CN115846935A - Rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, preparation method and brazing method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, preparation method and brazing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115846935A CN115846935A CN202211630999.9A CN202211630999A CN115846935A CN 115846935 A CN115846935 A CN 115846935A CN 202211630999 A CN202211630999 A CN 202211630999A CN 115846935 A CN115846935 A CN 115846935A
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003336 CuNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of superhard abrasive tools, in particular to a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, a preparation method and a brazing method thereof, wherein the components of the brazing filler metal comprise 70.0-85.0 percent of Ni, 5.0-9.0 percent of Cr, 1.0-6.0 percent of B, 2.0-6.0 percent of Si, 1.0-6.0 percent of Fe, 0-1.0 percent of Zn and 0-2.0 percent of Y, and the nickel-based brazing filler metal has the vacuum degree of 5 multiplied by 10 ‑3 The brazed diamond pattern is obtained by high-frequency induction heating at the brazing temperature of 980-1000 ℃ under Pa, and the result shows that the yttrium-doped amorphous brazing filler metal changes the fluidity of the brazing filler metal, thereby being beneficial to large-area exposure of diamond, and in addition, the introduction of yttrium improves the static pressure strength of diamond particles after welding, thereby effectively preventing the diamond particles from being broken in large areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superhard abrasive tools, in particular to a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, a preparation method and a brazing method thereof.
Background
The brazed diamond tool has good grinding performance, and has good processing advantages and market prospects in the aspect of grinding of high-hardness and brittle materials such as hard alloy, ceramic, glass, precious stone and the like. The brazing filler metal for preparing the brazed diamond tool commonly used at present comprises Ag-based brazing filler metal, cu-based brazing filler metal and Ni-based brazing filler metal, and the Ag-based active brazing filler metal has a low melting point, can well wet diamond, and is high in cost. The Cu-based brazing filler metal has good wettability, but has poor strength and wear resistance, and the traditional brazed diamond tool of the Ni-based brazing filler metal has the following problems: the high brazing temperature and the corrosion of catalyst elements can cause the thermal damage of diamond, and the brazing interface has large residual stress and low comprehensive mechanical property. Therefore, the development of diamond tool fabrication techniques that maintain high bond strength and low thermal damage is critical.
In recent years, the appearance of amorphous alloys provides a thought for solving the problem, the amorphous alloys are not as ordered and arranged and crystallized from direct and rapid solidification in a liquid state, and the obtained solid alloys are long-range disordered structures, and atoms of the solid alloys are periodically and regularly arranged. The amorphous brazing filler metal has a lower melting point, is beneficial to reducing high-temperature heat damage, and has excellent wettability to diamond, and Chinese invention patent CN201910017545.6 discloses a method for brazing a diamond tool by using an amorphous CuNi-based active brazing filler metal. In addition, the rare earth doped solder can effectively reduce the thermal damage of the brazed diamond. Therefore, the rare earth doped amorphous solder has obvious advantages in the aspect of replacing the traditional solder. In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need to research and develop a low-cost amorphous solder with excellent soldering process performance and less thermal damage to diamond tools.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of how to prepare a low-cost brazing filler metal with excellent brazing process performance and low heat damage of a diamond tool, and provides a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, a preparation method and a brazing method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses a preparation method of a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 70.0-85.0% of Ni, 5.0-9.0% of Cr, 1.0-6.0% of B, 2.0-6.0% of Si, 1.0-6.0% of Fe, 0-1.0% of Zn and 0-2.0% of Y in percentage by mass, ultrasonically cleaning the weighed pure metal simple substance in an acetone solution for 15min, ultrasonically cleaning the pure metal simple substance in an alcohol solution for 5min, and drying the pure metal simple substance;
s2, placing the metal simple substance in the step S1 in a vacuum arc melting furnace, introducing Ar gas after low vacuum pumping, repeatedly melting for 4 times under the condition that the current in the vacuum arc melting furnace is 40-130A to obtain a nickel-based alloy ingot, taking out the nickel-based alloy ingot from the vacuum arc melting furnace after cooling, and polishing to remove metal scum on the surface;
and S3, placing the nickel-based alloy ingot casting ingot obtained in the step S2 in a glass tube, melting the alloy ingot casting through induction heating, spraying the melted alloy ingot casting onto a copper wheel rotating at a high speed to obtain the strip amorphous brazing filler metal with the thickness of about 40 mu m, and taking out the strip amorphous brazing filler metal from the cavity after cooling.
In the step S1, the purities of the simple substances of Ni, cr, B, si, fe and Y are all 99.5%.
The vacuum degree before the Ar gas is filled in the step S2 is 1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
In the step S3, the pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the glass tube is 0.06MPa, and the distance between the glass tube and the copper wheel is 1.5mm.
The invention also discloses the rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal prepared by the preparation method, and the width of the brazing filler metal is 8mm.
The invention also discloses a brazing method of the rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a steel block, polishing the brazing surface of the steel block, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the steel block, putting the steel block and the superhard abrasive material in an acetone solution and an alcohol solution in sequence, performing ultrasonic cleaning, and drying;
(2) Cutting strip alloy brazing filler metal, successively placing the strip alloy brazing filler metal in acetone solution and alcohol solution to make ultrasonic cleaning and drying treatment, spreading the obtained strip alloy brazing filler metal on the surface of steel block, spreading superhard grinding material on the upper surface of brazing filler metal layer, coating organic carrier between every two layers, then placing the above-mentioned material into vacuum induction brazing furnace to make brazing, and making vacuum degree be retained at 5X 10 -3 Pa is heated to 990 ℃ and kept warm for 5min, and the brazing sample is taken out of the brazing furnace after being cooled to room temperature.
The steel block in the step (1) is a No. 45 steel block, and the size is 15mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 6mm.
The width of the strip-shaped alloy brazing filler metal in the step (2) is 15mm multiplied by 6mm.
And (3) ultrasonically cleaning the strip-shaped alloy solder in the acetone solution in the step (2) for 15min, and ultrasonically cleaning the strip-shaped alloy solder in an alcohol solution for 5min.
The number of layers of the strip-shaped alloy solder laid in the step (2) is 1, the rough surface of the strip-shaped alloy solder faces downwards, the heating mode of the vacuum induction brazing furnace is induction heating, and the heating rate is 20 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nickel-based brazing filler metal has the following excellent effects: the brazing filler metal has good wettability to diamond, the brazing temperature is further reduced due to the lower melting point, and the hot cracking tendency near the joint is reduced;
2. the rare earth Y doping of the invention has the beneficial effects on the soldered joint: the fluidity of the brazing filler metal is changed, and the cutting edge of the diamond is exposed more obviously;
3. the rare earth Y doping of the invention has the beneficial effects on diamond abrasive particles: the reduction of the climbing height of the brazing filler metal reduces the chemical corrosion degree of the brazing filler metal to the diamond, and effectively improves the static pressure strength of the diamond.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of exposure of brazed diamonds from different amorphous solders;
FIG. 2 is a graph of hydrostatic strength of diamond particles after welding;
FIG. 3 is a graph of brazed diamond morphology and Raman results;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of the braze pattern of Y-doped crystalline and amorphous solders of the same composition.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1 to 3, the invention is a method for preparing a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based amorphous solder and a brazing method, the components of the solder comprise 70.0 to 85.0 percent of Ni,5.0 to 9.0 percent of Cr,1.0 to 6.0 percent of B,2.0 to 6.0 percent of Si,1.0 to 6.0 percent of Fe,0 to 1.0 percent of Zn and 0 to 2.0 percent of Y, and the vacuum degree is 5 multiplied by 10 -3 And (3) carrying out high-frequency induction heating under Pa to obtain brazed diamonds, and keeping the temperature for 8min, wherein the result shows that the yttrium-doped amorphous solder changes the fluidity of the solder and is beneficial to large-area exposure of the diamonds. In addition, the introduction of yttrium improves the static pressure strength of the diamond particles after welding, and effectively prevents the diamond particles from being broken in a large area.
Example 1
Operating according to the specific steps, throwing the smelted alloy ingot into an amorphous strip by adopting 85wt% of Ni,5wt% of Cr,1wt% of B,1wt% of Si,6wt% of Fe and 2wt% of Y, wherein the pressure difference is 0.05MPa, the distance between a glass tube and a copper wheel is 1mm, and putting the sample into a high-temperature vacuum induction brazing furnace for brazing; during soldering, the number of layers of the band-shaped brazing filler metal laid is 1, and the vacuum in the furnace is kept at 8.5 multiplied by 10 -3 Heating at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min to 1000 ℃ below Pa, keeping the temperature for 8min, and cooling at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min; when the furnace temperature cooled to room temperature, the brazing pattern was taken out.
Example 2
The operation was carried out in accordance with the specific procedure described above, using 83wt% Ni,7wt% Cr,3wt% B,4wt% Si,3wthrowing the smelted alloy ingot into an amorphous strip with the pressure difference of 0.06MPa and the distance between a glass tube and a copper wheel of 2mm according to t percent of Fe and 0wt percent of Y, and putting the amorphous strip into a high-temperature vacuum induction brazing furnace for brazing; during soldering, the number of layers of the laid band-shaped brazing filler metal is 2, and the vacuum in the furnace is kept at 5 multiplied by 10 -3 Heating at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min to 990 ℃ below Pa, keeping the temperature for less than 8min, and finally cooling at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min; when the furnace temperature cooled to room temperature, the brazing pattern was taken out.
Example 3
Operating according to the specific steps, throwing the smelted alloy ingot into an amorphous strip by adopting 82.2wt% of Ni,7wt% of Cr,3wt% of B,4wt% of Si,3wt% of Fe and 0.8wt% of Y, controlling the pressure difference to be 0.06MPa and the distance between a glass tube and a copper wheel to be 2mm, and putting the sample into a high-temperature vacuum induction brazing furnace for brazing; during soldering, the number of layers of the laid band-shaped brazing filler metal is 2, and the vacuum in the furnace is kept at 5 multiplied by 10 -3 Heating at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min below Pa until the temperature reaches 990 ℃, keeping the temperature within 8min, and finally cooling at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min; when the furnace temperature cooled to room temperature, the brazing pattern was taken out.
Example 4
Operating according to the specific steps, throwing the smelted alloy ingot into an amorphous strip by adopting 70wt% of Ni,9wt% of Cr,6wt% of B,5wt% of Si,6wt% of Fe,2wt% of Zn and 2wt% of Y, wherein the pressure difference is 0.06MPa, the distance between a glass tube and a copper wheel is 2mm, and putting the sample into a high-temperature vacuum induction brazing furnace for brazing; during soldering, the number of layers of the laid band-shaped brazing filler metal is 2, and the vacuum in the furnace is kept at 5 multiplied by 10 -3 Heating at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min to 980 ℃ below Pa, keeping the temperature for 8min, and cooling at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min; when the furnace temperature cooled to room temperature, the brazing pattern was taken out.
Comparative example 1
Using 82.0wt% Ni,7wt% Cr,3wt% B,4wt% Si,3wt% Fe and 1wt% Nd, making the raw materials into Ni-Cr solder according to the procedures of S1 and S2, obtaining solder with proper thickness by wire cutting, and when soldering, maintaining the vacuum in the furnace at 5X 10 -3 Pa or less, a heating rate ofHeating to 1080 deg.c at 20 deg.c/min, maintaining for 8min, and cooling at 10 deg.c/min; when the furnace temperature cooled to room temperature, the brazing pattern was taken out.
The brazing quality was not good in examples 1 and 4, and the exposure profiles of the brazing diamonds of the different amorphous solders in examples 2 to 3 are shown in fig. 1. The larger the exposure of the diamond is, the more the number of the cutting edges is, the grinding efficiency can be improved, and the exposure of the diamond is improved by 9.4% as can be seen from the figure, which shows that the yttrium-doped amorphous solder changes the fluidity of the solder, and is beneficial to the large-area exposure of the diamond.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the hydrostatic strength of the diamond particles after welding in examples 2 to 3, and it can be seen that the hydrostatic strength of the diamond particles after welding is greatly reduced, and the introduction of yttrium improves the hydrostatic strength of the diamond particles after welding to reach 80% of the hydrostatic strength of the original diamond, thereby preventing the diamond particles from being broken in a large area.
Fig. 3 shows the appearance and raman results of the brazed diamonds in examples 2 to 3, the integrity of the diamonds is better, the addition of the climbing height of the brazing filler metal weakens the chemical corrosion degree of the brazing filler metal to the diamonds, and the raman results prove that the view is the point.
Fig. 4 compares the morphology of the brazed diamonds of example 3 and comparative example 1, and fig. 4 (a) is a crystalline solder brazing pattern with a doping amount of 1wt.%, and shows that a small number of heat-eroded pits appear on the surface of the crystalline solder brazing pattern, the tissue density of the region near the joint is low, and there is a risk of occurrence of holes, while the surface of the amorphous solder brazing pattern has no heat-eroded pits, and the vicinity of the joint is smooth and dense.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, weighing 70.0-85.0% of Ni, 5.0-9.0% of Cr, 1.0-6.0% of B, 2.0-6.0% of Si, 1.0-6.0% of Fe, 0-1.0% of Zn and 0-2.0% of Y in percentage by mass, ultrasonically cleaning the weighed pure metal simple substance in an acetone solution for 15min, ultrasonically cleaning the pure metal simple substance in an alcohol solution for 5min, and drying the pure metal simple substance;
s2, placing the metal simple substance in the step S1 in a vacuum arc melting furnace, introducing Ar gas after low vacuum pumping, repeatedly melting for 4 times under the condition that the current in the vacuum arc melting furnace is 40-130A to obtain a nickel-based alloy ingot, taking out the nickel-based alloy ingot from the vacuum arc melting furnace after cooling, and polishing to remove metal scum on the surface;
and S3, placing the nickel-based alloy ingot casting ingot obtained in the step S2 in a glass tube, melting the alloy ingot casting ingot through induction heating, spraying the alloy ingot casting ingot onto a copper wheel rotating at a high speed to obtain strip amorphous brazing filler metal with the thickness of about 40 micrometers, and taking the strip amorphous brazing filler metal out of the cavity after cooling.
2. The method for preparing a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the simple substances of Ni, cr, B, si, fe and Y in the step S1 is 99.5%.
3. The method for preparing a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal according to claim 1, wherein the degree of vacuum before Ar gas is filled in the step S2 is 1 x 10 -2 Pa。
4. The method for preparing a rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the glass tube in the step S3 is 0.06MPa, and the distance between the glass tube and the copper wheel is 1.5mm.
5. A rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the width of the brazing filler metal is 8mm.
6. The brazing method of the rare earth Y doped nickel based brazing filler metal according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting a steel block, polishing the brazing surface of the steel block, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the steel block, putting the steel block and the superhard abrasive material in an acetone solution and an alcohol solution in sequence, performing ultrasonic cleaning, and drying;
(2) Cutting the band-shaped alloy solder, putting the band-shaped alloy solder into acetone solution and alcohol solution in sequence for ultrasonic cleaning and drying, laying the obtained band-shaped alloy solder on the surface of a steel block, laying super-hard abrasive on the upper surface of a solder layer, coating organic carriers between layers, and then putting the band-shaped alloy solder into a vacuum induction brazing furnace for brazing, wherein the vacuum degree is kept at 5 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa is heated to 990 ℃ and kept warm for 5min, and the brazing sample is taken out of the brazing furnace after being cooled to room temperature.
7. The method for brazing a rare earth Y doped nickel based brazing filler metal according to claim 6, wherein the steel blocks in step (1) are 45 steel blocks with dimensions of 15mm x 10mm x 6mm.
8. The brazing method of the rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal according to claim 6, wherein the width of the strip-shaped brazing filler metal in the step (2) is 15mm x 6mm.
9. The brazing method of the rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal in the step (2), wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time of the strip-shaped brazing filler metal in the acetone solution is 15min, and the ultrasonic cleaning time in the alcohol solution is 5min.
10. The brazing method of the rare earth Y-doped nickel-based brazing filler metal as claimed in claim 6, wherein the number of the layers of the strip-shaped alloy brazing filler metal laid in the step (2) is 1, the rough surface of the strip-shaped alloy brazing filler metal faces downwards, the heating mode of the vacuum induction brazing furnace is induction heating, and the temperature rising rate is 20 ℃/min.
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2022
- 2022-12-19 CN CN202211630999.9A patent/CN115846935A/en active Pending
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