CN115862448A - Three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue and method for establishing the model - Google Patents

Abstract

The three-dimensional model of the gill tissue of the present invention and the method for establishing the model include: a gill arch; gill filaments, detachably connected with the arch surface of the gill arch; gill rakers, detachable with the concave surface of the gill arch connection; blood vessels, located inside the gill arch; gill filament main blood vessels, located in the gill filaments, and plugged with the blood vessels; capillary network, regularly connected to the gill filament main blood vessels, the The main blood vessels of the gill filament pass through the through hole on the capillary network; the small gill flakes are regularly arranged on the gill filament. In the present invention, by measuring the size of each tissue of fish gills, the three-dimensional model of each tissue of fish gills is established through 3Dmax software. The model is convenient for teaching, and it can also be used as a splicing building block toy for popular science education.

Description

Three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue and method for building the model

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of models for teaching and building block models for popular science education, in particular to a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue and a method for building the model.

Background technique

The gills are located at the back of the oropharyngeal cavity, distributed on the left and right sides, with multiple gill arches distributed on each side. The comb-like/lath-shaped protrusions arranged perpendicular to the gill arch are called gill filaments, and a series of thin sheets called gill lamellae are closely arranged on the gill filaments. Numerous capillaries are densely covered in the gill lamellae. These capillaries Composed of only a single layer of squamous epithelial cells, it is very conducive to gas exchange.

In teaching, due to the complex structure of fish gills and small structures such as gill filaments and gill flakes, which are invisible to the naked eye, the existing teaching process of fish gills can only be explained with the help of plane pictures, which cannot reflect the structure of fish gills in detail , affect the teaching demonstration, and cause difficulties for students to learn and understand. The establishment of this model can well make up for these defects. In addition, the building block model has a non-negligible effect on the development of the user's three-dimensional thinking ability. The use of the three-dimensional model of the fish gill tissue as a building block model can not only play the general function of building blocks, but also develop the user's three-dimensional thinking ability. Knowledge also has a good role in popularizing science, increasing users' interest in in-depth understanding of relevant knowledge.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to establish a three-dimensional model of fish gills through 3Dmax software, combine the functions of fish gills, understand the tissue structure of fish gills step by step from macro to micro, explore the application of 3D modeling technology in the teaching of biological histology, and pass 3D printing technology combines model printing into a three-dimensional model, which is convenient for teachers to explain fish gill tissue and students to understand fish gill tissue in the teaching process. At the same time, the use of the three-dimensional model of gill tissue as a building block model can not only exert the general function of building blocks, but also promote the realization of the role of building blocks in popular science.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue, comprising:

Gill arch;

gill filaments removably connected to the arcuate surface of said gill arch;

gill rakers removably connected to the concave surface of said gill arch;

blood vessels located inside the gill arch;

The gill filament main blood vessel is arranged in the gill filament and inserted into the blood vessel;

The capillary network is regularly connected to the main blood vessels of the gill filaments, and the main blood vessels of the gill filaments pass through the through holes on the capillary network;

Gill lamellae, regularly arranged on the gill filaments.

As a further solution of the present invention, the gill filament is a one-piece or multi-piece structure inserted into the gill arch.

As a further solution of the present invention, the one-piece or multi-piece structure of the gill raker is inserted into the gill arch.

As a further solution of the present invention, the capillary network and the gill filament main blood vessel are of an integrated structure.

In addition, the present invention also provides a method for establishing a three-dimensional model of gill tissue, and the method for establishing a three-dimensional model of gill tissue according to any one of the above includes the following steps:

S0: Obtain and process fish gill samples, measure the size of each tissue of the gill body;

S1: Creation of the 3D model of the gill filament part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gill;

S2: Creation of the 3D model of the gill arch part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gill;

S3: Creation of a 3D model of the gill rakers in the macroscopic shape of fish gills;

S4: Creation of a 3D model of the macroscopic shape of fish gills;

S5: Creation of the 3D model of the main blood vessels of fish gill filaments;

S6: Creation of the 3D model of the branched capillary network in the gill slice of the fish;

S7: Creation of 3D model of fish gills;

S8: Import the above three-dimensional model into the 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combine it into a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue.

As a further solution of the present invention, comprising the following specific steps:

S0: Obtain and process fish gill samples, measure the size of each tissue of the gill body;

S1: Creation of the 3D model of the gill filament part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gills:

S11: building a cylinder through 3Dmax software;

S12: Edit the above-mentioned cylinder into a hollow shell figure with two thin and narrow semi-pipes;

S13: Stretching the two thin and semi-tubular empty shell figures into a shape close to gill filaments;

S14: Make the graphics of S13 have thickness and make the established gill filament model smoother;

S2: Creation of the 3D model of the gill arch part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gills:

S21: Establish a spline according to the shape of the gill arch;

S22: building a cylinder model next to the spline;

S23: Assign the track of the spline line to the built cylinder so that the cylinder extends along the route of the track to finally achieve the effect of the gill arch;

S24: Create two cylinders and insert them into the two ends of the gill arch to represent the veins and arteries respectively;

S3: Creation of the 3D model of the gill rakers in the macroscopic shape of fish gills:

S31: Create a sphere;

S32: Convert the above sphere into an editable polygon, cut the sphere into a 1/8 hemisphere along the grid line of the sphere, and add a shell;

S33: adding shells to smooth 1/8 hemispheres to form gill rakers;

S4: Creation of the 3D model of the macroscopic shape of fish gills:

S41: Add gill filaments and gill rakers to the gill arch with the gill arch as the main body through the displacement tool;

S42: Continuously use the clone option to clone a large number of gill filaments and gill rakers, and adjust the size and position of each gill filament and gill raker with the zoom tool, rotation tool and displacement tool to complete the establishment of a single gill;

S43: Duplicating the single-valve gill to establish a macroscopic model of the gill;

S5: Creation of the 3D model of the main blood vessels of fish gill filaments:

S51: Establish a closed-loop spline;

S52: Adjust the position of the spline along the shape of the gill filament;

S53: Make the spline have a columnar structure;

S6: Creation of the 3D model of the branched capillary network in the gill gills of the fish:

S61: Create a cylinder first, adjust the size and thickness of the cylinder against the gill filaments and the main body of the blood vessel, so that both blood vessels can pass through the cylinder;

S62: Build multiple tubular bodies of different sizes, elongate the tubular bodies into elliptical tubular bodies, and place the tubular bodies irregularly into the built cylinder;

S63: deleting the built tubular body from the cylinder, so that the cylinder forms a network structure with cavities of different sizes;

S64: Create a sphere, flatten the sphere, align the oblate spheroid with the previous cylinder mesh structure, and delete the cylinder mesh to obtain the capillary network;

S65: Use the clone option to copy the capillary network, and arrange it along the main blood vessel to complete the establishment of the branch capillary network in the gill lamella;

S7: Creation of 3D model of fish gills:

S71: extract a gill filament model, delete the upper part of the gill filament model, and use the boundary option to seal;

S72: Copy the blood vessel of S53 and adjust it to a suitable position, create a spline, and adjust the data so that the small gill piece can wrap the blood vessel;

S73: Clone a certain number of small gill flake models, adjust the position of the small gill flake models along the direction of the blood vessels to fit the gill filament models, and obtain a small gill flake model.

S8: Import the above three-dimensional model into the 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combine it into a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue.

As a further solution of the present invention, the specific steps of said S12 are:

S121: Display the grid lines on the cylinder, and subdivide the grid lines by editing the data to facilitate the modification of subsequent graphics, so that the planes near the circular parts of the upper and lower bottom surfaces are closer to circular;

S122: Change the graphic into an editable polygon, select the option of vertices, select the appropriate vertices on the circular part of the upper and lower bottom of the cylinder, select the vertices that are symmetrical to the circular bottom to connect, use the same method to divide the vertices by 2-3 Connect two symmetrical points so that a near rectangle with a large difference in length and width appears on the circular plane. Use the same method to process the other bottom surface, and the lines connecting the selected points of the two planes must correspond one-to-one;

S123: Change the plane selection option, select all the planes contained in the near rectangular part of the upper and lower bottom surfaces and the connecting planes of the corresponding points of the two rectangles, including the upper and lower bottom surfaces and sides, delete them to obtain two semi-tubular empty shells, and convert them to the sides of the original cylinder , keep 1-2 rows of grids, and delete the other parts to form an empty shell figure with two thin and narrow semi-pipes.

As a further solution of the present invention, the specific steps of said S22 are:

S221: Build a cylinder next to the spline, increase the segment value appropriately, convert the graphic into an editable polygon, connect lines corresponding to the upper and lower bottom surfaces, and connect each to form a near triangle with rounded corners, that is, the triangle has no The apex instead has three arc-shaped tops;

S222: After the corresponding points on the upper and lower sides of the triangle included in the triangle are connected to each other, the selected area is deleted. If there is a hole phenomenon, the three holes are sealed one by one, and all the edges of the entire hole are selected for automatic sealing. Repeat the above operation to seal the three holes. The cavities are sealed respectively to form cylinders.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

In the present invention, by measuring the size of each tissue of fish gills, the three-dimensional model of each tissue of fish gills is established through 3Dmax software, and the obtained three-dimensional model is accurate and practical, and then each model is printed and combined into a teaching model by 3D printing technology, which is convenient teaching. At the same time, the use of the three-dimensional model of gill tissue as a building block model can not only exert the general function of building blocks, but also promote the realization of the role of building blocks in popular science.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the fish gills of the three-dimensional model of the fish gill tissue in the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of gill filament, gill lamella and gill filament main blood vessel in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of gill filament main vessel and capillary network in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional model of gill filament among the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional model of the gill filament part of the macroscopic shape of fish gills in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional model of the branchial arch part of the macroscopic shape of fish gills in the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional model of the gill raker part of the macroscopic shape of fish gills in the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the overall three-dimensional model of fish gills in the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the three-dimensional model of the main blood vessel of fish gill filaments in the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a partial three-dimensional model of gill filament main blood vessels and capillary network in the present invention;

Figure 11 is a three-dimensional model of the fish gill filament main blood vessel and gill small piece capillary network;

Fig. 12 is a three-dimensional model of gill flakes and gill filaments of fish gills.

In the picture:

1-Gill arch; 2-Gill filament; 3-Gill raker; 4-Vessel; 5-Gill filament main blood vessel; 6-Capillary network; 7-Gill lamella.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 1-3, the three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue, including: gill arch 1, gill filament 2, gill raker 3, blood vessel 4, gill filament main blood vessel 5, capillary network 6 and gill lamella 7, wherein: The gill filament 2 is a one-piece or multi-piece structure that is inserted into the gill arch 1; the gill raker 3 is a one-piece or multi-piece structure that is inserted into the concave surface of the gill arch 1; the blood vessel 4 is located inside the gill arch 1; The main blood vessel 5 of the gill filament is set in the gill filament 2 and plugged with the blood vessel 4; the capillary network 6 is regularly connected to the main blood vessel 5 of the gill filament, and the main blood vessel 5 of the gill filament passes through the through hole on the capillary network 6, and the capillary The vascular network 6 and the gill filament main blood vessel 5 are of an integrated structure; the small gill flakes 7 are regularly arranged on the gill filament 2 .

In addition, the present embodiment also provides a method for establishing a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue, including the following steps:

S0: Obtain and process fish gill samples, measure the size of each tissue of the gill body;

S1: Creation of the 3D model of the gill filament part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gill;

S2: Creation of the 3D model of the gill arch part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gill;

S3: Creation of a 3D model of the gill rakers in the macroscopic shape of fish gills;

S4: Creation of a 3D model of the macroscopic shape of fish gills;

S5: Creation of the 3D model of the main blood vessels of fish gill filaments;

S6: Creation of the 3D model of the branched capillary network in the gill slice of the fish;

S7: Creation of 3D model of fish gills;

S8: Import the above three-dimensional model into the 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combine it into a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue.

Specifically, the following steps are included

S0: Obtain and process fish gill samples, measure the size of each tissue of the gill body;

S1: Creation of the 3D model of the gill filament part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gills:

S11: Use Alt+W of the 3Dmax software to enlarge the perspective view to the entire page for easy drawing, and create a cylinder;

S12: Edit the above-mentioned cylinder into a hollow shell figure with two thin and narrow semi-pipes;

S121: Use fn+f4 to display the grid lines on the cylinder, and try to subdivide the grid lines by editing the data to facilitate the modification of subsequent graphics. In this embodiment, the radius is 20 and the height is 60. The cylinder figure, the height segment is set to 100, and the segment of the upper and lower bottom near the circular part is set to 50, so that the plane is closer to the circle;

S122: Change the right-click on the graph into an editable polygon, select the option of vertices, select the appropriate vertices in the circular part of the upper and lower bottom of the cylinder, press and hold ctrl to select the vertices that are symmetrical to the circular bottom to connect, and use the same method to divide the interval 2-3 symmetrical vertices are connected by two points, so that a near rectangle with a large difference in length and width appears on the circular plane. Use the same method to process the other bottom surface. Note that the line connecting the selected points of the two planes must be able to one-to-one correspondence;

S123: Change the plane selection option, select the upper and lower bottom near the rectangular part and all the planes included in the plane connected by the corresponding points of the two rectangles, including the upper and lower bottom and sides, delete with the Delete key, and get two semi-tubular empty shells, be careful not to delete the required You can press and hold Ctrl to make a continuous selection when selecting an area, or you can press and hold Alt to delete multiple selected parts when selecting an area. Press and hold Alt + wheel to switch to the side of the original cylinder, press and hold the left mouse button to reserve 1-2 horizontal grids in the rectangular selection area and delete the other parts. At this time, we can get a two narrow semi-tubular Shell graphics.

S13: Change the option to the vertex option, select the vertex and modify the position of the vertex through the translation option to make the graph closer to the shape of the gill filament. The shape of the gill filament is roughly like a wavy line with two bends and uneven curvature. Adjust the graph After the position of the vertex, deselect the vertex option, and use the stretch tool to elongate the entire graph to make it closer to the shape of the gill filament;

S14: Select the shell option in the work area to make the graph have a thickness, adjust the value of the shell according to the required graph thickness, zoom in on the graph with the scroll wheel, right-click the graph and convert it into an editable polygon, and delete the excess by selecting vertices and edges Vertex and edge of the gill filament, adjust the position of the vertex through the translation option to make the top of the gill filament appear like a willow leaf and make the gill filament more smooth as a whole. After the gill filament is established, adjust the direction of the gill filament to ensure that the gill filament model follows the function and The structure is that the blood entering the gills is hypoxic blood, and the blood exiting the gills is hyperoxic blood. When water flows through the gill flaps for gas exchange, the direction of water flow is opposite to the direction of blood flow in the small capillaries of the gills. Finally, the turbine smoothing tool is used to make the The graphics are more beautiful, right-click and use the clone option to copy the instance of the gill filament, as shown in Figure 4 and 5;

S2: Creation of the 3D model of the gill arch part of the macroscopic shape of the fish gills:

S21: Establish a spline according to the shape of the gill arch;

S22: building a cylinder model next to the spline;

S221: Create a cylinder next to the spline and assign a radius of 5 to any height. According to the previous method, increase the value of the segment appropriately, convert the graphic into an editable polygon, and use the option of selecting vertices to connect the upper and lower surfaces correspondingly. Near triangles each connected to form a rounded corner, that is, the triangle has no apex but three arc-shaped apexes;

S222: Use the surface selection tool to delete the surfaces other than the corresponding points on the sides, upper and lower surfaces included in the near triangle after connecting them to each other. At this time, there will be holes, and seal the three holes one by one. Select the boundary option and click the edge of the hole to automatically select all the edges of the hole, click the sealing option to automatically seal, repeat the above operation to seal the three holes separately. If the seal is uneven, check whether the connection vertices of the upper and lower bottom surfaces are in a corresponding relationship. If it is not a corresponding relationship, you need to re-select points to modify the graphics plane; if there is no error in the selected points, you need to involve the uneven plane. The vertices are connected one by one until the sealing reaches a flat effect;

S23: Assign the track of the spline line to the built cylinder, make the cylinder extend along the route of the track and finally achieve the effect of gill arch, and use turbo smoothing to make the picture more beautiful;

S24: Create two cylinders with a radius of 0.3 and the height is appropriate. Insert the two cylinders up and down into the two ends of the gill arch to represent the veins and arteries respectively, as shown in Figure 6;

S3: Creation of the 3D model of the gill rakers in the macroscopic shape of fish gills:

S31: Create a sphere with a radius of 5;

S32: Convert the above-mentioned sphere into an editable polygon, cut the sphere into a 1/8 hemisphere along the grid line of the sphere and the vertical line of the sphere and add a command to add a shell, try to fill in the value of the shell as large as possible, and convert the figure into an editable shape polygon;

S33: Use the point selection tool and the translation tool to delete the redundant vertices at the two tops of the hemisphere and modify the graphics, add the turbo smooth command to make the graphics smooth, and finally build gill rakers, as shown in Figure 7;

S4: Creation of the 3D model of the macroscopic shape of fish gills:

S41: Add gill filaments and gill rakers to the gill arch with the gill arch as the main body through the displacement tool;

S42: Continuously use the clone option to clone a large number of gill filaments and gill rakers, and adjust the size and position of each gill filament and gill raker with the zoom tool, rotation tool and displacement tool to complete the establishment of a single gill;

S43: You can select all its parts and then right-click in the display name column to create a group, which is convenient for copying the whole group. Merge the copied groups, that is, single-petal gills, to build a macroscopic model of the gills, as shown in the figure 8;

S5: Creation of the 3D model of the main blood vessels of fish gill filaments:

S51: first select the vertex to smooth and build a closed-loop spline, with an appropriate amount of vertices;

S52: Use the vertex selection tool to select the vertex you want to adjust, and then select the translation tool to adjust the position of the spline along the shape of the gill filament. If the distance between the spline and the gill filament is too far, you can first select the spline Line, and then select the alignment option to select gill filaments, and adjust the position of the spline;

S53: Click the option of applying rendering to three-dimensional graphics, select the appropriate value of rendering settings to make the spline have a columnar structure, as shown in Figure 9;

S6: Creation of the 3D model of the branched capillary network in the gill gills of the fish:

S61: Create a cylinder first, adjust the size and thickness of the cylinder against the gill filaments and the main body of the blood vessel, so that both blood vessels can pass through the cylinder;

S62: Create multiple tubular bodies of different sizes, use the telescopic tool to stretch the tubular body into an elliptical tubular body, and use the translation tool and rotation tool to irregularly place these tubular bodies into the built cylinder;

S63: Click on the cylinder to select the compound figure, use Super Boolean to select the previously built tubular body to be deleted from the cylinder, forming a network structure with holes of different sizes;

S64: Create another sphere, use the telescopic tool to flatten the sphere, align the oblate spheroid with the previous cylindrical mesh structure, use the same method to delete the cylindrical mesh using Super Boolean, and obtain a beautiful capillary network, use The noise option makes the vascular network more vivid, as shown in Figure 10;

S65: Use the clone option to copy the capillary network and place it along the main blood vessel. Use the rotation tool and the displacement tool to create two larger cylinders as the blood vessels in the gill arch, and place them in the blood vessel network. Finally, the establishment of the branch capillary network in the gill lamella is completed, as shown in Figure 11;

S7: Creation of 3D model of fish gills:

S71: First, extract a gill filament model from the gills, delete the upper part of the gill filament model, be careful not to select multiple or missed faces, use the boundary option to seal, and place the vertices involved in the plane in the uneven place Perform connection processing to achieve a smooth effect;

S72: Copy the blood vessel of S53 and adjust it to a suitable position, create a spline, adjust the vertices of the spline to a suitable position using the translation option, open the rendering and apply it to the 3D model view, select the rectangle rendering, and adjust the data so that the small gills can be Wrap blood vessels and use turbo smoothing to make the gill model smoother;

S73: Repeatedly use the cloning option to clone a certain number of gill patch models, use the rotation tool and translation tool to fit the gill filament model along the blood vessel direction to adjust the position of the gill patch model, and obtain a gill patch model, as shown in Figure 12.

S8: Import the above three-dimensional model into the 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing and combine it into a three-dimensional model of fish gill tissue.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, It also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent in the process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. Three-dimensional model of gill tissue, its characterized in that includes:

a gill bow (1);

the gill wire (2) is detachably connected with the arch surface of the gill bow (1);

the gill rake (3) is detachably connected with the concave surface of the gill bow (1);

a blood vessel (4) provided inside the gill bow (1);

the gill wire main vessel (5) is arranged in the gill wire (2) and is spliced with the vessel (4);

the capillary vessel net (6) is regularly connected to the gill wire main vessel (5), and the gill wire main vessel (5) penetrates through a through hole in the capillary vessel net (6);

and gill small pieces (7) regularly arranged on the gill wires (2).

2. The fish gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 1, characterized in that the gill wires (2) are of one-piece or multi-piece construction and are plugged into the gill arch (1).

3. The fish gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 1, characterised in that the gill rake (3) is in one or more pieces plugged into the gill arch (1).

4. The three-dimensional fish gill tissue model according to claim 1 is characterized in that the capillary network (6) and the gill wire main blood vessel (5) are of an integrated structure.

5. Method for establishing a three-dimensional fish gill tissue model, characterized in that the method for establishing a three-dimensional fish gill tissue model according to any one of claims 1-4 comprises the following steps:

s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;

s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance;

s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of the gill macroscopic appearance;

s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill;

s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance;

s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill wire of the fish;

s6: establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in the gill plate of the fish;

s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish;

s8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.

6. The method for establishing the fish gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;

s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance:

s11: establishing a cylinder through 3Dmax software;

s12: editing the cylinder into a hollow shell pattern with two narrow semicylindrical shapes;

s13: drawing the two thin semi-tubular hollow shell patterns into a shape close to the gill wire;

s14: the pattern of the S13 has thickness, so that the established gill wire model is smoother;

s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of the fish gill macroscopic appearance:

s21: establishing a sample line according to the shape of the gill bow;

s22: establishing a cylinder model beside the sample line;

s23: endowing the track of the sample line on the built cylinder body, and extending the cylinder body along the track to finally achieve the effect of the gill bow;

s24: establishing two cylinders which are inserted into two ends of a gill arch one above the other and respectively represent venous blood vessels and arterial blood vessels;

s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill:

s31: creating a sphere;

s32: converting the sphere into an editable polygon, and cutting the sphere into a 1/8 hemisphere adding shell along the vertical line of the grid line of the sphere;

s33: adding shells into 1/8 hemisphere to form gill rake;

s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance:

s41: adding the gill wires and the gill rake to the gill bow by using the gill bow as a main body through a displacement tool;

s42: continuously cloning a large number of gill filament and gill rake graphs by utilizing a cloning option, and adjusting the size and the position of each gill filament and gill rake through a scaling tool, a rotating tool and a displacement tool to complete the establishment of the single-petal gill;

s43: copying the single-petal gills to establish a macroscopic model of the gills;

s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill silk of the fish:

s51: establishing a closed loop sample line;

s52: adjusting the position of the sample line along the shape of the gill wire;

s53: the sample line has a columnar structure;

s6: the method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in a gill plate of the fish gill:

s61: firstly, establishing a cylinder, and adjusting the size and the thickness of the cylinder in comparison with gill wires and a blood vessel main body to enable two blood vessels to pass through the cylinder;

s62: building a plurality of tubular bodies with different sizes, elongating the tubular bodies into elliptical tubular bodies, and irregularly placing the tubular bodies in the built cylinder;

s63: deleting the built tubular body from the cylinder to enable the cylinder to form a net structure with cavities with different sizes;

s64: establishing a sphere, flattening the sphere, aligning the oblate sphere with the previous cylinder net structure, and deleting the cylinder net to obtain a capillary vessel net;

s65: copying a capillary vessel network by utilizing a clone option, and placing along a main blood vessel to complete the establishment of a branch capillary vessel network in the gill plate;

s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish:

s71: extracting a gill wire model, deleting the upper half part of the gill wire model, and sealing by using a boundary option;

s72: copying the blood vessel of S53, adjusting to a proper position, establishing a sample line, and adjusting data to enable the gill tablet to wrap the blood vessel;

s73: and cloning a certain number of gill chip models, and attaching the gill chip models along the trend of the blood vessels to adjust the positions of the gill chip models to obtain the gill chip models of the gill filaments.

S8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.

7. The method for establishing the gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 6, wherein the specific steps of S12 are as follows:

s121: displaying the grid lines on the cylinder, subdividing the grid lines through editing data to facilitate the modification of subsequent graphs, and enabling the planes of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface close to the edges of the circular part to be closer to a circle;

s122: changing the graph into an editable polygon, selecting a vertex option, selecting a proper vertex on the circular part of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylinder, selecting symmetrical vertices of the circular bottom surfaces for connection, connecting two points which are symmetrical at intervals of 2-3 vertices by using the same method, so that a nearly rectangle with a large difference in length and width appears on a circular plane, processing the other bottom surface by using the same method, and enabling lines of the points selected by the two planes to be in one-to-one correspondence;

s123: changing the plane selection option, selecting all planes contained by the upper and lower bottom surface near-rectangular parts and the two rectangular corresponding point connecting planes, including the upper and lower bottom surfaces and the side surfaces, deleting to obtain two semi-tubular empty shells, converting to the side surface of the original cylinder, reserving 1-2 horizontal grids, and deleting other parts to form an empty shell pattern with two narrow semi-tubular shapes.

8. The method for establishing the gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 6, wherein the step S22 comprises:

s221: establishing a cylinder beside the sample line, properly increasing the segment numerical value, converting the graph into an editable polygon, connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface correspondingly, and respectively connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface into a nearly triangle with a rounded corner, namely the triangle has no vertex but three arc-shaped top ends;

s222: and (3) deleting the corresponding points of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the side surface of the triangle to be connected with each other, selecting and deleting the other surfaces to generate a cavity phenomenon, sealing the three cavities one by one, selecting all edges of the whole cavity to automatically seal, and repeating the operation to respectively seal the three cavities to form the column.

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