CN115849645A - Method for cracking excess sludge - Google Patents
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- CN115849645A CN115849645A CN202211433565.XA CN202211433565A CN115849645A CN 115849645 A CN115849645 A CN 115849645A CN 202211433565 A CN202211433565 A CN 202211433565A CN 115849645 A CN115849645 A CN 115849645A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cracking excess sludge, which comprises the following steps: (1) Roasting the gasified slag, cooling, soaking in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating, cooling, and drying the treated solid; adding sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate into the dried solid, heating in a water bath while continuously stirring, and separating, cleaning and drying the precipitate after the reaction is finished to obtain a modified gasification slag material; (2) And (3) placing the residual sludge into a light-transmitting reactor, adding the modified gasification slag material, fully mixing, performing irradiation treatment, and then placing under alternate illumination for continuous stirring treatment. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, small damage to sludge protein, low cost, convenient operation, easy dehydration of the sludge after being broken, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cracking method, in particular to a method for cracking excess sludge.
Background
The treatment and disposal of the excess sludge, which is flocculent sludge particles with very high water content, are one of the worldwide problems, and if the excess sludge is improperly disposed, serious environmental pollution is caused. The residual sludge contains a large amount of humus, organic matters, parasites, pathogenic bacteria, various toxic and harmful substances and the like, and the substances are contained in sludge flocs and are extremely difficult to release under the protection of semi-rigid cell walls. If the safe disposal, the reduction and the resource utilization of the excess sludge are realized, the sludge cracking is a key way. In view of this, scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of experimental research on the disintegration of the excess sludge. For example, zhao hong flame, etc., in the research of "optimization of conditions of dynamic experiments for breaking sludge by hot alkali method" at volume 38, no. 7, no. P71-74 of environmental engineering, the sludge is treated by using the hot alkali treatment process, and the results show that the static experiment sludge breaking effect is better when the pH is 13, the reaction temperature is 30 ℃ and the reaction time is 10 hours; among "electrolytic activation of peroxymonosulfate to improve sludge filtration and disintegration performance", vol.48, P7-11, university of science and technology, th volume, of guo shao dong et al, n.s. (university of science and technology, nature) use iron rods (zero-valent iron) as negative and positive electrodes, and improve sludge disintegration and filtration performance by electrolytic activation of peroxymonosulfate, the results show that: in the process of treating sludge by electrolyzing and activating peroxymonosulfate, when current is 0.2A, and 130mg of peroxymonosulfate is added into 1g of dry sludge, the capillary sucking time of the sludge is obviously reduced, and Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and sludge cells are simultaneously cracked; qi snow Fei and the like utilize the microwave-mechanical combined action to crack the excess sludge in the research of ' microwave-mechanical combined excess sludge crushing mechanism research ' in No. 1P 18-24 of university of Shaanxi science and technology ' volume 38, and the result shows that under the combined action of the two, the cracking effect of the excess sludge is remarkable, and the sludge crushing rate reaches 84.4%. The research on the cracking of the residual sludge obtains better effect, the cracked sludge is obviously reduced, but the methods have high cracking cost, too long cracking time or serious damage to useful components in the sludge, and the cracking effect is to be further improved.
The gasified slag is waste slag generated in the production process of the gasification furnace, an effective treatment method is still lacked in the conventional gasified slag, and the gasified slag is mainly stacked on waste land in a solid waste form and seriously pollutes the environment such as surrounding water, soil, atmosphere and the like. Research shows that the gasified slag contains various beneficial components, and if the gasified slag can be modified appropriately, the beneficial components in the gasified slag can be effectively utilized, so that the gasified slag can be changed into valuable, and the problem of environmental pollution of the gasified slag can be effectively solved. Therefore, the modified gasified slag has a good application prospect in sludge cracking, but the specific application of the modified gasified slag needs to be further studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide the method for cracking the excess sludge, which has the advantages of high efficiency, small damage to sludge protein, low cost and convenient operation, and the sludge cracked by the method has the advantages of easy dehydration, environmental protection and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: the method for cracking the excess sludge comprises the following steps:
(1) Roasting the gasified slag, cooling, immersing in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating, cooling, and drying the treated solid; adding sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate into the dried solid, heating in a water bath while continuously stirring, and separating, cleaning and drying the precipitate after the reaction is finished to obtain a modified gasification slag material;
(2) And (3) placing the residual sludge into a light-transmitting reactor, adding the modified gasification slag material, fully mixing, performing irradiation treatment, and then placing under alternate illumination for continuous stirring treatment.
And standing for solid-liquid layering after the completion, and then separating, detecting and analyzing the solid phase and the liquid phase.
Preferably, the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 355-425 ℃, and the roasting time is 2.3-3.4 h; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the roasted gasification slag after being immersed in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1; the heating temperature of the roasted gasification slag after being immersed in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 477-586 ℃, and the heating time is 3.3-5.2 h; the mass ratio of the dried solid to the sodium carbonate to the nickel nitrate is (4-7): 1 to 5: 1-2, dissolving in deionized water (solid-liquid mass ratio 1; the water bath heating temperature is 87-94 ℃, and the water bath heating time is 24-38 h.
The adding mass of the modified gasified slag material in the step (2) is 2.5-8.3% of the mass of the residual sludge; the irradiation dose is 0.015 kGy-0.04 kGy, and the irradiation time is 1.5-2.1 min; the alternate illumination treatment is illumination for 1.5min to 5min, and is protected from light for 10min to 12.5 min; the continuous stirring treatment time is 1-3 h.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) The method has high sludge cracking efficiency, and can activate the beneficial components of the gasified slag by effectively modifying the gasified slag of the solid waste, and achieve the purpose of quickly cracking the residual sludge by virtue of the excitation action of irradiation and illumination. (2) The sludge protein is small in damage, in a cracking experiment, the active ingredients of the gasified residues can quickly break down microbial cell walls in the sludge under the activation of irradiation rays, meanwhile, under the further stimulation of illumination, active free radicals are quickly increased, sludge cells are quickly cracked, the cracking time of the sludge is greatly reduced, the cracking efficiency is improved, the effect of the free radicals on the cell walls is reduced after the cell walls are cracked, and therefore, beneficial ingredients in the cells, such as protein and the like, cannot be excessively damaged; (3) The method is environment-friendly, safe, reliable, simple and convenient to operate and convenient to popularize; the method of the invention changes waste gasification slag into valuable and effectively solves the problem of environmental pollution of the gasification slag; the prepared modified gasification slag is used for breaking excess sludge, and the purpose of treating waste with waste is achieved; (4) The technical method has obvious effect, can realize resource utilization of the gasified slag and reduction of the excess sludge, ensures that the cracked sludge supernatant contains a large amount of high-quality protein, can be used for developing various downstream products, and has very high additional value.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The method for cracking the excess sludge comprises the following steps:
1) Modification treatment of gasified slag: roasting a certain amount of gasified slag at 355 ℃ for 2.3h, cooling, soaking the gasified slag in a 22.7% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (solid-liquid ratio is 1; dissolving the obtained solid, sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 4;
2) And (3) cracking of residual sludge: placing a certain amount of excess sludge in a light-transmitting reactor, adding the modified gasified slag material obtained in the step 1) into the reactor, wherein the addition amount is 2.5% of the mass of the excess sludge, fully mixing, and then carrying out irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.015kGy, and the irradiation time is 1.5min. And after the irradiation is finished, placing the reactor filled with the mixture of the excess sludge and the modified gasification slag under alternate illumination (illumination for 1.5min and light shielding for 10 min), acting for 1h under continuous magnetic stirring, standing for solid-liquid delamination after the completion, and then separating, detecting and analyzing a solid-liquid phase.
The cracking effect is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: SCOD after Showing the amount of soluble COD in the excess sludge after the disintegration; TCOD 0 Represents the total COD amount in the excess sludge; SCOD 0 Indicating the amount of soluble COD in the excess sludge before disintegration. The supernatant was dialyzed to recover sludge proteins.
The cracking effect of the excess sludge is shown in Table 1-1.
TABLE 1-1 excess sludge disintegration Effect
As can be seen from the data in Table 1-1, the excess sludge is effectively broken, the smell of the broken excess sludge is not obvious, and the molecular weight of the microbial protein is between the molecular weight of standard protein (the molecular weight standard of protein is 14.4-94.0 kda, and the data is from https:// www.docin.com/p-1965682695. Html.), so that the microbial protein molecules of the sludge are not greatly damaged.
Example 2
The method for cracking the excess sludge comprises the following steps:
1) Modification treatment of gasified slag: roasting a certain amount of gasification slag at 365 ℃ for 2.5h, cooling, soaking the gasification slag in a 22.7 mass percent sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:5 w/w), heating at 490 ℃ for 3.5h, cooling the sample to room temperature, cleaning and drying the solid; dissolving the obtained solid, sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 4.5;
2) And (3) cracking of the residual sludge: placing a certain amount of excess sludge in a light-transmitting reactor, adding the modified gasification slag material obtained in the step 1) into the reactor, wherein the addition amount is 3% of the mass of the excess sludge, fully mixing, and then carrying out irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.018kGy, and the irradiation time is 1.6min. And after the irradiation is finished, placing the reactor filled with the mixture of the excess sludge and the modified gasification slag under alternate illumination (2 min illumination and 10.5min light shielding), acting for 1.4h under continuous magnetic stirring, standing until solid and liquid are layered, and then separating, detecting and analyzing the solid and liquid phases.
The analysis of cracking effect detection is the same as that of example 1. The cracking effect is shown in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1 Effect of disintegrating excess sludge
As can be seen from the data in Table 2-1, the excess sludge is effectively cracked, the odor of the cracked excess sludge is not obvious, and the molecular weight of the microbial protein is between the molecular weight of standard proteins (the molecular weight standard of the protein is 14.4-94.0 kda, and the data is from https:// www. Docin. Com/p-1965682695. Html), so that the microbial protein molecules of the sludge are well protected.
Example 3
The method for cracking the excess sludge comprises the following steps:
1) Modification treatment of gasified slag: roasting a certain amount of gasified slag at 395 ℃ for 2.9h, cooling, soaking the gasified slag in a 22.7% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (solid-liquid ratio is 1; dissolving the obtained solid, sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 5;
2) And (3) cracking of the residual sludge: placing a certain amount of excess sludge into a light-transmitting reactor, adding the modified gasified slag material obtained in the step 1) into the reactor, wherein the addition amount is 5.5% of the mass of the excess sludge, fully mixing, and then carrying out irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.029kGy, and the irradiation time is 1.9min. And after the irradiation is finished, placing the reactor filled with the mixture of the excess sludge and the modified gasified slag under alternate illumination (illumination for 3.7min and light shielding for 11.5 min), acting for 2.3h under continuous magnetic stirring, standing for solid-liquid layering, and then separating, detecting and analyzing the solid-liquid phase.
The analysis of cracking effect detection is the same as that of example 1. The cracking effect is shown in the table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1 Effect of excess sludge disintegration
As can be seen from the data in Table 3-1, the residual sludge is effectively cracked, the odor of the cracked residual sludge is not obvious, and the molecular weight of the microbial protein is between the molecular weight of standard proteins (the molecular weight standard of the protein is 14.4-94.0 kda, and the data is derived from https:// www. Docin. Com/p-1965682695. Html), so that the microbial protein molecules of the sludge are not greatly damaged.
Example 4
The method for cracking the excess sludge comprises the following steps:
for the modification treatment of the gasified slag, firstly, a certain amount of the gasified slag is roasted at 415 ℃ for 3.1h, the gasified slag is immersed in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass ratio of 22.7 percent (the solid-liquid ratio is 1; dissolving the obtained solid, sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 6.5 to 1.8 (solid-liquid 1). For the cracking of the excess sludge, firstly, a certain amount of the excess sludge is placed in a light-transmitting reactor, the obtained modified gasified slag material is added into the reactor, the addition amount of the modified gasified slag material is 8 percent of the mass of the excess sludge, the modified gasified slag material and the excess sludge are fully mixed and then are subjected to irradiation treatment, the irradiation dose is 0.035kGy, and the irradiation time is 2min. And after the irradiation is finished, placing the reactor filled with the mixture of the excess sludge and the modified gasification slag under alternate illumination (4 min illumination and 12min light shielding), acting for 2.7h under continuous magnetic stirring, standing for solid-liquid delamination after the completion, and then separating, detecting and analyzing the solid-liquid phase.
Example 5
The method for cracking the excess sludge comprises the following steps:
for the modification treatment of the gasified slag, firstly, a certain amount of the gasified slag is taken to be roasted for 3.4h at 425 ℃, the gasified slag is immersed in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass ratio of 22.7 percent (the solid-liquid ratio is 1: 9.3) after being cooled, the gasified slag is heated for 5.2h at 586 ℃, then the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and the solid is cleaned and dried; dissolving the obtained solid, sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 7. For the cracking of the excess sludge, firstly, a certain amount of the excess sludge is placed in a light-transmitting reactor, the obtained modified gasified slag material is added into the reactor, the addition amount of the modified gasified slag material is 8.3 percent of the mass of the excess sludge, the modified gasified slag material is fully mixed and then is subjected to irradiation treatment, the irradiation dose is 0.04kGy, and the irradiation time is 2.1min. And after the irradiation is finished, placing the reactor filled with the mixture of the excess sludge and the modified gasification slag under alternate illumination (5 min illumination and 12.5min light shielding), acting for 3 hours under continuous magnetic stirring, standing for solid-liquid layering, and then separating, detecting and analyzing a solid-liquid phase.
The method adopts the modified gasified slag to crack the excess sludge, has the advantages of ingenious conception, obvious effect and simple and convenient operation, the cracked excess sludge is basically odorless, the sludge protein is not greatly damaged, the molecular weight is proper, various downstream products can be developed, the bacterial microorganisms in the sludge residue are basically and completely killed, and the risk of spreading pathogenic bacteria does not exist; in addition, the sludge is not required to be heated additionally during the disintegration, the energy consumption is reduced, the sludge dehydration performance after the disintegration is obviously improved, and the sludge reduction is obvious. The method disclosed by the invention realizes resource utilization of the gasified slag, effectively cracks the excess sludge, and has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, safety, reliability, simplicity and convenience in operation, convenience in popularization and the like.
Comparative example
The method for cracking the residual sludge gasified slag comprises the following steps:
putting a certain amount of gasification slag which is removed of foreign matters and dried and excess sludge into a light-transmitting reactor, wherein the addition amount of the gasification slag is 5% of the mass of the excess sludge, fully mixing, reacting for 2 hours under natural illumination without human interference, standing for solid-liquid delamination after completion, and then separating, detecting and analyzing a solid-liquid phase.
The analysis of cracking effect detection is the same as that of example 1. The cracking effect is shown in Table 4-1.
TABLE 4-1 Effect of excess sludge disintegration
As can be seen from the data in Table 4-1, the cracking effect of the untreated gas and slag is poor, the odor of the residual sludge after the reaction is completed is basically unchanged, and the concentration of microbial protein in the supernatant is low.
Claims (10)
1. The method for breaking the excess sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Roasting the gasified slag, cooling, soaking in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating, cooling, and drying the treated solid; adding sodium carbonate and nickel nitrate into the dried solid, heating in water bath while continuously stirring, and separating, cleaning and drying the precipitate after the reaction is finished to obtain a modified gasification slag material;
(2) And (3) placing the residual sludge into a light-transmitting reactor, adding the modified gasified slag material, fully mixing, performing irradiation treatment, and placing under alternate illumination for continuous stirring treatment.
2. The method for decomposing excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the baking temperature in the step (1) is 355 to 425 ℃, and the baking time is 2.3 to 3.4 hours.
3. The method for decomposing excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the roasted gasification slag in step (1) after being immersed in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is 1.
4. The method for decomposing the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the roasted gasification slag in the step (1) after being immersed in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is 477 to 586 ℃, and the heating time is 3.3 to 5.2 hours.
5. The method for decomposing the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the dried solid in the step (1) to the sodium carbonate and the nickel nitrate is 4-7: 1 to 5:1 to 2.
6. The method for decomposing the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the water bath heating temperature in the step (1) is 87 to 94 ℃, and the water bath heating time is 24 to 38h.
7. The method for decomposing the excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the modified gasified slag material is added in the step (2) in an amount of 2.5 to 8.3% by mass based on the excess sludge.
8. The method for decomposing excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation dose in the step (2) is 0.015kGy to 0.04kGy, and the irradiation time is 1.5 to 2.1min.
9. The method for decomposing excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the alternating illumination treatment in the step (2) is performed for 1.5min to 5min and is performed in a dark place for 10 to 12.5 min.
10. The method for decomposing excess sludge according to claim 1, wherein the continuous stirring treatment time in the step (2) is 1 to 3 hours.
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