CN115852190A - TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material with directional arrangement and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material with directional arrangement and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy, in particular to a TiB-oriented reinforced titanium-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a preparation method of a TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement, which comprises the following steps: mixing a boron source and a titanium alloy, and carrying out ball milling to obtain mixed powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min; sequentially carrying out annealing treatment, oscillation and rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment on the mixed powder to obtain the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement; the heating rate of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 100-300 ℃/min. The preparation method can realize the directional arrangement of TiB and simultaneously enhance the high dynamic performance of the titanium-based composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy, and particularly relates to a TiB-oriented reinforced titanium-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, steel is the main protective material because of its high density (7.8 g/cm) 3 ) The device is not beneficial to light-weight operation, and directly influences the maneuverability and the survival capability of a battlefield. For the light material titanium alloy, the titanium alloy has the advantages of small density, high specific strength and the like, and chinese patent CN201510421029.1 discloses a high dynamic performance near alpha type titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, which discloses that the conventional TC4 titanium alloy has low dynamic performance, the average rheological stress is about 1319MPa, and cannot meet the increasing requirements. The titanium-based composite material has better performance than the titanium alloy, is widely concerned by researchers, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, weapons, ships and the like. Among them, the one-dimensional TiB whisker is considered as an ideal reinforcing material in the titanium-based composite material because the one-dimensional TiB whisker has a similar thermal expansion coefficient with the titanium-based matrix and high thermodynamic stability, which enables the TiB whisker to have firm interface bonding capability with the titanium-based matrix.
Ma Fengcang, et al (Mechanical properties and strength Engineering of in situ (TiB + TiC)/Ti-1100 composite at an aged temperature J. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016, 654: 352-358.) of Shanghai university of traffic studied the effect of different orientations of TiB on the strength of titanium matrix composites by experimental and computational methods, and the results of the study showed that the regulation of the orientation angle of TiB whiskers could be achieved by adjusting the extrusion ratio, and TiB enhancement efficiency was the highest when the orientation of whiskers was the same as that of the applied stress. Zhang Changjiang et al (Evolution of microstructure characteristics and tension properties reduction preparation of TiB/Ti composite sheet [ J ]. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 2012, 36: 505-510.) of Harbin university of industry also regulates the orientation of TiB by rolling, improving the strength of TiB reinforced titanium matrix composites. Although the TiB can obtain uniform orientation through deformation modes such as hot rolling, hot extrusion and the like, the TiB orientation obtained by the modes is not consistent with the loading direction of the protective material, and the strengthening effect of the TiB whiskers is difficult to exert to the maximum extent.
Therefore, how to prepare TiB reinforced phase which is directionally arranged in accordance with the dynamic loading direction and has high dynamic performance is a concern of various researchers at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement, which comprises the following steps:
mixing a boron source and a titanium alloy, and carrying out ball milling to obtain mixed powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min;
sequentially carrying out annealing treatment, oscillation and rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment on the mixed powder to obtain the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement;
the heating rate of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 100 to 300 ℃/min.
Preferably, the boron source comprises B or TiB 2 。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the boron source to the titanium alloy is (0.1 to 10.0): (99.9 to 90.0).
The particle size of the preferred titanium alloy is less than or equal to 60 mu m;
the particle size of the boron source is less than or equal to 100nm.
Preferably, the ball milling mode is wet ball milling; the ball milling medium of the wet ball milling is absolute ethyl alcohol;
the diameter of a grinding ball used for ball milling is 3-10mm, and the ball-to-feed ratio is (10-50): 1, the ball milling time is 8 to 36h.
Preferably, after the wet ball milling is finished, the obtained mixed slurry is washed;
the cleaning agent adopted for cleaning is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning times are 3~6 times.
Preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 450 to 650 ℃, and the time is 1 to 4 hours.
Preferably, the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment mode is spark plasma sintering or rapid hot-pressing sintering;
the temperature of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 850-1150 ℃, the pressure is 15-80MPa, and the time is 5-30min.
The invention also provides the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material with the directional arrangement prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme.
The invention also provides the application of the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in the technical scheme in the fields of aerospace, weapons or ships.
The invention provides a preparation method of a TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement, which comprises the following steps: mixing a boron source and a titanium alloy, and carrying out ball milling to obtain mixed powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min; sequentially carrying out annealing treatment, oscillation treatment and rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment on the mixed powder to obtain the directionally-arranged TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material; the heating rate of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 100-300 ℃/min. The invention adopts the ball milling process with the rotating speed to grind the titanium alloy powder into flaky powder, thereby refining the grain size of the matrix powder; the boron source is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the titanium alloy powder, and in addition, because the flaky powder has larger length-diameter ratio (diameter: thickness), the boron source is mainly distributed on two surfaces of the flaky powder, which lays a foundation for generating TiB whiskers which are directionally arranged; meanwhile, the mixed flaky powder can be arranged according to the sequence of mutual overlapping by the oscillation, so that the directional growth of the TiB whiskers along the pressurizing direction is ensured; the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment can prepare a composite material with high density and small grain size, the TiB nano whiskers generated in situ in the sintering process have clean surface, are uniformly distributed in the matrix without agglomeration, and have good interface bonding with the titanium matrix; the TiB whiskers grow directionally, the direction of the TiB whiskers is consistent with the pressurizing direction, the strengthening effect of the TiB whiskers can be exerted to the maximum extent according to a load transfer mechanism, and the mechanical property of the composite material is remarkably improved; finally, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, short in period and strong in practicability, and is beneficial to realizing industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of an annealed mixed powder prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the side of the titanium matrix composite of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a topographical view of the bottom surface of the titanium matrix composite material of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement, which comprises the following steps:
mixing a boron source and a titanium alloy, and performing ball milling to obtain mixed powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min;
sequentially carrying out annealing treatment, oscillation and rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment on the mixed powder to obtain the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement;
the heating rate of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 100-300 ℃/min.
In the present invention, all the starting materials for the preparation are commercially available products known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
Mixing a boron source and a titanium alloy, and performing ball milling to obtain mixed powder; the rotating speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min.
In the present invention, the particle size of the boron source is preferably 100nm or less; in the present invention, the boron source preferably comprises B or TiB 2 。
In the present invention, the particle size of the titanium alloy is preferably 60 μm or less. In the present invention, the titanium alloy is preferably a TC4 alloy.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the boron source to the titanium alloy is preferably (0.1 to 10.0): (99.9 to 90.0), more preferably (2.0 to 8.0): (99.0 to 91.0), and most preferably (4.0 to 6.0): (96.0 to 94.0).
In the invention, the ball milling mode is preferably wet ball milling, and the ball milling medium of the wet ball milling is absolute ethyl alcohol; the amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be those known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the diameter of the ball used for the ball milling is preferably 3 to 10mm, more preferably 4 to 8mm, and most preferably 5 to 6mm; the ball-to-feed ratio is preferably (10 to 50): 1, more preferably (20 to 40): 1, most preferably (25 to 35): 1; the ball milling time is preferably 8 to 36h, more preferably 10 to 30h, and most preferably 15 to 25h; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min, preferably 350 to 550r/min, and more preferably 400 to 500r/min.
After the wet ball milling is finished, the method also preferably comprises the step of cleaning the obtained mixed slurry;
the cleaning agent adopted for cleaning is preferably absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning times are preferably 3~6 times, and more preferably 4~5 times. In the invention, the cleaning process is preferably to stand the mixed slurry for 10 to 30min, remove the upper suspension, add absolute ethyl alcohol and stir, stand for 10 to 30min, remove the suspension, and repeat 3~5 times.
In the invention, the cleaning function is to remove impurities such as oxides and the like introduced in the ball milling process, thereby greatly increasing the brittleness of the titanium-based composite material. Impurities are removed by repeated washing.
After the cleaning is finished, preferably performing rotary steaming and drying in sequence; the process of the rotary steaming and drying is not limited in any way, and can be performed by a process well known to those skilled in the art.
After the mixed powder is obtained, the mixed powder is sequentially subjected to annealing treatment, vibration and rapid hot pressing sintering treatment to obtain the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material with directional arrangement.
In the invention, the temperature of the annealing treatment is preferably 450 to 650 ℃, more preferably 500 to 600 ℃, and most preferably 530 to 560 ℃; the time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 2 to 3 hours.
In the present invention, the annealing treatment is preferably performed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace.
In the present invention, the annealing treatment serves to remove stress concentration generated during the ball milling process.
In the present invention, the shaking process is preferably performed by placing the mixed powder into a cylindrical graphite mold, and placing the mold in a high-speed shaker for shaking. The present invention does not have any particular limitation on the conditions of the oscillation, and the oscillation may be performed under conditions known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the oscillation can enable the mixed flaky powder to be arranged according to the sequence of mutual lamination, thereby further ensuring the TiB crystal whisker to directionally grow along the pressurizing direction.
In the present invention, the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is preferably performed by spark plasma sintering or rapid hot-pressing sintering.
In the invention, the temperature of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is preferably 850-1150 ℃, more preferably 900-1100 ℃, and most preferably 950-1050 ℃; the heating rate is 100 to 300 ℃/min, preferably 100 to 200 ℃/min; the pressure is preferably 15 to 80MPa, more preferably 30 to 70MPa, and most preferably 40 to 60MPa; the time is preferably 5 to 30min, more preferably 10 to 25min, and most preferably 15 to 20min.
In the present invention, the rapid hot-pressing sintering process is preferably performed by placing the cylindrical graphite mold filled with the mixed powder in a rapid hot-pressing sintering system for sintering.
In the invention, the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment realizes metallurgical bonding between the powders, obtains TiB generated in situ, and obtains TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material with orientation consistent with the pressurizing direction and directional arrangement. By controlling the conditions of the rapid hot-pressing sintering, the prepared TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material with the directional arrangement has high density and small grain size.
The invention also provides the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material with the directional arrangement prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme.
The invention also provides the application of the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in the technical scheme in the fields of aerospace, weapons or ships. The method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the method may be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art.
The titanium matrix composite material provided by the present invention, the preparation method and the application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Note: the TC4 powder in the embodiment 1~3 and the comparative example 1~2 is purchased from Beijing Xinglong Yuan GmbH, is nearly spherical, has the particle size of 15 to 60 mu m, the average particle size of 40 mu m and the purity of more than or equal to 99.9wt%;
nano TiB 2 The powder is purchased from Shanghai Chaowei nanometer science and technology Limited, the purity is more than or equal to 99.5wt%, and the particle size is 50 to 100nm;
the absolute ethyl alcohol is produced by Guang fine chemical company of Beijing;
the rapid thermal sintering system is purchased from FHP-828 of Hawthorn, suzhou;
example 1
0.02g of nano TiB 2 Adding the powder and 19.98g of TC4 powder into a ball milling tank of a planetary ball mill, adding grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm according to the ball-material mass ratio of 10;
standing the mixed slurry for 10min, removing the suspension on the upper layer, adding absolute ethyl alcohol for cleaning, repeating for 3 times to remove oxides, pouring the cleaned slurry into a vacuum rotary evaporator, performing rotary evaporation drying to obtain mixed powder, and placing the mixed powder in a vacuum annealing treatment furnace for annealing at 450 ℃ for 4h to obtain the annealed mixed powder;
putting 20g of the annealed mixed powder into a cylindrical graphite mold, placing the mold into a high-speed oscillator for oscillation, arranging TC4 flake powder in a mutually laminated sequence, then putting the mold into a rapid hot-pressing sintering system for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 850 ℃ (the heating rate is 100 ℃/min), the sintering pressure is 80MPa, the heat preservation time is 30min, taking out the composite material block obtained after sintering, and removing graphite paper on the surface of the block by sanding to obtain the titanium-based composite material.
Example 2
1g sodiumRice TiB 2 Adding the powder and 19g TC4 powder into a ball milling tank of a planetary ball mill, adding grinding balls with the diameter of 5mm according to the mass ratio of ball materials of 30;
standing the mixed slurry for 20min, removing the suspension on the upper layer, adding absolute ethyl alcohol for cleaning, repeating for 4 times to remove oxides, pouring the cleaned slurry into a vacuum rotary evaporator, performing rotary evaporation drying to obtain mixed powder, and placing the mixed powder in a vacuum annealing treatment furnace for annealing at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain the annealed mixed powder;
putting 20g of the annealed mixed powder into a cylindrical graphite mold, placing the mold into a high-speed oscillator for oscillation, arranging TC4 flake powder in a mutually laminated sequence, then putting the mold into a rapid hot-pressing sintering system for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 950 ℃ (the heating rate is 100 ℃/min), the sintering pressure is 50MPa, the heat preservation time is 10min, taking out the composite material block obtained after sintering, and removing graphite paper on the surface of the block by sanding to obtain the titanium-based composite material.
Example 3
2g of nano TiB 2 Adding powder and 18g TC4 powder into a ball milling tank of a planetary ball mill, adding grinding balls with the diameter of 3mm according to the ball-material mass ratio of 50;
standing the mixed slurry for 30min, removing the suspension on the upper layer, adding absolute ethyl alcohol for cleaning, repeating for 5 times to remove oxides, pouring the cleaned slurry into a vacuum rotary evaporator, performing rotary evaporation drying to obtain mixed powder, and placing the mixed powder in a vacuum annealing treatment furnace for annealing at 650 ℃ for 1h to obtain the annealed mixed powder;
putting 20g of the annealed mixed powder into a cylindrical graphite mold, placing the mold into a high-speed oscillator for oscillation, arranging TC4 flake powder in a mutually laminated sequence, then putting the mold into a rapid hot-pressing sintering system for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, the sintering pressure is 20MPa, the heat preservation time is 5min, taking out a composite material block obtained after sintering, and removing graphite paper on the surface of the block by sanding to obtain the titanium-based composite material.
Comparative example 1
0.02g of nano TiB 2 Adding the powder and 19.98g of TC4 powder into a ball milling tank of a planetary ball mill, adding grinding balls with the diameter of 5mm according to the ball-material mass ratio of 10;
pouring the mixed slurry into a vacuum rotary evaporator, and drying by rotary evaporation to obtain mixed powder;
and putting the mixed powder into a cylindrical graphite die, putting the die into a rapid hot-pressing sintering system for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 850 ℃, the sintering pressure is 80MPa, the heat preservation time is 30min, taking out the composite material block obtained after sintering, and removing graphite paper on the surface of the block by polishing with abrasive paper to obtain the titanium-based composite material.
Comparative example 2
Putting TC4 powder into a cylindrical graphite die, putting the die into a rapid hot-pressing sintering system for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 850 ℃, the sintering pressure is 80MPa, the heat preservation time is 30min, taking out a TC4 block obtained after sintering, and polishing with abrasive paper to remove graphite paper on the surface of the block, thereby obtaining the titanium-based composite material.
Test example
The titanium-based composite materials described in example 1~3 and comparative example 1~2 were subjected to microstructure observation (using a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, hitachi S-4800N, hitachi, japan)):
wherein, FIG. 1 is a microstructure of the annealed mixed powder prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that, after ball milling, the original spherical TC4 powder is flaked under the high-speed action of the milling balls, and the nano TiB 2 The powder is uniformly distributed on the surface of the flaky TC4 powder, and the flaky TC4 powder can effectively promote in-situ generationThe TiB grows directionally along the vertical TC4 powder surface;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the side surface of the titanium-based composite material of example 1, and FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the bottom surface of the titanium-based composite material of example 1, from 2~3, tiB on the surface along the pressing direction is rod-shaped, while TiB perpendicular to the pressing direction shows only the end surface in granular form, indicating that TiB whiskers grow directionally along the pressing direction, i.e., perpendicularly to the surface of the original sheet-shaped TC4 powder;
the titanium matrix composite described in example 1~3 and comparative example 1~2 were subjected to mechanical property tests on split hopkins bars (SHPB) five times per sample and the average was taken as the actual property of the sample. The method can obtain the following performance parameters of the composite material: dynamic strength and dynamic strain; the test results are: mechanical properties of the titanium matrix composite described in example 1: the dynamic strength is 1513MPa, and the dynamic strain is 23%; mechanical properties of the titanium matrix composite described in example 2: the dynamic strength is 1620MPa, and the breaking strain is 18 percent; mechanical properties of the titanium matrix composite described in example 3: the dynamic strength was 2130MPa, and the dynamic strain was 9%. The titanium-based composite material described in comparative example 1 had a compressive strength of 1341MPa and a strain at break of 18%. The titanium-based composite material described in comparative example 2 had a dynamic strength of 1258MPa and a dynamic strain of 19%. Compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the average rheological stress of the composite materials prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 is greatly improved compared with that of comparative examples 1 and 2, because the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material consistent with the loading direction is prepared in the examples through structural design, the stress bearing effect of TiB whiskers is exerted to the maximum extent, a matrix is strengthened, and the strength of the composite material is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing a boron source and a titanium alloy, and carrying out ball milling to obtain mixed powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 300 to 600r/min;
sequentially carrying out annealing treatment, oscillation and rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment on the mixed powder to obtain the TiB reinforced titanium-based composite material in directional arrangement;
the heating rate of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 100-300 ℃/min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the boron source comprises B or TiB 2 。
3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the boron source to the titanium alloy is (0.1 to 10.0): (99.9 to 90.0).
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the titanium alloy has a particle size of 60 μm or less;
the particle size of the boron source is less than or equal to 100nm.
5. The method of claim 1~4, wherein the ball milling is wet ball milling; the ball milling medium of the wet ball milling is absolute ethyl alcohol;
the diameter of a grinding ball used for ball milling is 3 to 10mm, the ball-to-feed ratio is (10 to 50): 1, and the ball milling time is 8 to 36h.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein after the wet ball milling is completed, the method further comprises washing the resulting mixed slurry;
the cleaning agent adopted for cleaning is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the cleaning times are 3~6 times.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the annealing is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 650 ℃ for 1 to 4 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rapid hot press sintering treatment is by spark plasma sintering or rapid hot press sintering;
the temperature of the rapid hot-pressing sintering treatment is 850-1150 ℃, the pressure is 15-80MPa, and the time is 5-30min.
9. The TiB-reinforced titanium-based composite material with oriented arrangement prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1~8.
10. The use of the directionally arranged TiB reinforced titanium matrix composite of claim 9 in the field of aerospace, weapons, or marine applications.
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