CN115855488A - Agricultural machinery gear drive part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for an agricultural machine gear transmission component, which comprises an acceleration sensor, a constant-current excitation source, an AD conversion module, a single-chip microcomputer MCU, a CAN bus module, an RS485 bus module, an embedded computer module MPU, a 4G transmission module, a state monitoring server and a software system. According to the agricultural machine gear transmission component data acquisition and remote state monitoring system, an embedded computer module MPU comprises two independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, a plurality of serial TTL interface modules and a Mini PCI-E interface, a state monitoring server comprises a Web API service module, a signal processing and mode recognition module, state monitoring and fault early warning of the agricultural machine gear transmission component are achieved in a vibration detection mode, and data are mined and mode recognized through the mode recognition module in a platform. Finally, comprehensive state monitoring and fault early warning of 'positioning + state + operation information' of the agricultural machinery are achieved.

Description

Data Acquisition and Remote Status Monitoring System for Gear Transmission Parts of Agricultural Machinery

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery equipment, in particular to a data collection and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization in our country, agricultural machinery has become an indispensable tool in the agricultural production process. Agricultural production itself has the characteristics of large tasks and strong real-time performance. have a direct impact. In addition, agricultural machinery itself is constantly developing towards large-scale and intelligent development, and the demand for its operation status and performance testing of key components is getting higher and higher. Through the Internet of Things and big data technology, the working status of machines and the performance status information of key components are collected remotely. And digging, and assessing its health status, is of great significance to the development level of agricultural mechanization.

The operating site environment of agricultural machinery is harsh, usually accompanied by a large amount of smoke and strong vibration, and most of the agricultural machinery operating sites are relatively remote. This working environment limits the addition of more advanced condition monitoring equipment to the machine tools. Therefore, based on embedded technology, collecting the operating status of the machine tool and the performance status data of key components and then remotely transmitting it to the monitoring platform, and using the powerful computing power on the server side to complete data deep mining and pattern recognition can be used as a feasible agricultural machine tool. Gear transmission component condition monitoring means.

Most of the existing agricultural machinery operation detection equipment focuses on the monitoring of the operation status of the agricultural machinery itself, but the monitoring of the performance degradation status of key transmission components is relatively rare. Based on the bus system, the monitoring of the operation status and fault warning equipment of the key transmission mechanism of the implement itself is still lacking. There is no mature unified standard, and further in-depth research is needed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery to solve the problem that most of the existing agricultural machinery operation detection equipment proposed in the above-mentioned background technology focuses on the monitoring of the operating state of the agricultural machinery itself, and the performance of the key transmission components Degradation state monitoring is relatively rare, and there is no mature and unified standard for the monitoring of the operating state of the key transmission mechanism of the machine tool itself and the fault warning equipment based on the bus system.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

Data acquisition and remote status monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery, including acceleration sensor, constant current excitation source, AD conversion module, MCU, CAN bus module, RS485 bus module, embedded computer module MPU, 4G transmission module, status monitoring server and Software system, the embedded computer module MPU includes two independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, multiple serial TTL interface modules and Mini PCI-E interface, and the status monitoring server includes WebAPI service module, signal processing and pattern recognition module.

As a further solution of the present invention: the constant current excitation source provides excitation for the acceleration sensor, the single-chip MCU collects the vibration information monitored by the acceleration sensor through the AD conversion module, and the single-chip MCU sends it to the embedded computer module through the RS485 bus module and the CAN bus module MPU, embedded computer module MPU sends the collected discrete acceleration signals to the status monitoring server through the 4G transmission module.

As a further solution of the present invention: the CAN module of one road is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the single-chip MCU and the RS485 module is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the single-chip MCU module, and mutually authenticates, and the other CAN module is used to read the engine The real-time characteristic data (such as speed, power, fault signal, etc.) in the ECU is embedded in the computer module MPU to send all the data to the status monitoring server through the Web API through the 4G data transmission module.

As a further solution of the present invention: the Web API module is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the embedded computer module MPU and the real-time working condition data of the engine, and the signal processing module is used to process, analyze and extract the received acceleration signal, The pattern recognition module is used to carry out pattern recognition on the proposed eigenvectors, identify the health status of agricultural machinery gear transmission components through data-driven analysis methods, and determine their performance indicators.

As a further solution of the present invention: the data sent by the embedded computer module MPU to the state monitoring server includes acceleration signals of key transmission nodes, key information of the engine ECU (such as engine speed, real-time power, engine sub-diagnostic information), positioning information , machine identification code, operating status.

As a further solution of the present invention: the two CAN bus modules included in the embedded computer module MPU are MCP2515 SPI-to-CAN modules, which communicate with the CAN bus modules through the SPI bus through the CPU.

As a further solution of the present invention: the constant current excitation source is realized by the linear voltage stabilizing unit LM317, which uses its 1.25V reference voltage and a precision resistor to realize a 4mA constant current output, which is used to provide the excitation source for the acceleration sensor.

As a further solution of the present invention: the acceleration sensor is a general-purpose IEPE sensor with a driving voltage of 18-25V and a constant driving current of 4-20 mA.

As a further solution of the present invention: the single-chip microcomputer MCU module is a STM32F407ZGT6 type single-chip microcomputer, cooperates with a signal conditioning circuit, and draws CAN bus interface, RS485 interface, FSMC interface, part of GPIO interface and embedded computer module, AD conversion module through TJA1050, MAX3485 elements to communicate.

As a further solution of the present invention: the AD conversion module is a general AD7606 module, communicates with the single-chip MCU module through the FSMC interface, collects the analog signal in the ±10V range of the acceleration sensor output by 2 KHz sampling frequency and converts it into discrete digital signal.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The invention provides a large-scale agricultural machinery gear transmission component state monitoring equipment and monitoring method. The system is mainly composed of acceleration sensors, constant current excitation sources, AD acquisition modules, data transmission units and other main parts, and realizes agricultural machinery gear transmission by means of vibration detection. Component status monitoring and fault warning. The acceleration sensor installed at the key transmission node passes through the signal conditioning circuit to form a discrete value with a specific sampling frequency, and transmits the data to the vehicle terminal through the independent CAN bus according to the ISO 11783 protocol. The data transparent transmission module in the terminal passes through two CAN buses respectively. Acceleration sampling data of gear transmission parts and engine real-time characteristic data (such as speed, power) are obtained, and then the data is sent to the agricultural machinery remote status monitoring and fault early warning platform through the data transmission unit, and the data is mined by the pattern recognition module in the platform with pattern recognition. Finally, the comprehensive status monitoring and fault warning of "positioning + status + operation information" of agricultural machinery will be realized.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is an architecture diagram of the agricultural machinery gear transmission component data acquisition and remote condition monitoring system of the agricultural machinery gear transmission component data acquisition and remote condition monitoring system.

Figure 2 is the architecture diagram of the acceleration signal acquisition/transmission module in the data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the 4mA constant current excitation source in the data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figs. 1-3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition and remote state monitoring system of gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery includes an acceleration sensor, a constant current excitation source, an AD conversion module, a single-chip MCU, a CAN bus module, an RS485 bus module, an embedded Embedded computer module MPU, 4G transmission module, status monitoring server and software system, embedded computer module MPU includes two independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, multiple serial TTL interface modules and Mini PCI-E interface, status monitoring The server includes Web API service module, signal processing and pattern recognition module.

The constant current excitation source provides excitation for the acceleration sensor. The single-chip MCU collects the vibration information monitored by the acceleration sensor through the AD conversion module, and the single-chip MCU sends it to the embedded computer module MPU through the RS485 bus module and the CAN bus module. The transmission module sends the collected discrete acceleration signals to the state monitoring server.

One CAN module is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the single-chip MCU and the RS485 module is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the single-chip MCU module and verify each other. The other CAN module is used to read the real-time characteristic data in the engine ECU (such as speed, Power, fault signal, etc.), the embedded computer module MPU sends all the data to the status monitoring server through the Web API through the 4G data transmission module.

The Web API module is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the embedded computer module MPU and the real-time working condition data of the engine. The signal processing module is used to process, analyze and extract features from the received acceleration signal. The pattern recognition module is used to analyze the proposed features. Vector pattern recognition is carried out, and the health status of agricultural machinery gear transmission components is identified through data-driven analysis methods, and their performance indicators are determined.

The data sent by the embedded computer module MPU to the condition monitoring server includes acceleration signals of key transmission nodes, key information of the engine ECU (such as engine speed, real-time power, and engine sub-diagnosis information), positioning information, machine tool identification codes, and operating status.

The two CAN bus modules included in the embedded computer module MPU are MCP2515 SPI to CAN modules, which communicate with the CAN bus module through the SPI bus through the CPU.

The constant current excitation source is realized by the linear voltage regulator unit LM317, which uses its 1.25V reference voltage and precision resistors to realize a 4mA constant current output, which is used to provide the excitation source for the acceleration sensor.

The acceleration sensor is a general IEPE sensor with a driving voltage of 18-25V and a constant current of 4-20 mA.

The single-chip MCU module is STM32F407ZGT6 single-chip microcomputer, cooperates with the signal conditioning circuit, and leads CAN bus interface, RS485 interface, FSMC interface, part of GPIO interface to communicate with embedded computer module and AD conversion module through TJA1050 and MAX3485 components.

The AD conversion module is a general-purpose AD7606 module, which communicates with the single-chip MCU module through the FSMC interface, and collects the analog signal output by the acceleration sensor within the range of ±10V through the 2 KHz sampling frequency and converts it into a discrete digital signal.

The working principle of the present invention is:

As shown in the frame diagram of the data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery, the data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery proposed by the present invention mainly includes an IEPE type acceleration sensor, a 4mA constant current excitation source, and an AD7606 module. Digital conversion module, STM32F407ZGT6 microcontroller, MCP2515 SPI to CAN bus module, MAX3485 RS485 module, Allwinner T3 embedded computer module, 4G/Beidou positioning & transmission module, status monitoring server and corresponding software modules.

Select the gear transmission parts that need to be monitored, install the IEPE type acceleration sensor on the bearing seat of the measured object, and select the amount of signal source data to be monitored according to actual needs, usually 2 channels/measuring point, along the measuring point Mount the sensor horizontally and vertically. The IEPE type acceleration sensor needs to work under the drive of 24V DC voltage and 4mA constant current source, and convert the acceleration applied to its sensitive element from the outside into an analog voltage signal. The amplitude of the output voltage signal and the magnitude of the acceleration received Proportional.

Install the acceleration signal acquisition and transmission module near the selected measuring point. The structure is as shown in the architecture diagram of the acceleration signal acquisition/transmission module. The IEPE acceleration sensor is connected to the output interface of the 4mA constant current excitation source through the BNC interface, and through The output interface OUT is connected to the AD7606 analog-to-digital conversion module, and a decoupling capacitor is set between the AD7606 analog-to-digital conversion module and the BNC connection port of the acceleration sensor to filter out the DC bias signal in the signal output by the sensor, making it The amplitude oscillates around 0V in order to meet the sampling range of the AD7606 module.

The AD7606 module is a general-purpose module and can be purchased directly. Its data bus D0-D15 is connected with the data acquisition main control chip STM32F407ZGT6 through the analog parallel interface FMSC, and reads the number in the AD7606 internal sampling register at a high speed through the parallel interface, and one communication is completed. The reading of 16 data bits of a single channel makes it suitable for high-speed sampling mode. At the same time, STM32F407ZGT6 presents a fixed combination of high and low levels through the specified GPIO interface through software settings, and then sets the AD7606 module into a working mode of 4 times oversampling and ±10V sampling range, and the duty cycle generated by the timer is 90%. The 10 KHz PWM pulse width modulation signal is used to drive the AD7606 module for single sampling, so as to ensure the accuracy of the sampling frequency and lay a data foundation for signal analysis. At the same time, the STM32F407ZGT6 module detects the AD7606 sampling status through an external interrupt, and when the interrupt signal of its conversion completion is detected, the data is read into the memory.

The said STM32F407ZGT6 is a general module, built according to the open source scheme, including TJA1050 CAN transceiver and MAX3485 RS485 transceiver, and leads to the required GPIO interface, its own structure does not belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The module runs the FreeRTOS real-time operating system inside, and runs a total of 2 tasks: Task 1 is a data acquisition task, which starts the timer at a predetermined interval (1 hour by default) to generate a PWM signal, so as to start the AD7606 module to start data acquisition, and detect the sampled data Cache, when the number of sampling points reaches the predetermined number (20000), stop the sampling process and release the semaphore; task 2-bit data sending task, continuously query the semaphore status in the system, when the semaphore is released by task 1, that is When the single sampling task is completed, task 2 starts the data sending process. In order to ensure that the present invention can adapt to more equipment, it can communicate with the vehicle-mounted terminal through the RS485 bus and the CAN bus. First, based on the J1939 protocol, the collected data is packaged and sent, and the first frame is the sent data The total number of packets and the amount of data, starting from the second frame, send sampling data, the first two bytes of each frame of data are the data packet number corresponding to the current frame, the last six bytes are sampling data, and the system takes 20ms as the interval Send data until the data sending is completed. In addition, the system can also send data through the RS485 bus. Like the CAN bus, the first frame is the total number of data packets and the data length. Starting from the second frame, it is the sampled data sent. The frame structure is: the maximum length is 20 bytes, of which the first two bytes are the data packet number, the middle 16 bytes are the sent data, and the last two bytes are the CRC check value. During the communication process, both ends realize reliable transmission according to the data verification.

The Allwinner T3 embedded computer module is the core of the vehicle terminal, which runs the Linux 3.10 kernel and supports the QT5.9 software operating environment. It expands multiple CAN buses through the SPI to CAN module, and expands the RS485 bus interface through MAX3485. One of the CAN buses and the RS485 bus are connected to the STM32F407ZGT6 module to achieve the acquisition of the acceleration signal data of the selected monitoring point. The bus interface is connected with the engine ECU. While acquiring the acceleration signal, the instantaneous power and speed of the engine are read according to the J1939 protocol, and a multi-modal monitoring signal is formed with the collected acceleration signal. Monitoring the performance status of nodes lays the foundation for data.

The Allwinner T3 embedded computer module mainly runs two background services. The main task of service 1 is to receive acceleration signals. According to the packaging principle, the acceleration signals received by CAN bus 1 and RS485 bus are reorganized and verified. , to ensure the correctness of the data; the main task of service 2 is to receive the real-time data of the engine from another CAN bus, such as speed and real-time power, and form a multi-modal monitoring signal with the acceleration signal received by service 1, and pass the 3/4G module to The current GPS coordinates and monitoring data of the equipment are sent to the status monitoring server through WebAPI.

The state monitoring server is a purchased universal Alibaba Cloud server, which has a public domain name and runs a WebAPI module, a signal processing module and a pattern recognition module inside. First, the multi-modal signal sent by the agricultural machinery is received through the webAPI module, and then the received monitoring signal is normalized, denoised, and feature extracted through the signal processing module to form a feature vector; finally, the pre-trained pattern recognition module is used to determine The current state of the implement represented by the eigenvector corresponding to the monitoring signal received this time is used to judge and warn the operating state of the implement.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery, including an acceleration sensor, a constant current excitation source, an AD conversion module, a single-chip MCU, a CAN bus module, an RS485 bus module, an embedded computer module MPU, a 4G transmission module, The state monitoring server and software system are characterized in that: the embedded computer module MPU includes two independent CAN modules, one RS485 module, multiple serial TTL interface modules and Mini PCI-E interfaces, and the state monitoring server includes Web API service module, signal processing and pattern recognition module. 2. The agricultural machinery gear transmission part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant current excitation source provides excitation for the acceleration sensor, and the single-chip MCU collects the vibration information monitored by the acceleration sensor through the AD conversion module , single-chip MCU and send it to the embedded computer module MPU through the RS485 bus module and the CAN bus module, and the embedded computer module MPU sends the collected discrete acceleration signal to the status monitoring server through the 4G transmission module. 3. The agricultural machinery gear transmission part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CAN module of one road is respectively used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the single-chip MCU and the RS485 module is used to receive the acceleration signal sent by the single-chip MCU module. The other CAN module is used to read the real-time characteristic data in the engine ECU, and the embedded computer module MPU sends all the data to the status monitoring server through the Web API through the 4G data transmission module. 4. The agricultural machinery gear transmission part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Web API module is used to receive the acceleration signal and the engine real-time working condition data sent by the embedded computer module MPU, the signal The processing module is used for processing, analyzing and feature extraction of the received acceleration signal, and the pattern recognition module is used for pattern recognition of the proposed feature vector. 5. The data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery according to claim 1, wherein the data sent by the embedded computer module MPU to the state monitoring server includes acceleration signals of key transmission nodes, engine ECU key Information, positioning information, identification code of the machine itself, and operation status. 6. The agricultural machinery gear transmission part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two-way CAN bus module included in the embedded computer module MPU is an MCP2515 SPI to CAN module, through the CPU through the SPI The bus communicates with the CAN bus module. 7. The data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery according to claim 1, wherein the constant current excitation source is realized by a linear voltage stabilizing unit LM317, which is used to provide an excitation source for the acceleration sensor. 8. The data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration sensor is a general IEPE sensor. 9. The agricultural machinery gear transmission part data acquisition and remote state monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the MCU module of the single-chip microcomputer is a STM32F407ZGT6 type single-chip microcomputer, cooperates with the signal conditioning circuit, and draws the CAN bus interface, RS485 interface, FSMC interface, some GPIO interfaces communicate with the embedded computer module and AD conversion module. 10. The data acquisition and remote state monitoring system for gear transmission parts of agricultural machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the AD conversion module is a general AD7606 module, communicates with the MCU module of the single-chip microcomputer through the FSMC interface, and uses a sampling frequency of 2KHz Gather the analog signal output by the acceleration sensor within the range of ±10V and convert it into a discrete digital signal.

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