CN115856689A - Battery health condition detection equipment and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Battery health condition detection equipment and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A battery health condition detection device and a detection method thereof are provided, the battery health condition detection device comprises a slow charging interface connected with a battery or a battery pack, and further comprises a power battery detection micro control unit, a power battery detection microprocessor and a power battery detection potentiostat, wherein the power battery detection micro control unit is respectively electrically connected with an I/O expansion interface, a data interaction interface and the power battery detection microprocessor and mutually transmits data, the power battery detection microprocessor for controlling the generation of sine excitation direct current output is electrically connected with the power battery detection potentiostat through a micro-amplitude sine DDSRAM and a digital-to-analog converter and transmits data, and the power battery detection potentiostat respectively electrically connects a voltage input signal and a micro-amplitude alternating current input signal with the power battery detection microprocessor through a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter and transmits data. The invention has the characteristics of high detection speed and accurate detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery health condition detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
The health state of a power battery of an existing new energy vehicle on the market is detected through the processes: starting detection, disassembling a battery, grouping the battery, cleaning the battery, accessing equipment, detecting the battery, issuing a report, recombining the battery, installing the battery and finishing the detection; thus, testing of power cells typically takes between 5 hours and 8 hours. Because the manufacturers of the power batteries are different, the installation methods of the power batteries are different, and the types of the power batteries are also diversified, the problems of complex flow, long time consumption, large manpower and material resource consumption and the like exist in the process of disassembling. Moreover, it is also a very time-consuming and labor-consuming matter to install the power battery back to the vehicle after detecting the power battery. Because the number of modules needed for detecting the battery is large, detection equipment is large in submission and is generally fixed in some places for use. This results in a time consuming and costly measurement of the condition of the primary battery.
In addition, the current common direct current discharge internal resistance measurement method comprises the following steps: according to the physical formula R = U/I, the testing equipment forces the battery to pass a large constant direct current in a short time, generally 2-3 seconds, currently, a large current of 40A-80A is generally used, the voltage at two ends of the battery at the moment is measured, and the current internal resistance of the battery is calculated according to the formula. The direct current discharge internal resistance measurement method has obvious defects: 1) Only a large-capacity battery or a storage battery can be measured, and the small-capacity battery cannot load a large current of 40A-80A within 2-3 seconds; 2) When the battery passes through a large current, the electrode in the battery can generate a polarization phenomenon and polarization internal resistance, so the measurement time of the battery is required to be very short, otherwise, the error of the measured internal resistance value is very large; 3) The large current has certain damage to the electrode inside the battery through the battery. Therefore, improvements are desired for these conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery health condition detection device with high detection speed and accurate detection and a detection method thereof, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The battery health condition detection equipment designed according to the purpose comprises a slow charging interface connected with a battery or a battery pack, and is characterized by also comprising a power battery detection micro-control unit, a power battery detection microprocessor and a power battery detection potentiostat, wherein the power battery detection micro-control unit is respectively electrically connected with an I/O expansion interface, a data interaction interface and the power battery detection microprocessor and mutually transmits data; the detection plug which is electrically connected with the power battery detection potentiostat is electrically connected with the slow charging interface and transmits data; the power battery detection microprocessor comprises a main control chip.
The battery health condition detection device is characterized in that the power battery detection micro control unit is electrically connected with the power battery detection microprocessor through a bus.
A detection method of battery health condition detection equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, after a detection plug of the battery health condition detection equipment is electrically connected with a slow charging interface, detection is started; entering the step two;
manually selecting the model precision through an operation panel of the battery health condition detection equipment; entering a third step; wherein the value range of the model precision is 85-99.5%;
step three, a main control chip of the battery health condition detection equipment controls and generates 0.1 muA sine excitation direct current, and the direct current is transmitted to the slow charging interface through a detection plug; entering the step four;
step four, a main control chip of the battery health condition detection equipment detects whether the battery test data transmitted back by the battery or the battery pack in the two times before and after is changed, if so, the step five is carried out, and if not, the step ten is carried out; the time interval between the two detection is 0.1-1 second;
step five, the main control chip receives the changed battery test data and enters step six;
step six, the main control chip inputs the received changed battery test data into a force-electrochemical coupling model database for model matching until a proper force-electrochemical coupling model is obtained through matching, and the step seven is carried out;
step seven, the main control chip calculates whether the force-electrochemical coupling model is qualified or not through a closed-loop verification algorithm according to the obtained force-electrochemical coupling model, if so, the step eight is carried out, and if not, the step eleven is carried out;
step eight, the master control chip generates a power battery report and enters step nine;
step nine, closing the detection and ending;
step ten, the main control chip changes the size of the sine excitation direct current in the range of 0.1 muA-10 muA, and the step three is entered;
and step eleven, the main control chip selects another force-electrochemical coupling model again in the force-electrochemical coupling model database, and the step seven is entered.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the integrated circuit technology is fully utilized, the detection module is integrated, so that the size of the product is reduced, the product is convenient to carry, in the detection process, the health condition of the battery or the battery pack can be detected only by electrically connecting the detection plug of the product with the slow charging interface connected with the battery or the battery pack, the whole detection process is controlled by the main control chip serving as a microprocessor, the product can be directly connected into the slow charging port to automatically complete battery detection, the difficulty that the battery needs to be disassembled and reassembled in the traditional detection method is avoided, the detection efficiency is improved, and a large amount of time, labor and material resources are saved.
When the detection is carried out, a micro-amplitude AC input direct current-like reverse injection technology, a force-electrochemical M2EC model-based rapid calculation method, an integrated circuit technology based on multi-source data fusion and high-throughput data screening and an electrochemical model matching technology based on closed-loop verification calculation are adopted, wherein the micro-amplitude AC input direct current-like reverse injection technology can directly connect a detection circuit into a battery or a battery pack, so that the detection process is simplified, and the defects of high threshold of the detection technology, long learning time of the detection process and the like are avoided; the quick calculation method based on the M2EC model improves the electrochemical model matching speed of the battery, greatly shortens the testing time, and avoids the problems of long time consumption of detection and the like; the integrated circuit technology based on multi-source data fusion and high-throughput data screening can integrate four parts of battery detection, so that the product is more miniaturized and convenient to move, the equipment cost is reduced, and the defects of large volume, high detection cost, unique detection place and the like of the traditional detection equipment are overcome; the electrochemical model matching technology based on closed-loop verification calculation enables detection report data to be more accurate, and the defect that a detection result is obtained by a traditional detection method only through an empirical formula or big data machine learning matching is overcome; therefore, the invention has the characteristics of high detection speed and accurate detection result, thereby being beneficial to reducing the occurrence of safety accidents of the battery or the battery pack.
The invention is not only suitable for the battery or the battery pack of the new energy vehicle, but also suitable for other vehicles, communication tools or household appliances which adopt the battery or the battery pack as energy power output.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a main view enlarged structure of the present invention with the detection plug and the cover removed.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection process according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a control schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ac impedance spectroscopy measurement process according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of sinusoidal excitation to direct current in the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a detection plug, 2 is a power switch, 3 is a handle, 4 is an NFC identification area, 5 is an LED display screen, 6 is a signal indicator lamp, 7 is a data port, 8 is a power protection switch, 9 is a power input, 10 is a data interaction interface, 11 is a signal generator, 12 is a constant potential rectifier, 13 is a main control chip, 13 is a frequency response analyzer,
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The new energy vehicle will be described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the battery health status detection device comprises a slow charging interface connected with a battery or a battery pack, and further comprises a power battery detection micro-control unit, a power battery detection microprocessor and a power battery detection potentiostat, wherein the power battery detection micro-control unit is respectively electrically connected with an I/O expansion interface, a data interaction interface and the power battery detection microprocessor and mutually transmits data, the power battery detection microprocessor for controlling the generation of sinusoidal excitation direct current output is electrically connected with the power battery detection potentiostat through a micro-amplitude sinusoidal DDSRAM and a digital-to-analog converter and transmits data, and the power battery detection potentiostat respectively electrically connects a voltage input signal and a micro-amplitude alternating current input signal with the power battery detection microprocessor through a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter and transmits data; the detection plug which is electrically connected with the power battery detection potentiostat is electrically connected with the slow charging interface and transmits data; the power battery detection microprocessor comprises a main control chip 13.
In this embodiment, an alternating current is input, and a sinusoidal excitation direct current is output through the detection plug, and the waveform of the sinusoidal excitation direct current is shown in fig. 6.
Sinusoidal excitation dc conversion can be approximately considered as a composition of a plurality of dc currents, and by continuously changing the magnitude of the dc currents, sinusoidal excitation dc conversion can be approximately considered.
The implementation method comprises the following steps: the GTR is switched off in a large period output by the variable square wave, the switching frequency of the high-power transistor is 1-5 KHz, the high-power transistor is a large amount of rectangular direct current with equal amplitude and sine wave amplitude in a half-wave period, and the power battery detection microprocessor generates a PWM control signal to control the GTR to be switched off, so that quasi-direct current input by sine excitation variable direct current is formed.
The sine excitation direct current can be generated by a power battery detection microprocessor and an AD9240 standard high-speed analog-to-digital converter.
The integrated circuit technology of multi-source data fusion and high-throughput data screening fuses and integrates a signal generator, a potentiostat and a frequency response analyzer which are required by a power battery detection part into a whole through a power battery detection microprocessor, then the signal generator generates a micro-amplitude sine excitation variable direct current signal, the frequency is preset through a knob, the frequency is displayed through a display screen, and the amplitude of the micro-amplitude sine excitation variable direct current signal is amplified through an amplifier. The potentiostat applies the reference signal after impedance conversion and the control potential to the comparison amplifier, and outputs a signal proportional to the error after comparison and amplification.
The frequency response analyzer has all functions of power calculation, and simultaneously has the functions of real-time waveform analysis, harmonic analysis and the like. The three parts of circuits are integrated, so that the functions of directly outputting micro-amplitude sine excitation direct current and acquiring and analyzing response data generated by the power battery and the like by one circuit can be realized.
In this embodiment, the power battery detection micro control unit is electrically connected with the power battery detection microprocessor through a bus.
Under the control of the main control chip 13, a signal generator integrated by an integrated circuit technology generates a micro-amplitude sine excitation variable direct current of 0.1 muA-10 muA, and the micro-amplitude sine excitation variable direct current can be directly used as a quasi-direct current to perform inverse injection on a power battery of the new energy vehicle, namely the battery or a battery pack, at a slow charging interface of the new energy vehicle. Meanwhile, the micro-amplitude sine excitation direct current can be continuously tried to be adjusted according to different types of power batteries adopted by the new energy vehicle.
The power batteries with different states and health conditions correspond to different electrochemical models, and in the using process of the power batteries, the power electrochemical coupling model is matched according to the measurement data of the strain of the power batteries by establishing the power electrochemical coupling M2EC model along with the change of the internal resistance of the power batteries.
The signal generator actively inputs micro-amplitude sine excitation direct current with the frequency range of 10 muHz-1 MHz to the power battery, the power battery detection potentiostat is applied to the power battery to control the electrolytic cell according to the set frequency sweep range, the frequency sweep point number and mode and the superposition of the excitation sine signal amplitude and the direct current polarization potential, and the test data of the impedance spectrum of the tested object is obtained by continuously testing the complex impedance at different frequencies by continuously changing the frequency of the sine excitation direct current. Then, test data are continuously brought into a force electrochemical coupling model of a prestored database, the output value of the force electrochemical coupling model is compared with the real measurement of the battery until a force electrochemical coupling model is found out, and the force electrochemical coupling model is matched with the real measurement value of the battery.
Through the obtained power electrochemical coupling model, the parameter characteristics are compared and matched with a large amount of data of the stress electrochemical coupling model in the existing database by means of the detected parameter change characteristics of the power battery under different frequencies, the test data is added into the database to expand the database data, the health state of the battery is evaluated by a closed-loop verification calculation method, and a battery health condition evaluation report is generated.
The whole detection process is controlled by a power battery detection microprocessor, and a detection signal module is responsible for generating a class direct current of micro-amplitude sine excitation variable direct current. The acquisition module acquires electrochemical parameters of the power battery under the quasi-direct current with different frequencies and returns the parameters to the calculation module. The calculation module matches the force electrochemical coupling model according to the acquired data, the matching module fits the data in the existing database with the measured data, partial points in the existing data model are randomly analyzed and transmitted to the detection signal module after fitting, the detection signal module generates a direct current-like current with corresponding frequency, and the acquisition module returns the electrochemical parameters under the specific frequency to the calculation module to verify the determined electrochemical model. By such a closed-loop verification calculation matching algorithm, the battery health condition accuracy can be improved.
A detection method of a battery health condition detection device includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, after a detection plug 1 of the battery health condition detection equipment is electrically connected with a slow charging interface, detection is started; entering the step two;
manually selecting the model precision through an operation panel of the battery health condition detection equipment; entering a step three; wherein the value range of the model precision is 85-99.5%;
step three, a main control chip 13 of the battery health condition detection equipment controls to generate 0.1 muA sine excitation direct current, and the direct current is transmitted to a slow charging interface through a detection plug 1; entering the step four;
step four, the main control chip 13 of the battery health condition detection equipment detects whether the battery test data transmitted back by the battery or the battery pack in the two times before and after is changed, if so, the step five is carried out, and if not, the step ten is carried out; the time interval between the two detection is 0.1-1 second;
step five, the main control chip 13 receives the changed battery test data and enters step six;
step six, the main control chip 13 inputs the received changed battery test data into a force-electrochemical coupling model database for model matching until a proper force-electrochemical coupling model is obtained by matching, and the step seven is carried out;
step seven, the main control chip 13 calculates whether the force-electrochemical coupling model is qualified or not through a closed-loop verification algorithm according to the obtained force-electrochemical coupling model, if so, the step eight is carried out, and if not, the step eleven is carried out;
step eight, the master control chip 13 generates a power battery report and enters step nine;
step nine, closing detection and ending;
step ten, the main control chip 13 changes the size of the sine excitation direct current in the range of 0.1 muA-10 muA, and the step three is entered;
step eleven, the main control chip 13 selects another force-electrochemical coupling model again in the force-electrochemical coupling model database, and the process enters step seven.
When the novel energy vehicle is used specifically, a charging plug of the novel energy vehicle is used as a data access port and is directly connected to a slow charging port of the novel energy vehicle, and micro-amplitude sinusoidal excitation is simultaneously performed on a power battery through the coordination of a microprocessor to convert the power battery into direct current input and data acquisition.
The following three-dimensional cylindrical battery is used as a detection target.
The model accuracy alpha is selected to be 90%, and the model accuracy can influence the calculation solving time.
The integrated circuit for multi-source data fusion and high-throughput data screening externally generates 0.1 muA sine excitation variable direct current:
J m is the maximum value of the current, i.e. the amplitude, ω t is the angular frequency of the alternating current,
is called I phase at time t>
I.e. I is at t 0 The phase of a time is called the initial phase or phase angle. i (t) is a sinusoidal excitation expression.
Because the current is converted into direct current by 0.1 muA sinusoidal excitation, the current amplitude is very small, and the current can be used as quasi-direct current of micro-amplitude alternating current input for carrying out reverse injection.
After the battery receives the sine excitation direct current of 0.1 muA, strong chemical-mechanical and chemical-electrical coupling can be generated in the battery, and the battery internal resistance can cause obvious axial displacement and electric potential. By changing the current frequency continuously, it is found that the impedance has a distinct inflection point at a certain point, which is about 300 seconds, the internal resistance of the battery approaches 57m Ω, taking 70Hz as an example, the fluctuation range of the battery temperature T is: 24-28.6 ℃.
When the main control chip 13 receives the changed battery test data, the changed battery test data is input into a pre-stored force-electrochemical coupling model database for model matching until a proper force-electrochemical coupling model is obtained through matching, and then a closed-loop verification algorithm is performed according to the obtained force-electrochemical coupling model for calculation.
When the calculation is carried out, a momentum balance equation of a mechanical field, a Maxwell equation of a magnetic electric field, an entropy expression of a thermal field and a mass conservation equation of the chemical field are combined. The calculation formula based on the force electrochemical (M2 EC) model is given here:
wherein; ie is the current density per unit volume; t is the absolute temperature of the molten metal,
is Hamiltonian; alpha is chemical potential; phi is the electromagnetic potential; leq and Le α are coupling coefficients, respectively, set to zero in the simplest case. It can be obtained by fourier law of heat transfer and fick's law of diffusion, lee being the inverse of the standard resistivity.
And a resistance calculation formula R = tau (E/Ie), wherein tau is a resistance correction coefficient, and the value range is 1-1.5 when the battery type and the battery discharge condition are selected during detection. Where E is the detected voltage.
By the formula, the force electrochemical model formula of the battery in different frequency sections can be measured, the formula is matched with the existing database model, the same curve section can be quickly matched, and the model is selected for closed-loop verification.
From the matched complete model, a sinusoidal alternating current with a frequency is randomly selected, wherein 200Hz is taken as an example, and the model shows that the battery impedance is changed from 62m omega to 57m omega at 200 Hz. The control module enables the analog direct current signal generation module with micro-amplitude alternating current input to generate 200Hz sine alternating current to be injected into the battery, and the impedance change condition of the battery is collected. To see if it is consistent with the graph line in the model library. And when the variation error is not more than 90%, the requirement is met, and the next link is entered.
Namely, Δ R = Rd ± (1-a), and taking 200Hz as an example, if the collected resistance transformation range is changed from 62 ± 0.62m Ω to 57 ± 5.7m Ω, the data obtained by the second detection is considered to be qualified: and substituting the internal resistance 57m omega of the resistance convergence point as the currently detected internal resistance into the next step for calculating the SOH of the battery. Where a is the precision, rd is the first calculated resistance, and Δ R is the range of resistance values after α is selected. And in the closed-loop verification, the first time data Rd is not in the range of DeltaR, if the data Rd meets the precision requirement, a report is generated, and if the data Rd does not meet the precision requirement, the report is returned for re-detection.
If not, step ten is entered, the excitation current is changed in magnitude, i.e. the current frequency is modified again to generate a new sinusoidal excitation current, and then the last two test data are compared.
Calculating the health degree of the battery: SOH = (Re-R)/(Re-Rnew), re represents the internal resistance of the battery at the end of the service life of the battery, R is the internal resistance of the battery at the current state, and Rnew is the internal resistance of the battery when the battery leaves a factory. Here, re =62m Ω, R =57m Ω, rnew =56m Ω, and the battery health degree was calculated to be 83.33%.
Because the detection is carried out by adopting the input direct current, the input of larger direct current is required, generally 40A-80A, and the large current can damage the battery, but the invention adopts the alternating current, the small current and the uA level, and the battery can not be damaged.
In addition, when the direct current is input for detection, a large constant direct current needs to be arranged in front, so that the battery is required to be a large-capacity battery, and the small-capacity battery can be broken down by a large current.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not to indicate or imply relative importance or the number of technical features being referred to.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A battery health condition detection device comprises a slow charging interface connected with a battery or a battery pack, and is characterized by further comprising a power battery detection micro control unit, a power battery detection microprocessor and a power battery detection potentiostat, wherein the power battery detection micro control unit is respectively electrically connected with an I/O expansion interface, a data interaction interface and the power battery detection microprocessor and mutually transmits data; the detection plug electrically connected with the power battery detection potentiostat is electrically connected with the slow charging interface and transmits data; the power battery detection microprocessor comprises a main control chip (13).
2. The battery health detection device of claim 1, wherein the power battery detection micro-control unit is electrically connected to the power battery detection microprocessor via a bus.
3. A method for detecting a battery health detection apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, after a detection plug (1) of battery health condition detection equipment is electrically connected with a slow charging interface, starting detection; entering the step two;
manually selecting the model precision through an operation panel of the battery health condition detection equipment; entering a third step; wherein the value range of the model precision is 85-99.5%;
step three, a main control chip (13) of the battery health condition detection equipment controls to generate 0.1 muA sine excitation direct current, and the direct current is transmitted to a slow charging interface through a detection plug (1); entering the step four;
step four, a main control chip (13) of the battery health condition detection equipment detects whether the battery test data transmitted back by the battery or the battery pack in the two times before and after is changed, if so, the step five is carried out, and if not, the step ten is carried out; the time interval between the two detection is 0.1-1 second;
step five, the main control chip (13) receives the changed battery test data and enters step six;
step six, the main control chip (13) inputs the received changed battery test data into a force-electrochemical coupling model database for model matching until a proper force-electrochemical coupling model is obtained by matching, and the step seven is carried out;
step seven, the main control chip (13) calculates whether the force-electrochemical coupling model is qualified or not through a closed-loop verification algorithm according to the obtained force-electrochemical coupling model, if so, the step eight is carried out, and if not, the step eleven is carried out;
step eight, the master control chip (13) generates a power battery report and enters step nine;
step nine, closing the detection and ending;
step ten, the main control chip (13) changes the size of the sine excitation direct current in the range of 0.1 muA-10 muA, and the step three is entered;
step eleven, the main control chip (13) selects another force-electrochemical coupling model again in the force-electrochemical coupling model database, and the step seven is entered.
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