CN115866656A

CN115866656A - Path loss calculation method and device

Info

Publication number: CN115866656A
Application number: CN202111129252.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵临渊
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-26
Filing date: 2021-09-26
Publication date: 2023-03-28

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a path loss calculation method and a path loss calculation device, wherein the method selects a scene to which a simulation area belongs from a scene library according to scene characteristics of the simulation area, and each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions; and acquiring path loss data of the simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs, wherein N is a positive integer. The N basis functions corresponding to each scene are basis functions which have the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basis function library; the basis function library is constructed based on the transmitting end function, the propagation basis function and the receiving end surrounding environment basis function. The path loss calculation method avoids complex multipath calculation such as reflection, diffraction and the like in a deterministic model, and reduces the calculation complexity. In addition, in the method, when the basis functions corresponding to different scenes are determined, the influence of environmental factors in each scene on the path loss in the scene is considered, and the accuracy of calculating the path loss of the simulation area is improved.

Description

Path loss calculation method and device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a path loss calculation method and apparatus.

Background

There is a path loss in transmitting a wireless signal between a network device and a terminal device. The apparatus for calculating a path loss may determine a path loss when transmitting a wireless signal between the network device and the terminal device based on a deterministic model (may also be referred to as a ray tracing model).

Specifically, the device for calculating the path loss may simulate a wireless signal transmitted between the network device and the terminal device through a plurality of rays. Wherein, the rays can carry out simulated propagation according to the electromagnetic wave physical propagation principle such as geometric optics, unified diffraction theory and the like; then tracing the path of each ray; and determining the path loss of the wireless signal transmitted between the network equipment and the terminal equipment according to the power loss of each ray. However, the path loss determination method needs to perform three-dimensional (3D) space search and ray multipath calculation, which greatly increases the amount of calculation.

Therefore, how to reduce the computational complexity of the path loss calculation is an urgent problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a path loss calculation method and device, which can reduce the calculation complexity of path loss calculation.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a path loss calculation method, where the method includes: selecting a scene to which the simulation region belongs from a scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation region, wherein each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions; and acquiring path loss data of the simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs, wherein N is a positive integer.

The N basic functions corresponding to each scene are the basic functions which have the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basic function library; the base function library is constructed on the basis of a transmitting terminal function, a propagation base function and a receiving terminal surrounding environment base function, wherein the transmitting terminal function is used for representing the influence of engineering parameters of a transmitting terminal on path loss, the propagation base function is used for representing the relative positions of a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal and the influence of an electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiving terminal surrounding environment base function is used for representing the influence of the area where the receiving terminal is located and environmental characteristics on the path loss.

Therefore, the path loss calculation method avoids complex calculations such as reflection, diffraction and the like in a deterministic model, reduces the calculation amount and reduces the calculation complexity. In the method, a basic function library is constructed on the basis of a transmitting terminal function, a propagation basic function and a receiving end surrounding environment basic function; when determining the basis functions corresponding to different scenes, the influence of the characteristics of the wireless signals in the transmission process under each scene on the path loss and the influence of the characteristics of the surrounding environment of the receiving end under each scene on the path loss are considered, the path loss caused by the shielding of the wireless signals in the transmission process can be better represented, and compared with the empirical model in which only a small amount of influence factors in fixed free space transmission are considered, the accuracy of path loss calculation can be improved.

In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises: performing first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library comprises a transmitting end function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function; performing second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library; and merging the first base function library to the third base function library, and then carrying out normalization processing or standardization processing to obtain a base function library. The embodiment can expand the base functions in the first base function library, so that the formed base function library is a high-dimensional base function library, and the base functions included in the base function library are more comprehensive.

In an optional implementation manner, for each scene in the scene library, the basis function which has the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained by screening from the basis function library based on the screening rule;

the screening rule is that the lambda in the formula is increased according to the increment of the penalty term lambda until the number of basis functions with the coefficient not being 0 in the formula | | epsilon | | survival ₀ Less than or equal to the first threshold, N basis functions are based on | | ε | | non-calculation of the coefficient not being 0 in the formula ₀ Determining a basis function;

the formula is as follows:

Loss function＝argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε|| ₀ ]；

wherein epsilon is a basis function in a basis function library, theta epsilon is path loss data of the scene determined by the basis function in the basis function library, y is path loss actual measurement data of the scene, | epsilon | | ₀ Representing the L0 norm of ε, argmin [ (θ ε -y) + λ | | | ε | non-woven cells ₀ ]For determining whether or not (θ ε -y) + λ | | | | ε | | ₀ Minimum theta, epsilon, | epsilon | | non-woven phosphor ₀ . This embodiment can screen out a basis function having a coefficient other than 0 in the formula from the basis function library, so that the path loss calculation means can determine the basis function having the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss based on the basis function having the coefficient other than 0.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are | | | epsilon | | tory with coefficients other than 0 ₀ A base function, | epsilon | | non-calculation ₀ Equal to N. The path loss calculation means in this embodiment may directly use, as the basis function corresponding to each scene, the basis function whose coefficient determined based on the filtering rule is not 0.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are | | | epsilon | | that the coefficient is not 0 ₀ Obtained by removing M basis functions from the basis functions, N being equal to (| | Epsilon |) ₀ Subtracting M, wherein M is an integer; | | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient not being 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions in the basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range. In this embodiment, in addition to the determination by the path loss calculation device based on the filtering rule, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are determined by the user after the user rejects, based on experience, the basis function with a smaller influence on the path loss from among the basis functions whose coefficients are not 0, so that the accuracy of calculating the path loss data can be relatively higher.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include | | epsilon | | without coefficients being 0 ₀ Individual basis function, and | | ε | | non-woven phosphor in the added basis function library except that the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions are integers; | | | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions and the P basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

In this embodiment, in addition to the determination by the computer based on the filtering rule, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are determined by the user based on experience after a basis function having a large influence on the path loss is added from basis functions other than the basis function having a coefficient different from 0 in the basis function library, so that the accuracy of calculating the path loss data is relatively higher.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include | | epsilon | | without coefficients being 0 ₀ The basic functions of the basic functions except M basic functions, and the (| epsilon | |) of the added basic function library except the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions, wherein M is an integer and P is an integer; | | | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions and the path loss measured data obtained by the P basis functions belongs to a first error range.

In this embodiment, in addition to the determination by the computer based on the screening rule, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are determined by the user after the basis functions with smaller influence on the path loss in the basis functions with coefficients different from 0 and the basis functions with larger influence on the path loss are removed from the basis functions in the basis function library except the basis functions with coefficients different from 0, so that the accuracy of calculating the path loss data can be relatively higher.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a path loss calculation apparatus, and beneficial effects may be seen from the description of the first aspect and are not repeated herein. The path loss calculation means has the function of implementing the actions in the method example of the first aspect described above. The functions can be realized by hardware, and the functions can also be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the functions described above.

In one possible design, the path loss calculation device includes: the selection module is used for selecting the scene to which the simulation area belongs from a scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation area, and each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions;

the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are basis functions which have the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basis function library; the base function library is constructed on the basis of a transmitting terminal function, a propagation base function and a receiving terminal surrounding environment base function, wherein the transmitting terminal function is used for representing the influence of engineering parameters of a transmitting terminal on path loss, the propagation base function is used for representing the relative positions of a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal and the influence of an electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiving terminal surrounding environment base function is used for representing the influence of the area where the receiving terminal is located and environmental characteristics on the path loss;

and the acquisition module is used for acquiring the path loss data of the simulation area according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, wherein N is a positive integer.

The modules may perform corresponding functions in the method example of the first aspect, for specific reference, detailed description of the method example is given, and details are not repeated here.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a path loss calculation apparatus, including a transceiver, a memory, and a processor;

a transceiver for transmitting data or receiving data; a memory for storing instructions or a computer program; a processor for executing a computer program or instructions stored by the memory to cause the path loss calculation apparatus to perform the method of the first aspect.

In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip or a chip system, where the chip or the chip system includes at least one processor and an interface, the interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to perform the method according to the first aspect.

The interface in the chip may be an input/output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like.

The system-on-chip in the above aspect may be a system-on-chip (SOC), a baseband chip, and the like, where the baseband chip may include a processor, a channel encoder, a digital signal processor, a modem, an interface module, and the like.

In one possible implementation, the chip or chip system described above in this application further comprises at least one memory having instructions stored therein. The memory may be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., or may be a storage unit of the chip (e.g., a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).

In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program or a computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

Drawings

Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of a wireless network scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 1b is a schematic illustration of a deterministic model;

fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a path loss calculation method 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an area where a receiving end is located according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a graph of coefficients of basis functions versus penalty terms provided by embodiments of the present application;

fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of constructing a path loss calculation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of a simulation prediction provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an exemplary path loss calculation scheme provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a path loss calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another path loss calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The embodiment of the application provides a path loss calculation method, which can reduce the calculation complexity of path loss calculation. The path loss calculation method may be performed by a path loss calculation device.

The path loss calculation means includes, but is not limited to, a terminal or a server. A terminal may also be referred to as a User Equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a user agent, or a user equipment, among others, and may be applied to 4G, 5G, or even 6G systems. The terminal may be a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiving function, a wireless terminal in industrial control (industrial control), a wireless terminal in smart grid (smart grid), a wireless terminal in transportation safety (transportation safety), a wireless terminal in smart city (smart city), a wireless terminal in smart home (smart home), an RSU of the aforementioned wireless terminal type, and so on. The server may be an independent physical server, a server cluster or a distributed system formed by a plurality of physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud service, a cloud database, cloud computing, a cloud function, cloud storage, network service, cloud communication, middleware service, domain name service, security service, CDN, and a big data and artificial intelligence platform.

The path loss calculation method can be applied to outdoor wireless network simulation. Referring to fig. 1a, fig. 1a is a schematic view of a wireless network scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application. But not limited to, one network device and one terminal device may be included in the scenario. The number and the form of the devices shown in fig. 1a are for example and do not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present application, and in practical applications, two or more network devices and two or more terminal devices may be included. Fig. 1a illustrates a network device and a plurality of terminal devices as an example. In fig. 1a, the network device takes a base station as an example, and the terminal device takes a mobile phone as an example. Alternatively, the network device in fig. 1a may be a device with wireless transceiving function or a chip disposed on the device, and the network device includes but is not limited to: a 5G base station gNB, a Base Station Controller (BSC), a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a baseband unit (BBU), and the like, and may also be a network device in an LTE system, a network device in an NR system, or even a device used in a 6G system. The terminal device in fig. 1a may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiving function, a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal device, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving (self driving), a wireless terminal in smart city, and so on.

In the wireless network scenario shown in fig. 1a, path Loss (PL) (also referred to as path loss) exists when wireless signals are transmitted between the network device and the terminal device. The path loss may be caused by a transmission medium, an object (such as a tree, a building, etc.) between the network device and the terminal device that blocks a wireless signal, a geographical location where the network device and the terminal device are located, or a relative location between the network device and the terminal device, or the like.

The apparatus for calculating a path loss may determine a path loss when transmitting a wireless signal between the network device and the terminal device based on a deterministic model (may also be referred to as a ray tracing model). Specifically, the device for calculating the path loss may simulate a wireless signal transmitted between the network device and the terminal device through a plurality of rays. Wherein, the rays can be simulated and transmitted according to the electromagnetic wave physical transmission principle such as geometric optics, unified diffraction theory and the like; then tracing the path of each ray; and calculating and combining the power loss of each ray, and determining the path loss of the wireless signal transmitted between the network equipment and the terminal equipment based on the power loss and the combination.

For example, as shown in fig. 1b, a network device (transmission point) that transmits a wireless signal is located on the roof of a building, and a terminal device 1 (reception point 1) and a terminal device 2 (reception point 2) that receive a wireless signal are located in different vehicles, respectively. The wireless signal transmission between the sending point and the receiving point 1 is line-of-sight transmission, and the wireless signal transmission between the sending point and the receiving point 2 is non-line-of-sight transmission. In fig. 1b, paths through which the radiation emitted from the transmission point to the reception point 1 passes include path 1 (direct path), path 2 (diffraction path), path 3 (reflection path), and path 4 (reflection path). The paths through which the radiation emitted by the transmission point to the reception point 2 passes include path 5 (diffraction path), path 6 (reflection path), and path 7 (diffraction path).

The path loss of the wireless signal transmitted in the actual environment can be accurately calculated by utilizing a deterministic model to calculate the path loss. However, this method requires three-dimensional (3D) spatial search routing and ray multipath calculation, which greatly increases the amount of calculation. Particularly, the performance specification of the device is limited due to large calculation amount in a large-scale networking scene, and the calculation power requirement and the storage space requirement of the device for calculating the path loss are high.

The embodiment of the application provides a path loss calculation method, wherein in the path loss calculation method, a path loss calculation device can acquire path loss data of a simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to a scene to which the simulation region belongs. The N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs are basis functions with the largest influence degree on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss in a basis function library, and the basis function library is constructed on the basis of a transmitting basis function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function. Therefore, the influence of environmental factors on the path loss in the propagation process is considered in the path loss calculation method, so that the accuracy of the obtained path loss data of the simulation area is higher, the complex calculations such as reflection, diffraction and the like are avoided, and the calculation complexity can be reduced.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a path loss calculation method 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the path loss calculation method can be executed by a path loss calculation device. The path loss calculation method 100 includes the steps of:

s101, selecting a scene to which a simulation area belongs from a scene library by a path loss calculation device according to scene characteristics of the simulation area, wherein each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions; the N basic functions corresponding to each scene are the basic functions which have the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basic function library; n is a positive integer.

The basis function library is constructed based on a transmitting end function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function. The transmitting end function is used for representing the influence of engineering parameters of the transmitting end on path loss. For example, the transmit end basis function may be a basis function related to the operating frequency of the transmit end, a basis function related to the transmit antenna, a basis function related to the geographical location where the transmit end is located, and the like. The propagation basis function is used for characterizing the relative positions of the transceiving ends and the influence of the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss. For example, the propagation basis function may be a transmit-receive end link distance, a horizontal manhattan distance, a transmit-receive end relative altitude difference, and the like. The propagation basis function may also be a basis function related to a case where the electromagnetic wave is blocked, for example, the propagation basis function may be a basis function representing a degree to which the electromagnetic wave is blocked by a building or a tree. The propagation basis function may be a basis function related to a phenomenon such as diffraction or reflection generated during propagation of the electromagnetic wave.

The receiving end surrounding environment basis function is used for representing the area where the receiving end is located and the influence of the environment characteristics on the path loss. For example, the receiving-end surrounding environment basis function may be the height, undulation, etc. of the receiving-end surrounding building. Alternatively, the area in which the receiving end is located may be determined based on the position of the receiving end in the digital map. Specifically, the digital map is divided in the form of a grid, the size of which is determined according to the precision of the digital map; and taking a square area taking the grid where the receiving end is positioned as the center as the area where the receiving end is positioned. The receiver-side ambient basis function may then be the height, heave, etc. of the building located within the area of the receiver. In addition, the basis function of the surrounding environment of the receiving end may also be a basis function representing the extent of the grid point, where the extent of the grid point is a ratio of the area of the receiving end except the area of the receiving end and the area of other objects (such as buildings, trees, etc.) to the area of the receiving end.

For example, referring to fig. 3, the area where the receiving end is located is a square area (i.e., the area covered by the black box in fig. 3) having a length and a width each including 11 grids, centered on the grid where the receiving end is located. In fig. 3, the area where the receiving end is located includes buildings in addition to the receiving end device, then the grid points corresponding to the receiving end are open: the ratio of the number of grids 58 in the black box except the grid in which the building and receiver are located to the number of grids 121 comprised by the black box is 58 ÷ 121 ≈ 0.479.

The basis functions in the embodiments of the present application may represent features that may have an influence on the path loss, and therefore the basis functions may also be referred to as features, and the library of basis functions may also be referred to as a library of features.

In an optional implementation, the path loss calculation method may further include a basis function extension process, and the basis function extension process may include: the path loss calculation device carries out first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library comprises a transmitting basis function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function; and performing second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library. The base functions in the first base function library are expanded, so that the formed base function library is a high-dimensional base function library, and the base functions included in the base function library are more comprehensive.

Optionally, the first mathematical operation and the second mathematical operation may be one or more of the following, respectively: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, or logarithmization, and the like. The logarithm operation may be a base-10 logarithm operation. The multiplication operation may be a polynomial expansion operation. The polynomial augmentation operation on the basis functions in the second basis function library is to multiply a plurality of basis functions (which can be repeated) in all basis functions included in the second basis function library, and add the result as a new basis function to the third basis function library. For example, the binomial augmentation of the basis functions in the second basis function library is performed by multiplying the basis functions (which may be repeated) included in the second basis function library by two, and adding the result as a new basis function to the third basis function library.

Specifically, if the second mathematical operation is an H-term augmentation operation, the path loss calculation device may multiply k basis functions of M basis functions included in the second basis function library to obtain T basis functions, where k =1, 2. The k basis functions may include the same basis function or different basis functions. The value of T can then be determined according to equation (1) below:

the embodiment of the application does not limit the times of mathematical operations executed when the path loss calculation device performs the basis function expansion.

In addition, after the path loss calculation device obtains the second basis function library and the third basis function library, the first basis function library to the third basis function library can be merged, and then normalization processing or standardization processing is performed to obtain the basis function library. Alternatively, the normalization process may be a mean and standard deviation based normalization process. And (3) performing normalization processing based on the mean value and the standard deviation to obtain distribution with the mean value of 0 and the standard deviation of 1 for each basis function in the basis function library.

Wherein, the L basic functions (X) included after merging the first basic function library to the third basic function library ₁ 、X ₂ 、...、X _L ) Each basis function X in (1) _i Normalized basis function X _i ' is determined based on the following equation (2):

/>

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

represents the mean of the L basis functions; />

The standard deviation of the L basis functions is expressed.

After merging the first base function library to the third base function library, the method comprisesL basis functions (X) ₁ 、X ₂ 、...、X _L ) Each basis function X in (1) _i Normalized basis function X _i ' is determined based on the following equation (3):

wherein, min (X) ₁ ,X ₂ ,...,X _L ) Is the minimum of the L basis functions, max (X) ₁ ,X ₂ ,...,X _L ) Is the maximum of the L basis functions.

Optionally, the first basis function library may further include a core basis function determined according to Fries transfer formula (Fries transfer format). The core basis function may be a logarithm of the transceiver point link distance, a logarithm of the center frequency, a constant term, or a basis function representing line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight transmissions. If the transmission of the wireless signal belongs to line-of-sight transmission, a basis function for indicating line-of-sight transmission or non-line-of-sight transmission can take a value of 1; if the transmission of the wireless signal belongs to non-line-of-sight transmission, the basis function for indicating line-of-sight transmission or non-line-of-sight transmission may take a value of 0.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library may be determined based on a sparse optimization. Sparse optimization refers to the calculation and processing of converting an uncertainty problem into an optimization problem on the premise of sparse representation. Where sparse representation means that most or all of the original signal is expressed with fewer active combinations of the basic signals. The embodiment of the present application provides a specific implementation manner for determining N basis functions corresponding to each scene based on a sparse optimization manner as follows:

in the embodiment 1.1, for each scene in the scene library, the basis function which has the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained by screening from the basis function library based on the screening rule;

the screening rule is that the lambda in the formula is increased according to the increment of the penalty term lambda until the number of basis functions with the coefficient not being 0 in the formula | | epsilon|| ₀ Less than or equal to a first threshold, N basis functions are based on | | ε | | non-calculation of coefficient not 0 in equation (4) ₀ Determined by the basis functions.

Loss function＝argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε|| ₀ ] (4)

Wherein epsilon is a basis function in a basis function library, theta epsilon is path loss data of the scene determined by the basis function in the basis function library, y is path loss actual measurement data of the scene, | epsilon | | ₀ Representing the L0 norm of ε, argmin [ (θ ε -y) + λ | | | ε | non-woven cells ₀ ]For determining so that (theta epsilon-y) + lambda epsilon ₀ Minimum theta, epsilon, | epsilon | | non-woven phosphor ₀ . The L0 norm refers to the number of non-zero elements.

Based on the above screening rules, a graph of basis function coefficients versus penalty term can be obtained as shown in FIG. 4. In the graph, the abscissa represents the value of λ, the ordinate represents the coefficient of the basis function, and each curve represents the trend that the coefficient of one basis function changes with the change of the value of the penalty term λ. As can be seen from fig. 4, as the value of λ increases, more and more coefficients of the basis functions are set to 0. The number of basis functions for which the coefficient is not 0 when λ takes each value can be obtained based on fig. 4. For example, when λ is 3, there are 5 basis functions whose coefficients are not 0; when λ is 4, there are 1 basis functions whose coefficients are not 0.

In addition, based on technical experience, the above equation (4) can be further extended to equation (5):

Loss function＝argmin[||θε-y|| ₂ +λ||ε|| ₀ ] (5)

wherein | θ ε -y | ceiling light ₂ Is the L2 norm of θ ε -y.

Alternatively, the first threshold may be a custom empirical value or may be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited herein.

In embodiment 1.2, after the path loss calculation device determines, based on the filtering rule, a basis function whose coefficient is not 0 in the scene, the path loss calculation method may further include: the path loss calculation means obtains a user-adjusted basis function. Wherein the adjusted basis functions may be adjusted based on a greedy algorithm. After the path loss calculation device obtains the adjusted basis function, the difference between the obtained path loss data and the path loss actual measurement data can be calculated, and the influence of the adjusted basis function on the path loss data is judged based on the difference. If the difference between the path loss data and the measured path loss data is smaller, it is indicated that the adjusted basis function has less influence on the path loss data.

Optionally, the adjusted basis function may be determined based on a greedy algorithm of a forward screening manner and/or a backward screening manner.

When the adjusted basis function is determined based on the forward screening mode, the path loss calculation device can acquire | epsilon | that the coefficient of the user is not 0 ₀ The removed basis functions may be ones that are not considered important by the user based on an empirically filtered person. Then, the path-loss calculation device may calculate the routing paths based on | | | ε | | | ₀ And determining the influence of the removed basis function on the path loss according to the difference between the path loss data obtained by other basis functions except the removed basis function in the basis functions and the path loss measured data, and displaying the influence of the removed basis function on the path loss to a user. The user may combine the effect of the removed basis function on path loss and experience to determine whether to remove the basis function. Until | ε | Y | does not calculation ₀ And after removing part of the basic functions in the basic functions, stopping removing the basic functions when the number of the remaining basic functions is less than or equal to a second threshold value.

For example, the user may retain | | | ε | | without coefficients being 0 ₀ Trying to remove the | | epsilon | | survival algorithm by using a primary term basis function in the basis functions and a secondary term basis function corresponding to the primary term basis function ₀ Other quadratic term basis functions in the basis functions. For example, | ε | | charging ₀ The first order basis functions in the basis functions comprise the transceiving point link distance and the center frequency, so the product of the transceiving point link distance and the center frequency can be reserved, and the product of the average building height and the building height variance can be removed by trying.

Alternatively, the second threshold may be a custom empirical value or may be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited herein.

Radical of regulationWhen the function is determined based on the backward screening mode, the path loss calculation device obtains | | | epsilon | | calculation result of the user except the coefficient not being 0 from the basic function library ₀ The added basis function, which may be an artificially important basis function, is added to the basis functions other than the individual basis functions. Then, the path loss calculation device may determine the influence of the added basis function on the path loss according to the difference between the path loss data obtained after the basis function is added and the path loss measured data, and display the influence of the added basis function on the path loss to the user. The user determines whether to add the basis function in combination with the influence of the added basis function on the path loss and experience. Until | | epsilon | | does not calculation ₀ And stopping adding the basis functions when the sum of the number of the added basis functions is less than or equal to a third threshold value.

Illustratively, the logarithm of the connecting distance of the transmitting and receiving points is an artificially important basis function, but does not belong to | | ε | | non-zero whose coefficient is not 0 ₀ And the user can manually add the logarithm of the connecting line distance of the transmitting and receiving points as the base function corresponding to the scene.

Alternatively, the third threshold may be a custom empirical value, or may be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited herein.

Based on the above method for screening basis functions, the following embodiments exist in determining N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library:

in embodiment 2.1, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the filtering rule. Then, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are | | ε | | non-calculation with coefficient not being 0 ₀ A base function, | epsilon | | non-calculation ₀ Equal to N.

In embodiment 2.2, N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the filtering rule and the forward filtering method. Then, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are | | ε | | non-calculation with coefficient not being 0 ₀ Obtained by removing M basis functions from the basis functions, N being equal to (| | Epsilon |) ₀ M is subtracted, and M is an integer. Wherein | | | ε | | calucing based on coefficient not being 0 ₀ Path loss data obtained for basis functions other than the M basis functions,the difference with the measured path loss data falls within a first error range. Optionally, the first error range may be self-defined or calculated by the path loss calculation device, and is not limited herein.

In embodiment 2.3, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the filtering rule and the backward filtering method. Then, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include | | ε | | non-calculation with a coefficient other than 0 ₀ The individual basis functions and | | | ε | | calucing the cells in the added basis function library except for coefficient not being 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions are integers. Wherein | | | ε | | calucing based on coefficient not being 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions and the P basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

In embodiment 2.4, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the screening rule, the forward screening method, and the backward screening method. Then, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include | | ε | | non-calculation with a coefficient other than 0 ₀ The basic functions of the basic functions except M basic functions, and the (| epsilon | |) of the added basic function library except the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions other than the basis functions, M is an integer, and P is an integer. Wherein | ε | ceiling light based on coefficient not being 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions and the path loss measured data obtained by the P basis functions belongs to a first error range.

In an optional implementation, the method for calculating a path loss may further include: the path loss calculation device performs fitting processing (model training) according to the N basis functions corresponding to each scene and the path loss measured data to obtain a coefficient corresponding to each basis function of the N basis functions corresponding to the scene. Alternatively, the fitting process performed by the path loss calculation means may be a linear fitting process or a Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) process. In addition, with the increase of scenes, the path loss calculation device can combine similar scenes according to information such as building height, building density and electromagnetic wave frequency in the coverage area of the scenes to establish a scene library. The path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene in the scene library is determined based on the N basis functions corresponding to the scene and the coefficients of each basis function in the N basis functions. For example, in practical applications, a plurality of models can be fitted to different scenes such as dense urban areas, suburban areas, forests and the like.

Based on the above embodiment of constructing the basis function library and determining the basis function corresponding to each scene, fig. 5a shows an optional establishment process of the path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene in the scene library. As shown in fig. 5a, the path loss calculating device may perform mathematical operations such as polynomial amplification on a core basis function (including a logarithm of a center frequency logf, a logarithm of a connection distance between transmitting and receiving points, a constant term 1, etc.) and an empirical basis function (including a grid point openness degree openness, an electromagnetic wave shielding degree shielded, an antenna height h at a transmitting end, etc.), so as to obtain a basis function library. The experience basis function comprises a transmitting end function, a propagation basis function and/or a receiving end surrounding environment basis function, and the receiving end surrounding environment basis function is determined based on features extracted from the 3D digital map. Then, the path loss calculation equipment screens out a basis function which has the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of each scene in a sparse optimization mode (including screening based on a screening rule and/or manual experience screening); and performing regression fitting processing (including linear fitting processing or LightGBM processing and the like) by combining the measured data (including the path loss measured data) to obtain a path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene.

S102, the path loss calculation device obtains path loss data of the simulation area according to the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs.

Specifically, the path loss calculation device may obtain a level value corresponding to the simulation area according to the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs and the coefficient of each of the N basis functions; and obtaining the path loss data of the simulation area according to the level value and the transmitting power of the transmitting terminal.

In an alternative embodiment, in step S101, the path loss calculation device may select one or more scenes to which the simulation region belongs from the scene library. If the path loss calculation device selects a scene to which the simulation region belongs, the path loss calculation device may perform a step of acquiring path loss data of the simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene. If the path loss calculation device selects a plurality of scenes to which the simulation region belongs, the path loss calculation device may obtain path loss data of the simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the plurality of scenes.

For example, in connection with the simulation prediction flow shown in FIG. 5b, the scenes in the scene library include dense urban scenes, park scenes, and forest scenes. The path loss calculation device can determine the scenes to which the simulation area belongs as the park scene and the forest scene according to the similarity between the scene features of the simulation area and the scene features of the scenes in the scene library. Then, the path loss calculation means may determine path loss data (simulation result) of the simulation area based on a path loss calculation model corresponding to the park scene (model 2, composed of basis functions corresponding to the park scene and coefficients of the basis functions) and a path loss calculation corresponding to the forest scene (model 3, composed of basis functions corresponding to the forest scene and coefficients of the basis functions).

In summary, in the path loss calculation method, the path loss calculation device may obtain the path loss data of the simulation area according to the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs. The N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs are the basis functions with the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basis function library. The basis function library is constructed based on a transmitting end function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function. Therefore, the path loss calculation method avoids complex multipath calculation in a deterministic model and reduces the calculation complexity. In addition, in the path loss calculation method, the screening of the basis functions and the training of the model can be performed locally, and do not depend on-line resources, so that the method can reduce the memory occupation compared with a method for performing multi-path calculation by using the on-line resources in a deterministic model. In addition, verification shows that the time for determining the path loss based on the path loss calculation method is lower than that of a deterministic model, and the path loss calculation method also improves the efficiency and performance of determining the path loss.

In addition, compared with the empirical model in which only a small number of fixed influence factors in free space transmission are considered, the method for calculating the path loss takes the influence of environmental factors on the path loss in the actual propagation process into consideration. The characteristics in the propagation process and the characteristics of the environment around the receiving point are added in the basis function library, so that the influence of shielding on path loss in the electromagnetic wave propagation process can be better represented. Therefore, the key factors (the basis functions which have the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene) are screened from the basis function library, and the key factors which are easy to ignore by people can be discovered, so that the model corresponding to each scene obtained through training has better expression capability and sublimation capability, and the accuracy of calculating the path loss data of the simulation area is improved.

The empirical model is a linear regression model established using existing data. The apparatus for calculating a path loss determines a path loss from three basis functions including a logarithm of a line distance of a transmission and reception point, a logarithm of a center frequency, and a constant term. In addition, the coefficients for each of the three basis functions are determined using measured data rectification,

table 1 lists, among empirical models, an equation for calculating a path loss when the wireless signal is transmitted in line-of-sight (Los) and an equation for calculating a path loss when the wireless signal is transmitted in non-line-of-sight (NLos) for a wireless signal transmitted in an urban macro cell (UMa).

TABLE 1

Wherein f is _C Is the center frequency, d _3D Is the line distance, sigma, of the transmitting and receiving points _SF Is the shadow fading standard deviation, h _BS Is the antenna height, h, of the Base Station (BS) transmitting the radio signal _UT Is connected toAntenna height, d 'of a User Terminal (UT) receiving a wireless signal' _BP Is break point distance (break distance).

Exemplarily, level values of receiving points in a city a, a city B and a city C are respectively calculated based on the above path loss calculation method and empirical model; city a, city B, and city C include a plurality of transmission points (network devices) and a plurality of reception points, respectively. And then calculating the standard reaching rate of each level value obtained by the path loss calculation method and the standard reaching rate of each level value obtained by an empirical model. And if the difference between the calculated level value and the drive test level value is within the level error range, the calculated level value is up to the standard. Table 2 shows the difference obtained by subtracting the achievement rate corresponding to the empirical model from the achievement rate corresponding to the path loss calculation method for city A, city B and city C when the level error ranges are [ -6dB,6dB ] and [ -8dB,8dB ] respectively.

TABLE 2

Range of level error	City A	City B	City C	Average
					[-6dB，6dB]	5.82％	31.25％	15.21％	17.40％
[-8dB，8dB]	7.27％	26.37％	15.51％	16.44％

As can be seen from table 2, the achievement rate of the path loss calculation method provided in the embodiment of the present application is significantly higher than the achievement rate corresponding to the empirical model, and is improved by 16.4% to 17.4% as a whole. Therefore, compared with the empirical model, the path loss calculation method improves the accuracy of path loss calculation.

Based on the path loss calculation method 100 shown in fig. 2, an exemplary path loss calculation scheme is provided below. Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary path loss calculation scheme according to an embodiment of the present application. The path loss calculation scheme includes the steps of:

s201, the path loss calculation device performs logarithm operation with the base of 10 on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library comprises a transmitting basis function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function.

S202, the path loss calculation device performs polynomial augmentation operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library.

And S203, merging the first basis function library, the second basis function library and the third basis function library by the path loss calculation device, and carrying out normalization processing or standardization processing to obtain a basis function library.

S204, the path loss calculation device screens a plurality of basis functions with coefficients not equal to 0 from the basis function library according to the screening rule aiming at each scene in the scene library.

S205, the path loss calculation device acquires M basic functions removed from a plurality of basic functions with coefficients not being 0 by a user and P basic functions added from the basic functions except the basic functions with coefficients not being 0 in a basic function library; taking the basis functions except M basis functions and the added P basis functions in the plurality of basis functions with coefficients not being 0 as N basis functions corresponding to each scene; the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are the basis functions in the basis function library that have the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene.

S206, the path loss calculation device performs fitting processing according to the N basic functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library and the path loss actual measurement data to obtain a coefficient corresponding to each basic function in the N basic functions corresponding to the scene.

And S207, selecting a scene to which the simulation region belongs from a scene library by the path loss calculation device according to the scene characteristics of the simulation region.

S208, the path loss calculation device obtains path loss data of the simulation area according to the N basic functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs and the coefficient corresponding to each basic function.

Therefore, the influence of environmental factors on the path loss in the propagation process is considered in the path loss calculation method, so that the accuracy of the acquired path loss data of the simulation area is higher, the complex multipath calculation is avoided, and the calculation complexity can be reduced. In addition, in the path loss calculation method, the screening of the basis functions and the training (fitting) of the model can be performed locally, and do not depend on-line resources, so that the method can reduce the memory occupation compared with a method for performing multi-path calculation by using the on-line resources in a deterministic model.

It is to be understood that, in order to implement the functions of the above-described embodiments, the path loss calculation means includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performing each function. One skilled in the art will readily recognize that the exemplary elements and method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed in hardware or computer software driven hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the solution.

Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a path loss calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The path loss calculation apparatus 700 may be used to implement the functions of the path loss calculation apparatus in the above method embodiments, and therefore, the advantageous effects of the above method embodiments can also be achieved. The path loss calculation apparatus 700 includes a selection module 701 and an acquisition module 702.

A selecting module 701, configured to select a scene to which the simulation region belongs from a scene library according to scene characteristics of the simulation region, where each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions; the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are basis functions which have the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basis function library; the base function library is constructed on the basis of a transmitting terminal function, a propagation base function and a receiving terminal surrounding environment base function, wherein the transmitting terminal function is used for representing the influence of engineering parameters of a transmitting terminal on path loss, the propagation base function is used for representing the relative positions of a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal and the influence of an electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiving terminal surrounding environment base function is used for representing the influence of the area where the receiving terminal is located and environmental characteristics on the path loss.

An obtaining module 702, configured to obtain path loss data of the simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to a scene to which the simulation region belongs, where N is a positive integer.

In an alternative embodiment, the path loss calculation apparatus 700 further includes an operation module 703 and a processing module 704.

The operation module 703 is configured to perform a first mathematical operation on each basis function in the first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, where the first basis function library includes a transmitting basis function, a propagation basis function, and a receiving end surrounding basis function. The operation module 703 is further configured to perform a second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library.

The processing module 704 is configured to perform normalization or normalization after merging the first basis function library to the third basis function library, so as to obtain a basis function library.

In an optional implementation manner, for each scene in the scene library, the basis function with the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained by screening from the basis function library based on the screening rule;

the screening rule is that the lambda in the formula is increased according to the increment of the penalty term lambda until the number of basis functions with the coefficient not being 0 in the formula is | | epsilon | | ₀ Less than or equal to the first threshold, N basis functions are based on | | ε | | non-calculation of the coefficient not being 0 in the formula ₀ Determining a basis function;

the formula is as follows:

Loss function＝argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε|| ₀ ]；

wherein epsilon is a basis function in a basis function library, theta epsilon is path loss data of the scene determined by the basis function in the basis function library, y is path loss actual measurement data of the scene, | epsilon | | ₀ Representing the L0 norm of ε, argmin [ (θ ε -y) + λ | | | ε | non-woven cells ₀ ]For determining so that (theta epsilon-y) + lambda epsilon ₀ Minimum theta, epsilon, | epsilon | | non-woven phosphor ₀ 。

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are | | | epsilon | | that the coefficient is not 0 ₀ Obtained by removing M basis functions from the basis functions, N being equal to (| | Epsilon |) ₀ Subtracting M, wherein M is an integer;

| | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient not being 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions in the basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include | | epsilon | | without coefficients being 0 ₀ Individual basis function, and | | ε | | non-woven phosphor in the added basis function library except that the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions are integers;

| | | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions and the P basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include | | epsilon | | without coefficients being 0 ₀ The basic functions of the basic functions except M basic functions, and the (| epsilon | |) of the added basic function library except the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions, wherein M is an integer and P is an integer;

| | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient not being 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions and the path loss measured data obtained by the P basis functions belongs to a first error range.

For more detailed description of the path loss calculation apparatus 700, reference may be made to the related description in the embodiment of the method shown in fig. 2, and details are not repeated herein.

Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another path loss calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application, and the path loss calculation apparatus 800 may be a path loss calculation apparatus according to the above method embodiment, so that the advantageous effects of the above method embodiment can also be achieved. The path loss calculation apparatus 800 includes a transceiver 801, a memory 802, and a processor 803. The transceiver 801 is used for transmitting data or receiving data; the memory 802 is used to store instructions or computer programs; the processor 803 is used to execute computer programs or instructions stored by the memory 802 to cause the path loss calculation apparatus 800 to perform:

selecting a scene to which the simulation region belongs from a scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation region, wherein each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions;

and acquiring path loss data of the simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs, wherein N is a positive integer.

In an alternative embodiment, the processor 803 is further configured to execute a computer program or instructions stored in the memory 802 to cause the path loss calculation apparatus 800 to perform: performing first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library comprises a transmitting end function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function; performing second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library; and merging the first base function library to the third base function library, and then carrying out normalization processing or standardization processing to obtain a base function library.

the formula is as follows:

Loss function＝argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε|| ₀ ]；

wherein epsilon is a basis function in a basis function library, theta epsilon is path loss data of the scene determined by the basis function in the basis function library, y is actual measurement data of path loss of the scene, | epsilon | | ₀ Representing the L0 norm of ε, argmin [ (θ ε -y) + λ | | | ε | non-woven cells ₀ ]For determining so that (theta epsilon-y) + lambda epsilon ₀ Minimum theta, epsilon, | epsilon | | non-woven phosphor ₀ 。

In an alternative implementationIn this way, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are | | ε | | sweet wind with coefficient not being 0 ₀ Obtained by removing M basis functions from the basis functions, N being equal to (| | Epsilon |) ₀ Subtracting M, wherein M is an integer;

| | | epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions and the path loss measured data obtained by the P basis functions belongs to a first error range.

For a more detailed description of the above path loss calculation apparatus 800, reference may be made to the related description in the embodiment of the method shown in fig. 2, which is not repeated herein.

An embodiment of the present application provides a chip or a chip system, where the chip or the chip system includes at least one processor and an interface, the interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect.

Embodiments of the present application provide a computer program or computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

It is understood that the Processor in the embodiments of the present Application may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but may be any conventional processor.

The method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by software instructions executed by a processor. The software instructions may be comprised of corresponding software modules that may be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, erasable programmable read only memory, electrically erasable programmable read only memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may reside in a base station or a terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a base station or terminal.

In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are performed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network appliance, a user device, or other programmable apparatus. The computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire or wirelessly. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that integrates one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape; optical media such as digital video disks; but also semiconductor media such as solid state disks. The computer readable storage medium may be volatile or nonvolatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile types of storage media.

In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or conflicting with respect to logic, the terms and/or descriptions in different embodiments have consistency and may be mutually cited, and technical features in different embodiments may be combined to form a new embodiment according to their inherent logic relationship.

In this application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural. In the description of the text of this application, the character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

It is to be understood that the various numerical references referred to in the embodiments of the present application are merely for convenience of description and distinction and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The sequence numbers of the above processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the inherent logic.

Claims

1. A method of path loss computation, the method comprising:

selecting a scene to which a simulation area belongs from a scene library according to scene characteristics of the simulation area, wherein each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions;

the N basic functions corresponding to each scene are the basic functions which have the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in the basic function library; the base function library is constructed on the basis of a transmitting terminal function, a propagation base function and a receiving terminal surrounding environment base function, wherein the transmitting terminal function is used for representing the influence of engineering parameters of a transmitting terminal on path loss, the propagation base function is used for representing the relative positions of a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal and the influence of an electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiving terminal surrounding environment base function is used for representing the influence of the area where the receiving terminal is located and environmental characteristics on the path loss;

and acquiring path loss data of the simulation area according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, wherein N is a positive integer.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library comprises the transmitting end function, the propagation basis function and the receiving end surrounding environment basis function;

performing second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library; and merging the first base function library to the third base function library, and then carrying out normalization processing or standardization processing to obtain the base function library.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for each scene in the scene library, the basis function having the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained by screening from the basis function library based on a screening rule;

the screening rule is to increase the lambda in the formula according to the increment of the penalty term lambda until the number of basis functions with the coefficient not being 0 in the formula is | | epsilon | | ₀ Less than or equal to a first threshold, the N basis functions being based on | | ε | | non-calculation of coefficients other than 0 in the equation ₀ Determining a basis function;

the formula is as follows:

Loss function＝argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε|| ₀ ]；

wherein epsilon is a basis function in the basis function library, theta epsilon is path loss data of the scene determined by the basis function in the basis function library, y is path loss measured data of the scene, and | epsilon | | ₀ Representing the L0 norm of ε, the argmin [ (θ ε -y) + λ | | ε | non-woven cells ₀ ]For determining so that (theta epsilon-y) + lambda epsilon ₀ Minimum theta, epsilon, | epsilon | | non-woven phosphor ₀ 。

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library are | | | ε | | that divides the coefficient to be not 0 ₀ Obtained by removing M basis functions from the basis functions, wherein N is equal to (| | epsilon | | | non-calculation ₀ Subtracting the M, wherein the M is an integer;

| epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions in the basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library comprise | | ε | | when the coefficient is not 0 ₀ A base function, and | | | ε | | non-woven phosphor in the base function library except the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions are integers;

| epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions and the P basis functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library comprise | | ε | | when the coefficient is not 0 ₀ Basic functions of the basic functions except for M basic functions, and | | | epsilon | | | non-woven hair in the added basic function library except for the coefficient not being 0 ₀ P basis functions in basis functions other than the basis functions, wherein M is an integer and P is an integer;

| epsilon | | non-woven calculation based on coefficient is not 0 ₀ The difference between the path loss data obtained by the basis functions except the M basis functions and the path loss measured data obtained by the P basis functions belongs to a first error range.

8. A path loss calculation apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

the selection module is used for selecting the scene to which the simulation area belongs from a scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation area, wherein each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions;

and the obtaining module is used for obtaining the path loss data of the simulation area according to N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, wherein N is a positive integer.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:

the operation module is used for performing first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library comprises the transmitting end function, the propagation basis function and the receiving end surrounding environment basis function;

the operation module is further configured to perform a second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library;

and the processing module is used for merging the first base function library to the third base function library and then carrying out normalization processing or standardization processing to obtain the base function library.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein for each scene in the scene library, the basis function having the largest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained by screening from the basis function library based on the screening rule;

the screening rule is to increase the lambda in the formula according to the increment of the penalty term lambda until the number of basis functions with coefficients not equal to 0 in the formula | | epsilon | | survival ₀ Less than or equal to a first threshold, the N basis functions being based on | | | ε | | calucing that coefficient is not 0 in the equation ₀ Determining a basis function;

the formula is as follows:

Loss function＝argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε|| ₀ ]；

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library are | | | epsilon | | y 90 with the coefficient different from 0 ₀ A base function of | | epsilon | | non-woven phosphor ₀ Equal to said N.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library are | epsilon | survival that is obtained by subtracting the coefficient from 0 ₀ Obtained by removing M basis functions from the basis functions, wherein N is equal to | | epsilon | | calucing ₀ Subtracting the M, wherein the M is an integer;

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library comprise the N basis functions| | | Epsilon | | | non-woven calculation with coefficient not being 0 ₀ A base function, and | | | ε | | non-woven phosphor in the base function library except the coefficient is not 0 ₀ P basis functions in the basis functions except the basis functions are integers;

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the N basis functions for each scene in the scene library comprise | epsilon | y where the coefficient is not 0 ₀ Basic functions of the basic functions except for M basic functions, and | | | epsilon | | | | calucing the basic function library except for the coefficient not being 0 ₀ P basis functions in basis functions other than the basis functions, wherein M is an integer and P is an integer;

15. A path loss calculation apparatus comprising a transceiver, a memory, and a processor;

the transceiver is used for transmitting data or receiving data;

the memory for storing instructions or computer programs;

the processor to execute a computer program or instructions stored by the memory to cause the path loss calculation apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 7.

16. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

17. A computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.