CN115855488A

CN115855488A - Agricultural machinery gear drive part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system

Info

Publication number: CN115855488A
Application number: CN202211565935.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王宏伟; 孙文磊; 焦华超; 何丽
Original assignee: Xinjiang University
Current assignee: Xinjiang University
Priority date: 2022-12-07
Filing date: 2022-12-07
Publication date: 2023-03-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for an agricultural machine gear transmission component, which comprises an acceleration sensor, a constant-current excitation source, an AD conversion module, a single-chip microcomputer MCU, a CAN bus module, an RS485 bus module, an embedded computer module MPU, a 4G transmission module, a state monitoring server and a software system. According to the agricultural machine gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system, an embedded computer module MPU comprises two independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, a plurality of serial TTL interface modules and a Mini PCI-E interface, a state monitoring server comprises a Web API service module, a signal processing and mode recognition module, state monitoring and fault early warning of the agricultural machine gear transmission component are achieved in a vibration detection mode, and data are mined and mode recognized through the mode recognition module in a platform. Finally, comprehensive state monitoring and fault early warning of 'positioning + state + operation information' of the agricultural machinery are achieved.

Description

Agricultural machinery gear drive part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for an agricultural machinery gear transmission part.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the agricultural mechanization level in China, agricultural machinery becomes an indispensable tool in the agricultural production process, the agricultural production has the characteristics of large task amount and strong real-time performance, and the load condition in the machine tool operation process is severe, so that the safe production can be directly influenced. Moreover, the agricultural machinery is continuously developed to be large-scale and intelligent, the detection requirements for the operation condition and the performance of key components are higher and higher, the working state information of the machine and the performance state information of the key components are remotely acquired and mined through the Internet of things and the big data technology, the health state of the machine and the key components is evaluated, and the method has important significance for the development level of agricultural mechanization.

The harsh environment of the working site of agricultural machinery, which is usually accompanied by a great deal of smoke and strong vibration, and the remote working site of agricultural machinery, limits the addition of advanced condition monitoring equipment to the machinery. Therefore, based on the embedding technology, the operation state of the machine tool and the performance state data of the key components are collected and then remotely transmitted to the monitoring platform, and the deep mining and the mode recognition of the data are completed by means of powerful calculation force on the server side, so that the method can be used as a feasible state monitoring means for the gear transmission components of the agricultural machine tool.

Most of the existing agricultural machinery operation detection equipment focuses on monitoring the operation state of the agricultural machinery, but rarely monitors the performance degradation state of key transmission parts, and the equipment for monitoring the operation state of the key transmission mechanism of the machine tool and early warning faults based on a bus system has no mature unified standard, so that further research is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for a gear transmission part of an agricultural machine, which aims to solve the problems that most of the existing agricultural machine operation detection equipment in the background art focuses on monitoring the running state of the agricultural machine, but the performance degradation state monitoring of a key transmission part is rare, and the running state monitoring and fault early warning equipment of a key transmission mechanism of the machine tool based on a bus system has no mature unified standard.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the agricultural machine gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system comprises an acceleration sensor, a constant current excitation source, an AD conversion module, a single chip microcomputer MCU, a CAN bus module, an RS485 bus module, an embedded computer module MPU, a 4G transmission module, a state monitoring server and a software system, wherein the embedded computer module MPU comprises two mutually independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, a plurality of serial TTL interface modules and a Mini PCI-E interface, and the state monitoring server comprises a Web API service module, a signal processing and mode recognition module.

As a further scheme of the invention: the constant current excitation source provides excitation for the acceleration sensor, the single chip microcomputer MCU acquires vibration information monitored by the acceleration sensor through the AD conversion module, the single chip microcomputer MCU transmits the vibration information to the embedded computer module MPU through the RS485 bus module and the CAN bus module, and the embedded computer module MPU transmits acquired discrete acceleration signals to the state monitoring server through the 4G transmission module.

As a still further scheme of the invention: one path of CAN module is respectively used for receiving an acceleration signal sent by the MCU and the RS485 module is used for receiving the acceleration signal sent by the MCU and mutually verifying, the other path of CAN module is used for reading real-time characteristic data (such as rotating speed, power, fault signals and the like) in the engine ECU, and the embedded computer module MPU sends all the data to the state monitoring server through the Web API through the 4G data transmission module.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the Web API module is used for receiving acceleration signals and real-time working condition data of an engine sent by the embedded computer module MPU, the signal processing module is used for processing, analyzing and extracting characteristics of the received acceleration signals, the pattern recognition module is used for carrying out pattern recognition on the proposed characteristic vectors, the health state of the agricultural mechanical gear transmission component is recognized through a data-driven analysis method, and performance indexes of the agricultural mechanical gear transmission component are judged.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the data sent to the state monitoring server by the embedded computer module MPU comprises an acceleration signal of a key transmission node, key information (such as engine rotating speed, real-time power and engine diagnosis information) of an engine ECU, positioning information, an identification code of a machine tool and an operation state.

As a still further scheme of the invention: two CAN bus modules contained in the embedded computer module MPU are MCP2515 SPI-CAN conversion modules, and are communicated with the CAN bus modules through the SPI bus by the CPU.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the constant current excitation source is realized through the linear voltage stabilizing unit LM317, the 4mA constant current output is realized by utilizing the 1.25V reference voltage of the constant current excitation source to be matched with the precision resistor, and the constant current excitation source is used for providing an excitation source for the acceleration sensor.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the acceleration sensor is a general IEPE type sensor, the driving voltage is 18-25V, and the constant current driving current is 4-20 mA.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the MCU module of the single chip microcomputer is an STM32F407ZGT6 single chip microcomputer, and is matched with a signal conditioning circuit, a CAN bus interface, an RS485 interface, an FSMC interface and part of GPIO interfaces are led out through TJA1050 and MAX3485 elements to communicate with the embedded computer module and the AD conversion module.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the AD conversion module is a universal AD7606 module, communicates with the single chip microcomputer MCU module through an FSMC interface, collects analog signals output by the acceleration sensor within a range of +/-10V through a 2 KHz sampling frequency and converts the analog signals into discrete digital signals.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a device and a method for monitoring the state of a large agricultural machine gear transmission part. An acceleration sensor installed at a key transmission node forms a discrete numerical value of a specific sampling frequency after passing through a signal conditioning circuit, data are transmitted to a vehicle-mounted terminal through an independent CAN bus according to an ISO 11783 protocol, a data transparent transmission module in the terminal obtains acceleration sampling data of a gear transmission part and real-time characteristic data (such as rotating speed and power) of an engine through two CAN buses respectively, the data are sent to an agricultural machinery remote state monitoring and fault early warning platform through a data transmission unit, and data are mined and pattern recognized through a pattern recognition module in the platform. Finally, comprehensive state monitoring and fault early warning of agricultural machinery 'positioning + state + operation information' are achieved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an architecture diagram of an agricultural machinery gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system of the agricultural machinery gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an acceleration signal acquisition/transmission module in an agricultural machine gear transmission component data acquisition and remote status monitoring system.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a 4mA constant current excitation source in an agricultural machine gear transmission part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for the agricultural machine gear transmission component includes an acceleration sensor, a constant current excitation source, an AD conversion module, a single-chip microcomputer MCU, a CAN bus module, an RS485 bus module, an embedded computer module MPU, a 4G transmission module, a state monitoring server and a software system, where the embedded computer module MPU includes two independent paths of the CAN module, one path of the RS485 module, multiple serial TTL interface modules and a Mini PCI-E interface, and the state monitoring server includes a Web API service module, a signal processing module and a mode identification module.

The constant current excitation source provides excitation for the acceleration sensor, the single chip microcomputer MCU collects vibration information monitored by the acceleration sensor through the AD conversion module, the single chip microcomputer MCU sends the vibration information to the embedded computer module MPU through the RS485 bus module and the CAN bus module, and the embedded computer module MPU sends the collected discrete acceleration signals to the state monitoring server through the 4G transmission module.

One path of CAN module is respectively used for receiving an acceleration signal sent by the MCU and the RS485 module is used for receiving the acceleration signal sent by the MCU and mutually verifying, the other path of CAN module is used for reading real-time characteristic data (such as rotating speed, power, fault signals and the like) in the engine ECU, and the embedded computer module MPU sends all the data to the state monitoring server through the Web API through the 4G data transmission module.

The Web API module is used for receiving acceleration signals and real-time working condition data of an engine sent by the embedded computer module MPU, the signal processing module is used for processing, analyzing and extracting characteristics of the received acceleration signals, the pattern recognition module is used for carrying out pattern recognition on the proposed characteristic vectors, the health state of the gear transmission part of the agricultural machine is recognized through a data-driven analysis method, and the performance index of the gear transmission part is judged.

The data sent to the state monitoring server by the embedded computer module MPU comprises an acceleration signal of a key transmission node, key information of an engine ECU (electronic control unit) (such as engine rotating speed, real-time power and engine diagnosis information), positioning information, an identification code of a machine tool and an operation state.

Two CAN bus modules contained in the embedded computer module MPU are MCP2515 SPI-CAN modules, and are communicated with the CAN bus modules through the SPI buses by the CPU.

The constant current excitation source is realized through the linear voltage stabilizing unit LM317, the 4mA constant current output is realized by utilizing the 1.25V reference voltage of the constant current excitation source to be matched with the precision resistor, and the constant current excitation source is used for providing an excitation source for the acceleration sensor.

The acceleration sensor is a general IEPE type sensor, the driving voltage is 18-25V, and the constant current driving current is 4-20 mA.

The MCU module of the single chip microcomputer is an STM32F407ZGT6 type single chip microcomputer, and is matched with a signal conditioning circuit, a CAN bus interface, an RS485 interface, an FSMC interface and part of GPIO interfaces are led out through TJA1050 and MAX3485 elements to be communicated with the embedded computer module and the AD conversion module.

The AD conversion module is a universal AD7606 module, communicates with the single chip microcomputer MCU module through an FSMC interface, collects analog signals output by the acceleration sensor within a range of +/-10V through a 2 KHz sampling frequency and converts the analog signals into discrete digital signals.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

as shown in the construction diagram of the agricultural machinery gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system, the agricultural machinery gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system provided by the invention mainly comprises an IEPE type acceleration sensor, a 4mA constant current excitation source, an AD7606 analog-to-digital conversion module, an STM32F407ZGT6 single chip microcomputer, an MCP2515 SPI-to-CAN bus module, a MAX3485 RS485 module, a whole log T3 embedded computer module, a 4G/Beidou positioning & transmission module, a state monitoring server and a corresponding software module.

Selecting a gear transmission part needing state monitoring, installing an IEPE type acceleration sensor at a bearing seat of a measured object, selecting a signal source data quantity needing monitoring according to actual needs, usually 2 paths/measuring points, and installing sensors along the horizontal and vertical directions of the measuring points. The IEPE type acceleration sensor needs to work under the drive of a 24V DC voltage and a 4mA constant current source, and converts the acceleration applied to its sensitive element from the outside into an analog voltage signal, and the amplitude of the voltage signal output by the sensor is proportional to the acceleration received by the sensor.

An acceleration signal acquisition and transmission module is installed near a selected measuring point, the structure of the acceleration signal acquisition/transmission module is shown as an acceleration signal acquisition/transmission module architecture diagram, the IEPE acceleration sensor is connected to an output interface on a 4mA constant current excitation source through a BNC interface and is connected with an AD7606 analog-to-digital conversion module through an output interface OUT, a decoupling capacitor is arranged between the AD7606 analog-to-digital conversion module and the BNC interface of the acceleration sensor, and direct current offset signals in signals output by the sensor are filtered OUT, so that the amplitude value of the signals oscillates near 0V, and the sampling range of the AD7606 module is met.

The AD7606 module is a universal module which can be purchased directly, the data buses D0-D15 of the AD7606 module are connected with a data acquisition main control chip STM32F407ZGT6 through an analog parallel interface FMSC, the number in an AD7606 internal sampling register is read at a high speed through the parallel interface, and the reading of 16 data bits of a single channel is completed through one-time communication, so that the AD7606 module is suitable for a high-speed sampling mode. Meanwhile, STM32F407ZGT6 sets a specified GPIO interface through software to present a fixed high-low level combination, further sets the AD7606 module into a working mode with 4 times of oversampling and +/-10V sampling range, and drives the AD7606 module to perform single sampling through a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal with the duty ratio of 90% and the frequency of 10 KHz generated by a timer, so that the accuracy of sampling frequency is ensured, and a data basis is laid for signal analysis. Meanwhile, the STM32F407ZGT6 module detects the AD7606 sampling state through external interrupts, and when an interrupt signal of which conversion is completed is detected, data is read into the memory.

The STM32F407ZGT6 is a general module, is constructed according to an open source scheme, comprises a TJA1050 CAN transceiver and a MAX3485 RS485 transceiver, and leads out a required GPIO interface, and the structure of the STM32F407ZGT6 does not belong to the protection scope of the invention. The interior of the module runs a FreeRTOS real-time operating system, and the total number of the running tasks is 2: task 1 is a data acquisition task, a timer is started to generate a PWM signal according to a set interval (default is 1 hour), so that an AD7606 module is started to start data acquisition, a sampling data cache is detected, when the number of sampling points reaches a preset number (20000), a sampling process is stopped, and the signal quantity is released; and a task 2 transmits data to a task, the state of the semaphore in the system is continuously inquired, and when the semaphore is released by the task 1, namely a single sampling task is completed, the task 2 starts a data transmission process. In order to ensure that the invention CAN be suitable for more equipment, the invention CAN communicate with a vehicle-mounted terminal through an RS485 bus and a CAN bus, firstly, based on a J1939 protocol, the collected data is packaged and sent, the first frame of the collected data is the total package number and the data quantity of the sent data, the sampled data is sent from the second frame, the first two bytes of each frame of data are the data package number corresponding to the current frame, the last six bytes are the sampled data, and the system sends the data at the interval of 20ms until the data is sent completely. In addition, the system CAN also transmit data through an RS485 bus, like a CAN bus, the first frame of the system is the total number of data packets and the data length, the second frame of the system is transmitted sampling data, and the frame structure of the system is as follows: the maximum length is 20 bytes, wherein the first two bytes are data packet numbers, the middle 16 bytes are sent data, and the last two bytes are CRC check values.

The full-log T3 embedded computer module is a core of the vehicle-mounted terminal, a Linux 3.10 kernel is operated inside the full-log T3 embedded computer module, and a QT5.9 software operation environment is supported. It changes the CAN module through SPI and extends multichannel CAN bus to extend RS485 bus interface through MAX3485, wherein one way CAN bus and RS485 bus with STM32F407ZGT6 module link to each other, realize the acquisition of the acceleration signal data of selected monitoring point, another way CAN bus interface is connected with engine ECU, when acquireing acceleration signal, read engine instantaneous power and rotational speed according to J1939 agreement, form multimode monitoring signal with the acceleration signal who gathers, enrich the signal dimension from the data acquisition angle, establish the data basis for accurately judging the performance state of monitoring node.

The full log T3 embedded computer module mainly runs two background services, the service 1 mainly has the task of receiving acceleration signals, and recombining and verifying the acceleration signals received by the CAN bus 1 and the RS485 bus according to the packaging principle to ensure the correctness of data; the service 2 is mainly used for receiving the real-time data of the engine of the other CAN bus, such as the rotating speed and the real-time power, forming a multi-mode monitoring signal with the acceleration signal received by the service 1, and sending the current GPS coordinate and the monitoring data of the machine to the state monitoring server through the 3/4G module in a WebAPI mode.

The state monitoring server is a purchased universal Aliskiu server, has a public network domain name, and internally operates a WebAPI module, a signal processing module and a mode recognition module. Firstly, a multi-modal signal sent by an agricultural machine is received through a webAPI module, and then normalization, noise reduction and feature extraction are carried out on the received monitoring signal through a signal processing module to form a feature vector; and finally, judging the current state of the machine represented by the characteristic vector corresponding to the received monitoring signal through a pre-trained mode recognition module, and further judging and early warning the running state of the machine.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an agricultural machinery gear drive part data acquisition and remote status monitoring system, includes acceleration sensor, constant current excitation source, AD conversion module, singlechip MCU, CAN bus module, RS485 bus module, embedded computer module MPU, 4G transmission module, status monitoring server and software system, its characterized in that: the embedded computer module MPU comprises two mutually independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, a plurality of serial TTL interface modules and a Mini PCI-E interface, and the state monitoring server comprises a Web API service module and a signal processing and mode recognition module.

2. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data acquisition and remote status monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the constant current excitation source provides excitation for the acceleration sensor, the single chip microcomputer MCU acquires vibration information monitored by the acceleration sensor through the AD conversion module, the single chip microcomputer MCU transmits the vibration information to the embedded computer module MPU through the RS485 bus module and the CAN bus module, and the embedded computer module MPU transmits acquired discrete acceleration signals to the state monitoring server through the 4G transmission module.

3. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: one path of CAN module is respectively used for receiving an acceleration signal sent by the MCU and the RS485 module is used for receiving an acceleration signal sent by the MCU module, the other path of CAN module is used for reading real-time characteristic data in the engine ECU, and the embedded computer module MPU sends all the data to the state monitoring server through the Web API through the 4G data transmission module.

4. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the Web API module is used for receiving acceleration signals and engine real-time working condition data sent by the embedded computer module MPU, the signal processing module is used for processing, analyzing and extracting characteristics of the received acceleration signals, and the pattern recognition module is used for performing pattern recognition on the proposed characteristic vectors.

5. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the data sent to the state monitoring server by the embedded computer module MPU comprises an acceleration signal of a key transmission node, key information of an engine ECU, positioning information, an identification code of the machine tool and an operation state.

6. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: two CAN bus modules contained in the embedded computer module MPU are MCP2515 SPI-CAN conversion modules, and are communicated with the CAN bus modules through the SPI bus by the CPU.

7. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the constant current excitation source is realized through a linear voltage stabilizing unit LM317 and is used for providing an excitation source for the acceleration sensor.

8. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the acceleration sensor is a general IEPE type sensor.

9. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the MCU module of the single chip microcomputer is an STM32F407ZGT6 single chip microcomputer, and is matched with a signal conditioning circuit, a CAN bus interface, an RS485 interface, an FSMC interface and part of GPIO interfaces are led out through TJA1050 and MAX3485 elements to communicate with the embedded computer module and the AD conversion module.

10. The agricultural machine gear transmission component data collection and remote condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the AD conversion module is a universal AD7606 module, communicates with the single chip microcomputer MCU module through an FSMC interface, collects analog signals output by the acceleration sensor within a range of +/-10V through a 2 KHz sampling frequency and converts the analog signals into discrete digital signals.