CN115849250A - Hydraulic system of multidirectional forklift - Google Patents
Hydraulic system of multidirectional forklift Download PDFInfo
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- CN115849250A CN115849250A CN202111125217.1A CN202111125217A CN115849250A CN 115849250 A CN115849250 A CN 115849250A CN 202111125217 A CN202111125217 A CN 202111125217A CN 115849250 A CN115849250 A CN 115849250A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic system of a multi-directional forklift, which comprises a hydraulic control system, a forklift body, a driving wheel, a universal wheel and a plurality of steering wheels, wherein the driving wheel, the universal wheel and the steering wheels are connected to the lower end of the forklift body, the hydraulic control system is connected with at least one steering wheel to adjust the rotation direction of the steering wheels, the driving wheel and the hydraulic control system are respectively in signal connection with a controller, a plurality of walking modes are preset in the controller, and the controller is used for adjusting the driving wheel and/or the hydraulic control system according to the walking modes. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the forklift can have multiple running functions of lateral running, in-situ rotation and the like, and can be freely switched among different running modes of straight running, lateral running, in-situ rotation and the like, so that the purposes of stacking and carrying under complex working conditions can be realized, and the application range and the operating efficiency of the forklift are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forklift control systems, and particularly relates to a hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift.
Background
An ordinary forklift often only has a straight-going function (namely straight-going/backward-moving and turning), and taking a three-fulcrum forward-moving forklift as an example, the directions and angles of two front wheels relative to a forklift body are always unchanged and are fixed wheels; the angle of the rear wheels can be manipulated by the steering wheel, so that this forklift only has the most basic functions of forward, backward, forward turning and backward turning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least part of defects in the prior art, the invention provides a hydraulic system of a multi-directional forklift, which can enable the forklift to have functions of lateral running and in-situ rotation, and enable the forklift to adapt to more complex field environments.
The hydraulic system of the multidirectional forklift comprises a hydraulic control system, a forklift body, a driving wheel, a universal wheel and a plurality of steering wheels, wherein the driving wheel, the universal wheel and the steering wheels are connected to the lower end of the forklift body, the hydraulic control system is connected with at least one steering wheel to adjust the rotating direction of the steering wheels, the driving wheel and the hydraulic control system are respectively in signal connection with a controller, a plurality of running modes are preset in the controller, and the controller is used for adjusting the driving wheel and/or the hydraulic control system according to the running modes.
The hydraulic control system further comprises a main oil path, a branch oil path and a main switching valve connected between the main oil path and the branch oil path, the main switching valve is provided with a first outlet communicated with the main oil path and a second outlet communicated with the branch oil path, the main switching valve is used for switching the main oil path and the branch oil path, and the branch oil path comprises a hydraulic driving mechanism connected to the steering wheel and used for driving the steering wheel to rotate.
Further, the main oil circuit includes oil tank, filter core, gear pump and fork truck multiple unit valve, the filter core sets up the return circuit that produces oil at the oil tank, the oil inlet of gear pump with the oil-out of filter core is connected, the oil-out of gear pump with the oil inlet of main switching valve is connected, the first export of main switching valve with the oil inlet of fork truck multiple unit valve is connected, the pressure release mouth of fork truck multiple unit valve with the oil tank is connected, the fork truck multiple unit valve is used for controlling the rise, decline, antedisplacement, retreat, lean forward, back-up, roll adjustment and the side of fork truck portal on.
Furthermore, a second outlet of the main switching valve is also connected with an electromagnetic overflow valve, and an oil outlet of the electromagnetic overflow valve is communicated with the oil tank.
Further, the hydraulic driving structure is a hydraulic motor assembly, the branch oil path includes a switching valve connected to a second outlet of the main switching valve, the switching valve is a three-position four-way valve, the switching valve has three switching oil outlets, one of the switching oil outlets is connected to a balance valve group, one of the switching oil outlets is connected to the hydraulic motor assembly, and one of the switching oil outlets is communicated to the oil tank.
Further, the hydraulic driving mechanism is an oil cylinder assembly, the branch oil path comprises a switching valve connected to a second outlet of the main switching valve, the switching valve has three switching oil outlets, one of the switching oil outlets is connected to an oil inlet of the oil cylinder, one of the switching oil outlets is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil cylinder, and the other switching oil outlet is communicated with the oil tank.
Furthermore, the hydraulic motor is a bidirectional fixed-displacement motor, and the bidirectional fixed-displacement motor is self-provided with a brake, and has the functions of locking and pressure maintaining and a loop.
Furthermore, the neutral position of the valve core of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve of the switching valve can be Y-shaped, and when the valve core is in the neutral position after the oil circuit is switched, the system can not be unloaded.
Further, the oil cylinder component comprises an oil cylinder body and a hydraulic lock, wherein the oil cylinder body is directly connected with the hydraulic lock in a plate mode, and the hydraulic lock has pressure maintaining and locking functions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the forklift can have multiple running functions of lateral running, in-situ rotation and the like, and can be freely switched among different running modes of straight running, lateral running, in-situ rotation and the like, so that the purposes of stacking and carrying under complex working conditions can be realized, and the application range and the operating efficiency of the forklift are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the hydraulic system of the multi-directional forklift truck of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing positions of driving wheels, universal wheels and steering wheels in a straight-ahead mode of the forklift;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the driving wheels, the universal wheels and the steering wheels in the side-walking mode of the forklift;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing positions of a driving wheel, a universal wheel and a steering wheel in a unidirectional rotation mode of the forklift;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic system of the multi-directional forklift in embodiment 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic system of the multi-directional forklift in embodiment 2.
In the figure, 1, an oil tank; 2. a filter element; 3. a gear pump; 4. a motor; 5. a main switching valve; 6. an electromagnetic spill valve; 7. a switching valve; 8. a balancing valve; 9. a hydraulic motor assembly; 10. a forklift multi-way valve; 11. an oil cylinder assembly; a steering wheel; 13. a universal wheel; 14. a drive wheel; 15. a steering wheel assembly.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a technical scheme, which is applied to a three-point forklift: the hydraulic system of the multidirectional forklift comprises a hydraulic control system, a forklift body, a driving wheel 14, a universal wheel 13 and a steering wheel 12, wherein the driving wheel 14, the universal wheel 13 and the steering wheel 12 are connected to the lower end of the forklift body, the hydraulic control system is connected with at least one steering wheel to adjust the rotating direction of the steering wheel 12, the driving wheel 14 and the hydraulic control system are respectively in signal connection with a controller, a plurality of running modes are preset in the controller, and the controller is used for adjusting the driving wheel 14 and/or the hydraulic control system according to the running modes.
Referring to fig. 2, when the forklift is in the walking mode, the rolling directions of the driving wheels 14, the universal wheels 13 and the steering wheels 12 are all parallel to the central axis of the forklift body.
Referring to fig. 3, when the forklift is in the sideways mode, the rolling directions of the driving wheels 14, the universal wheels 13 and the steering wheels 12 are all perpendicular to the central axis of the forklift body.
Referring to fig. 4, when the forklift is in the unidirectional rotation mode, the forward directions of the driving wheels 14, the universal wheels 13, and the steering wheels 12 are on the same circular track.
In summary, the switching between the different modes is realized by changing the current steering angles of the driving wheel 14 and the steering wheel 12, so that the steering angles of the driving wheel 14 and the steering wheel 12 always maintain a certain linked mathematical algorithm or geometric relationship. The steering angle of the driving wheel 14 is usually controlled by a steering wheel 15, and the universal wheel 13 can follow the running and steering, so that how to control the steering angle of the steering wheel 12 is the key to realize the multi-mode running.
In the above embodiment, in order to control the steering of the steering wheel 12, the hydraulic control system includes a main oil path, a branch oil path, and a main switching valve 5 connected between the main oil path and the branch oil path, the main switching valve 5 has a first outlet communicating with the main oil path and a second outlet communicating with the branch oil path, the main switching valve 5 is configured to switch the main oil path and the branch oil path, and the branch oil path includes a hydraulic drive mechanism connected to the steering wheel 12 and configured to drive the steering wheel 12 to rotate.
In the above embodiment, the main oil path includes an oil tank 1, a filter element 2, a gear pump 3 and a forklift multi-way valve 10, the filter element 2 is disposed in an oil outlet loop of the oil tank 1, an oil inlet of the gear pump 3 is connected with an oil outlet of the filter element 2, an oil outlet of the gear pump 3 is connected with an oil inlet of the main switching valve 5, a first outlet of the main switching valve 5 is connected with an oil inlet of the forklift multi-way valve 10, an oil outlet of the forklift multi-way valve 5 is connected with the oil tank 1, and the forklift multi-way valve 10 is used for controlling lifting, descending, forward moving, backward moving, forward tilting, backward tilting, distance adjusting and side shifting of a fork on a forklift gantry.
In the above embodiment, the steering of the driving wheel 14 is realized by operating the steering wheel 15, and the current angle value is read by the controller in real time by an external sensor; the universal wheel 13 has the functions of following driving and flexible steering; the steering wheel is a mode switching wheel, the angle of the steering wheel 12 relative to the forklift body is changed, the steering wheel 12 relative to the driving wheel 14 keeps a certain geometrical relationship or an internal relation of a mathematical algorithm, the current angle value of the steering wheel 12 and the driving wheel 14 is read by an external sensor and processed by a controller, the mode switching condition is met, an external signal can be triggered, the rotation angle of the steering wheel 12 and the driving wheel 14 can be adjusted by self or manual operation, and the switching of the forklift running mode is realized.
In the above embodiment, the main switching valve 5 is arranged in the main oil path, the main switching valve 5 is a two-position three-way valve, and only one of the left valve core and the right valve core can be selected to perform on-off control, and the left valve core and the right valve core cannot be opened or closed simultaneously. Under normal conditions, pressure oil comes out from the gear pump 3, passes through a left valve core of the main switching valve 5, directly reaches the forklift multi-way valve 10 through a main oil way, and a handle of the forklift multi-way valve 10 is operated, so that various hydraulic actions such as lifting, descending, forward moving, retreating, forward tilting, backward tilting, distance adjusting, lateral moving and the like of a pallet fork on the forklift gantry can be realized. In practical implementation, the main switching valve 5 may be a three-position four-way valve or the like, which is not particularly limited, and the main switching valve 5 only needs to have at least 2 outlets.
In the above embodiment, the hydraulic drive mechanism adopts the hydraulic motor assembly 9, the main valve 5 is switched to the right spool, the pressure oil enters the switching valve 7 in the branch oil path, the switching valve 7 is a three-position four-way valve, the spools can be left, middle and right, and the left spool of the switching valve 7 is opened; the pressure oil passes through the balance valve group 8, the balance valve group 8 plays a role in eliminating pressure difference of an oil inlet port and an oil outlet port and balancing pressure, and the situation that when the hydraulic motor assembly 9 returns oil, the oil return pressure is too large (or the back pressure of a pipeline component in a hydraulic system is too large) to cause that the valve port of the switching valve 7 is reversely flushed, the hydraulic motor assembly 9 cannot be locked and pressure-maintaining, the steering wheel 12 deflects in an angle, and the steering angle error is too large is prevented; the pressure oil then enters the hydraulic motor assembly 9, the hydraulic motor assembly 9 transmits power through different transmission forms (such as a gear pair, a belt pulley, a chain and other transmission forms) so as to change the steering angle of the steering wheel 12, the steering angle of the driving wheel 14 is assisted, and the calculation and linkage control are carried out through a controller, so that the forklift can run in other modes; a check valve group is arranged in a hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic motor assembly 9, has the function of locking and pressure maintaining, and can ensure that the steering angle of the steering wheel 12 is always maintained at the current angle in the running process of the forklift so as to ensure that the running mode of the forklift is reliable and effective and can continue to maintain the mode; the hydraulic motor assembly 9 has a braking function, and after the external sensor senses that the angle of the steering wheel 12 reaches a required position, information can be fed back and the hydraulic motor assembly 9 is braked, so that the current angle is locked; the hydraulic motor in the hydraulic motor assembly 9 is a bidirectional quantitative motor which can rotate forward and backward, and when the switching valve 7 opens the right valve core and closes the left valve core, the hydraulic motor can rotate backward; when the steering wheel 12 encounters external resistance and cannot rotate or other sudden conditions, and the system pressure is increased sharply to reach the safety set pressure value of the electromagnetic overflow valve 6, the electromagnetic overflow valve 6 is automatically opened and returns oil to reduce the system pressure, so that the safety of components of the whole hydraulic system is protected; when the steering angles of the steering wheel 12 and the driving wheel 14 are detected in place by an external sensor, the whole process of switching the running mode is completed, the main switching valve 5 is switched to the left valve core at the moment, and the handle of the forklift multi-way valve 10 is operated to realize various hydraulic actions of the forklift.
Therefore, by switching the driving mode by the hydraulic motor assembly 9 and adding an external detection and control means, the steering of the steering wheel 12 can be changed in any direction and at any angle, and the angle can be kept stable.
Example 2
The main technical features of example 2 are the same as those of example 1, except that: the hydraulic driving mechanism adopts a hydraulic oil cylinder assembly 11, the hydraulic oil cylinder assembly 11 comprises an oil cylinder and a hydraulic lock, the oil cylinder and the hydraulic lock are integrated in a plate-type direct connection mode, the hydraulic lock has the locking and pressure maintaining functions, the steering wheel 12 is enabled to keep the current angle and the driving mode, and an electromagnetic overflow valve 6 is also arranged in the loop and used for protecting the safety of each hydraulic component. Since the oil cylinder is a rigid component, when the oil cylinder is used to switch the driving mode, the steering angle range of the steering wheel 12 is limited to a certain extent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a multidirectional fork truck's hydraulic system which characterized in that: the hydraulic control system is connected with at least one steering wheel to adjust the rotation direction of the steering wheel, the driving wheel and the hydraulic control system are respectively in signal connection with a controller, a plurality of running modes are preset in the controller, and the controller is used for adjusting the driving wheel and/or the hydraulic control system according to the running modes.
2. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic control system comprises a main oil way, a branch oil way and a main switching valve connected between the main oil way and the branch oil way, the main switching valve is provided with a first outlet communicated with the main oil way and a second outlet communicated with the branch oil way, the main switching valve is used for switching the main oil way and the branch oil way, and the branch oil way comprises a hydraulic driving mechanism connected to a steering wheel and used for driving the steering wheel to rotate.
3. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the main oil circuit includes oil tank, filter core, gear pump and fork truck multiple unit valve, the filter core sets up the oil return circuit at the oil tank, the oil inlet of gear pump with the oil-out of filter core is connected, the oil-out of gear pump with the oil inlet of main switching valve is connected, the first export of main switching valve with the oil inlet of fork truck multiple unit valve is connected, the pressure release mouth of fork truck multiple unit valve with the oil tank is connected, the fork truck multiple unit valve is used for controlling rising, decline, antedisplacement, retreat, anteversion, the back of fork on the fork truck portal, roll adjustment and side are moved.
4. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 3, wherein: and the second outlet of the main switching valve is also connected with an electromagnetic overflow valve, and the oil outlet of the electromagnetic overflow valve is communicated with the oil tank.
5. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the hydraulic driving structure is a hydraulic motor assembly, the branch oil path comprises a switching valve connected to a second outlet of the main switching valve, the switching valve is a three-position four-way valve and is provided with three switching oil outlets, one of the switching oil outlets is connected with a balance valve group, one of the switching oil outlets is connected with the hydraulic motor assembly, and the other switching oil outlet is communicated with the oil tank.
6. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the hydraulic driving mechanism is an oil cylinder assembly, the branch oil path comprises a switching valve connected to a second outlet of the main switching valve, the switching valve is provided with three switching oil outlets, one of the switching oil outlets is connected with an oil inlet of the oil cylinder, one of the switching oil outlets is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil cylinder, and the other switching oil outlet is communicated with the oil tank.
7. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the hydraulic motor is a bidirectional quantitative motor, and the bidirectional quantitative motor is provided with a brake and has the functions of locking and pressure maintaining and a loop.
8. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve of the switching valve has the advantages that the middle position of the valve core can be Y-shaped, and when the valve core is located at the middle position after the oil circuit is switched, unloading of a system cannot occur.
9. The hydraulic system of a multidirectional forklift as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the oil cylinder assembly comprises an oil cylinder body and a hydraulic lock, the oil cylinder body is directly connected with the hydraulic lock in a plate mode, and the hydraulic lock has the functions of pressure maintaining and locking.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111125217.1A CN115849250A (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Hydraulic system of multidirectional forklift |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111125217.1A CN115849250A (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Hydraulic system of multidirectional forklift |
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| CN115849250A true CN115849250A (en) | 2023-03-28 |
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| CN202111125217.1A Pending CN115849250A (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Hydraulic system of multidirectional forklift |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109160453A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-08 | 杭叉集团股份有限公司 | A kind of fork truck |
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2021
- 2021-09-26 CN CN202111125217.1A patent/CN115849250A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109160453A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-08 | 杭叉集团股份有限公司 | A kind of fork truck |
| CN109160453B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2023-12-12 | 杭叉集团股份有限公司 | Fork truck |
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