CN115857029A - Microwave beam 'virtual drilling' technology suitable for deep fast detection - Google Patents
Microwave beam 'virtual drilling' technology suitable for deep fast detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro-beam 'virtual drill' system suitable for deep fast detection, which obtains substance characteristic energy response- (energy log curve) of different depths at a certain drilling point, characteristic frequency response- (frequency log curve) and dielectric response (dielectric constant log curve) of a substance in a layer by processing and analyzing a return signal of a micro-beam, and can objectively reflect the conditions of underground layered geological structures and material compositions by comparing, analyzing and statistically evaluating the substance characteristic frequency response- (frequency log curve) and the dielectric response (dielectric constant log curve) with corresponding parameters in a standard material fingerprint library of different material templates established in advance so as to replace solid drilling core checking and analyzing. The method can greatly reduce the exploration cost and greatly improve the efficiency. Is an innovative breakthrough of rapid deep prospecting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a virtual drilling (software system) technology in the field of geophysical exploration, belongs to cross-boundary fusion, and is particularly suitable for being matched with a microwave beam detection system for deep-ground rapid detection.
Background
Geological exploration is the research and research work on geological conditions such as demonstration, stratum and structure in a certain area, and the most core target pursued by exploration technology is to achieve the highest resolution capability in the maximum depth range. In the existing method, the parameter of the drill core test is used as the most core basis of the geological report and is the final judgment standard. Drilling therefore plays an indispensable role in all existing exploration methods. However, it also has inevitable drawbacks: (1) The drilling method adopts alloy drilling and steel grain drilling with high cost (the cost of 1 oil and gas exploration deep hole of thousands of meters often or even hundreds of millions), and a coring process; (2) Low efficiency (only 7 boreholes were drilled between 11 years for oil and gas exploration in the Xinjiang area of a country and a company); and (3) the drilling process is complex, and the requirement on professional level is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, deeper penetration into the subsurface and higher vertical resolution are achieved by creating and using coherently focused microwave beams to probe the depth of the earth based on a comprehensive improvement to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The novel coherent microwave beam technology is faster, more environment-friendly and more economical, and is an alternative method for providing the traditional method of geophysical service. The invention develops a virtual drill software system suitable for analyzing and processing coherent focusing microwave beam echo data for matching with the hardware.
The invention uses a special program to calculate, analyze and interpret the underground information carried in the microwave beam echo. He makes accurate geological structure determination and identification of rock types from each subsurface rock layer by means of inter-layer reflection and in-layer resonance absorption from each rock layer. Through analytical calculations, the "virtual drill" system, like the physical drill, provides data in the following respects: (1) stratigraphic structures (e.g., seismic images); (2) information about rock properties (e.g., logging); and (3) petrology (such as rock core). It analytically probes the dielectric constant of the subsurface (a); (b) The spectra (energy, frequency and phase) and (c) are from resonance of various stratified materials in the subsurface without the need to physically drill the hole in the surface. The probing produces what is referred to as a "virtual borehole".
The invention provides a micro-beam 'virtual drill' detection method suitable for deep rapid detection, which comprises the following steps:
transmitting the bundled microwave signal into the subsurface using a transmitter; detecting the return signal with a receiver after the transmitted signal interacts with the subsurface contour feature for imaging the subsurface contour;
calculating one or more spectra of the return signal, the one or more spectra, an energy spectrum, a phase spectrum, to determine a characteristic energy-frequency characteristic, a phase-energy characteristic, and/or an energy-frequency characteristic of one or more layers of the subsurface; and comparing the determined characteristics of the one or more layers to a database of equivalent characteristics of known materials to determine the composition of the one or more layers in the subsurface.
Optionally, obtaining a profile image by performing a profile scan of the subsurface; the contour scanning comprises repeating the transmitting and detecting steps at a plurality of different locations on the ground, the transmitter and receiver being maintained at a set spacing in each case.
Optionally, by further scanning, to obtain depth information of the profile image of the subsurface.
Optionally, the further scanning comprises wide angle reflective and refractive scanning, comprising repeating the emitting and detecting steps at a plurality of locations on the ground, each repetition being performed by one of the emitter and emitter remaining stationary, the other moving continuously.
Optionally, ray tracing and/or dynamic correction algorithms are used to obtain each formation depth of the profile image, and subsurface features are given depth information only when the two algorithms are decorrelated.
Optionally, the calculating step comprises obtaining a phase-frequency spectrum based on the phase change in the frequency domain of the returned signal after the fast fourier transform, FFT, thus obtaining a characteristic phase-frequency characteristic.
Optionally, the computing step provides for obtaining an energy-spectrum and a phase-spectrum by a segmented fourier transform and wavelet analysis algorithm to determine energy-frequency characteristics, and phase-frequency characteristics, of the subsurface layers.
Alternatively, the depth information of each layer and the echo time information can be obtained, then the speed of the microwave passing through each layer can be calculated, and then the dielectric constant of the layer can be calculated.
Optionally, obtaining the permittivity of the particular subsurface layer comprises performing a matching operation in which each determined permittivity signature is compared to a standard material permittivity database equivalent signature, thereby determining the material properties of the particular subsurface layer.
Optionally, the method comprises a set of specific logs capable of displaying echo signal frequency and a set of specific logs displaying echo signal energy.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a microwave beam virtual drilling system suitable for deep ground fast exploration, comprising a receiver for transmitting a bundled microwave signal to an underground transmitter, for detecting a return signal and imaging the underground profile after the transmitted signal interacts with the underground profile features, a signal calculation unit for determining the composition of one or more layers of the underground to perform the method suitable for deep ground fast exploration as described above.
The microwave beam 'virtual drill' system suitable for deep fast detection analyzes and processes echo signals by transmitting coherent focused microwave beams to the underground to determine geological structures of different underground layers and different material attributes, and extracts real core results after mechanical drilling under the condition of meeting certain precision. Based on the present invention, broadband narrow beam pulses can be delivered to the surface and underground in a non-intrusive manner, and the signals returned from the underground structure are detected to identify the upper and lower boundaries of each layer, and after the inter-layer beam velocity and average dielectric constant of the material in each layer is determined, the layer and type of the underground geological material can be accurately determined.
To the detection of resonant energy responses to the energy, frequency and phase relationships of natural or synthetic materials under narrow beam microwave action. The accuracy of the detection depends on the unique eigenfrequency and energy bandwidth response behavior of the material to be detected. The "virtual drill" software system can explore at a very wide level in time and space. The time range can be from a few seconds to femtoseconds and the spatial range can be from meters to nanometers.
Drawings
Various additional advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a general flow chart of an actual implementation of the system according to the invention for performing an analysis method;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a profile SCAN (P-SCAN) mode for performing return signal measurements in accordance with a practical implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a scanning method using the Wide Angle catadioptric scanning method (WARR) when performing return signal measurements in accordance with the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a partial data processing unit flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the average velocity and dielectric constant of each sub-layer according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a microbeam virtual drill in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating energy-logging and frequency-logging applications in a practical implementation of a "virtual drill" suite software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a microwave beam "virtual drill" system and method suitable for deep ground fast exploration, comprising a receiver for transmitting a bundled microwave signal to an underground transmitter, for detecting a return signal and imaging the subsurface contour after interaction of the transmitted signal with subsurface contour features, and a signal calculation unit for determining the composition of one or more layers of the subsurface.
As shown in fig. 1, the process of performing analysis by the microwave beam "virtual drill" system suitable for deep fast probing according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: transmitting the bundled microwave signal into the subsurface using a transmitter; detecting the return signal with a receiver after the transmitted signal interacts with the subsurface contour feature for imaging the subsurface contour; calculating one or more spectra of the return signal, the one or more spectra, an energy spectrum, a phase spectrum, to determine a characteristic energy-frequency characteristic, a phase-energy characteristic, and/or an energy-frequency characteristic of one or more layers of the subsurface; and comparing the determined characteristics of the one or more layers to a database of equivalent characteristics of known materials to determine the composition of the one or more layers of the subsurface. Wherein the calculating step comprises obtaining a phase-frequency spectrum based on the phase change in the frequency domain of the returned signal after a fast Fourier transform, FFT, thereby obtaining a characteristic phase-frequency characteristic. The calculating step provides energy-frequency and phase-frequency spectra obtained by segmented Fourier transform and wavelet analysis algorithms to determine energy-frequency characteristics, and phase-frequency characteristics, of the subsurface layers.
In some embodiments, the profile image is obtained by performing a profile scan of the subsurface; the profile scanning consists in repeating the sending and detecting steps at a plurality of different points on the ground, in each case the transmitter and receiver being kept at a set spacing, as shown in fig. 2, the actual implementation being carried out in a profile scanning (P-SCAN) mode, i.e. with equal spacing of the transmitting-receiving ends, with simultaneous shifting of the scanning, tx being the transmitting end and Rx being the receiving end, with simultaneous shifting to the right at a fixed distance.
Further, the subsurface may be further scanned to obtain depth information for the contour image of the subsurface.
The further scanning comprises wide-angle reflection and refraction scanning (as shown in fig. 3), fig. 3 showing a wide-angle reflection and refraction scanning method (WARR) scanning mode in which the receiving end is fixed and the transmitting end is moved when performing the return signal measurement, or conversely, fig. 3 showing a situation in which the transmitting end is moved, comprising repeating the transmitting and detecting steps at a plurality of locations on the ground, each repetition being performed by one of the transmitter and the transmitter remaining stationary and the other moving continuously. The depth of each of the formations of the profile image is obtained using ray tracing and/or dynamic correction algorithms, and subsurface features are given depth information only when the two algorithms are decorrelated. After the depth information of each layer and the echo time information are obtained, the speed of the microwave passing through each layer can be calculated, and then the dielectric constant of the layer can be calculated. Having obtained the permittivity of a particular subsurface layer, includes performing a matching operation in which each determined permittivity signature is compared to a standard material permittivity database equivalent signature, thereby determining the material properties of the particular subsurface layer.
In some embodiments, the receiving control unit collects the signals from the polarized receiving antenna and converts them into signals that can be read and stored on a data recording computer for analysis and interpretation of the subsurface information by a specific program.
The core of the "virtual drill" data processing suite is based on time domain and frequency domain processing and attribute analysis performed on echo signals, and fig. 4 shows implementation steps of a virtual drill software data analysis processing flow, which are specifically implemented as follows:
1. obtaining a return signal (as shown in fig. 3) after Wide Angle reflection and refraction scanning of wave Angle reflection and reflection, applying Ray Tracing (Ray-Tracing) and NMO (mobile correction) algorithms to convert the return time value of the echo signal into a corresponding depth value, and calculating the instantaneous speed of each underground layer and the dielectric constant of each layer (as shown in fig. 5), thereby deriving one or more groups of dielectric constant logs; for comparison and statistical evaluation with the dielectric constant templates of the standard material library.
The echo time and instantaneous frequency of each reflection slice can be found by segmented FFT fast fourier computation.
According to ray tracing and dynamic correction algorithm, the instantaneous speed of the microwave beam in each layer and the corresponding depth of each layer can be obtained, and then according to the following formula:
V＝c/(ε r-bilk ) 0.5
can calculate epsilon of each underground layer r-bulk Is the dielectric constant of each layer. Where V is the instantaneous velocity of each layer and C isSpeed of light,. Epsilon r-bulk Is the dielectric constant of each layer.
2. And calculating and displaying a plurality of groups of characteristic frequency responses and characteristic energy responses of the underground layered return signals by applying a segmented FFT and wavelet analysis algorithm. In order to mathematically and statistically evaluate the echo signal transit time and space (distance) and signal energy (amplitude) properties, the "virtual drill" software system develops the following computational tools to accurately "measure" them:
after the WARR (wide angle catadioptric) calculations (see fig. 3) are performed on the different dielectric layers windowed in the subsurface during the same time interval, the echo time axis is converted into the subsurface depth interval (depth data window). Each window of data is then subjected to signal analysis and image processing, such as Fourier analysis, wavelet decomposition, and image enhancement algorithms, among other proprietary data analysis. This analysis produces multiple sets of E-Logs (energy Logs), and F-Logs (frequency Logs), which represent the calculated energy and frequency values as a function of depth, and are then generated as "pseudo-drill" layered Logs.
Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a scanned beam of a virtual drill of microwave beams in one embodiment "illuminating" an underground scene by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic energy, the microwave laser beam being capable of penetrating depths of up to kilometers underground through a collimating mirror (narrow microwave beam) with minimal beam dispersion.
FIG. 7 shows an energy-log and frequency-log application schematic (described in detail below) in a practical implementation of the "pseudo-drill" suite software of an embodiment, (a) an energy curve pseudo-drill E-log reflecting the characteristic energy properties of each subsurface stratified material medium, (b) a segmented core for a solid drill at different depths, and (c) a frequency curve pseudo-drill F-log reflecting the characteristic frequency property properties of each subsurface stratified material composition, with the right coordinates representing different subsurface depths. Through processing and analyzing the microwave beam return signals, the characteristic energy response- (energy log curve) of substances with different depths on a certain drilling point and the characteristic frequency response- (frequency log curve) of the substance of the layer are obtained, and the two log curves can relatively and objectively reflect the conditions of underground layered geological structures and material composition together so as to replace the actual drilling core checking, greatly reduce the cost and improve the efficiency.
2.1 echo signal energy response (E-logs) calculation and analysis (application scenarios such as figure 7)
2.1. (1) Echo signal energy reflectance calculation analysis
(e.g. evaluating the time and (distance) and signal energy (amplitude E) properties of the echo signal through different dielectric layers): e Reflection ＝(E Maximum amplitude of vibration -E Minimum amplitude )/(E Maximum amplitude + E Minimum amplitude )
The reflectivity of the signal energy is the ratio of the maximum signal difference parameter (energy maximum-energy minimum/energy maximum + energy minimum).
2.1. (2) Echo signal energy resonance degree calculation analysis
Such as the standard deviation and average amplitude of the echo signal amplitude. The following are defined and described: e Resonance of : is the basic detection method for the return energy resonance of signals through each stratum. The mathematics are described as follows:
E resonance of ＝(E Average amplitude /E Standard deviation of )
This means that the response of the signal energy through each layer is calculated from the ratio of the energy mean divided by the energy standard deviation. The ground layer is usually quantified (isocratic) in 1m or 0.5m layers.
2.1. (3) Scatter calculation analysis of each underground layered echo signal
E-Mean: is the selected signal energy average measure on each quantized ground layer and is the basic element of the energy response. It quantifies the average value of the energy of each ground layer:
E-SD: the standard deviation of the signal is returned at each quantified subsurface layer. SD is the most reliable indicator of scatter and is an important component in estimating the response of echo signal energy to the mean.
2.2. Computational analysis of frequency response (log) of echo signals from each subsurface layer
2.2.(1)F- Resonance of : is the fundamental detection of the resonant frequency of the signal returning through each formation. Mathematically described as follows:
F- resonance of ＝(Fmean/Fsd)
The signal frequency is calculated by the ratio of the frequency mean divided by the frequency standard deviation for each layer. The ground layer is usually quantified (isocratic) in 1m layers or 0.5m layers.
2.2.(2)F Reflection : is a basic measure of the reflected frequency. The mathematics are described as follows:
F reflection ＝(Fma-Fm n)/(Fma +Fm n))
The reflectivity of a signal frequency is the ratio of the maximum signal difference parameter (maximum frequency minus minimum frequency) divided by the sum of the maximum signal frequency plus the minimum signal frequency.
2.2. (3) F-Mean: is the selected return signal frequency average metric for each quantified subsurface layer and is the fundamental element of the signal frequency response. The average value is:
is the average of each quantized ground layer frequency.
2.2. (4) F-SD: is the standard deviation of the return signal on each quantized subsurface layer.
SD is the most reliable indication of the degree of scattering, if f is the typical frequency of the return signal for each layer and fm is the average frequency of the return signal for that layer, then the average difference = ∑ f-fm |/n; the standard deviation is then derived as:
it is clear to those skilled in the art that the specific working processes of the above-described systems, devices, modules and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, further description is omitted here.
In addition, the functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be physically independent of each other, two or more functional units may be integrated together, or all the functional units may be integrated in one processing unit. The integrated functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of software or firmware.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the integrated functional units, if implemented in software and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computing device (e.g., a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention when the instructions are executed. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a U disk, a removable hard disk, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
Alternatively, all or part of the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) related to program instructions, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor of the computing device, the computing device executes all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced within the spirit and principle of the present invention; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A virtual drilling method suitable for deep ground rapid detection is characterized in that,
transmitting the bundled microwave signal into the subsurface using a transmitter; detecting the return signal with a receiver after the transmitted signal interacts with the subsurface contour feature for imaging the subsurface contour;
calculating one or more spectra of the return signal, the one or more spectra, an energy spectrum, a phase spectrum, to determine a characteristic energy-frequency characteristic, a phase-energy characteristic, and/or an energy-frequency characteristic of one or more layers of the subsurface; and comparing the determined characteristics of the one or more layers to a database of equivalent characteristics of known materials to determine the composition of the one or more layers in the subsurface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the profile image is obtained by performing a profile scan of the subsurface; the profile scanning comprises repeating the transmitting and detecting steps at a plurality of different locations on the ground, the transmitter and receiver being maintained at a set spacing in each case.
3. The method of claim 2, comprising further scanning to obtain depth information of the profile image of the subsurface.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said further scanning comprises wide angle reflection and refraction scanning, comprising repeating the emitting and detecting steps at a plurality of locations on the ground, each repetition being performed with one of the emitter and emitter held stationary and the other moving continuously.
5. A method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein each said formation depth of the profile image is obtained using ray tracing and/or dynamic correction algorithms, and subsurface features are given depth information only when the two algorithms are decorrelated.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the calculating step comprises obtaining a phase-frequency spectrum based on a phase change in the frequency domain of the returned signal after a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), thereby obtaining a characteristic phase-frequency characteristic.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the computing step provides energy-frequency and phase-frequency spectra obtained by a segmented Fourier transform and wavelet analysis algorithm for determining energy-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the subsurface layers.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the depth information of each layer and the echo time information are obtained, and then the velocity of the microwave passing through each layer is calculated, and then the dielectric constant of the layer is calculated.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein obtaining the permittivity of a particular subsurface layer comprises performing a matching operation in which each determined permittivity signature is compared to a standard material permittivity database equivalent signature, thereby determining the material properties of the particular subsurface layer.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method includes a set of specific logs that can display echo signal frequency and a set of specific logs that display echo signal energy.
11. A microwave beam virtual drilling system comprising a receiver for transmitting a bundled microwave signal to an underground transmitter, for detecting a return signal and imaging the profile of the underground after interaction of the transmitted signal with the characteristics of the underground profile, a signal calculation unit for determining the composition of one or more layers of the underground to perform the method suitable for deep ground fast exploration according to claims 1-10.
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