CN115851269A - Method for preparing fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using waste PET and application of fluorescent carbon quantum dots in LED - Google Patents

Method for preparing fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using waste PET and application of fluorescent carbon quantum dots in LED Download PDF

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CN115851269A
CN115851269A CN202211526788.0A CN202211526788A CN115851269A CN 115851269 A CN115851269 A CN 115851269A CN 202211526788 A CN202211526788 A CN 202211526788A CN 115851269 A CN115851269 A CN 115851269A
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carbon quantum
quantum dots
phenylenediamine
dimethylformamide
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CN115851269B (en
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周小力
李哲
董维亮
姜岷
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing multicolor carbon quantum dots by using waste PET, which takes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a carbon source and realizes PET degradation and direct synthesis of multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dots by a solvothermal method. The fluorescent carbon quantum dots prepared by the method have rich surface functional groups and high fluorescence stability. By changing the solvent and the nitrogen source, the multicolor adjustment of fluorescence can be realized, and the yield of the carbon quantum dots is optimized by controlling the reaction conditions. The raw materials for preparing the carbon quantum dots are cheap and easy to obtain, the experimental operation is simple, the repeatability is high, and the large-scale production can be realized theoretically.

Description

Method for preparing fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using waste PET and application of fluorescent carbon quantum dots in LED
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a technology for preparing multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dots by utilizing waste PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastics by adopting a solvothermal method.
Background
It is predicted that about 100 million tons of waste PET are transferred to landfills, oceans, and the like every year, and therefore, recycling of plastics including PET is a key to solve the problem.
The PET recovery by the chemical method is one of hot researches at present, the requirements on the quality of raw materials are not high, the physical properties of regenerated products are basically unchanged through chemical recovery, the application range of the products is wider, and the application value is higher than that of physical recovery. The conversion of waste plastics into carbon materials is one of the hot topics studied at present, and the conversion of waste plastics into high value-added carbon materials not only enables the waste plastics to be effectively recycled, but also saves the cost for the production of high value-added products by using cheap waste plastics as raw materials, and is one of the hot topics studied at present.
Zhou et al (Industrial & engineering chemistry research,51 (7): 2922-2930) synthesize different carbon nanomaterials at 600 to 1000 ℃ using solid wastes such as waste PET as carbon raw materials, and reveal that the type of carbon raw materials plays a decisive role in the formation of the carbon nanomaterial structure, and different carbon raw materials are pyrolyzed to produce different carbon-containing gas mixtures.
CN101979316A discloses a method for preparing an activated carbon material from waste PET, wherein the waste PET is converted into activated carbon with a higher specific surface area and a better pore structure through two reaction steps of carbonization and activation.
The traditional color conversion light-emitting diode uses organic fluorescent powder and heavy metal doped inorganic quantum dots, which brings certain threat to the environment, at present, adding yellow fluorescent powder which can be efficiently excited by blue light on a blue light chip is the simplest way for realizing the white light-emitting diode, but the problem that red light and green light parts in white light obtained by mixing are seriously lost exists, and carbon quantum dots attract people to pay attention because of environment friendliness, low toxicity and wider emission spectrum, but the problems of difficult preparation, low yield, low light efficiency and the like are faced at present. The control of the fluorescence color of the carbon quantum dots is more difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the environmental problem caused by PET wastes and make the waste PET be efficiently and reasonably utilized, the invention provides a technology for directly synthesizing multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using the waste PET through a solvothermal method, and the carbon quantum dots prepared by the method have adjustable fluorescence color and can be used as fluorescent materials to prepare LEDs with various colors. The method has high yield, and the prepared quantum dots have good fluorescence stability and adjustable emission wavelength and show great advantages in the field of LED display
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using waste PET plastics comprises the following steps:
and (2) uniformly mixing the catalyst, the nitrogen source and the waste PET in a solvent, and reacting at 160-200 ℃ for 6-10 hours under a sealed condition to obtain the carbon quantum dot, wherein the reaction time is preferably 190 ℃ for 10 hours.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of post-processing, the post-processing comprising:
the reaction mixture was filtered, dialyzed, and the solvent was removed, followed by drying.
Preferably, the method for removing the solvent comprises the following steps: and (4) performing rotary evaporation.
Preferably, the catalyst is zinc chloride.
Preferably, the nitrogen source is triethanolamine, formamide, p-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine or ammonium citrate.
Preferably, the solvent is ethanol or N-N dimethylformamide.
Preferably, the waste PET is chips, and the side length of the chips is less than 1 cm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the waste PET to the catalyst is 3 (1-6), the mass ratio of the waste PET to the nitrogen source is 1 (2-1), and the mass-to-volume ratio of the waste PET to the solvent is 0.3 (25-30) (g/ml).
Preferably, the combination of nitrogen source and solvent is selected from one of the group of combinations of classes a, B, C or D:
a: triethanolamine and ethanol, formamide and ethanol, p-phenylenediamine and ethanol, triethylamine and N-dimethylformamide, triethanolamine and N-dimethylformamide;
b: m-phenylenediamine and N-N dimethylformamide, m-phenylenediamine and ethanol;
c: formamide and N-N dimethylformamide, p-phenylenediamine and N-N dimethylformamide, o-phenylenediamine and N-N dimethylformamide, ammonium citrate and N-N dimethylformamide;
d: o-phenylenediamine and ethanol.
Wherein, the fluorescence wavelength of the carbon quantum dots prepared by the nitrogen source and the solvent of the A-class combination is about 450nm, and blue fluorescence is displayed. The fluorescence wavelength of the prepared carbon quantum dots is about 500nm by using the nitrogen source and the solvent combined by the B type, and green fluorescence is displayed. The fluorescence wavelength of the carbon quantum dots prepared by the nitrogen source and the solvent combined in the C class is about 550nm, and yellow fluorescence is displayed. The fluorescence wavelength of the carbon quantum dot prepared by using the nitrogen source and the solvent combined in the D class is 608nm, and the carbon quantum dot shows red fluorescence. By selecting different combinations of nitrogen sources and solvents, carbon quantum dots with different fluorescence colors are obtained.
The invention also provides an application of the multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dot prepared by the method, which comprises the following steps: mixing the prepared carbon quantum dots with different fluorescent colors according to a required proportion and preparing a finished product. By mixing the carbon quantum dots with the three primary colors fluorescence according to the proportion, the white light and the LED fluorescent material with adjustable wavelength in the range of 446nm to 608nm can be obtained, and the LED lamplight display effect with adjustable emission spectrum can be achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
(1) The invention firstly uses the recycled waste PET as a raw material to prepare the four-color (blue, green, yellow and red) carbon quantum dots by adopting a solvothermal method.
(2) The carbon quantum dots provided by the invention have very good fluorescence time stability, and the fluorescence intensity is reduced by only 2.17% at most when the carbon quantum dots are stored for one month at the temperature of 4 ℃.
(3) According to the invention, the yield of the carbon quantum dots can be improved by regulating and controlling the addition amounts and the temperatures of the nitrogen source and the zinc chloride.
(4) The invention can prepare the white light-emitting diode by regulating and controlling the proportion of the three fluorescent color carbon quantum dots (blue, green and red).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph and a particle size distribution of carbon quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing fluorescence stability of carbon quantum dots prepared in example 1, in which a is a time stability graph and b is a pH stability graph.
FIG. 3 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the four-color fluorescent carbon quantum dot obtained in example 3, wherein B-CDs are blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots [ triethanolamine and ethanol ], G-CDs are green fluorescent carbon quantum dots [ m-phenylenediamine and N-dimethylformamide ], Y-CDs are yellow fluorescent carbon quantum dots [ o-phenylenediamine and N-dimethylformamide ], and R-CDs are red fluorescent carbon quantum dots [ o-phenylenediamine and ethanol ].
FIG. 4 is a UV-VIS absorption spectrum of the four-color fluorescent carbon quantum dot prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
Preparation of blue carbon quantum dots:
and cutting the waste PET bottles into fragments with the side length less than 1 cm. After cleaning and drying, 0.3g of the mixture is weighed and placed in a lining of a 50ml high-pressure reaction kettle, and 0.2g of ZnCl is added 2 Adding 25ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 357 mu L of triethylene alcoholAn amine. Sealing the reaction kettle by a stainless steel high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃, and taking out the synthesized product after naturally cooling. The obtained synthetic product is firstly filtered through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane, the obtained filtrate is dialyzed for 2 days in a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da by using 95% ethanol and then is taken out, and the final carbon quantum dot solution is obtained by filtering through the 0.22 mu m filter membrane again. And drying the solution by a rotary evaporator to obtain the carbon quantum dots. The morphology of the carbon quantum dots is shown in a perspective electron microscope image of fig. 1, the carbon quantum dots are uniformly dispersed, the particle size distribution of the carbon quantum dots is 0.6-2.4nm, and the average particle size is 1.61nm.
The cuvette containing 400. Mu.L of the carbon quantum dot test solution was placed in an environment at 4 ℃ and stored for 1 month, and the fluorescence intensity of emitted light was measured every 5 days. As shown in FIG. 2a, the fluorescence intensity of the carbon quantum dot test solution after 1 month of storage was reduced by only 2.17% as compared with the fluorescence intensity of the carbon quantum dot test solution before storage, indicating that the prepared carbon quantum dot had temporal stability.
The fluorescence stability of the carbon quantum dots in different acid-base solution environments, as shown in the test result shown in fig. 2b, compared with the carbon quantum dot test solution without the adjusted pH value, the fluorescence intensity of the carbon quantum dots in the environments with the pH values of 2 and 12 is reduced by 7.67% and 13.17%, which indicates that the carbon quantum dots obtained by the method can be applied to various acid-base environments.
Example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that: the addition amounts and temperatures of the nitrogen source and the zinc chloride are different.
Table 1 shows the carbon quantum dot yield and PET degradation rate at different zinc chloride addition levels and temperatures.
TABLE 1 Table of carbon quantum dot yield and PET degradation rate at different catalyst addition and temperature
Figure BDA0003975157070000041
Figure BDA0003975157070000051
Table 2 shows the yields of carbon quantum dots and the degradation rate of PET at different amounts of nitrogen source added.
TABLE 2 Table of yield and PET degradation rate of carbon quantum dots at different amounts of nitrogen source
Triethanolamine addition amount/(μ L) Carbon quantum dot yield Percent degradation rate/%)
0 0.00 89.58
100 7.89 88.30
200 10.31 88.08
300 12.35 88.53
400 16.84 89.57
500 16.37 87.96
600 15.68 89.58
Example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that: the colors (wavelength/nm) of the prepared carbon quantum dots are shown in table 3, with different nitrogen sources and solvents:
TABLE 3 color (wavelength/nm) of carbon quantum dots made with different nitrogen sources and solvents
Figure BDA0003975157070000052
The emission spectrum of the four-color fluorescent carbon quantum dot solution shown in fig. 3 was measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer F-7000, and the detection results of the excitation light with wavelengths of 365nm, 450nm and 500nm are shown in fig. 3.
The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the four-color fluorescent carbon quantum dot solution shown in fig. 3 is tested by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer a360, and the detection result is shown in fig. 4.
Example 4
Three-color carbon quantum dots (blue, green, yellow) tested in fluorescence spectroscopy in example 3 were used to prepare white LEDs:
a total of 25mg of blue, green and red carbon quantum dots prepared in example 3 were mixed with 1.6g of ET-821A silica gel and 0.4g of ET-821B silica gel in an addition ratio of 1.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using waste PET plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing the catalyst, the nitrogen source and the waste PET in a solvent, sealing, and reacting at 160 to 200 ℃ for 6 to 10 hours to obtain the carbon quantum dots, wherein the reaction time is preferably 190 ℃ for 10 hours.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a step of post-processing comprising:
the reaction mixture was filtered, dialyzed, and the solvent was removed, followed by drying.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the solvent removal process is: and (4) performing rotary evaporation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is zinc chloride.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen source is triethanolamine, formamide, p-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, or ammonium citrate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is ethanol or N-N dimethylformamide.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the scrap PET is scrap having sides of 1cm or less.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the waste PET to the catalyst is 3 (1-6), the mass ratio of the waste PET to the nitrogen source is 1 (2-1), and the mass-to-volume ratio of the waste PET to the solvent is 0.3 (25-30) g/ml.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of nitrogen source and solvent is selected from one of the group consisting of group a, B, C, or D:
a: triethanolamine and ethanol, formamide and ethanol, p-phenylenediamine and ethanol, triethylamine and N-dimethylformamide, triethanolamine and N-dimethylformamide;
b: m-phenylenediamine and N-N dimethylformamide, m-phenylenediamine and ethanol;
c: formamide and N-N dimethylformamide, p-phenylenediamine and N-N dimethylformamide, o-phenylenediamine and N-N dimethylformamide, ammonium citrate and N-N dimethylformamide;
d: o-phenylenediamine and ethanol.
10. The application of the multicolor fluorescent carbon quantum dot prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the prepared carbon quantum dots according to a required proportion and preparing a finished product.
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