CN115862448A - Three-dimensional fish gill tissue model and method for establishing same - Google Patents
Three-dimensional fish gill tissue model and method for establishing same Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013334 tissue model Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000002816 gill Anatomy 0.000 claims description 276
- 210000004943 gill filament Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010058490 Hyperoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000646858 Salix arbusculoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008571 general function Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fish gill tissue three-dimensional model and a method for establishing the same, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a gill bow; the gill wire is detachably connected with the arch surface of the gill bow; the gill rake is detachably connected with the concave surface of the gill bow; a blood vessel disposed inside the gill bow; the gill wire main blood vessel is arranged in the gill wire and is spliced with the blood vessel; the capillary vessel net is regularly connected to the gill wire main vessel, and the gill wire main vessel penetrates through a through hole in the capillary vessel net; and the gill slices are regularly arranged on the gill wires. According to the three-dimensional fish gill three-dimensional model building method, the size of each tissue of the fish gill is measured, the 3Dmax software is used for building the three-dimensional model of each tissue of the fish gill, the obtained three-dimensional model is accurate and practical, then the models are printed out through the 3D printing technology to be combined, the three-dimensional model building method can be used as a teaching model and is convenient to teach, and meanwhile the three-dimensional model building method can be used as a splicing building block toy and is used for science popularization education.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of models for teaching and building block models for science popularization education, in particular to a gill tissue three-dimensional model and a method for establishing the same.
Background
The fish gill is positioned at the rear part of the oropharyngeal cavity, the left side and the right side of the fish gill are distributed, and a plurality of gill bows are distributed on each side of the fish gill. The comb-shaped/lath-shaped protrusions regularly arranged perpendicular to the gill arch are called gill threads, a series of sheet-shaped tissues called gill flakes are closely arranged on the gill threads, numerous capillary vessels are densely distributed in the gill flakes, and the capillary vessels are only formed by a single layer of flat epithelial cells and are very favorable for gas exchange.
In the teaching, as the gill structure is complex, the gill threads and gill slices have small structures and cannot be seen by naked eyes, the existing gill teaching process can only be explained by means of plane pictures, the gill tissue structure cannot be embodied in detail, teaching demonstration is influenced, students are difficult to learn and understand, and the defects can be well overcome by establishing the model. In addition, the building block model has a non-negligible effect on the development of the three-dimensional thinking ability of the user, the three-dimensional gill tissue model used as the building block model can not only exert the general functions of the building block and develop the three-dimensional thinking ability of the user, but also have a good science popularization effect on gill tissue knowledge, and the interest of the user in deeply knowing related knowledge is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a gill three-dimensional model through 3Dmax software, combine the function of the gill, deeply understand the gill tissue structure from macro to micro step by step, explore the application of a 3D modeling technology in biological histology teaching, and print and combine the model into the three-dimensional model through a 3D printing technology, so that teachers can conveniently explain the gill tissue and students can conveniently understand the gill tissue in the teaching process. Meanwhile, the gill tissue three-dimensional model is used as a building block model, so that the universal function of the building block is exerted, and the realization of the science popularization effect of the building block can be promoted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the three-dimensional model of gill tissue includes:
a gill bow;
the gill wire is detachably connected with the arch surface of the gill bow;
the gill rake is detachably connected with the concave surface of the gill bow;
a blood vessel disposed inside the gill bow;
the gill wire main blood vessel is arranged in the gill wire and is spliced with the blood vessel;
the capillary vessel net is regularly connected to the gill silk main vessel, and the gill silk main vessel penetrates through a through hole in the capillary vessel net;
and gill pieces are regularly arranged on the gill wires.
In a further aspect of the invention, the gill wire is in a one-piece or multi-piece structure and is inserted into the gill bow.
As a further aspect of the invention, the gill rake is in one-piece or multi-piece construction with a gill bow.
As a further scheme of the invention, the capillary vessel net and the branchial silk main vessel are of an integrated structure.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for establishing the three-dimensional fish gill tissue model, and the method for establishing the three-dimensional fish gill tissue model comprises the following steps:
s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance;
s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of the gill macroscopic appearance;
s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill;
s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance;
s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill wire of the fish;
s6: establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in the gill plate of the fish;
s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish;
s8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.
As a further scheme of the invention, the method comprises the following specific steps:
s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of the fish gill macroscopic appearance:
s11: establishing a cylinder through 3Dmax software;
s12: editing the cylinder into a hollow shell pattern with two narrow semicylindrical shapes;
s13: drawing the two thin semi-tubular hollow shell patterns into a shape close to the gill wire;
s14: the pattern of S13 has thickness, so that the established gill wire model is smoother;
s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of a gill macroscopic appearance:
s21: establishing a sample line according to the shape of the gill bow;
s22: establishing a cylinder model beside the sample line;
s23: endowing the track of the sample line on the built cylinder body, and extending the cylinder body along the track to finally achieve the effect of the gill bow;
s24: establishing two cylinders inserted into two ends of the gill arch one above the other to respectively represent venous blood vessels and arterial blood vessels;
s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill:
s31: creating a sphere;
s32: converting the sphere into an editable polygon, and cutting the sphere into a 1/8 hemisphere additional shell along the grid line of the sphere;
s33: adding shells into 1/8 hemisphere to form gill rake;
s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance:
s41: adding the gill wires and the gill rake to the gill bow by using the gill bow as a main body through a displacement tool;
s42: continuously cloning a large number of gill filament and gill rake graphs by utilizing a cloning option, and adjusting the size and the position of each gill filament and gill rake through a scaling tool, a rotating tool and a displacement tool to complete the establishment of the single-petal gill;
s43: copying the single-petal gills to establish a macroscopic model of the gills;
s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill silk of the fish:
s51: establishing a closed loop sample line;
s52: adjusting the position of the sample line along the shape of the gill wire;
s53: the sample line has a columnar structure;
s6: the method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in a gill plate of the fish gill:
s61: firstly, establishing a cylinder, and adjusting the size and the thickness of the cylinder in comparison with gill wires and a blood vessel main body to enable two blood vessels to pass through the cylinder;
s62: building a plurality of tubular bodies with different sizes, elongating the tubular bodies into elliptical tubular bodies, and irregularly placing the tubular bodies in the built cylinder;
s63: deleting the built tubular body from the cylinder to enable the cylinder to form a net structure with cavities with different sizes;
s64: establishing a sphere, flattening the sphere, aligning the oblate sphere with the previous cylinder net structure, and deleting the cylinder net to obtain a capillary vessel net;
s65: copying a capillary vessel network by utilizing a clone option, and placing along a main blood vessel to complete the establishment of a branch capillary vessel network in the gill plate;
s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish:
s71: extracting a gill wire model, deleting the upper half part of the gill wire model, and sealing by using a boundary option;
s72: copying the blood vessel of S53, adjusting to a proper position, establishing a sample line, and adjusting data to enable the gill tablet to wrap the blood vessel;
s73: cloning a certain number of gill piece models, and attaching the gill piece models along the trend of the blood vessels to adjust the positions of the gill piece models to obtain the gill piece models.
S8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.
As a further scheme of the present invention, the specific steps of S12 are:
s121: displaying the grid lines on the cylinder, subdividing the grid lines through editing data to facilitate the modification of subsequent graphs, and enabling the planes of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface close to the edges of the circular part to be closer to a circle;
s122: changing the graph into an editable polygon, selecting a vertex option, selecting a proper vertex on the circular part of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylinder, selecting symmetrical vertices of the circular bottom surfaces for connection, connecting two points which are symmetrical at intervals of 2-3 vertices by using the same method, so that a nearly rectangle with a large difference in length and width appears on a circular plane, processing the other bottom surface by using the same method, and enabling lines of the points selected by the two planes to be in one-to-one correspondence;
s123: changing the plane selection option, selecting all planes contained by the upper and lower bottom surface near-rectangular parts and the two rectangular corresponding point connecting planes, including the upper and lower bottom surfaces and the side surfaces, deleting to obtain two semi-tubular empty shells, converting to the side surface of the original cylinder, reserving 1-2 horizontal grids, and deleting other parts to form an empty shell pattern with two narrow semi-tubular shapes.
As a further scheme of the present invention, the specific steps of S22 are:
s221: establishing a cylinder beside the sample line, properly increasing the segment numerical value, converting the graph into an editable polygon, connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface correspondingly, and respectively connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface into a nearly triangle with a rounded corner, namely the triangle has no vertex but three arc-shaped top ends;
s222: and (3) deleting the corresponding points of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the side surface of the triangle to be connected with each other, selecting and deleting the other surfaces to generate a cavity phenomenon, sealing the three cavities one by one, selecting all edges of the whole cavity to automatically seal, and repeating the operation to respectively seal the three cavities to form the column.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the three-dimensional fish gill three-dimensional model building method, the size of each tissue of the fish gill is measured, the 3Dmax software is used for building the three-dimensional model of each tissue of the fish gill, the obtained three-dimensional model is accurate and practical, and then each model is printed and combined into the teaching model through the 3D printing technology, so that teaching is facilitated. Meanwhile, the gill tissue three-dimensional model is used as a building block model, so that the universal function of the building block is exerted, and the realization of the science popularization effect of the building block can be promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall view of gills of a three-dimensional model of gill tissue according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the gill wire, gill plate and gill wire main vessel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the branchial filaments and the capillary network of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional model of the gill wire of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill with a macroscopic appearance;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional model of the gill arch part of the fish gill macroscopic appearance in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part in a fish gill macroscopic appearance;
FIG. 8 is an overall three-dimensional model of the gill of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional model of the major blood vessels of the gill wire of the fish of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a partial three-dimensional model of the branchial filaments main vessels and capillary network of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional model of a fish gill silk main blood vessel and gill small piece capillary network;
fig. 12 is a three-dimensional model of gill chips and gill threads of fish.
In the figure:
1-gill bow; 2-gill filaments; 3-gill raking; 4-blood vessels; 5-branchia filaments main blood vessels; 6-capillary network; 7-gill tablet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a three-dimensional model of gill tissue includes: gill bow 1, gill silk 2, gill rake 3, blood vessel 4, gill silk owner blood vessel 5, capillary vessel net 6 and gill chip 7, wherein: the branchial filaments 2 are in a one-piece or multi-piece structure and are spliced with the branchial bow 1; the gill rake 3 is in a one-piece or multi-piece structure and is inserted with the concave surface of the gill bow 1; the blood vessel 4 is arranged inside the gill bow 1; the gill wire main blood vessel 5 is arranged in the gill wire 2 and is spliced with the blood vessel 4; the capillary vessel network 6 is regularly connected to the gill wire main vessel 5, the gill wire main vessel 5 penetrates through a through hole on the capillary vessel network 6, and the capillary vessel network 6 and the gill wire main vessel 5 are of an integrated structure; the gill pieces 7 are regularly arranged on the gill wires 2.
In addition, the embodiment also provides a method for establishing the three-dimensional model of the gill tissue, which comprises the following steps:
s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance;
s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of the gill macroscopic appearance;
s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill;
s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance;
s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill wire of the fish;
s6: establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in the gill plate of the fish;
s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish;
s8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps
S0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance:
s11: the perspective view is enlarged to the whole page through Alt + W of 3Dmax software to facilitate drawing, and a cylinder is established;
s12: editing the cylinder into a hollow shell pattern with two narrow semicylindrical shapes;
s121: displaying the grid lines on the cylinder through fn + f4, subdividing the grid lines as much as possible through editing data to facilitate the modification of subsequent graphs, wherein the initial graph is established and selected in the embodiment as a cylinder graph with the radius of 20 and the height of 60, the height section is set to be 100, and the section of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface close to the edge of the circular part is set to be 50, so that the plane is closer to the circle;
s122: right clicking a graph to form an editable polygon, selecting a vertex option, selecting a proper vertex on circular parts of upper and lower bottom surfaces of a cylinder, pressing ctrl to select symmetrical vertexes of the circular bottom surfaces for connection, connecting two symmetrical points at intervals of 2-3 vertexes by using the same method, enabling a nearly rectangle with a large difference in length and width to appear on a circular plane, processing the other bottom surface by using the same method, and paying attention to the fact that lines connecting the points selected by the two planes can be in one-to-one correspondence;
s123: changing plane selection area options, selecting all planes contained by upper and lower bottom surface near-rectangular parts and two rectangular corresponding point connecting planes, including upper and lower bottom surfaces and side surfaces, deleting by a Delete key to obtain two semi-tubular empty shells, paying attention to not Delete required parts or missing, continuously selecting areas by pressing Ctrl during area selection, and deleting multi-selected parts during area selection by pressing Alt. Pressing an Alt + pulley to the side face of an original cylinder, pressing a left mouse button, reserving 1-2 horizontal grids in a rectangular selection area, and deleting the rest part Delete, so that a hollow shell graph with two narrow semi-tubular shapes can be obtained.
S13: changing the option into a vertex option again, selecting a vertex to modify the position of the vertex by translating the option to enable the shape of the graph to be closer to the gill wire, enabling the gill wire to be approximately like a wave line with two bends and uneven bending degree, canceling the option of selecting the vertex after the position of the vertex of the graph is adjusted, and integrally elongating the whole graph by a stretching tool to enable the whole graph to be closer to the shape of the gill wire;
s14: selecting a shell option in a working area to enable a graph to have thickness, adjusting the value of the shell according to the required graph thickness, amplifying the graph by a roller to convert a right key of the graph into an editable polygon, deleting redundant top points and sides by selecting the top points and the selected sides, adjusting the top points by translating options to enable the top ends of gill threads to be in a willow leaf shape and enable the gill threads to be smooth integrally, adjusting the direction of the gill threads after the gill threads are established, ensuring that the gill thread model conforms to the function and the structure of the gill, namely blood entering the gill is anoxic blood, blood leaving the gill is hyperoxia blood, when water flows through the gill flaps for gas exchange, the direction of the water flow is opposite to the direction of blood flowing in the gill small capillary, finally enabling the graph to be more attractive by using a turbine smoothing tool, and copying the gill threads by using a cloning option as an example by using a right key, as shown in figures 4 and 5;
s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of a gill macroscopic appearance:
s21: establishing a sample line according to the shape of the gill bow;
s22: establishing a cylinder model beside the sample line;
s221: establishing a cylinder beside a sample line, wherein the assigned radius of the cylinder is 5, the height is arbitrary, increasing the segmented numerical value appropriately according to the previous method, converting the graph into an editable polygon, and connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface correspondingly by using a vertex selection option to form a nearly triangle with a round angle, namely the triangle has no vertex but three arc-shaped top ends;
s222: and (3) deleting the other surfaces except the surfaces after the corresponding points of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the side surface included in the approximate triangle are connected by using a surface selection tool, so that the phenomenon of cavities occurs, and the three cavities are sealed one by one. And clicking the edge of the hole by selecting the boundary option, automatically selecting all the edges of the whole hole, clicking the sealing option to automatically seal, and repeating the operations to respectively seal the three holes. If the seal is not flat, checking whether the connection vertex of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface is in a corresponding relation, and if not, reselecting points to modify the deleted surface of the graphic plane; if no error occurs in the point selection, the vertexes related to the uneven plane need to be connected one by one until the seal achieves the flat effect;
s23: the track of the sample line is given to the built column body, so that the column body extends along the track to finally achieve the effect of the gill arch, and the picture is more attractive by utilizing the smoothness of the turbine;
s24: two cylinders with radius of 0.3 are created, the height is proper, and the two cylinders are inserted into two ends of the gill arch one above the other to respectively represent vein blood vessels and artery blood vessels, as shown in fig. 6;
s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill:
s31: creating a sphere with a radius of 5;
s32: converting the sphere into an editable polygon, cutting the sphere into a command of adding a shell in a 1/8 hemisphere along the vertical line of the grid line of the sphere, filling the value of the shell to the greatest extent, and converting the graph into the editable polygon;
s33: deleting redundant top points at the two top ends of the hemisphere by using a point selection tool and a translation tool, trimming the graph, adding a turbine smoothing command to smooth the graph, and finally building the gill rake, wherein the view is as shown in fig. 7;
s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance:
s41: adding the gill wires and the gill rake to the gill bow by using the gill bow as a main body through a displacement tool;
s42: continuously cloning a large number of gill filament and gill rake graphs by utilizing a cloning option, and adjusting the size and the position of each gill filament and gill rake through a scaling tool, a rotating tool and a displacement tool to complete the establishment of the single-petal gill;
s43: all parts of the gills can be selected and then a small group is established on the right key in a column displaying names, so that the whole small group is conveniently copied, and a plurality of copied small groups, namely single-petal gills, are combined together to establish a macroscopic model of the gills, as shown in fig. 8;
s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill silk of the fish:
s51: firstly, selecting a vertex to smoothly establish a closed loop sample line, wherein the vertex is proper;
s52: selecting a top point to be adjusted by using a top point selecting tool, then selecting a translation tool to adjust the position of a sample line along the shape of the gill wire, if the sample line is too far away from the gill wire, selecting the sample line first, then selecting an alignment option to select the gill wire, and adjusting the position of the sample line;
s53: clicking an option of applying rendering to the three-dimensional stereo graph, selecting rendering and setting a proper numerical value to enable the spline to have a columnar structure, as shown in fig. 9;
s6: the method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in a gill plate of the fish gill:
s61: firstly, establishing a cylinder, and adjusting the size and the thickness of the cylinder in comparison with gill wires and a blood vessel main body to enable two blood vessels to pass through the cylinder;
s62: building a plurality of tubular bodies with different sizes, elongating the tubular bodies into elliptical tubular bodies by using a telescopic tool, and irregularly placing the tubular bodies into the built cylinder by using a translation tool and a rotation tool;
s63: clicking the cylinder to select the composite graph, and deleting the built tubular body from the cylinder by using super Boolean to form a mesh structure with cavities of different sizes;
s64: establishing a sphere, flattening the sphere by using a telescopic tool, aligning the oblate sphere with the previous cylinder net structure, deleting the cylinder net by using super Boolean in the same method to obtain an attractive capillary vessel net, and enabling the vessel net to be more vivid by using a noise option, as shown in figure 10;
s65: copying and placing the capillary vessel network along the main blood vessel by using a cloning option, establishing two larger cylinders as blood vessels in the gill arch by using a rotating tool and a displacement tool, placing the two larger cylinders into the blood vessel network, and finally completing the establishment of the branch capillary vessel network in the gill patch, as shown in fig. 11;
s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish:
s71: firstly, extracting a gill wire model from gills, deleting the upper half part of the gill wire model, sealing by using boundary options without selecting more or missing the selection surface, and connecting the top points related to the planes in uneven places to achieve the effect of leveling;
s72: copying the blood vessel of S53 and adjusting to a proper position, establishing a sample line, adjusting the vertex of the sample line to a proper position by using a translation option, opening rendering and applying the rendering to a three-dimensional model view, selecting rectangular rendering, adjusting data to enable the gill patch to wrap the blood vessel, and using turbine smoothness to enable the gill patch model to be smoother;
s73: and cloning a certain number of gill plate models by repeatedly using the cloning option, and attaching the gill plate models along the direction of the blood vessel by using a rotating tool and a translating tool to adjust the positions of the gill plate models to obtain the gill plate models of the gills, as shown in fig. 12.
S8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting, performing 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into a fish gill tissue three-dimensional model.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. Three-dimensional model of gill tissue, its characterized in that includes:
a gill bow (1);
the gill wire (2) is detachably connected with the arch surface of the gill bow (1);
the gill rake (3) is detachably connected with the concave surface of the gill bow (1);
a blood vessel (4) provided inside the gill bow (1);
the gill wire main vessel (5) is arranged in the gill wire (2) and is spliced with the vessel (4);
the capillary vessel net (6) is regularly connected to the gill wire main vessel (5), and the gill wire main vessel (5) penetrates through a through hole in the capillary vessel net (6);
and gill small pieces (7) regularly arranged on the gill wires (2).
2. The fish gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 1, characterized in that the gill wires (2) are of one-piece or multi-piece construction and are plugged into the gill arch (1).
3. The fish gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 1, characterised in that the gill rake (3) is in one or more pieces plugged into the gill arch (1).
4. The three-dimensional fish gill tissue model according to claim 1 is characterized in that the capillary network (6) and the gill wire main blood vessel (5) are of an integrated structure.
5. Method for establishing a three-dimensional fish gill tissue model, characterized in that the method for establishing a three-dimensional fish gill tissue model according to any one of claims 1-4 comprises the following steps:
s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance;
s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of the gill macroscopic appearance;
s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill;
s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance;
s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill wire of the fish;
s6: establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in the gill plate of the fish;
s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish;
s8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.
6. The method for establishing the fish gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s0: obtaining and processing a fish gill sample, and measuring the size of each tissue of the gill body;
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill filament part of a fish gill macroscopic appearance:
s11: establishing a cylinder through 3Dmax software;
s12: editing the cylinder into a hollow shell pattern with two narrow semicylindrical shapes;
s13: drawing the two thin semi-tubular hollow shell patterns into a shape close to the gill wire;
s14: the pattern of the S13 has thickness, so that the established gill wire model is smoother;
s2: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill arch part of the fish gill macroscopic appearance:
s21: establishing a sample line according to the shape of the gill bow;
s22: establishing a cylinder model beside the sample line;
s23: endowing the track of the sample line on the built cylinder body, and extending the cylinder body along the track to finally achieve the effect of the gill bow;
s24: establishing two cylinders which are inserted into two ends of a gill arch one above the other and respectively represent venous blood vessels and arterial blood vessels;
s3: establishing a three-dimensional model of a gill rake part with a macroscopic appearance of the gill:
s31: creating a sphere;
s32: converting the sphere into an editable polygon, and cutting the sphere into a 1/8 hemisphere adding shell along the vertical line of the grid line of the sphere;
s33: adding shells into 1/8 hemisphere to form gill rake;
s4: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill macroscopic appearance:
s41: adding the gill wires and the gill rake to the gill bow by using the gill bow as a main body through a displacement tool;
s42: continuously cloning a large number of gill filament and gill rake graphs by utilizing a cloning option, and adjusting the size and the position of each gill filament and gill rake through a scaling tool, a rotating tool and a displacement tool to complete the establishment of the single-petal gill;
s43: copying the single-petal gills to establish a macroscopic model of the gills;
s5: establishing a three-dimensional model of a main blood vessel part of the gill silk of the fish:
s51: establishing a closed loop sample line;
s52: adjusting the position of the sample line along the shape of the gill wire;
s53: the sample line has a columnar structure;
s6: the method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a three-dimensional model of a branch capillary network part in a gill plate of the fish gill:
s61: firstly, establishing a cylinder, and adjusting the size and the thickness of the cylinder in comparison with gill wires and a blood vessel main body to enable two blood vessels to pass through the cylinder;
s62: building a plurality of tubular bodies with different sizes, elongating the tubular bodies into elliptical tubular bodies, and irregularly placing the tubular bodies in the built cylinder;
s63: deleting the built tubular body from the cylinder to enable the cylinder to form a net structure with cavities with different sizes;
s64: establishing a sphere, flattening the sphere, aligning the oblate sphere with the previous cylinder net structure, and deleting the cylinder net to obtain a capillary vessel net;
s65: copying a capillary vessel network by utilizing a clone option, and placing along a main blood vessel to complete the establishment of a branch capillary vessel network in the gill plate;
s7: establishing a three-dimensional model of the gill slices of the fish:
s71: extracting a gill wire model, deleting the upper half part of the gill wire model, and sealing by using a boundary option;
s72: copying the blood vessel of S53, adjusting to a proper position, establishing a sample line, and adjusting data to enable the gill tablet to wrap the blood vessel;
s73: and cloning a certain number of gill chip models, and attaching the gill chip models along the trend of the blood vessels to adjust the positions of the gill chip models to obtain the gill chip models of the gill filaments.
S8: and importing the three-dimensional model into 3D printing preparation software for code generation and printing parameter setting for 3D printing, and combining the three-dimensional model into the gill tissue three-dimensional model.
7. The method for establishing the gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 6, wherein the specific steps of S12 are as follows:
s121: displaying the grid lines on the cylinder, subdividing the grid lines through editing data to facilitate the modification of subsequent graphs, and enabling the planes of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface close to the edges of the circular part to be closer to a circle;
s122: changing the graph into an editable polygon, selecting a vertex option, selecting a proper vertex on the circular part of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylinder, selecting symmetrical vertices of the circular bottom surfaces for connection, connecting two points which are symmetrical at intervals of 2-3 vertices by using the same method, so that a nearly rectangle with a large difference in length and width appears on a circular plane, processing the other bottom surface by using the same method, and enabling lines of the points selected by the two planes to be in one-to-one correspondence;
s123: changing the plane selection option, selecting all planes contained by the upper and lower bottom surface near-rectangular parts and the two rectangular corresponding point connecting planes, including the upper and lower bottom surfaces and the side surfaces, deleting to obtain two semi-tubular empty shells, converting to the side surface of the original cylinder, reserving 1-2 horizontal grids, and deleting other parts to form an empty shell pattern with two narrow semi-tubular shapes.
8. The method for establishing the gill tissue three-dimensional model according to claim 6, wherein the step S22 comprises:
s221: establishing a cylinder beside the sample line, properly increasing the segment numerical value, converting the graph into an editable polygon, connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface correspondingly, and respectively connecting the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface into a nearly triangle with a rounded corner, namely the triangle has no vertex but three arc-shaped top ends;
s222: and (3) deleting the corresponding points of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the side surface of the triangle to be connected with each other, selecting and deleting the other surfaces to generate a cavity phenomenon, sealing the three cavities one by one, selecting all edges of the whole cavity to automatically seal, and repeating the operation to respectively seal the three cavities to form the column.
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| US20220040894A1 (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Ballistic gel fish model with impact sensing |
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