CN115841285B - Commodity logistics tracing method and system based on blockchain - Google Patents
Commodity logistics tracing method and system based on blockchain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a commodity logistics tracing method and system based on a blockchain, comprising the following steps of S1: acquiring commodity logistics information, splitting the commodity logistics information into originating information, transfer information and destination information, and respectively generating an originating information block, a transfer information block and a destination information block; step S2: establishing an originating information blockchain, a transit information blockchain and a destination information blockchain; step S3: the method comprises the steps of establishing a node set, wherein the node set comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes, when one blockchain needs to be added with a new information block, selecting one blockchain node from the node set as a guide node, and connecting the new information block to the tail end of the blockchain by the guide node.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of blockchain, in particular to a commodity logistics tracing method and system based on blockchain.
Background
The logistics transportation comprises a plurality of links such as transportation, storage, distribution and the like, and when the transportation process of the commodity is required to be traced when the problems of production data counterfeiting, information leakage, quality safety and the like occur, the logistics information of the commodity plays a vital role. In order to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the logistics information, the logistics information needs to be stored after being generated and is difficult to tamper with.
The block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, multiparty consensus, non-falsifiability of information, transparent disclosure and the like, and is very suitable for information tracing and privacy protection in the field of logistics transportation. The blockchain is essentially a trusted distributed database, and is a novel application mode of traditional computer technologies such as distributed storage, a consensus mechanism, point-to-point communication, an encryption algorithm and the like. However, in the blockchain system using the workload proof mechanism as the consensus algorithm, the blockchain is inevitably branched in the process of adding the blocks, and the branching finally converges under the mechanism of the consensus algorithm, but the difficulty of information retrieval is increased due to the generation of the branching, so that the efficiency of information acquisition is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a commodity circulation tracing method and system based on blockchain, so as to solve the problem that in the prior art, blockchain branches when a new information block is added.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the commodity circulation traceability method and system based on the blockchain of the application is as follows: comprising
Step S1: acquiring commodity logistics information, splitting the commodity logistics information into originating information, transfer information and destination information, and respectively generating an originating information block, a transfer information block and a destination information block;
step S2: establishing an originating information block chain, a transferring information block chain and a destination information block chain, wherein the originating information block chain, the transferring information block chain and the destination information block chain are formed by sequentially connecting the originating information block, the transferring information block and the destination information block of different commodities based on generated time stamps;
step S3: and establishing a node set, wherein the node set comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes, when one blockchain needs to be added with a new information block, one blockchain node is selected from the node set to serve as a guide node, and the guide node connects the new information block to the tail end of the blockchain.
In the step S3, selecting the blockchain node as the guiding node, and connecting the information block to the tail end of the blockchain includes the following steps:
step S31: calculating a first hash value A of the last information block of a blockchain of information blocks to be added based on a first formula t-1 The first formula is: a is that t-1 ＝I||h(D t-1 ) I is a unique identification number of the commodity, h () is a hash function, and D t-1 The method comprises the steps that logistics information stored in the last information block of a block chain is used for connecting two character strings, B is a first hash value of the last information block of another block chain, and I is a connector;
step S32; establishing the node set, wherein each blockchain node in the node set stores a hash value A with the first hash value A t-1 Hash values of the same length and each blockchain node stores a unique hash value, the first hash value A t-1 Each value within the length range has a corresponding blockchain node;
step S33: selecting a stored hash value and the first hash value A from the node set t-1 And the same blockchain node is used as the guide node, the guide node verifies the information block to be added, and under the condition that the verification passes, the guide node adds the information block into the blockchain, and under the condition that the verification does not pass, the guide node refuses the adding request of the information block.
Further, the method for splitting commodity circulation information into originating information, transferring information and destination information comprises the following steps:
step S11: acquiring a mail address and a receipt address of a commodity, and setting a first piece of logistics information as the originating information when the logistics information starts to be generated;
step S12: after the logistics information is updated, judging whether an arrival address in the updated logistics information is the receiving address, if yes, setting the piece of logistics information as the terminal information, and if not, setting the piece of logistics information as the transfer information.
Further, in the step S33, the verifying the information block to be added by the guidance node includes the following steps:
step S331: calculating a second hash value V for each information block in the blockchain to which the information block needs to be added based on a second formula n The second formula is: v (V) n ＝I||h(D n )||A n Wherein n=1, 2, … t-1, and selecting a stored hash value from the set of nodes to be associated with the second hash valueThe same block chain node is used as a verification node;
step S332: the guide node respectively calculates logistics information stored in the information block to be added based on the hash function and each second hash value to obtain a third hash value, the guide node broadcasts the hash function, the logistics information and the third hash value, the verification node carries out hash calculation on the logistics information based on the broadcast hash function and the hash value stored by the guide node, and if the obtained hash value is identical to the third hash value, a verification signature is generated and returned to the guide node;
step S333: the bootstrap node determines whether sufficient verification signatures are obtained within the information block, and if so, the bootstrap node adds the information block into the blockchain.
Further, each information block stores the hash value of the logistics information of the last information block and the logistics information of the information block, and the logistics information hash value is calculated and generated based on the hash function and the logistics information stored in the information block.
Further, the unique identification number is obtained based on commodity information including commodity category, commodity weight, commodity name, and commodity generation number.
Further, the head blocks of the originating information blockchain, the transferring information blockchain and the ending information blockchain are empty blocks, the empty blocks do not store logistics information, and the empty blocks store a preset first hash value, a preset second hash value and a preset logistics information hash value.
On the other hand, the application also provides a commodity circulation traceability system based on the blockchain, which is used for realizing the commodity circulation traceability method based on the blockchain, and comprises,
the information grabbing module is used for grabbing and distinguishing logistics information of the commodities;
a blockchain management module for establishing the originating information blockchain, the relay information blockchain, and the destination information blockchain;
a block link point management module based on the firstHash value a t-1 Generates a corresponding number of blockchain nodes and establishes the set of nodes.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the application, a first formula is established to obtain a first hash value, so that after a new information block is added into a block chain, a guide node of a next information block is designated, and then nodes in a node set do not need to compete any more, so that the situation of bifurcation of the block chain is avoided; as shown in FIG. 3, by introducing the first hash value of the other blockchain node in the first formula, other blockchains are associated when generating the boot node, so that the reliability of the boot node is increased, particularly when the length of the blockchain is shorter, the generation complexity of the boot node is increased due to the fact that the calculation of the boot node is related to the other blockchains, and the risk of tampering of the boot node is reduced.
2. According to the application, the logistics information of the goods is recorded and managed by using the blockchain technology, so that not only is the traceability of the logistics information realized, but also the difficulty of modifying the data again after the data is recorded is increased, and the reliability of the logistics information recording is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a block chain based commodity circulation traceability method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of adding new information blocks to a blockchain in the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of blockchain branching;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the generation of guide nodes in the blockchain-based commodity circulation traceability method of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms unless otherwise specified. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first xx script may be referred to as a second xx script, and similarly, a second xx script may be referred to as a first xx script, without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a commodity circulation traceability method based on a blockchain includes:
step S1: acquiring commodity logistics information, splitting the commodity logistics information into originating information, transfer information and destination information, and generating an originating information block, a transfer information block and a destination information block based on the commodity logistics information;
step S2: establishing an originating information block chain, a transferring information block chain and a terminal information block chain, wherein the originating information block chain, the transferring information block chain and the terminal information block chain are respectively formed by sequentially connecting originating information blocks, transferring information blocks and terminal information blocks of different commodities based on generated time stamps;
step S3: and establishing a node set, wherein the node set comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes, when one blockchain needs to be added with a new information block, one blockchain node is selected from the node set to serve as a guide node, and the guide node connects the new information block to the tail end of the blockchain.
In a specific embodiment, the originating information of the commodity comprises information such as a sender address, a sender name, a sending time and the like of the commodity, the transferring information comprises information such as time when the commodity arrives at each logistics node, the name of the logistics node, a transport means of the commodity and the like, and the destination information comprises information such as a receiver address, a receiver name, a receiving time and the like; the information is split from the commodity circulation information respectively, and three blockchains are generated respectively, so that commodity circulation information retrieval is facilitated; each of the three blockchains is comprised of a logistics information tile of a different commodity, e.g., the originating information blockchain is comprised of an originating information tile of a different commodity.
Each information block in the block chain stores generated time information, and then digital signature is carried out on the time information based on a digital signature technology, so that a time stamp generated by the information block is generated, and each information block in the block chain stores a time stamp generated by the information block, so that the block chain is convenient to manage.
In step S3, selecting a blockchain node as a leading node to connect an information block to the tail end of the blockchain includes the steps of:
step S31: calculating a first hash value A of the last information block of a blockchain of information blocks to be added based on a first formula t-1 The first formula is: a is that t-1 ＝I||h(D t-1 ) I is a unique identification number of the commodity, h () is a hash function, and D t-1 The physical distribution information stored in the last information block of the block chain is B is the first hash value of the last information block of the other block chain, and I is a connector used for connecting two character strings.
In the first formula, the unique identification number of the commodity can be obtained by converting commodity information through a preset algorithm; h () is a hash function, specifically, hash algorithms such as SHA-1 and SHA-2, B is a first hash value of a last information block of another blockchain, in this embodiment, when the originating blockchain needs to add a new information block, B is a first hash value of a last information block of the transit blockchain, and when the transit blockchain needs to add a new information block, B is a first hash value of a last information block of the destination blockchain.
Step S32; establishing a node set, wherein each block chain node in the node set stores a hash value A with a first hash value A t-1 Hash values of the same length, and each blockchain node stores a unique hash value, a first hash value A t-1 Each value within the length range has a corresponding blockchain node.
In a particular embodiment, the node set is established based on the data length of the first formula calculation, e.g., the first formula calculation is a fixed 30-bit character, each wordThe symbols are 1-9, then the number of blockchain nodes is 9 30 And each node, namely, regardless of the change of the calculation result, the corresponding blockchain node exists in the node set.
Step S33: and selecting a blockchain node with the same storage hash value as the first hash value from the node set as a guide node, verifying the information block to be added by the guide node, adding the information block into a blockchain by the guide node under the condition that verification is passed, and rejecting the adding request of the information block by the guide node under the condition that verification is not passed.
As shown in FIG. 3, between two adjacent blocks of information, e.g., A, within a blockchain 1 And A 2 In a block chain system using a workload proof mechanism as a consensus algorithm, when a new information block needs to be added, firstly determining a node connected with the new information block, wherein the determination of the node needs to be obtained by calculating competition from each node in the system, the node which firstly obtains a correct calculation result is a competition winning node, the competition winning node generates the new information block, and corresponding logistics information is recorded in the information block; however, under this mechanism, it often happens that multiple nodes obtain correct calculation results at the same time, and multiple nodes add information blocks at the same time, so that the blockchain will diverge, such as information block a in the figure 4 And a 4 This increases the difficulty of information retrieval and also increases the time for the blockchain to add new information blocks.
According to the application, a first formula is established to obtain a first hash value, so that after a new information block is added into a block chain, a guide node of a next information block is designated, and then nodes in a node set do not need to compete any more, so that the situation of bifurcation of the block chain is avoided; as shown in FIG. 4, by introducing the first hash value of the other blockchain node in the first formula, other blockchains are associated when generating the boot node, so that the reliability of the boot node is increased, particularly when the length of the blockchain is shorter, the generation complexity of the boot node is increased due to the fact that the calculation of the boot node is related to the other blockchains, and the risk of tampering of the boot node is reduced.
The method for splitting commodity logistics information into originating information, transferring information and destination information comprises the following steps:
step S11: acquiring a mail address and a receipt address of a commodity, and setting a first piece of logistics information as originating information when the generation of the logistics information is started;
step S12: after the logistics information is updated, judging whether an arrival address in the updated logistics information is a destination address, if yes, setting the piece of logistics information as end point information, and if not, setting the piece of logistics information as transfer information.
In step S33, the guiding node performs verification on the information block to be added, including the following steps:
step S331: calculating a second hash value V for each information block in the blockchain to which the information block needs to be added based on a second formula n The second formula is: v (V) n ＝I||h(D n )||A n Wherein n=1, 2, … t-1, selecting a blockchain node with the same storage hash value as the second hash value from the node set as a verification node;
for the second formula, if ten information blocks are already in the blockchain before a new information block is added, ten second hash values are obtained through the second formula, and because the data length of the second hash values is the same as that of the first hash values, ten corresponding blockchain nodes can be selected as verification nodes based on the second hash values.
Step S322: the guide node calculates the logistics information stored in the information block to be added based on the hash function and each second hash value to obtain a third hash value, the guide node broadcasts the hash function, the logistics information and the third hash value, the verification node carries out hash calculation on the logistics information based on the hash value stored by the guide node, and if the obtained hash value is identical to the third hash value, a verification signature is generated and returned to the guide node.
Specifically, since the hash value stored by the verification node is the second hash value, the logistics information broadcasted by the guide node can be directly calculated based on the hash function, if the calculated result is the same as the third hash value broadcasted by the guide node, the calculation result of the guide node is proved to be correct, and the calculation result of the guide node can be verified by setting the verification node, so that the guide node is prevented from generating fraudulent conduct in the calculation process.
Step S323: the bootstrap node determines whether sufficient verification signatures are obtained within the information block, and if so, the bootstrap node adds the information block into the blockchain.
Each information block stores the hash value of the logistics information of the last information block and the logistics information of the information block, and the logistics information hash value is calculated and generated based on the hash function and the logistics information stored in the information block. By the method, not only can the integrity of the stored information of the information block be verified, but also the integrity of the last information block can be verified, so that the stored information in the information block is ensured not to be tampered.
The unique identification number is obtained based on commodity information including commodity category, commodity weight, commodity name, and commodity generation number. By storing the unique commodity identification number in the information block, the storage position of commodity logistics information in the block chain can be rapidly positioned through the unique identification number when logistics information is traced.
The head blocks of the originating information block chain, the transferring information block chain and the ending information block chain are empty blocks, the empty blocks do not store logistics information, and the empty blocks store preset first hash values, preset second hash values and preset logistics information hash values. Because the first formula and the second formula are calculated based on the front block of the blockchain, when the blockchain is initially established, the head block of the blockchain can be arranged in the mode, and the commodity logistics information of commodities is stored in the information block behind the head block, so that the blockchain can be smoothly established.
The utility model provides a commodity circulation traceback system based on blockchain, this system is used for realizing above-mentioned commodity circulation traceback method based on blockchain, and this system includes:
the information grabbing module is used for grabbing and distinguishing logistics information of the commodities;
the block chain management module is used for establishing an initial information block chain, a transit information block chain and a terminal information block chain;
block link point management module based on first hash value a t-1 Generates a corresponding number of blockchain nodes and establishes the set of nodes.
The information list includes merchandise information, a first shipper, a first time, and a first conveyance code that ship the merchandise to the current logistics node, and a second shipper, a second time, and a second conveyance code that ship the merchandise out to the current logistics node.
In summary, the application records and manages the logistics information of the goods by using the blockchain technology, thereby not only realizing the traceability of the logistics information, but also increasing the difficulty of modifying the data again after the data is recorded, and greatly improving the reliability of the logistics information recording.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above-described methods may be accomplished by way of computer programs, which may be stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, and which, when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and for brevity, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are not described, however, they should be considered as the scope of the description of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The foregoing examples have been presented to illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (7)
1. The commodity logistics traceability method based on the blockchain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: acquiring commodity logistics information, splitting the commodity logistics information into originating information, transfer information and destination information, and respectively generating an originating information block, a transfer information block and a destination information block;
step S2: establishing an originating information block chain, a transferring information block chain and a destination information block chain, wherein the originating information block chain, the transferring information block chain and the destination information block chain are formed by sequentially connecting the originating information block, the transferring information block and the destination information block of different commodities based on generated time stamps;
step S3: establishing a node set, wherein the node set comprises a plurality of blockchain nodes, when one blockchain needs to be added with a new information block, one blockchain node is selected from the node set to serve as a guide node, and the guide node connects the new information block to the tail end of the blockchain;
in the step S3, selecting the blockchain node as the guiding node, and connecting the information block to the tail end of the blockchain includes the following steps:
step S31: calculating a first hash value A of the last information block of a blockchain of information blocks to be added based on a first formula t-1 The first formula is: a is that t-1 ＝I||h(D t-1 ) I is a unique identification number of the commodity, h () is a hash function, and D t-1 The method comprises the steps that logistics information stored in the last information block of a block chain is used for connecting two character strings, B is a first hash value of the last information block of another block chain, and I is a connector;
step S32; establishing the node set, wherein each blockchain node in the node set stores a hash value A with the first hash value A t-1 Hash values of the same length and each blockchain node stores a unique hash value, the first hash value A t-1 Each value within the length range has a corresponding blockchain node;
step S33: selecting a stored hash value and the first hash value A from the node set t-1 And the same blockchain node is used as the guide node, the guide node verifies the information block to be added, and under the condition that the verification passes, the guide node adds the information block into the blockchain, and under the condition that the verification does not pass, the guide node refuses the adding request of the information block.
2. The blockchain-based commodity circulation traceback method of claim 1, wherein splitting commodity circulation information into origination information, transit information, and destination information comprises the steps of:
step S11: acquiring a mail address and a receipt address of a commodity, and setting a first piece of logistics information as the originating information when the logistics information starts to be generated;
step S12: after the logistics information is updated, judging whether an arrival address in the updated logistics information is the destination address, if yes, setting the logistics information as the destination information, and if not, setting the logistics information as the transfer information.
3. The blockchain-based commodity circulation traceability method according to claim 1, wherein in step S33, the guiding node verifies the information block to be added comprising the steps of:
step S331: calculating a second hash value V for each information block in the blockchain to which the information block needs to be added based on a second formula n The second formula is: v (V) n ＝I||h(D n )||A n Wherein n=1, 2, … t-1, and selecting a blockchain node with the same storage hash value as the second hash value from the node set as a verification node;
step S332: the guide node respectively calculates logistics information stored in the information block to be added based on the hash function and each second hash value to obtain a third hash value, the guide node broadcasts the hash function, the logistics information and the third hash value, the verification node carries out hash calculation on the logistics information based on the broadcast hash function and the hash value stored by the guide node, and if the obtained hash value is identical to the third hash value, a verification signature is generated and returned to the guide node;
step S333: the bootstrap node determines whether sufficient verification signatures are obtained within the information block, and if so, the bootstrap node adds the information block into the blockchain.
4. The blockchain-based commodity circulation traceback method according to claim 3, wherein the last information block logistics information and the own logistics information hash value are stored in each information block, and the logistics information hash value is calculated and generated based on a hash function and logistics information stored in the information block.
5. The blockchain-based commodity circulation traceback method according to claim 1, wherein the unique identification number is obtained based on commodity information including commodity category, commodity weight, commodity name and commodity generation number.
6. The blockchain-based commodity circulation traceback method of claim 4, wherein a header block of the originating information blockchain, the transferring information blockchain, and the ending information blockchain is a void block, no logistics information is stored in the void block, and the first hash value, the second hash value, and the logistics information hash value are stored in the void block.
7. A blockchain-based commodity circulation traceability system for implementing the blockchain-based commodity circulation traceability method according to any of claims 1-6, comprising:
the information grabbing module is used for grabbing and distinguishing logistics information of the commodities;
a blockchain management module for establishing the originating information blockchain, the relay information blockchain, and the destination information blockchain;
block link point management module based on the first hash value a t-1 Generates a corresponding number of blockchain nodes and establishes the set of nodes.
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