mercury-contaminated paddy soil collected in cupren city, guizhou province for rice potting test: the contaminated soil was collected from a cultivated layer of a rice field (109-14 'E, 27-30' N) in the mountainous area of Torreya, guizhou province, and stones, plant roots and other impurities in the soil were removed, air-dried at room temperature, and then screened through a 10-mesh nylon screen to thoroughly homogenize the soil for later use. Through measurement, the THg content of the soil is 5.60 +/-0.11 mg/kg, the pH value is 6.04, the cation exchange capacity is 12.13cmol (+)/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.42g/kg, the total phosphorus is 1.00g/kg, the total potassium is 16.67g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 29.00mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.05mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 78.93mg/kg, and the organic matter is 35.15g/kg. The additive amount of the original montmorillonite, ISH-Mt, GSH-Mt and BSH-Mt is 0.1%,0.5% and 1% (weight ratio). After harvesting of rice, a control group (CK) to which no montmorillonite was added and soil samples under each passivation treatment were collected for analysis and measurement.
TABLE 1 influence of passivation treatment on the physicochemical Properties of the soil
From the test results in table 1, it can be seen that ISH-Mt and GSH-Mt applications result in a significant reduction in soil pH, and possibly soil acidification, compared to BSH-Mt, and that ISH-Mt applications significantly increase the soil available sulfur content, with the risk of leaching of the 3-MPTS modifier. In contrast, BSH-Mt treatment does not substantially affect soil pH and available sulfur content, and is a stable and environmentally benign passivation material.
FIGS. 2-3 vs. Na of soil 2 S 2 O 3 And the effect of the amount of leached Hg in HCl, the amount of MeHg, and the proportion of THg in soil. It can be seen that the soil after BSH-Mt passivation had the lowest Na content 2 S 2 O 3 And HCl can be leached to form Hg, so that the content of methyl mercury in soil and the proportion of the methyl mercury in total mercury are also obviously reduced, and the passivation effect of the mercury is obviously better than that of ISH-Mt and GSH-Mt.
FIG. 4 shows the measurement of THg and MeHg contents of rice, and FIG. 5 shows the measurement of activities of soil urease (A), sucrase (B) and arylsulfatase (C). The measurement result shows that the BSH-Mt can more effectively prevent and control the accumulation and enrichment of THg and MeHg in rice, reduce the Hg exposure risk, and the BSH-Mt treatment obviously increases the activities of soil urease, sucrase and arylsulfatase, which indicates that the soil environment quality is improved to a certain extent.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements over the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the soil passivation repair material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: weighing montmorillonite and sulfhydryl compound, placing in an agate jar, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and agate balls, and carrying out high-energy ball milling;
s2: carrying out vacuum filtration on the ball-milled product, washing with ethanol and deionized water, and collecting a filter cake;
s3: and drying the filter cake and grinding to obtain the soil passivation repair material.
2. The method for preparing a soil passivation repair material according to claim 1, wherein the mercapto compound is selected from at least one of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, dimercaprol, thioglycolic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride, and cysteine.
3. The method for preparing a soil passivation repair material according to claim 1, wherein the mass volume ratio of montmorillonite to mercapto compound is 1:0.5 to 1.5.
4. The preparation method of the soil passivation repair material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ball-to-material ratio of the high energy ball mill is 20-100: 1, running for 4-12h at the speed of 200-500 rpm, and periodically changing the ball milling direction.
5. The method for preparing the soil passivation repair material according to the claim 1, wherein the drying of the step S3 is performed at room temperature, and the soil passivation repair material is obtained by grinding and sieving through a 100-mesh sieve after the drying.
6. A soil passivation restoration material, characterized in that the soil passivation restoration material is prepared by the method for preparing the soil passivation restoration material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Use of a soil passivation restoration material, wherein the soil passivation restoration material of claim 6 is applied to soil in a weight ratio of 0.1-0.5% and is fully mixed with the soil.
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004154675A (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-03 | Hidekazu Itaka | Environment purifying agent obtained by using structured/concentrated deep water |
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