CN115850083A - Preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds - Google Patents

Preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds Download PDF

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CN115850083A
CN115850083A CN202211496987.1A CN202211496987A CN115850083A CN 115850083 A CN115850083 A CN 115850083A CN 202211496987 A CN202211496987 A CN 202211496987A CN 115850083 A CN115850083 A CN 115850083A
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alkyl
cycloalkyl
heterocyclyl
aryl
acid
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陈正伟
征玉荣
何彬
于传宗
张莉笋
刘亮
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Nanjing Lynsci Chemical Co ltd
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Nanjing Lynsci Chemical Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds, which comprises the following steps of mixing a compound shown as a general formula (II) with a solvent, preparing a target product (I) under the action of alkali and an oxidant, and expressing the target product as follows by using a reaction formula:

Description

Preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic chemical synthesis, in particular to a preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds.
Background
Carboxylic acid compounds affect the aspects of people's life, from food additives, pesticides, medical products to chemical products, and the shadow can be seen everywhere. Carboxylic acid compounds occupy a very important position in organic chemistry. They can also be processed into various derivatives through common chemical reactions such as esterification, amidation or reduction, etc., and form an important part in our lives.
Carboxylic acid compounds are often prepared by several common ways:
1. prepared by oxidation of hydrocarbon compounds. For example, benzoic acid can be prepared by mixing toluene with oxygen and reacting at 165 ℃ under the catalysis of cobalt salt or manganese salt. The reaction has harsh oxidation conditions, poor oxidation selectivity on a substrate with a complex structure and low yield.
2. Oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes. The method is used for preparing carboxylic acid with unchanged carbon skeleton and carbon number. But the required starting materials are sometimes not readily available.
3. And (4) performing haloform reaction. Compounds having a methyl ketone structure or which can be oxidized to a methyl ketone structure react with halogen under alkaline conditions to produce trihalomethyl ketones, which are then hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids having one carbon atom reduced. The method has limitation on the structure of a substrate, and the reaction is easy to generate a large amount of byproducts, thereby limiting the universality of the reaction.
4. An organic metal salt (e.g., grignard reagent or organolithium reagent, etc.) is reacted with carbon dioxide to produce a carboxylic acid having one additional carbon atom. The method has high requirements on reaction conditions, needs no water and oxygen, and a substrate with applicable conditions cannot contain other sensitive functional groups.
5. Esters, amides or acid chloride compounds are hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids. The method is universal in use, the applicable conditions and the reaction yield are greatly influenced by the structure of a substrate, and the substrate is required to have a carboxylic acid derivative functional group, so that the method has certain limitation on use.
Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. The alkali metal salt of phenol and carbon dioxide are used to prepare phenolic acid compounds with one carbon atom added under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure. The disadvantage is that the yield is not high, since the groups on the phenol ring easily interfere with the reaction. The industrial value is small.
7. The cyano compound is hydrolyzed under the catalysis of strong acid or strong base to prepare carboxylic acid with unchanged carbon skeleton and carbon number. The substrate used in the method is usually prepared by using a highly toxic cyaniding reagent such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide or cuprous cyanide, and then hydrolyzed into corresponding carboxylic acid compounds by strong acid or strong alkali under the high-temperature condition. Long route, more generated impurities, complex and dangerous post-treatment process due to the use of highly toxic cyaniding reagent, and more three wastes.
Therefore, although the methods for synthesizing carboxylic acids are various, the methods have limitations and limit the applications. This is particularly important in industrial mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of harsh reaction conditions and more three wastes in the preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds in the prior art, so that the preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds, which has the advantages of simple, convenient, mild and safe reaction conditions, easily available raw materials, convenience in recycling and reusing, low cost and less three wastes, is provided.
The invention provides a preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds, which comprises the following steps of mixing a compound shown as a general formula (II) with a solvent, preparing a target product (I) under the action of alkali and an oxidant, and expressing the target product as follows by using a reaction formula:
Figure BDA0003964063120000031
in the formula, R 1 Any one group selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, nitroalkyl, aminoalkyl and aminocarbonylalkyl;
R 2 selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen, C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 2～8 Alkenyl radical, C 2～8 Any one group of alkynyl, acylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carbonyl, aldehyde group, carboxyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
R 3 represents 1 to 5 groups independently selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen, C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 2～8 Alkenyl radical, C 2～8 Alkynyl, formylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,Aryl, arylalkyl, R 4 -(CO)-NR 5 R 6 -、R 4 -S (O) n- (alkyl) -, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 - (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n- (CO) -, R 4 - (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 -S- (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (CO) - (alkyl) n-or R 4 -any one of the groups-O- (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-;
R 4 、R 5 、R 6 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, formylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl;
wherein: each of said "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl" or "alkylcarbonyl" is independently selected from unsubstituted or substituted with at least one halo, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl; the "amino", "aminoalkyl", "aminocarbonyl", "aminocarbonylalkyl" and "aminosulfonyl" groups are each independently selected from hydrogen, -R 4 、-OR 4 、-(CO)OR 4 -alkyl- (CO) OR 4 、-(SO 2 )R 4 、-(SO 2 )OR 4 -alkyl- (SO) 2 )R 4 、-(CO)NR 4 R 5 Or- (SO) 2 )NR 4 R 5 Substituted with one or two groups; said "cycloalkyl", "cycloalkylalkyl", "aryl", "heterocyclyl", "arylalkyl" OR "heterocyclylalkyl" are each independently selected from unsubstituted OR selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, halocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with alkyl, -OR 4 、-SR 4 、-(CO)OR 4 、-(SO 2 )R 4 、-NR 4 R 5 OR-O-alkyl- (CO) OR 4 Or two adjacent carbon atoms in the ring with-O unsubstituted or substituted by halogenCH 2 CH 2 -or-OCH 2 O-forms a fused ring;
n is 0, 1, 2,3 or 4;
preferably, R is 1 Is C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 3～8 Cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl; said R 2 Is an electron-withdrawing group such as a halogenated alkyl group, an alkyl carbonyl group, an alkoxy carbonyl group, an amino carbonyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group and the like; said R 3 Is 1 to 5 groups independently selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 2～8 Alkenyl radical, C 2～8 Alkynyl, formylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, R 4 -(CO)-NR 5 R 6 -、R 4 -S (O) n- (alkyl) -, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 - (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n- (CO) -, R 4 - (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 -S- (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (CO) - (alkyl) n-or R 4 -O- (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-;
preferably, said R is 1 Is C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 3～8 Cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl.
Preferably, the reaction solvent is at least one of water, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, N-propanol, isopropanol, N-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-butanol.
Preferably, the base comprises an organic base and an inorganic base, and the molar ratio of the base to the compound (II) is preferably 1.
Preferably, the organic base is selected from at least one of organic amines, quaternary phosphonium bases or quaternary ammonium bases;
the inorganic base is at least one selected from alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, alkali metal acetate, alkali metal formate, alkali metal alkoxide, alkaline earth metal alkoxide or alkali metal phosphate.
Preferably, the oxidizing agent is selected from any one of oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy acid and its salt, or hypochlorous acid and its metal salt.
Preferably, the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the compound (II) is preferably 1.5 to 1.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the preparation method of the carboxylic acid compounds provided by the invention has the advantages of mild and easily controlled reaction conditions, cheap and easily obtained raw materials, low cost, high efficiency, high product yield, good purity and less three wastes, and the used solvent and reagent can be recycled without treatment or after simple treatment.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to better understand the present invention, not to limit the best mode, and not to limit the content and protection scope of the present invention, and any product that is the same or similar to the present invention and is obtained by combining the present invention with other features of the prior art and the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are conventional reagent products which are commercially available, and manufacturers are not indicated.
EXAMPLE-preparation of 2-Nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000061
1) Preparation of intermediate B01-2
15.1g of chloroacetonitrile, 16.5g of pyridine and 50mL of toluene are mixed, stirred, refluxed and reacted for 4 hours, then cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, the filter cake is washed by a small amount of toluene and dried to obtain 29.3 of yellow solid, the yield is 94.8%, and HPLC is more than 99%. The filtrate is recovered and reused without purification.
2) Preparation of intermediate B01-1
22.6g of 3-nitro-4-chlorotrifluoromethane and 18.5g of intermediate B01-2 are added into 60mL of toluene, the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, 34g of DBU is slowly dripped under stirring, the temperature is raised to room temperature after the dripping is finished, the mixture is stirred and reacted for 6 hours, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the reaction solution is washed by water, anhydrous sodium sulfate is dried, and the mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 30g of coffee solid, the yield is 97.6%, and HPLC is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000062
3) 10g of the intermediate B01-1, 2g of sodium hydroxide and 45mL of N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, and 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped while stirring. The dropping speed was controlled so that the reaction temperature did not exceed 55 ℃. Stirring is continued for 2h after the dripping is finished, and the solvent is recovered under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and acidified with hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid. Suction filtration, filter cake washing, drying, 6.8g yellow solid is obtained, yield 88.9%, HPLC > 98%.
EXAMPLE preparation of bis 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000071
10g of 2-chloro-2- (2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylphenyl) acetonitrile, 5.6g of 3-fluoro-5-methoxypyridine and 50mL of xylene are mixed, the mixture is stirred and refluxed for 4 hours, most of solvent is recovered under reduced pressure, the residue is filtered by suction, a filter cake is rinsed by a small amount of xylene and is dried in vacuum, 13.5g of yellow solid is obtained, the yield is 92.3%, and the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) is more than 95%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000072
11g of the intermediate B02, 3.2g of potassium hydroxide and 60mL of isopropanol are mixed, the temperature is increased to 45 ℃, and 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped while stirring. The dropping speed was controlled so that the reaction temperature did not exceed 55 ℃. Stirring is continued for 2h after the dripping is finished, and the solvent is recovered under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and acidified with hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid. Suction filtration, filter cake washing, drying, 5.8g yellow solid, yield 86.4%, HPLC > 98%.
EXAMPLE preparation of tris 3, 5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000073
1) Preparation of intermediate B03-2
15.1g of chloroacetonitrile, 20g of 2, 3-lutidine and 50mL of toluene are mixed, stirred, refluxed and reacted for 4 hours, then cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, and a filter cake is washed by a small amount of toluene and dried to obtain 31.7 of a gray solid, wherein the yield is 93%, and the HPLC is more than 99%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B03-1
8g 2,3, 5-trichloropyridine, 9.6g intermediate B03-2, 14g anhydrous potassium carbonate and 20mLN, N-dimethylacetamide are mixed, stirred at 50 ℃ for reaction, cooled to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtered, the filtrate is diluted by adding water, a solid is separated out, filtered, the filter cake is washed by water and dried, 11.5g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 89.8%, and the HPLC is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000081
3) 9.3g of intermediate B03-1 is mixed with 30mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, 6.4g of sodium carbonate is added, the temperature is raised to 40 ℃ by stirring, 25mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dripped, and the dripping speed is controlled so that the reaction temperature does not exceed 65 ℃. After the dropwise addition, the reaction is continued to be stirred for 1h, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, 50mL of water is added for dilution, and the ethyl ether is used for extraction. Acidifying with hydrochloric acid, and extracting with dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to give 4.4g of an off-white solid in 72.0% yield > 96% HPLC.
EXAMPLE preparation of tetrakis 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000082
1) Preparation of intermediate B04-2
12.2g of ethyl chloroacetate, 12.8g of 3, 5-lutidine and 50mL of petroleum ether (boiling range is 90-120 ℃) are mixed, stirred, refluxed and reacted for 4 hours, then cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, the filter cake is washed by a small amount of petroleum ether and dried to obtain 21.7g of coffee solid, the yield is 94.4%, and HPLC is more than 99%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B04-1
17g of 3-nitro-4-chlorotrifluoromethane and 20.8g of the intermediate B04-2 are added into 60mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, 15g of sodium acetate is added under stirring at room temperature, after the addition is finished, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, the reaction is stirred and reacted for 2 hours, the solvent is recovered from the reaction solution under reduced pressure, the residue is diluted by water and extracted by ethyl acetate, the organic phase is washed by 2% dilute hydrochloric acid and water, dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure, 27.9g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 96.8%, and the HPLC is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000091
3) 15g of the intermediate B04-1, 18g of cesium carbonate and 50mL of tert-butyl alcohol are mixed, the temperature is increased to 45 ℃, and 45mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped and stirred for reaction. The dropping speed was controlled so that the reaction temperature did not exceed 55 ℃. After dropping, stirring is continued for 2h, and the solvent is recovered under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and acidified with hydrochloric acid. A solid precipitated out. Suction filtration, filter cake washing, drying, 8.1g yellow solid, yield 87.8%, HPLC > 98%.
EXAMPLE preparation of penta-5-Chloropentanoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000092
1) Preparation of intermediate B05-2
21.7g of methyl chloroacetate, 20g of 2-methylpyridine and 100mL of petroleum ether (the boiling range is 90-120 ℃) are mixed, stirred and refluxed for 8 hours, cooled to 10 ℃, solid is separated out, filtered, washed by a small amount of petroleum ether, and 30g of gray solid is obtained, wherein the yield is 74.4%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B05-1
20g of the intermediate B05-2 is mixed with 40mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, 20g of sodium tert-butoxide is slowly added in batches under stirring, the mixture is heated to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, 20g of 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane is dropwise added into the reaction solution, the mixture is heated to room temperature and stirred until the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is filtered, the filtrate is concentrated, 10mL of water is added into the residue, the mixture is fully stirred, filtered, a filter cake is washed by a small amount of water and dried, 20g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 78.8%, and the HPLC is more than 95%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000101
3) 20g of the intermediate B05-1, 20g of sodium acetate and 100ml of ethanol are mixed, cooled to 5 ℃, and 60mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dripped under stirring, and stirring is continued for 4 hours after dripping. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was recovered under reduced pressure, the residue was acidified with hydrochloric acid, extracted with dichloromethane, the organic phase was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 6.6g of a pale yellow oily liquid in 61.8% yield with GC > 90%.
EXAMPLE preparation of hexa-3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000102
1) Preparation of intermediate B06-2
9g of 3-methylpyridine, 9g of chloroacetamide and 50mlL 1, 4-dioxane are mixed, stirred and refluxed for 4 hours, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, and a filter cake is washed by a small amount of 1, 4-dioxane to obtain 15g of yellow solid with the yield of 83.5 percent.
2) Preparation of intermediate B06-1
15g of intermediate B06-2, 12g of 2, 3-difluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine and 30mL of N-methylpyrrolidone are mixed, a solution consisting of 6.3g of sodium hydroxide and 5mL of water is slowly dropped into the mixture under stirring at 10 ℃, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 6 hours at room temperature after the dropping. The reaction solution is diluted with water to precipitate a solid. Suction filtration, washing of the filter cake with a little water and drying gave 18.1g of a brown solid with a yield of 88.2%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000111
3) 11.5g of the intermediate B06-1 is dissolved in 20mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, 45mL of sodium hypochlorite solution is dropwise added while stirring at room temperature, the reaction solution is stirred at room temperature for 16h, ether extraction is carried out, aqueous phase hydrochloric acid is acidified, dichloromethane is extracted, organic phase is washed with water, concentration and drying are carried out, and then 7g of off-white solid is obtained, the yield is 89.9%, and HPLC is more than 96%.
EXAMPLE preparation of hepta 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000112
1) Preparation of intermediate B07-2
13.8g of bromoacetamide, 17.7g of 2-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylpyridine and 50mL of ethyl acetate are mixed, stirred, refluxed and reacted for 16 hours, then cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, the filter cake is washed by a small amount of ethyl acetate and dried to obtain 30g of brown solid, the yield is 95.2%, and the HPLC is more than 99%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B07-1
16.0g of 3-nitro-4-chlorotrifluoromethane and 25g of intermediate B07-2 are added into 100mL of ethyl acetate, 0.5mL of water is added, 33g of powdery potassium carbonate is added in batches under stirring at room temperature, after the addition, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, the reaction is stirred for 8 hours, the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, the reaction liquid is filtered, the filtrate is washed by water in sequence, dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure, 28g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 93.3%, and HPLC is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000121
3) 13g of the intermediate B07-1 and 12g of potassium phosphate are mixed with 30mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, 40mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped while stirring at room temperature, and the mixture is continuously stirred until the reaction is completed. The solvent was recovered under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and acidified with hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid. Suction filtration, filter cake washing, drying to obtain 6.9g yellow solid, yield 95.6%, HPLC > 98%.
EXAMPLE eight 2,4, 5-Trifluorophenylacetic acid preparation
Figure BDA0003964063120000122
10g of ethyl 2-bromo-3- (2, 4, 5-trifluorophenyl) propionate and 4.5g of isoquinoline were mixed with 30mL of toluene, stirred at 90 ℃ for reaction for 6 hours, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, washed by a small amount of toluene in a filter cake, and dried to obtain 11.2g of yellow solid, wherein the yield is 79.1%, and the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) content is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000123
11g of the intermediate B08, 4g of sodium ethoxide and 50mL of ethanol are mixed, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, and 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped while stirring. After dropping, the reaction was continued for 2 hours, and then ethanol and water were distilled off. The residue was dissolved in water, extracted with ethyl acetate, acidified with aqueous hydrochloric acid, filtered, the filter cake washed with water and dried to give 4g of off-white solid with a yield of 84.2% and HPLC > 96%.
EXAMPLE preparation of nona1, 3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000131
10g of 2-chloro-2- (1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) acetamide, 5.5g of 3-methylpyridine and 30mL of dimethylbenzene are mixed, stirred at 100 ℃ under stirring for reaction for 6 hours, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, washed by a small amount of dimethylbenzene in a filter cake, and dried to obtain 13.2g of brown yellow solid, wherein the yield is 88%, and the HPLC is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000132
10g of intermediate B09, 3.5g of sodium hydroxide and 25mL of N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped while stirring, the mixture is continuously stirred and reacted for 6 hours after dropping, the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure after the reaction is finished, the residue is diluted by water, the mixture is acidified by hydrochloric acid, filtered, the filter cake is washed by water and dried, 4.5g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 90%, and the HPLC is more than 95%.
EXAMPLE preparation of 2-fluoropyridine-6-carboxylic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000133
7.5g 2-bromo-2- (6-fluoropyridin-2-yl) acetonitrile, 3g pyridine and 20mL toluene were mixed, stirred and refluxed for 3h, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, the filter cake was washed with a small amount of toluene, and dried to obtain 8g gray solid with a yield of 78.0% and HPLC > 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000141
8g of intermediate B10, 3.6g of potassium hydroxide and 20mL of dimethyl sulfoxide are mixed, 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped while stirring at room temperature, stirring is continued for 6 hours after dropping, the solvent is recovered under reduced pressure after the reaction is finished, the residue is diluted by water, hydrochloric acid is used for acidification, suction filtration is carried out, a filter cake is washed by water and dried, and 3g of white-like solid is obtained, the yield is 78.2%, and HPLC is more than 97%.
EXAMPLE preparation of undec 2-nitro-4-fluorobenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000142
1) Preparation of intermediate B11-2
7.5g of 2, 6-dimethylpyridine and 7g of monochloroacetone are mixed with 50mL of tetrahydrofuran, and the mixture is stirred and refluxed to react. After the reaction is completed, the temperature is reduced to 10 ℃, the filtration is carried out, a small amount of tetrahydrofuran is used for washing and drying the filter cake, 11g of white solid is obtained, the yield is 78.7%, and the HPLC is more than 99%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B11-1
11g of intermediate B11-2, 8.8g of 2-chloro-5-fluoronitrobenzene and 25mL of N, N-dimethylformamide were mixed, and a solution of 4.4g of sodium hydroxide and 5mL of water was slowly dropped while stirring at 10 ℃. After the dripping is finished, the temperature is raised to the room temperature, the reaction is stirred for 4 hours, water is added for dilution, the filtration is carried out, a filter cake is washed by water and dried, 14g of yellow solid is obtained, the yield is 92.3 percent, and the HPLC is more than 98 percent.
Figure BDA0003964063120000151
3) 9.5g of intermediate B11-1, 5.5g of potassium carbonate and 30mL of N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is added dropwise under stirring at room temperature, stirring is continued for 6 hours after the dropwise addition is finished, and then the solvent is recovered under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and the pH was adjusted to about 3 with hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid. Suction filtration, filter cake washing, drying to obtain yellow solid 4.6g, yield 79.1%, HPLC > 97%.
EXAMPLE preparation of Dodecabenzoic acid and acetic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000152
18g of 2-chloro-1-phenyl-1, 3-butanedione, 10g of pyridine and 60mL of petroleum ether are mixed, stirred at 40 ℃ for 16h, cooled to 10 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtered, and the filter cake is washed by the petroleum ether to obtain 17g of off-white solid, the yield is 67.4%, and the HPLC is more than 99%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000153
Dissolving 15g of intermediate B12 in 50mL of ethanol, cooling to 0 ℃, adding 9g of sodium ethoxide while stirring, slowly dropwise adding 50mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, heating to room temperature after dropwise adding, stirring for 6h, and removing volatile substances by reduced pressure evaporation. Acidifying the residue with concentrated sulfuric acid, distilling under reduced pressure, collecting to obtain 1.8g acetic acid with yield of 55.1%, diluting the residue with water, separating out solid, vacuum filtering, washing the filter cake with water, and drying to obtain 5.8g white solid with yield of 87.3% and HPLC > 97%.
EXAMPLE thirteen preparation of 6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000161
1) Preparation of intermediate B13-2
15g 2, 4-lutidine, 15g chloroacetamide and 50mL toluene are mixed, heated to 100 ℃, stirred and reacted for 4h, solid is separated out, filtered, filter cake is washed by toluene and dried, 25g of white solid is obtained, the yield is 89%, and HPLC is more than 99%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B13-1
13g of intermediate B13-2, 8g of 4, 6-dichloropyrimidine, 20mLN and N-dimethylformamide are mixed, and a solution of 5g of sodium hydroxide and 5mL of water is slowly dropped while stirring at room temperature. After the dripping is finished, stirring is continued for 2 hours, then water is added for dilution, suction filtration is carried out, a filter cake is washed by water and dried, 12g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 80.8%, and HPLC is more than 96%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000162
10g of the intermediate B13-1, 2g of sodium hydroxide and 25mL of dimethyl sulfoxide are mixed, stirred and heated to 40 ℃, and 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped. After the addition, stirring is continued for 2h. The solvent was recovered under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with water, acidified with hydrochloric acid and filtered under suction to give 4.1g of a tan solid in 71.6% yield, > 93% HPLC.
Example preparation of tetradeca 2, 3-difluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000171
1) Preparation of intermediate B14-2
5.5g of 3-methylisoquinoline, 7.5g of tert-butyl bromoacetate and 40mL of ethyl acetate are mixed, stirred and refluxed for 8 hours, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, washed by a small amount of ethyl acetate in a filter cake, and dried to obtain 12g of brown solid, wherein the yield is 92.3%, and the HPLC is more than 99%.
2) Preparation of intermediate B14-1
11.5g of the intermediate B14-2 is mixed with 30mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, a mixed solution of 3.3g of sodium hydroxide and 4mL of water is slowly dropped while stirring, and after dropping, 5g of 2,3, 4-trifluoronitrobenzene is slowly dropped. The reaction solution is heated to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours, then water is added for dilution, suction filtration is carried out, a filter cake is washed by water and dried, 11g of brown solid is obtained, the yield is 94.0 percent, and HPLC is more than 95 percent.
Figure BDA0003964063120000172
9.9g of intermediate B14-1 was dissolved in 20mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and 5.6g of potassium carbonate was added under stirring at room temperature, followed by slowly dropping 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide. Stirring is continued for 2h after the dropwise addition is finished. The solvent was recovered under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was acidified with hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 3.3g of a pale yellow solid, yield 68.0%, HPLC > 95%.
EXAMPLE preparation of pentadecane 2-methyl-3-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000181
3.7g of 1, 3-dioxo [4,5-B ] pyridine, 8g of 2-bromo-2- (2-methyl-3-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl) acetonitrile and 50mL of petroleum ether were mixed, brought to 40 ℃ and stirred for 16h, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, the filter cake was washed with petroleum ether and dried to give 10g of a beige solid in 86.2% yield and HPLC > 98%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000182
9g of intermediate B15, 4g of potassium hydroxide and 30mL of N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, stirred and heated to 40 ℃, and 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped. Stirring is continued for 3h after the dripping is finished. Recovering solvent under reduced pressure, diluting with water, acidifying with hydrochloric acid, vacuum filtering, washing filter cake with water, and drying to obtain 4.1g yellow solid with yield of 90.6% and HPLC > 97%.
EXAMPLE preparation of Hexapepronic acid
Figure BDA0003964063120000183
8.0g of 2- (3, 4-methylenedioxophenyl) -2-bromoacetonitrile, 2.8g of pyridine and 30mL of toluene are mixed, stirred and refluxed for 4h, cooled to 10 ℃, filtered, the filter cake is washed with toluene and dried to obtain 9g of brown solid, the yield is 84.9%, and the HPLC is more than 98%.
Figure BDA0003964063120000191
8g of intermediate B16, 2.5g of sodium hydroxide and 30mL of N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, stirred and heated to 40 ℃, and 30mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly dropped. Stirring is continued for 3h after the dripping is finished. Recovering solvent under reduced pressure, diluting with water, acidifying with hydrochloric acid, vacuum filtering, washing filter cake with water, and drying to obtain 3.1g of white solid with yield of 74.7% and HPLC > 98%.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments and illustrative examples. It should be noted, however, that these specific embodiments are merely examples for clarity of description and are not limiting on the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing carboxylic acid compounds is characterized in that a compound shown as a general formula (II) is mixed with a solvent, and a target product (I) is prepared under the action of alkali and an oxidant, and is represented by the following reaction formula:
Figure FDA0003964063110000011
in the formula, R 1 Selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl,Any one group of alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, nitroalkyl, aminoalkyl or aminocarbonylalkyl;
R 2 selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen, C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 2～8 Alkenyl radical, C 2～8 Any one group of alkynyl, acylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carbonyl, aldehyde group, carboxyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
R 3 represents 1 to 5 groups independently selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen, C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 2～8 Alkenyl radical, C 2～8 Alkynyl, formylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, R 4 -(CO)-NR 5 R 6 -、R 4 -S (O) n- (alkyl) -, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 - (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n- (CO) -, R 4 - (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 -S- (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (CO) - (alkyl) n-or R 4 -any one of the groups-O- (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-;
R 4 、R 5 、R 6 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, formylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl;
wherein: each of said "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl" or "alkylcarbonyl" is independently selected from unsubstituted or substituted with at least one halo, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl; said "amino", "aminoalkyl"The "aminocarbonyl group", "aminocarbonylalkyl group" and "aminosulfonyl group" are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and-R 4 、-OR 4 、-(CO)OR 4 -alkyl- (CO) OR 4 、-(SO 2 )R 4 、-(SO 2 )OR 4 -alkyl- (SO) 2 )R 4 、-(CO)NR 4 R 5 Or- (SO) 2 )NR 4 R 5 Substituted with one or two groups; said "cycloalkyl", "cycloalkylalkyl", "aryl", "heterocyclyl", "arylalkyl" OR "heterocyclylalkyl" are each independently selected from unsubstituted OR selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, halocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with alkyl, -OR 4 、-SR 4 、-(CO)OR 4 、-(SO 2 )R 4 、-NR 4 R 5 OR-O-alkyl- (CO) OR 4 Or two adjacent carbon atoms in the ring and-OCH, unsubstituted or substituted by halogen 2 CH 2 -or-OCH 2 O-forms a fused ring;
and n is 0, 1, 2,3 or 4.
2. The method for producing carboxylic acids according to claim 1, wherein R is 1 Is C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 3～8 Cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl; said R 2 Is an electron-withdrawing group such as halogenated alkyl, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, amino carbonyl, nitro, cyano and the like; said R 3 Is 1 to 5 independently selected from hydrogen, cyano, nitro, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 2～8 Alkenyl radical, C 2～8 Alkynyl, formylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, R 4 -(CO)-NR 5 R 6 -、R 4 -S (O) n- (alkyl) -, R 4 -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 - (CO) - (alkyl) n-),R 4 -O- (alkyl) n- (CO) -, R 4 - (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-, R 4 -S- (CO) - (alkyl) n-, R 4 -O- (CO) - (alkyl) n-or R 4 -O- (CO) -O- (alkyl) n-.
3. The method for producing carboxylic acids according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is 1 Is C 1～8 Alkyl radical, C 3～8 Cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction solvent is at least one of water, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, N-propanol, isopropanol, N-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-butanol.
5. The method for producing carboxylic acids according to claim 1, wherein the base includes an organic base and an inorganic base, and the molar ratio of the base to the compound (II) is preferably 1 to 3.
6. The method for producing carboxylic acids according to claim 5, wherein the organic base is at least one selected from organic amines, quaternary phosphonium bases, and quaternary ammonium bases;
the inorganic base is at least one selected from alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, alkali metal acetate, alkali metal formate, alkali metal alkoxide, alkaline earth metal alkoxide or alkali metal phosphate.
7. The method of producing carboxylic acids according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from any one of oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy acid and salts thereof, hypochlorous acid and metal salts thereof.
8. The method for producing carboxylic acids according to claim 7, wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
9. The method for producing carboxylic acids according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the compound (II) is preferably 1.5 to 1 to 10, and the reaction temperature is 0 to 80 ℃.
CN202211496987.1A 2022-11-25 2022-11-25 Preparation method of carboxylic acid compounds Pending CN115850083A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5294721A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-15 Abbott Laboratories Process for the preparation of pyridinium intermediates
CN105646120A (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-08 浙江省诸暨合力化学对外贸易有限公司 Preparation method of carboxylic acid

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5294721A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-15 Abbott Laboratories Process for the preparation of pyridinium intermediates
CN105646120A (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-08 浙江省诸暨合力化学对外贸易有限公司 Preparation method of carboxylic acid

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