CN115852274A - Method for improving room-temperature tensile plasticity of Zr-based amorphous alloy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of Zr-based amorphous alloy, which adopts cold and hot circulation to improve the structural heterogeneity of nanometer scale in the amorphous alloy, and then utilizes a high-frequency vibration pressure head to prepare a micrometer-scale heterogeneous structural array on the surface of the amorphous alloy. More rheological units are activated in the amorphous alloy on the nanoscale, the expansion of a main shear band in the plastic deformation of the amorphous alloy is further hindered through a micron-scale non-uniform structure array, the generation of a composite shear band is promoted, and the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure amorphous alloy is improved under the multi-coupling action of the nano-scale non-uniform structure, the micron-scale non-uniform structure and a stress field thereof. The invention has important application value for promoting the application of high-performance amorphous alloy as a structural material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of a Zr-based amorphous alloy, which improves the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy by preparing a micro-nano composite non-uniform structure in the amorphous alloy, and belongs to the technical field of high-performance metal materials.
Background
The long-range disordered microstructure of the amorphous alloy brings a plurality of excellent service performances for the amorphous alloy, such as high strength, high hardness and high wear resistance, and the amorphous alloy is a novel structural material with wide application prospect. Due to the unique energy state, the amorphous alloy also has excellent soft magnetic performance, higher catalytic activity and better corrosion resistance, so that the amorphous alloy also has practical engineering application value in the field of functional materials. Therefore, the engineering application prospect and the important theoretical value of the amorphous alloy attract wide attention of scientific researchers, and the amorphous alloy becomes a research hotspot integrating multiple disciplines such as materials, physics, chemistry, mechanics, energy and the like.
Different from the plastic deformation mechanism of the traditional crystalline alloy which is dominated by dislocation, twin crystal, phase change and the like, under the room-temperature unidirectional tensile load, the deformation of the amorphous alloy is microscopically represented as high localization, macroscopically represented as rapid expansion along a main shear zone, and the system is represented as catastrophic brittle fracture. The lack of room temperature tensile plasticity seriously restricts the engineering application of amorphous alloy as a high-performance structural material, and becomes a bottleneck of the development of the field. Therefore, the improvement of the plastic deformation mechanism and the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy is an important difficult problem in the mechanical field of the amorphous alloy at present.
The method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy mainly comprises two methods, namely component optimization, microstructure regulation and control and the like. The N + ion irradiation is utilized to increase the disorder degree and the free volume content near the surface of the Cu-based amorphous alloy, and simultaneously, the phase transformation from B2 CuZr to B19' CuZr martensite is caused, so that the tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy is improved. But this method causes partial crystallization of the sample. By properly doping elements such as oxygen, boron and the like in the amorphous alloy, partial covalent bonds can be contributed to the system, so that the more obvious structural non-uniformity can obviously improve the tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy without losing the yield strength of the amorphous alloy. However, this method results in a decrease in glass forming ability of the amorphous alloy and a complicated preparation process. A metal glass sample with a regular micro-scale pore array is developed by adopting a thermoplastic molding die-casting mode, and controllable stretching ductility is obtained by regulating and controlling the size and spatial distribution of the pore array. However, this method has a great influence on the overall mechanical properties of the material, and the strength and stability of the structure are reduced. The amorphous alloy has a metastable structure and an atomic cluster configuration, which have a large influence on the plasticity of the amorphous alloy, but how to regulate the heterogeneous structure is still a challenge. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a simple and easy method for controlling the microscopic non-uniform structure of the amorphous alloy and further improve the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of a Zr-based amorphous alloy.
The technical scheme is as follows: according to the method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy, the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy is improved by preparing the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure, and the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure is obtained by preparing a micrometer-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of an amorphous alloy material with the non-uniform structure.
According to the technical scheme, the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the amorphous alloy is changed through cold-hot circulation, then the micrometer-scale heterogeneous structure array is prepared on the surface of the amorphous alloy through the high-frequency vibration pressure head, more rheological units are activated in the amorphous alloy from the nanometer scale, the expansion of a main shear band in the plastic deformation of the amorphous alloy is further hindered through the micrometer-scale heterogeneous structure array, the generation of a composite shear band is promoted, and the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the micro-nano composite heterogeneous structure amorphous alloy is improved under the multiple coupling effect of the nanometer-scale heterogeneous structure, the micrometer-scale heterogeneous structure and the stress field thereof.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the atomic percentage ranges of the components of the amorphous alloy material are as follows: cu:10 to 20 percent; ni:10 to 20 percent; al:10 to 20 percent; ti:2-5% and the balance of Zr.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the method specifically comprises the steps of:
firstly, smelting alloy solution in vacuum, spray-casting the alloy solution into a liquid nitrogen cooling copper mold, and quickly cooling to prepare a block amorphous alloy material;
step two, the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material is improved through cold and hot circulation, and the amorphous alloy material with higher heterogeneity degree is obtained;
and step three, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material to obtain the Zr-based amorphous alloy with the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure.
As a further improvement of the above, the first step includes the steps of:
(1) Weighing corresponding simple substance element raw materials according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy;
(2) Mixing the weighed simple substance element raw materials, putting the mixture into a vacuum arc melting furnace for melting for multiple times, and cooling to obtain an alloy ingot with uniform components;
(3) Under the vacuum condition, melting the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) into molten alloy, and spraying the molten alloy into a copper die cooled by liquid nitrogen, wherein compared with the cooling of the traditional water-cooled copper die, the cooling speed of the molten metal by the liquid nitrogen-cooled copper die is higher, and the amorphous alloy material with higher rheological unit content, namely the amorphous alloy with higher non-uniformity degree, can be obtained;
(4) And (4) processing the amorphous alloy material prepared in the step (3) into a tensile sample.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the second step comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the amorphous alloy material into liquid nitrogen, and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes to fully cool the sample;
(2) Taking out the sample and putting the sample into a container with the water temperature of 30-60 ℃ for heat preservation for 5-10 minutes to fully heat the sample;
(3) Repeating the step (1) and the step (2) for 10-30 times alternately.
Due to intrinsic non-uniformity in the amorphous alloy structure, the expansion and shrinkage rates of the local structure are different in the cold-hot circulation treatment process, and the structural non-uniformity degree of the amorphous alloy can be further improved through multiple cold-hot circulation.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the third step comprises the following steps:
(1) Fixing an amorphous alloy material on a high-frequency vibration platform, applying high-frequency load to the upper surface and the lower surface of the amorphous alloy in a micron region range by adopting a hemispherical pressure head within an elastic deformation stress range, and changing the energy state and microstructure of the amorphous alloy through energy input to realize non-uniform structure regulation and control in the amorphous alloy micron region range;
(2) And (3) designing different micrometer-scale arrays on the upper surface and the lower surface of the amorphous alloy material by using a high-precision two-dimensional moving sliding table, and repeating the step (1) for the designed array dot matrix in sequence to prepare a micrometer-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), the load applied by the hemispherical indenter is 40-60% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, so that the amorphous alloy material is in the elastic deformation region.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), the diameter of the contact area of the hemispherical indenter and the amorphous alloy material is 50-200 μm, the distance between the array points is 2 times of the diameter of the contact area, and the array shape is square.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), the vibration frequency of the high-frequency vibration platform is 100-10000Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 20-50 μm.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the step (2), the vibration loading time of each array point is 0.1-1 second.
According to the invention, a nano and micron scale micro-nano composite non-uniform structure is prepared in the amorphous alloy material through cold-heat circulation and high-frequency vibration, more rheological units are activated on the nano scale, the expansion of a main shear band in the plastic deformation of the amorphous alloy material is hindered through a micron scale non-uniform structure array, the generation of the composite shear band is promoted, and the room temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy is improved under the multiple coupling action of the nano and micron scale non-uniform structure and a stress field thereof. The processing method provided by the invention has important application value for promoting the application of high-performance amorphous alloy as a structural material.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) The improvement of the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy is achieved through a convenient and simple process, and the specific part of the amorphous alloy material can be precisely subjected to targeted treatment;
(2) The high-frequency vibration loading load is in the elastic deformation range of the amorphous alloy material, the macro structure of the material is not changed, and the properties of the amorphous alloy material component such as stability, strength and the like are not lost;
(3) The influence of element addition on the glass forming capability of an amorphous alloy system is avoided, a heat treatment process is not needed in the treatment process, crystallization of an amorphous alloy material is not caused, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a technical scheme for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of amorphous alloy by micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation: (a) Preparing an amorphous alloy material and a microstructure schematic diagram thereof by a spray casting rapid solidification method; (b) A schematic diagram for promoting the evolution of a nanoscale non-uniform structure in the amorphous alloy under the action of cold-heat circulation; (c) A controllable preparation schematic diagram of a micron-scale non-uniform structure array in the amorphous alloy under the action of high-frequency vibration; and (d) a tensile plasticity test schematic diagram of the amorphous alloy material.
FIG. 2 is X-ray diffraction patterns of as-cast amorphous alloy and amorphous alloy after micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation treatment.
FIG. 3 is a room temperature tensile stress-strain curve of as-cast amorphous alloy and amorphous alloy after micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation treatment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a universal testing machine is used for carrying out room-temperature uniaxial tensile test on the Zr-based amorphous alloy material until the amorphous alloy material is broken, the size and experimental data of a sample are recorded to obtain an engineering stress-strain curve, room-temperature tensile plasticity data of the amorphous alloy material is calculated, and room-temperature tensile plasticity of materials processed by different processes is evaluated.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of a Zr-based amorphous alloy, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, preparing a block amorphous alloy material by vacuum melting an alloy solution and spray casting the alloy solution into a liquid nitrogen cooling copper mold through rapid cooling: according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy material, weighing simple substance elements with corresponding weight, and melting in a vacuum arc furnace to obtain Zr as an atomic component 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The homogeneous alloy ingot of (1). Under the protection of Ar gas, carrying out induction remelting on the alloy cast ingot in a quartz tube, then spraying the alloy melt into a copper mold cooled by liquid nitrogen, and rapidly cooling to prepare Zr with the thickness of 1mm and the width of 5mm 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The amorphous alloy sheet material. And (3) grinding the sample by using 2000# sand paper until the thickness is 300 mu m, improving the surface quality of the amorphous alloy material by using mechanical polishing, and preparing an amorphous alloy tensile sample by using spark wire cutting or laser cutting.
Step two, improving the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material through cold and hot circulation to obtain the amorphous alloy material with higher structural heterogeneity:
the amorphous alloy tensile sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation for 10 minutes, then the sample is taken out and placed in a container with the water bath temperature of 40 ℃ for heat preservation for 10 minutes, and the cold-hot cycle is alternately repeated for 30 times.
Step three, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material:
fixing an amorphous alloy tensile sample on a high-frequency vibration platform, applying loads to the upper surface and the lower surface of an amorphous alloy material respectively by using a hemispherical pressure head, wherein the load value is 40% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, the sample is positioned in an elastic deformation area, the diameter of a contact area between the hemispherical pressure head and the sample is 50 mu m, the distance between array points is 100 mu m, the array shape is square, the high-frequency vibration load frequency is 10000Hz, the amplitude is 20 mu m, and the high-frequency vibration loading time of each array point is 1 second. For the processed sample, a universal tensile testing machine is used for carrying out room temperature quasi-static tensile test on the cast amorphous alloy material and the amorphous alloy which is not processed by the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation, and the loading speed is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 s -1 And obtaining a stress-strain curve, and calculating the tensile plasticity, yield strength and other information of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the processed amorphous alloy.
X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the amorphous alloy prepared and processed by the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure are shown in figure 2, and it can be seen from the figure that the prepared as-cast material and the processed material are both amorphous structures. Fig. 3 is a room temperature tensile stress-strain curve of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the amorphous alloy after the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation treatment, and it can be seen that the as-cast amorphous alloy sample is brittle fracture and has no plastic deformation, and the amorphous alloy sample after the treatment shows a certain tensile plasticity, and the plastic deformation reaches 0.69%.
From the above results it follows: the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr amorphous alloy can be obviously improved through the preparation treatment of the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of a Zr-based amorphous alloy, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, preparing a block amorphous alloy material by vacuum melting an alloy solution and spray casting the alloy solution into a liquid nitrogen cooling copper mould through rapid cooling:
according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy material, simple substance elements with corresponding weight are weighed and melted in a vacuum arc furnace to obtain the amorphous alloy with the atomic compositionZr 55 Cu 10 Ni 20 Al 10 Ti 5 The uniform alloy ingot. Under the protection of Ar gas, carrying out induction remelting on the alloy cast ingot in a quartz tube, then spraying the alloy melt into a copper mold cooled by liquid nitrogen, and rapidly cooling to prepare Zr with the thickness of 1mm and the width of 5mm 55 Cu 10 Ni 20 Al 10 Ti 5 The amorphous alloy sheet material. And grinding the sample by using No. 2000 abrasive paper until the thickness is 300 mu m, improving the surface quality of the amorphous alloy material by using mechanical polishing, and preparing an amorphous alloy tensile sample by using spark wire cutting or laser cutting.
Step two, improving the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material through cold and hot circulation to obtain the amorphous alloy material with higher structural heterogeneity:
the amorphous alloy tensile sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation for 5 minutes, then the sample is taken out and placed in a container with the water bath temperature of 60 ℃ for heat preservation for 5 minutes, and the cold-hot cycle is alternately repeated for 10 times.
Step three, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material:
fixing an amorphous alloy tensile sample on a high-frequency vibration platform, respectively applying loads to the upper surface and the lower surface of an amorphous alloy material by using a hemispherical pressure head, wherein the load value is 60% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, so that the sample is positioned in an elastic deformation area, the diameter of a contact area between the hemispherical pressure head and the sample is 200 mu m, the distance between array points is 400 mu m, the array shape is square, the high-frequency vibration load frequency is 100Hz, the amplitude is 50 mu m, and the high-frequency vibration loading time of each array point is 0.1 second. For the processed sample, a universal tensile testing machine is used for carrying out room temperature quasi-static tensile test on the cast amorphous alloy material and the amorphous alloy which is not processed by the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation, and the loading speed is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 s -1 And obtaining a stress-strain curve, and calculating the tensile plasticity, yield strength and other information of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the processed amorphous alloy. The processed amorphous alloy sample shows certain tensile plasticity, and the plastic deformation reaches 0.57%.
From the above results it follows: the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr amorphous alloy can be obviously improved through the preparation treatment of the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of a Zr-based amorphous alloy, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, preparing a block amorphous alloy material by vacuum melting an alloy solution and spray casting the alloy solution into a liquid nitrogen cooling copper mold through rapid cooling: according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy material, weighing simple substance elements with corresponding weight, and melting in a vacuum arc furnace to obtain Zr as an atomic component 55 Cu 10 Ni 10 Al 20 Ti 5 The uniform alloy ingot. Under the protection of Ar gas, carrying out induction remelting on the alloy cast ingot in a quartz tube, then spraying the alloy melt into a copper mold cooled by liquid nitrogen, and rapidly cooling to prepare Zr with the thickness of 1mm and the width of 5mm 55 Cu 10 Ni 10 Al 20 Ti 5 The amorphous alloy sheet material. And (3) grinding the sample by using 2000# sand paper until the thickness is 300 mu m, improving the surface quality of the amorphous alloy material by using mechanical polishing, and preparing an amorphous alloy tensile sample by using spark wire cutting or laser cutting.
Step two, improving the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material through cold and hot circulation to obtain the amorphous alloy material with higher structural heterogeneity:
the amorphous alloy tensile sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation for 8 minutes, then the sample is taken out and placed in a container with the water bath temperature of 30 ℃ for heat preservation for 7 minutes, and the cold-hot cycle is alternately repeated for 20 times.
Step three, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material:
fixing an amorphous alloy tensile sample on a high-frequency vibration platform, respectively applying loads to the upper surface and the lower surface of an amorphous alloy material by using a hemispherical pressure head, wherein the load value is 50% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, so that the sample is positioned in an elastic deformation area, the diameter of a contact area between the hemispherical pressure head and the sample is 100 micrometers, the distance between array points is 200 micrometers, the array shape is square, and the high-frequency vibration platform is used for vibrating the amorphous alloy material at high frequencyThe dynamic load frequency was 1000Hz, the amplitude was 300 μm, and the dither loading time per array point was 0.5 seconds. For the processed sample, a universal tensile testing machine is used for carrying out room temperature quasi-static tensile test on the cast amorphous alloy material and the amorphous alloy which is not processed by the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation, and the loading speed is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 s -1 And obtaining a stress-strain curve, and calculating the tensile plasticity, yield strength and other information of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the processed amorphous alloy. The processed amorphous alloy sample shows certain tensile plasticity, and the plastic deformation reaches 0.63%.
From the above results it follows: the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr amorphous alloy can be obviously improved through the preparation treatment of the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the difference of the method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy is that the cooling method for preparing the amorphous alloy in the step one is a water-cooling copper mold, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a block amorphous alloy material by vacuum melting, spray casting and cooling: according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy material, weighing simple substance elements with corresponding weight, and melting in a vacuum arc furnace to obtain the amorphous alloy material with the atomic component of Zr 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The uniform alloy ingot. Under the protection of Ar gas, carrying out induction remelting on the alloy cast ingot in a quartz tube, then spraying the alloy melt into a water-cooled copper mold, and cooling to prepare Zr with the thickness of 1mm and the width of 5mm 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The amorphous alloy sheet material. And (3) grinding the sample by using 2000# sand paper until the thickness is 300 mu m, improving the surface quality of the amorphous alloy material by using mechanical polishing, and preparing an amorphous alloy tensile sample by using spark wire cutting or laser cutting.
Step two, improving the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material through cold and hot circulation to obtain the amorphous alloy material with higher structural heterogeneity:
the amorphous alloy tensile sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation for 10 minutes, then the sample is taken out and placed in a container with the water bath temperature of 40 ℃ for heat preservation for 10 minutes, and the cold-hot cycle is alternately repeated for 30 times.
Step three, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material:
fixing an amorphous alloy tensile sample on a high-frequency vibration platform, applying loads to the upper surface and the lower surface of an amorphous alloy material respectively by using a hemispherical pressure head, wherein the load value is 40% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, the sample is positioned in an elastic deformation area, the diameter of a contact area between the hemispherical pressure head and the sample is 50 mu m, the distance between array points is 100 mu m, the array shape is square, the high-frequency vibration load frequency is 10000Hz, the amplitude is 20 mu m, and the high-frequency vibration loading time of each array point is 1 second. For the processed sample, a universal tensile testing machine is used for carrying out room temperature quasi-static tensile test on the cast amorphous alloy material and the amorphous alloy which is not processed by the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation, and the loading speed is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 s -1 And obtaining a stress-strain curve, and calculating the tensile plasticity, yield strength and other information of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the processed amorphous alloy. The processed amorphous alloy sample shows certain tensile plasticity, and the plastic deformation reaches 0.34%.
From the above results it follows: for the Zr-based amorphous alloy prepared by cooling the water-cooled copper mold, the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy can be improved by the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure preparation treatment, but the improvement amount is not as high as that of the Zr-based amorphous alloy prepared by cooling the copper mold by liquid nitrogen.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy is different from the method in the third step in that the treatment step of the third step is not adopted, and only the first step and the second step are used for treating the amorphous alloy, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a block amorphous alloy material by vacuum melting, spray casting and rapid cooling:
according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy material, weighing simple substance elements with corresponding weight and melting in a vacuum arc furnace to obtain atomic componentsIs Zr 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The uniform alloy ingot. Under the protection of Ar gas, carrying out induction remelting on the alloy cast ingot in a quartz tube, then spraying the alloy melt into a copper mold cooled by liquid nitrogen, and rapidly cooling to prepare Zr with the thickness of 1mm and the width of 5mm 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The amorphous alloy sheet material. And (3) grinding the sample by using 2000# sand paper until the thickness is 300 mu m, improving the surface quality of the amorphous alloy material by using mechanical polishing, and preparing an amorphous alloy tensile sample by using spark wire cutting or laser cutting.
Step two, improving the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material through cold and hot circulation to obtain the amorphous alloy material with higher structural heterogeneity:
the amorphous alloy tensile sample is placed in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation for 10 minutes, then the sample is taken out and placed in a container with the water bath temperature of 40 ℃ for heat preservation for 10 minutes, and the cold-hot cycle is alternately repeated for 30 times.
For the sample after the treatment, a universal tensile testing machine is used for carrying out room temperature quasi-static tensile test on the cast amorphous alloy material and the amorphous alloy after the cold-hot cycle treatment, and the loading speed is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 s -1 And obtaining a stress-strain curve, and calculating the tensile plasticity, yield strength and other information of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the processed amorphous alloy. The treated amorphous alloy sample showed brittle fracture and the tensile plasticity was close to 0. From the above results it follows: the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr amorphous alloy cannot be improved by only the cold-heat cycle.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy is different from the method in the step two in that the amorphous alloy is processed only by the step one and the step three without adopting the processing step of the step two, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a block amorphous alloy material by vacuum melting, spray casting and rapid cooling: according to the chemical formula of the amorphous alloy material, weighing simple substance elements with corresponding weight and carrying out vacuum treatment on the simple substance elementsMelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain Zr as an atomic component 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The uniform alloy ingot. Under the protection of Ar gas, carrying out induction remelting on the alloy cast ingot in a quartz tube, then spraying the alloy melt into a copper mold cooled by liquid nitrogen, and rapidly cooling to prepare Zr with the thickness of 1mm and the width of 5mm 58 Cu 20 Ni 10 Al 10 Ti 2 The amorphous alloy sheet material. And (3) grinding the sample by using 2000# sand paper until the thickness is 300 mu m, improving the surface quality of the amorphous alloy material by using mechanical polishing, and preparing an amorphous alloy tensile sample by using spark wire cutting or laser cutting.
Step two, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material:
fixing an amorphous alloy tensile sample on a high-frequency vibration platform, applying loads to the upper surface and the lower surface of an amorphous alloy material respectively by using a hemispherical pressure head, wherein the load value is 40% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, the sample is positioned in an elastic deformation area, the diameter of a contact area between the hemispherical pressure head and the sample is 50 mu m, the distance between array points is 100 mu m, the array shape is square, the high-frequency vibration load frequency is 10000Hz, the amplitude is 20 mu m, and the high-frequency vibration loading time of each array point is 1 second.
For the sample after the treatment, a universal tensile testing machine is used for carrying out room temperature quasi-static tensile test on the cast amorphous alloy material and the amorphous alloy subjected to the preparation treatment of the micron-scale non-uniform structure array, and the loading speed is 1 multiplied by 10 - 5 s -1 And obtaining a stress-strain curve, and calculating the tensile plasticity, yield strength and other information of the as-cast amorphous alloy and the amorphous alloy subjected to the micron-scale heterogeneous structure array preparation treatment. The amorphous alloy sample subjected to the micron-scale heterogeneous structure array preparation treatment only shows certain tensile plasticity, but the tensile plastic deformation is only 0.16%. From the above results it follows: the preparation of the micron non-uniform structure array only through high-frequency vibration can only improve the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr amorphous alloy in a trace manner.
It can be demonstrated by the above examples and comparative examples that the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy can not be improved significantly by only preparing the micro-non-uniform structure array through a single cold-hot cycle and high-frequency vibration. Under the condition of preparing the amorphous alloy with higher non-uniform degree by using liquid nitrogen cooling copper die spray casting, the structural non-uniformity of the nano scale in the amorphous alloy is improved through cold and hot circulation, a pressure head is further utilized to vibrate at high frequency to prepare a micro-scale non-uniform structural array on the surface of the amorphous alloy, more rheological units are activated on the nano scale, the expansion of a main shear band in plastic deformation is hindered through the micro-scale non-uniform structural array, the generation of a composite shear band is promoted, and the room temperature tensile plasticity of the micro-nano composite non-uniform structural amorphous alloy can be obviously improved under the multiple coupling action of the nano and micro-scale non-uniform structures and stress fields thereof.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications, combinations, partial combinations, and substitutions made according to the design concept of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy is characterized by improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the amorphous alloy by preparing a micro-nano composite non-uniform structure, wherein the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure is obtained by preparing a micro-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of an amorphous alloy material with a nano-scale non-uniform structure.
2. The method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous alloy material comprises the following components in atomic percentage: cu:10 to 20 percent; ni:10 to 20 percent; al:10 to 20 percent; ti:2-5 percent of Zr and the balance of Zr.
3. The method for improving the room-temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, smelting alloy solution in vacuum, spray-casting the alloy solution into a liquid nitrogen cooling copper mold, and quickly cooling to prepare a block amorphous alloy material;
step two, the structural heterogeneity of the nanometer scale in the bulk amorphous alloy material is improved through cold and hot circulation, and the amorphous alloy material with higher structural heterogeneity is obtained;
and step three, preparing a micron-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material to obtain the Zr-based amorphous alloy with the micro-nano composite non-uniform structure.
4. The method for improving the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3, wherein the step one comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing corresponding simple substance element raw materials according to a chemical formula of the amorphous alloy;
(2) Mixing the weighed simple substance element raw materials, putting the mixture into a vacuum arc melting furnace for melting for multiple times, and cooling to obtain an alloy ingot with uniform components;
(3) Under the vacuum condition, melting the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) into molten alloy, spraying the molten alloy into a copper mold cooled by liquid nitrogen, and rapidly cooling to obtain an amorphous alloy material with high rheological unit content;
(4) And (4) processing the amorphous alloy material prepared in the step (3) into a tensile sample.
5. The method for improving the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3, wherein the second step comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the amorphous alloy material into liquid nitrogen, and preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes to fully cool the sample;
(2) Taking out the sample, and putting the sample into a container with the water temperature of 30-60 ℃ for heat preservation for 5-10 minutes to fully heat the sample;
(3) Repeating the step (1) and the step (2) for 10-30 times alternately.
6. The method for improving the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 3, wherein the third step comprises the following steps:
(1) Fixing the amorphous alloy material on a high-frequency vibration platform, applying high-frequency load to the upper surface and the lower surface of the amorphous alloy in a micron area range by adopting a hemispherical pressure head within an elastic deformation stress range, and changing the energy state and microstructure of the amorphous alloy through energy input to realize non-uniform structure regulation and control within the amorphous alloy micron area range;
(2) And (3) designing different micrometer-scale arrays on the upper surface and the lower surface of the amorphous alloy material by using a high-precision two-dimensional moving sliding table, and repeating the step (1) for the designed array dot matrix in sequence to prepare a micrometer-scale non-uniform structure array on the surface of the amorphous alloy material.
7. The method for improving the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the hemispherical indenter applies a load which is 40-60% of the yield strength of the amorphous alloy material, so that the amorphous alloy material is in an elastic deformation region.
8. The method for improving the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the diameter of a contact area between the hemispherical indenter and the amorphous alloy material is 50-200 μm, the distance between array points is 2 times of the diameter of the contact area, and the shape of the array is square.
9. The method for improving room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the high-frequency vibration platform has a vibration frequency of 100 to 10000Hz and a vibration amplitude of 20 to 50 μm.
10. The method for improving the room temperature tensile plasticity of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the vibration loading time of each array point is 0.1-1 second.
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