CN115852220B - SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant-temperature aging dimensional change and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant-temperature aging dimensional change and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115852220B CN115852220B CN202211607970.9A CN202211607970A CN115852220B CN 115852220 B CN115852220 B CN 115852220B CN 202211607970 A CN202211607970 A CN 202211607970A CN 115852220 B CN115852220 B CN 115852220B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sicp
- composite material
- alloy
- preform
- matrix alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910019064 Mg-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019406 Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change and a preparation method thereof, S1: pressing and preheating SiCp preformed body, and weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material; s2: smelting a matrix alloy raw material to obtain a matrix alloy melt; s3: impregnating the matrix alloy melt into the pressed SiCp preform to obtain a SiCp-Al composite material; s4: performing heat treatment on the SiCp-Al composite material; compared with the prior composite material, the SiCp-Al composite material obtained by the design and proportion regulation of matrix alloy components and the heat treatment has obviously reduced dimensional change rate in the constant temperature aging process, obviously improved dimensional stability and the final dimensional change rate of less than 10 on the premise of equivalent strength and elongation ‑6 The dimensional stability of the SiCp-Al composite material in the constant temperature aging process is effectively improved, and the problem of low dimensional stability of the SiCp-Al composite material caused by phase precipitation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Dimensional stability refers to the ability of a material or part to maintain its original size and shape under conditions of constant temperature, temperature cycling, vibration, shock, irradiation, etc. in service for a long period of time, such as several years or more than ten years, and is a basic attribute of a material, and is gradually known and emphasized with the development of "precision" of mechanical instrument equipment;
through long-term exploration and experiment of researchers, an Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy with high dimensional stability has been prepared. However, according to different requirements of application environment on mechanical properties of materials and excellent isotropic mechanical properties, high strength, high specific stiffness and high thermal conductivity of the SiCp/Al composite material, the requirements of the aerospace field on the aluminum-based composite material are rapidly increased, and the dimensional stability problem of the SiCp/Al composite material also needs to be solved;
the addition of the reinforced particles SiCp can bring great influence to the constant temperature aging dimensional stability of the material;
in the SiCp/Al composite material, a large number of interfaces exist between the reinforcement and the matrix due to the large specific surface area of the particles; when the aluminum alloy is used as a matrix, the phenomena of oxide, element enrichment and the like can occur on the interface; researches show that the SiCp reinforced aluminum-based (2-system, 6-system and 7-system) composite material has the enrichment phenomenon of alloy elements on interfaces, wherein the most serious segregation is Mg element and is combined with oxide SiO on the surface of SiCp 2 Acting to form MgAl 2 O 4 The solute elements are caused to be biased on the particle surfaces, so that the solute elements in the matrix are reduced, the types and the contents of precipitated phases in the matrix are further influenced, and the constant-temperature aging dimensional stability of the SiCp/Al composite material is further influenced; at the same time, different SiCp grain sizesThe size and the volume fraction can bring different influences on the constant-temperature aging size of the SiCp/Al composite material;
when the matrix alloy element of the aluminum matrix composite material is mainly Cu and Mg elements, the precipitated phase in the matrix is mainly S' phase (Al 2 CuMg) and theta' phases (Al 2 Cu), both precipitated phases have a higher density than the matrix alloy, and both cause a reduction in the volume of the composite.
For example, patent CN202010397816.8 mentions an Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy with high dimensional stability, whereas when SiCp is added, the dimensional change rate during aging as SiCp/2024Al is 3.5X10 -4 The size of the cylindrical material corresponding to a length of 10mm increases by 3.5 μm. In order to obtain high dimensional stability of the composite material with the Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrix in constant temperature aging, the constant temperature aging dimensional change of SiCp/Al is regulated and controlled by increasing the S 'and theta' phase content which can reduce the size of the material. The change of the matrix alloy composition caused by the element segregation at the interface can be regulated and controlled by increasing the mass fraction of solute elements.
Therefore, the novel SiCp/Al (SiCp particles are 5 mu m, the volume fraction is less than 55%) composite material is researched, the problems of volume fraction of the reinforcement, segregation of solute elements on the interface of the reinforcement and a matrix and types and contents of precipitated phases in the matrix are considered, the components are precisely regulated and controlled, the types and the amounts of the alloy precipitated phases are finely designed, the SiCp/Al (SiCp particles are 5 mu m, the volume fraction is less than 55%) composite material with high dimensional stability in the constant temperature aging process is obtained, the problem of dimensional change of the material under long-term constant temperature storage and application is solved, and the novel aluminum-based composite material has important engineering application value on precision devices such as inertial instruments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a SiCp-Al composite material with stable dimensional change in constant temperature aging and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problem of poor dimensional change stability in the constant temperature aging process of the SiCp-Al composite material in the prior art and solve the problems of the volume fraction of different SiCps, and the variety and content change of precipitated phases in a matrix caused by segregation and reaction of solute elements on the interface of the SiCps and the matrix.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:4.5 to 8.1 percent of Mg:2% -3.8%, si:0 to 0.7 percent, and the balance of Al;
volume fraction V of SiCp and mass fraction m of Mg Mg The relation is satisfied: m is m Mg =2+ (0.028 to 0.032) V, cu and Mg mass ratio K1 satisfies: 2.22<K1<2.40, the mass ratio K2 of Mg and Si satisfies: 5<K2<10.5, the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
The preparation method of the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change comprises the following steps:
s1: pressing and preheating SiCp preformed body, and weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
s2: smelting a matrix alloy raw material to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating the matrix alloy melt into the pressed SiCp preform to obtain a SiCp-Al composite material;
s4: performing heat treatment on the SiCp-Al composite material;
the mass percentage of the raw materials of the matrix alloy is as follows: cu:4.5 to 8.1 percent of Mg:2% -3.8%, si:0 to 0.7 percent, and the balance of Al;
volume fraction V of SiCp and mass fraction m of Mg Mg The relation is satisfied: m is m Mg =2+ (0.028 to 0.032) V, cu and Mg mass ratio K1 satisfies: 2.22<K1<2.40, the mass ratio K2 of Mg and Si satisfies: 5<K2<10.5, the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
the Al is provided by taking one or more of pure Al, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Mg-Si alloy as raw materials; cu is provided by taking one or more of pure Cu, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Cu alloy as raw materials; mg is provided by taking one or more of pure Mg, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Mg alloy as raw materials; si is provided by taking one or more of pure Si, al-Mg-Si alloy and Al-Si alloy as raw materials;
the pressed SiCp preform comprises the steps of:
s11: screening 5 mu m SiCp particles;
s12, calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in the SiCp-Al composite material according to different SiCp volume fractions, wherein the SiCp volume fraction is less than 55%, and pressing SiCp particles in a die according to calculation to form the SiCp preform;
when V is more than 30%, the weight of SiCp is obtained by multiplying the volume fraction and the density of SiCp by the volume of the preset composite material, then the weighed SiCp is pressed in a mould to obtain a preform, and the pressing speed is 0.1-3 mm/min and the pressing speed is 4-8 MPa. When V is less than or equal to 30%, mixing SiCp with aluminum powder to obtain mixed preform powder with the volume fraction of 50%, calculating the mass of SiCp to be weighed, weighing aluminum powder to obtain the rest mass, pressing the mixed preform powder in a die at the pressing speed of 0.1-3 mm/min, and pressing to 4-8 MPa. And then heating the preform to 400-450 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-10 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform.
The smelting temperature of the matrix alloy raw material in the step S2 is 780-800 ℃;
in the step S3, the matrix alloy melt is infiltrated into the pressed preheated SiCp preform, and the pressure of 50-100 MPa is applied under the protection of argon during die casting to infiltrate the matrix alloy melt of the aluminum matrix composite material into the SiCp preform.
The heat treatment is T6 process, solution treatment is carried out for 1 hour at 490-500 ℃, then water quenching is carried out for less than 10S, then aging is carried out for 48 hours at the constant temperature of 190 ℃, and the precipitated phase in the heat treatment process of the SiCp-Al composite material is needle-shaped S' phase (Al 2 CuMg) and theta' phases (Al 2 Cu)。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. compared with the prior composite material, the SiCp-Al composite material obtained by the invention through the design and proportion regulation of matrix alloy components and the heat treatment has obviously reduced dimensional change rate in the constant temperature aging process and obviously improved dimensional stability and the final dimensional change rate smaller than that of the prior composite material on the premise of equivalent strength and elongation10 -6 The dimensional stability is far higher than that of the conventional aluminum-based composite materials such as SiCp/2024Al, siCp/6061Al, siCp/7075Al and the like, the dimensional stability of the SiCp-Al composite material in the constant-temperature aging process is effectively improved, the long-term use requirement of inertial instruments and meters is met, and the problem of low dimensional stability of the SiCp-Al composite material caused by phase precipitation is fundamentally solved;
2. the precipitated phase of the SiCp-Al composite material in the heat treatment process is S' phase (Al 2 CuMg) and theta' phases (Al 2 Cu) is the strengthening phase of the SiCp-Al composite material, so that the dimensional stability of the SiCp-Al composite material is improved and the strength is ensured;
3. the SiCp-Al composite material does not contain expensive elements, rare elements or toxic elements, so that the SiCp-Al composite material has low price, the preparation process of the SiCp-Al composite material is safe, simple and easy to operate, and the application range is wide, and the SiCp-Al composite material can be popularized and applied on a large scale.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of dimensional change of a SiCp-Al composite of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a TEM morphology of the precipitated phase of SiCp/Al prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a HAADF diagram of the precipitated phase in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an Al surface view of the precipitated phase in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a Si-faced view of the precipitated phase in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a Cu surface view of the precipitated phase in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a Mg surface view of the precipitated phase in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a Mn surface view of the precipitated phase in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a TEM morphology of the precipitated phase of SiCp/Al prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a HAADF diagram of the precipitated phase of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an Al surface view of the precipitated phase of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a Si-faced view of the precipitated phase of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a Cu surface view of the precipitated phase of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a Mg surface view of the precipitated phase of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a Mn surface view of the precipitated phase of example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:4.5 to 8.1 percent of Mg:2% -3.8%, si:0 to 0.7 percent, and the balance of Al; volume fraction V of SiCp and mass fraction m of Mg Mg The relation is satisfied: m is m Mg =2+ (0.028 to 0.032) V, cu and Mg mass ratio K1 satisfies: 2.22<K1<2.40, the mass ratio K2 of Mg and Si satisfies: 5<K2<10.5, the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
preferably, when the volume fraction of SiCp in the SiCp-Al composite material matrix alloy is 45%, the mass percentages of elements are as follows: cu:7.7%, mg:3.35%, si:0.56 percent, al is the rest, wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
preferably, when the volume fraction of SiCp in the SiCp-Al composite material matrix alloy is 15%, the mass percentages of elements are as follows: cu:5.64%, mg:2.45%, si:0.35%, siCp 15% by volume and Al the balance. Wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
the preparation method of the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, pressing SiCp preformed body, firstly screening SiCp particles of 5 mu m, calculating the volume of the SiCp preformed body in the SiCp-Al composite material according to different SiCp volume fractions, wherein the SiCp volume fraction is less than 55%, and pressing the SiCp particles in a die according to calculation to form the SiCp preformed body; the average diameter of SiCp particles is 5 mu m, and the volume fraction of SiCp is 45%;
v > 30%, the volume fraction and density of SiCp are multiplied by the predetermined composite volume (density 3.22 g/cm) 3 ) The quality of the SiCp is obtained, then the SiCp is pressed in a mould to obtain a preform, the pressing speed is 0.1-3 mm/min, and the pressing speed is 4-8 MPa. When V is less than or equal to 30%, mixing SiCp with aluminum powder to obtain mixed preform powder with the volume fraction of 50%, calculating the mass of SiCp to be weighed, weighing aluminum powder to obtain the rest mass, pressing the mixed preform powder in a die at the pressing speed of 0.1-3 mm/min, and pressing to 4-8 MPa. Then heating the preform to 400-450 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-10 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform;
weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material; the composite material matrix alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:4.5 to 8.1 percent of Mg:2% -3.8%, si:0 to 0.7 percent, al is the rest, and the volume fraction V of the reinforcement and the mass fraction m of Mg Mg The relation is satisfied: m is m Mg =2+ (0.028 to 0.032) V, cu and Mg mass ratio K1 satisfies: 2.22<K1<2.40, the mass ratio K2 of Mg and Si satisfies: 5<K2<10.5, wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s2: smelting, namely smelting the base alloy raw material at 780-800 ℃ to obtain a base alloy melt;
s3: impregnating the matrix alloy melt into the pressed SiCp preform; applying pressure of 50-100 MPa under the protection of argon gas during die casting to impregnate a matrix alloy melt of the aluminum-based composite material into the SiCp preform, wherein the adopted die is a graphite die to obtain the SiCp-Al composite material, and the SiCp-Al composite material always applies pressure in the process of compounding and solidifying the melt, so that the composite material can be kept compact and prevented from shrinkage cavity in the solidification process, and finally air cooling is carried out to room temperature and demoulding is carried out;
s4: performing T6 heat treatment on the SiCp-Al composite material to finish the process;
the Al is provided by taking one or more of pure Al, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Mg-Si alloy as raw materials; cu is provided by taking one or more of pure Cu, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Cu alloy as raw materials; mg is provided by taking one or more of pure Mg, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Mg alloy as raw materials; si is provided by taking one or more of pure Si, al-Mg-Si alloy and Al-Si alloy as raw materials;
the T6 heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment for 1 hour at 490-500 ℃, and then carrying out water quenching for less than 10s; aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours;
the steps and functions of a preparation method of the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change are described in detail below in combination with specific implementation processes;
example 1:
s1: preparing raw materials, and pressing SiCp prefabricated body: firstly screening SiCp particles with the size of 5 mu m, secondly calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in a mould according to different SiCp volume fractions, and pressing the SiCp particles in the mould according to calculation to form the SiCp preform.
45% by volume SiCp and a density of 3.22g/cm 3 Obtaining the weight of the SiCp, pressing the SiCp in a mould to obtain a preform, wherein the pressing speed is 0.1-3 mm/min, the pressing speed is 4-8 MPa, and then heating the preform to 430 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform;
weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
when the raw materials are weighed, the element Al is provided by pure Al, the element Cu is provided by pure Cu, the element Mg is provided by pure Mg, and the element Si is provided by Al-Si alloy; the volume fraction of SiCp particles in the composite material matrix alloy is 45%, and the mass percentages of three main elements are as follows: cu:7.7%, mg:3.35%, si:0.56%, al as the rest; wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
S2: smelting, namely smelting the composite alloy raw material at 780 ℃ to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating the matrix alloy melt into the pressed SiCp preform; during die casting, applying 90MPa pressure under the protection of argon gas to impregnate a matrix alloy melt of the aluminum-based composite material into the SiCp preform, adopting a graphite mold as the mold, and finally performing air cooling to room temperature and demolding to obtain the SiCp-Al composite material;
s4: and (5) performing heat treatment, namely performing T6 heat treatment on the SiCp-Al composite material.
The T6 heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment for 1 hour at 490 ℃, and then carrying out water quenching for less than 10s; then aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours.
Dimensional stability test: the constant temperature ageing treatment is carried out in a thermal expansion instrument, and the dimensional change rate of the cast ingot in the constant temperature ageing process is monitored in real time. The final dimensional change rate was measured to be 2X 10 -6 The requirement of an inertial instrument is met, the dimensional stability is 1 order of magnitude higher than that of SiCp/Al composite material (the dimensional change rate is 10-5 order), and the dimensional stability of the composite material is obviously improved in the constant temperature aging process, so that the aluminum-based composite material prepared in the embodiment 1 has better dimensional stability in the storage and service processes. The SiCp/Al composite material obtained in example 1 had a yield strength of 520MPa and a tensile strength of 550MPa.
Example 2:
the SiCp volume fraction of the SiCp/Al composite material with high dimensional stability in the constant temperature aging process of the embodiment is 37%, and the preparation steps are as follows:
s1: preparing raw materials, and pressing SiCp prefabricated body: firstly screening SiCp particles with the size of 5 mu m, secondly calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in a mould according to different SiCp volume fractions, and pressing the SiCp particles in the mould according to calculation to form the SiCp preform;
37% by volume SiCp and a density of 3.22g/cm 3 Obtaining the weight of the SiCp, pressing the SiCp in a mould to obtain a preform, wherein the pressing speed is 0.1-3 mm/min, the pressing speed is 4-8 MPa, and then heating the preform to 430 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform;
weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
when the matrix alloy raw material is weighed, the element Al is provided by pure Al, the element Cu is provided by pure Cu, the element Mg is provided by pure Mg, and the element Si is provided by Al-Si alloy; the composite material matrix alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:6.9%, mg:3.1%, si:0.5% of Al and the balance; wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s2: smelting, namely smelting the alloy raw material obtained in the step S1 at 790 ℃ to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating, namely impregnating the matrix alloy melt obtained in the step S2 into the pressed SiCp preform; and (3) during die casting, applying 75MPa pressure under the protection of argon to impregnate the matrix alloy melt of the aluminum matrix composite material into the SiCp preform, adopting a graphite die as the die, and finally air-cooling to room temperature and demoulding.
S4: and (3) heat treatment, namely performing T6 heat treatment on the aluminum-based composite material obtained in the step S3.
The T6 heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment for 1 hour at 495 ℃, and then carrying out water quenching for less than 10s; then aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours.
Dimensional stability test: the constant-temperature aging treatment is carried out in a thermal expansion instrument, and the dimensional change rate of the composite material in the constant-temperature aging process is monitored in real time. The final dimensional change rate was measured to be 5×10 -7 Meets the requirements of inertial instruments and meters, and compared with SiCp/Al composite material (dimensional change rate is 10 -5 Magnitude) 2 orders of magnitude higher.
Example 3:
the SiCp volume fraction of the SiCp/Al composite material with high dimensional stability in the constant temperature aging process of the embodiment is 45 percent, and the preparation is carried out according to the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, and pressing SiCp prefabricated body: firstly screening SiCp particles with the size of 5 mu m, secondly calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in a mould according to different SiCp volume fractions, and pressing the SiCp particles in the mould according to calculation to form the SiCp preform;
45% by volume SiCp and a density of 3.22g/cm 3 Obtaining the weight of the SiCp, pressing the SiCp in a mould to obtain a preform, wherein the pressing speed is 0.1-3 mm/min, the pressing speed is 4-8 MPa, and then heating the preform to 430 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform;
weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material by mass percent of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
when the matrix alloy raw material is weighed, the element Al is provided by pure Al, the element Cu is provided by pure Cu, the element Mg is provided by pure Mg, and the element Si is provided by Al-Si alloy; the composite material matrix alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:7.34%, mg:3.26%, si:0.65%, al as the rest; wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s2: smelting, namely smelting the alloy raw material obtained in the step S1 at 780 ℃ to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating, namely impregnating the matrix alloy melt obtained in the step S2 into the pressed SiCp preform; and (3) during die casting, applying 90MPa pressure under the protection of argon gas to impregnate the matrix alloy melt of the aluminum matrix composite material into the SiCp preform, adopting a graphite die as the die, and finally air-cooling to room temperature and demoulding.
S4: and (3) heat treatment, namely performing T6 heat treatment on the aluminum-based composite material obtained in the step S3.
The T6 heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment for 1 hour at 490 ℃, and then carrying out water quenching for less than 10s; then aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours.
Dimensional stability test: the constant temperature ageing treatment is carried out in a thermal expansion instrument, and the dimensional change rate of the cast ingot in the constant temperature ageing process is monitored in real time. The final dimensional change rate was measured to be-1.2X10 -7 Meets the requirements of inertial instruments and meters, and compared with SiCp/Al composite material (dimensional change rate is 10 -5 Magnitude) was 2 orders of magnitude higher, and the tensile strength of the SiCp/Al composite obtained in example 3 was 560MPa.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 8, the SiCp/Al composite material prepared in example 3 has two precipitated phases, needle-like and lath-like, after aging at 190℃for 48 hours, and the main precipitated phaseIs S' phase (Al 2 CuMg), S' phase is a precipitated phase which can reduce the size of the matrix alloy material, so that the size of the material is reduced, and under the combined action of the two precipitated phases, the dimensional stability of the aluminum-based composite material is improved.
Example 4:
the SiCp volume fraction of the SiCp/Al composite material with high dimensional stability in the constant temperature aging process of the embodiment is 30 percent, and the preparation is carried out according to the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, and pressing SiCp prefabricated body: firstly screening SiCp particles with the size of 5 mu m, secondly calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in a mould according to different SiCp particle volume fractions, and finally pressing the preform in the mould according to calculation.
The SiCp and aluminum powder are required to be mixed to obtain mixed preform powder with the volume fraction of 50%, the mass of SiCp with the volume fraction of 30% required to be weighed is calculated, then the residual mass is obtained by weighing the aluminum powder, and then the mixed preform powder is pressed in a die at the pressurizing speed of 0.1-3 mm/min and is pressurized to 4-8 MPa. Then heating the preform to 410 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform;
weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material by mass percent of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
when raw materials are weighed, the element Al is provided by pure Al, the element Cu is provided by pure Cu, the element Mg is provided by pure Mg, and the element Si is provided by Al-Si alloy; the composite material matrix alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:6.7%, mg:2.9%, si:0.5% of Al and the balance; wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s2: smelting, namely smelting the alloy raw material obtained in the step S1 at 790 ℃ to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating, namely impregnating the matrix alloy melt obtained in the step S2 into the pressed SiCp preform; and (3) during die casting, applying 70MPa pressure under the protection of argon to impregnate the matrix alloy melt of the aluminum matrix composite material into the SiCp preform, adopting a graphite die as the die, and finally air-cooling to room temperature and demoulding.
S4: and (3) heat treatment, namely performing T6 heat treatment on the aluminum-based composite material obtained in the step S3.
The T6 heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment for 1 hour at 495 ℃, and then carrying out water quenching for less than 10s; then aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours.
Dimensional stability test: the constant temperature ageing treatment is carried out in a thermal expansion instrument, and the dimensional change rate of the cast ingot in the constant temperature ageing process is monitored in real time. The final dimensional change rate was measured to be-7×10 -7 Meets the requirements of inertial instruments and meters, and compared with SiCp/Al composite material (dimensional change rate is 10 -5 Magnitude) was 2 orders of magnitude higher, the tensile strength of the SiCp/Al composite obtained in example 4 was 475MPa.
As can be seen from fig. 9 to 15, the SiCp/Al composite material prepared in example 4 was mainly acicular precipitated phase after aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours, and the main precipitated phase was S' phase (Al 2 CuMg), and a small amount of theta' phase (Al 2 Cu), S 'phase and theta' phase are precipitated phases which can reduce the size of the matrix alloy material, so that the size of the material is reduced, and under the combined action of the two precipitated phases, the dimensional stability of the aluminum-based composite material is improved.
Example 5:
the SiCp volume fraction of the SiCp/Al composite material with high dimensional stability in the constant temperature aging process of the embodiment is 10 percent, and the preparation is carried out according to the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, and pressing SiCp prefabricated body: firstly screening SiCp particles with the size of 5 mu m, secondly calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in a mould according to different SiCp volume fractions, and pressing the SiCp particles in the mould according to calculation to form the SiCp preform;
the SiCp and aluminum powder are required to be mixed to obtain mixed preform powder with the volume fraction of 50%, the mass of SiCp with the volume fraction of 10% required to be weighed is calculated, then the residual mass is obtained by weighing the aluminum powder, and then the mixed preform powder is pressed in a die at the pressurizing speed of 0.1-3 mm/min and is pressurized to 4-8 MPa. Then heating the preform to 410 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain a preheated composite material preform;
weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
when the matrix alloy raw material is weighed, the element Al is provided by pure Al, the element Cu is provided by pure Cu, the element Mg is provided by pure Mg, and the element Si is provided by Al-Si alloy; the composite material matrix alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:5.3%, mg:2.3%, si:0.3% of Al and the balance; wherein the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s2: smelting, namely smelting the alloy raw material obtained in the step S1 at 800 ℃ to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating, namely impregnating the matrix alloy melt obtained in the step S2 into the pressed SiCp preform; and (3) applying 55MPa pressure under the protection of argon gas during die casting to impregnate the matrix alloy melt of the aluminum matrix composite material into the SiCp preform, adopting a graphite die as the die, and finally air-cooling to room temperature and demoulding.
S4: and (3) heat treatment, namely performing T6 heat treatment on the aluminum-based composite material obtained in the step three.
The T6 heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment for 1 hour at 500 ℃, and then carrying out water quenching for less than 10s; then aging at 190 ℃ for 48 hours.
Dimensional stability test: the constant-temperature aging treatment is carried out in a thermal expansion instrument, and the dimensional change rate of the composite material in the constant-temperature aging process is monitored in real time. The final dimensional change rate was measured to be 6.3X10 -7 Meets the requirements of inertial instruments and meters, and compared with SiCp/Al composite material (dimensional change rate is 10 -5 Magnitude) was 2 orders of magnitude higher, the tensile strength of the SiCp/Al composite obtained in example 5 was 425MPa.
Claims (7)
1. A SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cu:4.5 to 8.1 percent of Mg:2% -3.8%, si:0 to 0.7 percent, and the balance of Al;
volume fraction V of SiCp and mass fraction m of Mg Mg The relation is satisfied:
m Mg =2+ (0.028 to 0.032) V, cu and Mg mass ratio K1 satisfies: 2.22<K1<2.40, the mass ratio K2 of Mg and Si satisfies: 5<K2<10.5, the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
2. A preparation method of SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: pressing and preheating SiCp preformed body, and weighing pure metal or aluminum alloy as a matrix alloy raw material according to the mass percentage of elements in the matrix alloy of the composite material;
s2: smelting a matrix alloy raw material to obtain a matrix alloy melt;
s3: impregnating the matrix alloy melt into the pressed SiCp preform to obtain a SiCp-Al composite material;
s4: performing heat treatment on the SiCp-Al composite material;
the mass percentage of the raw materials of the matrix alloy is as follows: cu:4.5 to 8.1 percent of Mg:2% -3.8%, si:0 to 0.7 percent, and the balance of Al;
volume fraction V of SiCp and mass fraction m of Mg Mg The relation is satisfied:
m Mg =2+ (0.028 to 0.032) V, cu and Mg mass ratio K1 satisfies: 2.22<K1<2.40, the mass ratio K2 of Mg and Si satisfies: 5<K2<10.5, the total mass content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
3. The method for preparing the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the Al is provided by taking one or more of pure Al, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Mg-Si alloy as raw materials; cu is provided by taking one or more of pure Cu, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Cu alloy as raw materials; mg is provided by taking one or more of pure Mg, al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Mg alloy as raw materials; si is provided by one or more of pure Si, al-Mg-Si alloy and Al-Si alloy as raw materials.
4. The method for preparing the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the pressed SiCp preform comprises the steps of:
s11: screening 5 mu m SiCp particles;
and S12, calculating the volume of the SiCp preform in the SiCp-Al composite material according to different SiCp volume fractions, wherein the SiCp volume fraction is less than 55%, and pressing SiCp particles in a die according to calculation to form the SiCp preform.
5. The method for preparing the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the smelting temperature of the matrix alloy raw material in the step S2 is 780-800 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the matrix alloy melt is infiltrated into the pressed preheated SiCp preform, and the pressure of 50-100 MPa is applied under the protection of argon during die casting to infiltrate the matrix alloy melt of the aluminum matrix composite material into the SiCp preform.
7. The method for preparing the SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant temperature aging dimensional change according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the heat treatment is T6 process, solution treatment is carried out for 1 hour at 490-500 ℃, then water quenching is carried out for less than 10S, then aging is carried out for 48 hours at the constant temperature of 190 ℃, and the precipitated phase in the heat treatment process of the SiCp-Al composite material is needle-shaped S' phase (Al 2 CuMg) and theta' phases (Al 2 Cu)。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211607970.9A CN115852220B (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant-temperature aging dimensional change and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211607970.9A CN115852220B (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant-temperature aging dimensional change and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115852220A CN115852220A (en) | 2023-03-28 |
| CN115852220B true CN115852220B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
Family
ID=85672910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211607970.9A Active CN115852220B (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant-temperature aging dimensional change and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115852220B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106086726A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof |
| CN109440026A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 深圳市智雅墨族科技有限公司 | M-O-R alkoxide gel method crystal whisker excess weld metal aluminum matrix composite and preparation method |
| CN111235496A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of high-strength SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
| CN111455242A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy with high dimensional stability and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-12-14 CN CN202211607970.9A patent/CN115852220B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106086726A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof |
| CN109440026A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 深圳市智雅墨族科技有限公司 | M-O-R alkoxide gel method crystal whisker excess weld metal aluminum matrix composite and preparation method |
| CN111235496A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of high-strength SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
| CN111455242A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy with high dimensional stability and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115852220A (en) | 2023-03-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0144898B1 (en) | Aluminum alloy and method for producing same | |
| Amirkhanlou et al. | High-strength and highly-uniform composites produced by compocasting and cold rolling processes | |
| Dong et al. | Microstructures and properties of A356–10% SiC particle composite castings at different solidification pressures | |
| JPH02503331A (en) | Magnesium alloy with high mechanical resistance and manufacturing method by rapid solidification of the alloy | |
| Seah et al. | Mechanical properties of as-cast and heat-treated ZA-27/graphite particulate composites | |
| CN109778027A (en) | A kind of high intensity A356 alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| Pasha et al. | Processing and characterization of aluminum metal matrix composites: an overview | |
| CN101538672B (en) | Intermetallic compound ultrafine grain reinforced metallic matrix composite material | |
| Ghazanlou et al. | Fabrication and characterization of GNPs and CNTs reinforced Al7075 matrix composites through the stir casting process | |
| US20160298217A1 (en) | Aluminum Alloy Refiner Material and Preparation Method Thereof | |
| Li et al. | Semisolid microstructural evolution of (CNTs+ Si p)/AZ91D powder compacts prepared from powders by cold pressing and remelting | |
| Marimuthu et al. | Preparation and characterization of B4C particulate reinforced Al-Mg alloy matrix composites | |
| Jun et al. | Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of rapidly solidified Al− 50Si− Cu (Mg) alloys for thermal management application | |
| Cai et al. | Improvement of deformation capacity of gas-atomized hypereutectic Al-Si alloy powder by annealing treatment | |
| CN110964933A (en) | Preparation method of graphene/aluminum and aluminum alloy composite material | |
| JPH0153342B2 (en) | ||
| CN112974773B (en) | Method for preparing high-strength plastic beryllium-aluminum composite material by pressure infiltration | |
| CN102560204B (en) | Silicon-aluminum bicontinuous composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115852220B (en) | SiCp-Al composite material with stable constant-temperature aging dimensional change and preparation method thereof | |
| Zhao et al. | A novel method for improving the microstructure and the properties of Al-Si-Cu alloys prepared using rapid solidification/powder metallurgy | |
| Muthukumarasamy et al. | Structure and properties of fibre reinforced zn-27% al alloy based cast MMCs | |
| CN115558829A (en) | Room-temperature high-plasticity low-alloying magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| Qi et al. | Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D alloy formed by rheomolding and high-pressure die casting | |
| Chen et al. | Squeeze casting of SiCp/Al-alloy composites with various contents of reinforcements | |
| CN115652156A (en) | Novel Mg-Gd-Li-Y-Al alloy and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |