CN115841159B - Quantum computer system delay calibration method, calibration device and quantum computer - Google Patents
Quantum computer system delay calibration method, calibration device and quantum computer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a calibration method, a calibration device and a quantum computer for quantum computing system delay, which are characterized in that when two quantum bits resonate and the quantum state exchange change is fastest, first amplitude, second amplitude and first width of frequency regulation signals are respectively applied to the two quantum bits, then first frequency regulation signals with the first amplitude and the first width are applied to one quantum bit, the preset delay is sequentially updated in a first preset range, second frequency regulation signals with the second amplitude and the first width after the preset delay are applied to the other quantum bit, a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively an excited state and a ground state and change along with the preset delay is obtained, if the first curve has a trough, the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits are subjected to delay calibration based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve, so that the transmission delay of the different frequency regulation signal transmission lines is eliminated, and the regulation precision of two quantum gates is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum chip measurement and control, and particularly relates to a method and a device for calibrating delay of a quantum computer system and the quantum computer.
Background
Quantum computing is a novel computing mode combining quantum mechanics and a computer and performing computing by regulating and controlling quantum information units according to quantum mechanics rules. The quantum bit basic unit formed by microscopic particles has the characteristics of quantum superposition, entanglement and the like. Moreover, through the controlled evolution of the quantum state, the quantum computation can realize information coding and computation storage, and has huge information carrying capacity and super-strong parallel computation processing capacity which are incomparable with classical computation.
The quantum computer core is a quantum chip, a plurality of quantum bits are arranged on the quantum chip, each quantum bit is composed of a specific hardware circuit arranged on the quantum chip, each quantum bit has at least two distinguishable logic states, and the logic states of the quantum bits can be controllably changed based on a quantum algorithm, so that quantum computing is realized.
The quantum computer also comprises a measurement and control system for providing measurement and control environment for the quantum chip. The measurement and control system mainly comprises hardware equipment positioned on a room temperature layer, a low-temperature device positioned in a dilution refrigerator and a signal transmission line. After the quantum chip is packaged, the quantum chip is fixed on the extremely low temperature layer at the lowest layer of the dilution refrigerator, and finally connected to hardware equipment at room temperature through coaxial lines among the layers. In the measurement and control system, when the quantum state of the quantum bit is regulated and controlled, two types of lines are mainly used, one type is a first type of transmission line used for driving the quantum state of the quantum bit, and the other type is a second type of transmission line used for regulating and controlling the frequency of the quantum bit.
The coupling among a plurality of quantum bits on the quantum chip is the coupling between the adjacent states realized through the coupling structure, when two-quantum-bit experiments are carried out, the frequency of the corresponding quantum bit is regulated to be in resonance with another quantum bit by applying a control signal on the second-type transmission line, so that two-quantum-bit gates are realized. However, since the second type transmission lines are provided with a plurality of microwave devices, and the lengths of the different second type transmission lines cannot be guaranteed to be completely equal, transmission delays of control signals on the different second type transmission lines are different, so that the different control signals cannot reach corresponding quantum bits according to a designed time sequence, and the regulation and control precision of two quantum bit gates can be seriously affected. Therefore, how to calibrate the line delay on the second type transmission line of different qubits to ensure that different control signals reach their corresponding qubits according to the designed time sequence, and improving the control precision of two qubit gates is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration method, a calibration device and a quantum computer for delay of a quantum computer system, which are used for solving the problem that in the prior art, different control signals cannot reach corresponding quantum bits according to a designed time sequence due to different transmission delay on a second type transmission line of different quantum bits when two-quantum bit experiments are carried out, so that the regulation precision of two-quantum bit gates is low.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for calibrating a delay of a quantum computer system, the quantum computer system including a quantum chip, on which a plurality of qubits are disposed, each of the qubits being connected to a quantum state control signal transmission line and a frequency control signal transmission line, the method comprising:
respectively presetting quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits as an excited state and a ground state, and obtaining a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency regulation signal respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits based on resonance tests of the two quantum bits; the resonance test is an experiment for measuring the amplitude variation of the coupling strength of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
obtaining a first width of the frequency regulation signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied on the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two qubits and a quantum state oscillation test of the two qubits; the quantum state oscillation test is an experiment for measuring the width change of the quantum states of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
Applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one of the two qubits, sequentially updating preset delay within a first preset range, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other one of the two qubits, and obtaining a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two qubits are respectively an excited state and a ground state and change along with the preset delay;
judging whether the first curve has a trough, if so, carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve.
Optionally, the quantum states of the two qubits that are mutually coupled are preset as an excited state and a ground state respectively, and a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency regulation signal applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two qubits are obtained based on a resonance test of the two qubits respectively, which specifically includes:
Applying a first quantum state regulation signal to a first quantum bit through the quantum state regulation signal transmission line, and applying a second quantum state regulation signal to a second quantum bit coupled to the first quantum bit through the quantum state regulation signal transmission line; the first quantum state regulating signal is used for regulating and controlling the quantum state of the first quantum bit to an excited state, and the second quantum state regulating signal is used for regulating and controlling the quantum state of the second quantum bit to a ground state;
applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude to the second qubit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, wherein the second amplitude is a preset fixed value;
sequentially updating the amplitude of a first frequency regulation signal in a second preset range, and applying the first frequency regulation signal with updated amplitude to the first quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line to obtain a second curve of the probability of the quantum state of the first quantum bit being an excited state along with the amplitude change of the first frequency regulation signal;
and acquiring the amplitude corresponding to the trough of the second curve as the first amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal.
Optionally, the obtaining the first width of the frequency regulation signal based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied on the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two qubits and the quantum state oscillation test of the two qubits specifically includes:
applying the first frequency-modulated signal having the first amplitude to the first qubit through the frequency-modulated signal transmission line; and applying the second frequency-modulated signal having the second amplitude to the second qubit through the frequency-modulated signal transmission line;
sequentially updating the widths of the first rate regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal in a third preset range, applying the first frequency regulation signal with updated widths to the first quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and applying the second frequency signal with updated widths to the second quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line to obtain a third curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is an excited state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is a ground state changes along with the width, and a fourth curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is a ground state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is an excited state changes along with the width; the widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal are always equal and synchronously changed;
And acquiring the width corresponding to one intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve as the first width of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal.
Optionally, the acquiring the first widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal corresponding to the intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve specifically includes:
acquiring the width corresponding to each intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve;
and selecting the minimum width among the plurality of widths as the first width.
Optionally, the delay calibration of the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two qubits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve specifically includes:
acquiring a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve as a target delay;
and compensating the target delay at the second frequency regulation signal, and carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits.
Optionally, the determining whether the change curve has a trough further includes:
if not, the first frequency regulation signal delays for a first time, and the first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width is returned to be applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits.
Optionally, after the first frequency regulation signal delays for a first time, when the first curve has a trough, the delay calibration is performed on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two qubits based on a preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve, and specifically includes:
acquiring a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve as a target delay;
determining a relative delay of the frequency-regulated signal transmission line of the two qubits based on the first time and the target delay;
and compensating the relative delay in the first frequency regulation signal, and carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits.
Optionally, the relative delay is an absolute value of a difference between the first time and the target delay.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for calibrating the latency of a quantum computer system, comprising:
the resonance experiment module is used for respectively presetting quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits as an excited state and a ground state, and obtaining a first amplitude and a second amplitude of frequency regulation signals respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits based on a resonance experiment of the two quantum bits; the resonance test is an experiment for measuring the amplitude variation of the coupling strength of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
The quantum state oscillation test module is used for obtaining a first width of the frequency regulation signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two quantum bits and a quantum state oscillation test of the two quantum bits; the quantum state oscillation test is an experiment for measuring the width change of the quantum states of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
the delay experiment module is used for applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits, sequentially updating preset delay within a preset range, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other quantum bit of the two quantum bits, and obtaining a first curve of the probability that the two quantum bits are in an excited state and a ground state respectively along with the change of the preset delay;
and the calibration module is used for carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve when the first curve has the trough.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a quantum computer, the quantum computer including a quantum chip, and a device for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system according to the second aspect, wherein a plurality of mutually coupled qubits are disposed on the quantum chip, each of the qubits is connected to a quantum state control signal transmission line and a frequency control signal transmission line, and the device for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system is connected to the quantum state control signal transmission line and the frequency control signal transmission line, and is used for implementing the method for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system according to the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system and the quantum computer have the following beneficial effects:
the quantum computer system comprises a quantum chip, wherein a plurality of quantum bits are arranged on the quantum chip, each quantum bit is connected with a quantum state regulation signal transmission line and a frequency regulation signal transmission line, when the calibration method is implemented, firstly, quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits are respectively preset as an excited state and a ground state, first amplitude and second amplitude of frequency regulation signals respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits are obtained based on resonance tests of the two quantum bits, then, first width of the frequency regulation signals is obtained based on first amplitude and second amplitude of the frequency regulation signals applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits and quantum state oscillation tests of the two quantum bits, then applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits, sequentially updating preset delay within a first preset range, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other quantum bit of the two quantum bits, obtaining a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively an excited state and a ground state and change along with the preset delay, then judging whether the first curve has a trough, if so, finally carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve, therefore, transmission delay caused by the arrangement of various microwave devices and the length difference on the transmission lines of the different-frequency regulation signals is eliminated, so that the different-frequency regulation signals reach the corresponding quantum bits according to the designed time sequence, and the regulation precision of the two-quantum-bit gate is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hardware architecture of a computer terminal for a method for calibrating a quantum computer system delay according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature measurement and control circuit of a dilution refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating delay of a quantum computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first graph showing the probability of the quantum states of the two qubits being respectively the excited state and the ground state according to the preset delay according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for presetting the quantum states of two mutually coupled qubits as an excited state and a ground state respectively and obtaining a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency-modulated signal applied to the frequency-modulated signal transmission lines of the two qubits based on resonance tests of the two qubits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second graph showing the probability of the quantum state of the first qubit being an excited state according to the amplitude of the first frequency modulation signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a first width of a frequency modulated signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency modulated signal applied on the frequency modulated signal transmission line of the two qubits and a quantum state oscillation test of the two qubits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a third graph of the probability of the first qubit being an excited state and the probability of the second qubit being a ground state as a function of the width, and a fourth graph of the probability of the first qubit being a ground state and the probability of the second qubit being an excited state as a function of the width, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a first width of the first frequency adjustment signal and the second frequency adjustment signal corresponding to an intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for performing delay calibration on a frequency-controlled signal transmission line connected by two qubits based on a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating a quantum computer system delay according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a method for performing delay calibration on a frequency-controlled signal transmission line connected by two qubits based on a preset delay corresponding to a trough of a first curve when the first curve has the trough after a first time delay of the first frequency-controlled signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a delay calibration device of a quantum computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100-computer terminals; a 101-processor; 102-a power supply; 103-a transmission device; 104-an input-output device; 105-memory, 200-calibration means; 201-a resonance test module; 202-a quantum state oscillation test module; 203-a time delay experiment module, 204-a calibration module; 1-dilution refrigerator; 2-quantum chip; 21-qubits; 3-microwave devices; 4-hardware device.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method and a device for calibrating time delay of a quantum computer system and the quantum computer, which are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
The method provided in the present embodiment may be executed in a computer terminal or similar computing device. Taking the example of running on a computer terminal, referring to fig. 1, the computer terminal 100 includes a power supply 102, and may include one or more (only one is shown in fig. 1) processors 101 (the processors 101 may include, but are not limited to, a processing device such as a micro processing MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA), and a memory 105 for storing data, and optionally, the computer terminal 100 may further include a transmission device 103 for communication functions and an input/output device 104. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the configuration shown in fig. 1 is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the configuration of the computer terminal described above. For example, the computer terminal may also include more or fewer components than shown in FIG. 1, or have a different configuration than shown in FIG. 1.
The memory 105 may be used to store software programs and modules of application software, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to a method for determining multiple quantum bit measurement results provided herein, and the processor 101 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 105 to perform various functional applications and data processing, i.e., implement the above-described methods. Memory 105 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile solid-state memory. In some embodiments, the memory 105 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor, which may be connected to the computer terminal via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The transmission means 103 are for receiving or transmitting data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include an unlimited network provided by a communication provider of the computer terminal. In one embodiment, the transmission means 103 comprises a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, NIC) which can be connected to other network devices via a base station so as to communicate with the internet. In one embodiment, the transmission device 103 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the internet in a wireless manner.
The method provided in this embodiment may be applied to the above-described computer terminal, or referred to as a quantum computer system.
Referring to fig. 2, in the quantum computer system, a plurality of qubits 21 (two qubits 21 are illustrated as examples) are integrated on a quantum chip 2, and each qubit 21 is coupled to an XY signal transmission line for receiving a quantum state regulation signal and a Z signal transmission line for receiving a quantum bit frequency regulation signal. The XY signal transmission line and the Z signal transmission line are led out to the room temperature through low-temperature lines of the dilution refrigerator 1 respectively, and then the lines connected with the corresponding hardware equipment 4 are built at the room temperature end. When two-bit experiments are carried out, generally, the frequency of the corresponding quantum bit is adjusted to resonate with another quantum bit by applying a quantum bit frequency regulation signal on the Z signal transmission line, so that two-quantum bit gates are realized, but as a plurality of microwave devices are arranged on the Z signal transmission line, the lengths of different Z signal transmission lines cannot be guaranteed to be completely equal, the transmission delay on the different Z signal transmission lines is different, and therefore, different control signals cannot reach the corresponding quantum bit according to a designed time sequence, and the regulation precision of the two-quantum bit gates can be seriously affected.
The invention provides a calibration method, a calibration device and a quantum computer for delay of a quantum computer system, which are characterized in that first, first amplitude and second amplitude of frequency regulation signals respectively applied to two frequency regulation signal transmission lines of two quantum bits are obtained through resonance experiments on the two mutually coupled quantum bits, then on the basis, first width of the frequency regulation signals applied to the two quantum bits is obtained through quantum state oscillation experiments on the two quantum bits, finally on the basis, after the two quantum bits are regulated to a state that the coupling strength is maximum and the probability of the quantum state is the ground state or the excited state is most sensitive to time variation, the two quantum bits are subjected to calibration experiments, so that transmission delay on different frequency regulation signal transmission lines is eliminated, the frequency regulation signals on the different frequency regulation signal transmission lines can reach a quantum chip according to a designed time sequence, and the regulation precision of two quantum bit gates is improved.
To this end, the invention provides a method for calibrating delay of a quantum computing system, the quantum computing system includes a quantum chip, a plurality of quantum bits are provided on the quantum chip, each of the quantum bits is connected with a quantum state regulation signal transmission line and a frequency regulation signal transmission line, referring to fig. 3, the method includes the following steps:
Step S1, respectively presetting quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits as an excited state and a ground state, and obtaining a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency regulation signal respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits based on a resonance test of the two quantum bits; the resonance test is an experiment for measuring the variation of the coupling strength of the two qubits along with the amplitude of the frequency regulation signal.
Specifically, a pi pulse quantum state regulation signal is applied to a corresponding quantum bit through the quantum state regulation signal transmission line, so as to regulate the quantum state of the quantum bit to an excited state; and applying a 0 pulse quantum state regulating signal to another corresponding quantum bit which is mutually coupled with the quantum bit through another quantum state regulating signal transmission line, and regulating the quantum state of the quantum bit to a ground state. Based on this, resonance experiments are performed on the two qubits to obtain a first amplitude of a frequency-regulated signal applied to the frequency-regulated signal transmission line of one qubit and a second amplitude of a frequency-regulated signal applied to the frequency-regulated signal transmission line of the other qubit, respectively, when the two qubits resonate and coupling strength is maximized (frequencies of the two qubits are equal).
The signal sources of the quantum state regulation signal and the frequency regulation signal are provided by hardware equipment of a room temperature layer positioned outside the dilution refrigerator, and the hardware equipment comprises, but is not limited to, a vector network analyzer, a radio frequency signal generator and the like.
It should be noted that, the frequency adjustment of two mutually coupled qubits may affect each other, and further may affect the quantum states of the qubits, when the frequencies of the two qubits are adjusted to be equal, the coupling strength of the two qubits is the maximum, the quantum states of the two qubits may be exchanged, that is, one qubit may be attenuated from the excited state to the ground state, the other qubit may be attenuated from the ground state to the excited state, and the coupling strength of the two qubits may affect the quantum states of the two qubits.
Step S2, obtaining a first width of the frequency regulation signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied on the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two quantum bits and a quantum state oscillation test of the two quantum bits; the quantum state oscillation test is an experiment for measuring the change of the quantum states of the two quantum bits along with the width of the frequency regulation signal.
Specifically, the frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude is applied to one corresponding qubit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and the frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude is applied to the other corresponding qubit which is mutually coupled with the qubit through the other frequency regulation signal, which is known from step S1, at this time, the two mutually coupled qubits generate resonance and the coupling strength is the largest (the frequencies of the two qubits are equal). Based on the above, a quantum state oscillation experiment is performed on the two quantum bits to obtain a first width of the frequency regulation signal applied to the two quantum bits when a probability change that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are eigenstates in an exchange process is most sensitive to a width change of the frequency regulation signal.
The width of the frequency control signal applied to the two qubits is equal and varies synchronously throughout, that is, the duration of the frequency control signal applied to the two qubits is equal and varies synchronously.
And S3, applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits, sequentially updating preset delay within a first preset range, and applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other quantum bit of the two quantum bits, so as to obtain a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively an excited state and a ground state and change along with the preset delay.
Specifically, the frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width is applied to one corresponding qubit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and the preset delay is updated in a first preset range, the frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after the preset delay is applied to the other corresponding qubit which is mutually coupled with the qubit through the other frequency regulation signal transmission line, and as known from the step S1 and the step S2, at this time, resonance and coupling strength of the two mutually coupled qubits are the largest, and probability change of the intrinsic state of the two qubits is the most sensitive along with the duration change of the frequency regulation signal, so that when a delay calibration experiment is performed again, an experimental result is sensitive to the change of the preset delay, and experimental accuracy can be ensured.
More specifically, the preset delay is sequentially updated in a step increment mode of 1ns within the first preset range, each step increment is performed once, a frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after the update of the preset delay is applied to another quantum bit which corresponds to the frequency regulation signal and is mutually coupled with the quantum bit, the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively in an excited state and a ground state changes along with the preset delay is measured once, and then all data information is plotted into a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively in the excited state and the ground state changes along with the preset delay by taking the preset delay as a horizontal axis and taking the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively in the excited state and the ground state as a vertical axis, as shown in fig. 4.
The first preset range is set according to the length of the frequency regulation signal transmission line corresponding to the two quantum bits respectively, so that the preset delay is ensured to be at the value of the first preset range, all effective data information can be obtained, and the first change curve is complete.
And S4, judging whether the first curve has a trough, and if so, executing the step S5.
Specifically, it can be intuitively seen from fig. 4 that whether the first curve has a trough, and the actual situation presented at the trough is that after the delay calibration is performed on the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two qubits based on the preset delay corresponding to the point, when the two frequency regulation signals are respectively transmitted to the two qubits through the frequency regulation signal transmission lines corresponding to the two frequency regulation signals, the widths of the waveforms of the two frequency regulation signals are aligned (that is, the start point and the end point of the waveforms of the two frequency regulation signals are aligned). As can be seen from the foregoing description, when the waveforms of the frequency-modulated signals of the two qubits are aligned (i.e., the widths of the frequency-modulated signals of the two qubits are equal, i.e., the durations are equal), the mutual influence between the two mutually coupled qubits is the greatest, and the probability change of the states of the two qubits being eigenstates is most sensitive along with the duration change of the frequency-modulated signals, and the probability that the states of the two qubits are respectively the excited states and the ground states is the lowest and equal, specifically about 50%.
And S5, carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve.
It is to be understood that, because the frequency regulation signal transmission line of one qubit has no preset delay, the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve is the total delay of the frequency regulation signal transmission line of another qubit, the transmission delay of different frequency regulation signal transmission lines can be calculated based on the total delay, and finally, the frequency regulation signal transmission line is delay calibrated based on the transmission delay, so that the transmission delay caused by the arrangement of various microwave devices and the different lengths on different frequency regulation signal transmission lines is eliminated, and the different frequency regulation signals reach the corresponding qubits according to the designed time sequence, thereby improving the regulation precision of two qubit gates.
For example, referring to fig. 5, the quantum states of the two qubits to be coupled to each other are respectively preset to an excited state and a ground state, and a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency regulation signal applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two qubits are respectively obtained based on a resonance test of the two qubits, which specifically includes:
Step S11, a first quantum state regulating signal is applied to a first quantum bit through the quantum state regulating signal transmission line, and a second quantum state regulating signal is applied to a second quantum bit which is mutually coupled with the first quantum bit through the quantum state regulating signal transmission line; the first quantum state regulating signal is used for regulating the quantum state of the first quantum bit to an excited state, and the second quantum state regulating signal is used for regulating the quantum state of the second quantum bit to a ground state.
Specifically, the first quantum state regulating signal is a pi pulse quantum state regulating signal, and the second quantum state is a 0 pulse quantum state regulating signal.
And step S12, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude to the second qubit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, wherein the second amplitude is a preset fixed value.
Step S13, the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal is updated in sequence within a second preset range, the first frequency regulation signal with updated amplitude is applied to the first quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and a second curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is an excited state and changes along with the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal is obtained.
Specifically, the second amplitude of the second frequency regulation signal may be preset to be a fixed value, the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal is sequentially updated in a step increment manner of 0.01V in the second preset range, each step increment is performed once, the first frequency regulation signal after the update of the amplitude is applied to the first quantum bit, the data information that the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is the excited state changes with the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal is measured, and then the second curve that the probability that the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal is the horizontal axis and the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is the excited state changes with the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal is plotted with the vertical axis, as shown in fig. 6.
Step S14, obtaining the amplitude corresponding to the trough of the second curve as the first amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal.
Specifically, it can be intuitively seen from fig. 6 that whether the second curve has a trough, and the actual situation presented at the trough is that when the amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal applied to the first qubit is the amplitude value corresponding to the point, resonance occurs between the first qubit and the second qubit, the coupling strength is maximum (that is, the frequencies of the first qubit and the second qubit are equal), the quantum state of the first qubit is influenced by the quantum state of the second qubit the most, and the probability that the quantum state of the first qubit is the excited state is the lowest.
For example, referring to fig. 7, the obtaining the first width of the frequency regulation signal based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied on the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two qubits and the quantum state oscillation test of the two qubits specifically includes:
step S21 of applying the first frequency modulation signal having the first amplitude to the first qubit through the frequency modulation signal transmission line; and applying the second frequency modulated signal having the second amplitude to the second qubit through the frequency modulated signal transmission line.
Step S22, sequentially updating the widths of the first rate regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal in a third preset range, applying the first frequency regulation signal with updated widths to the first quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and applying the second frequency signal with updated widths to the second quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line to obtain a third curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is an excited state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is a ground state changes along with the width, and a fourth curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is a ground state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is an excited state changes along with the width; the widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal are always equal and synchronously changed.
Specifically, the widths of the first rate control signal and the second frequency control signal are sequentially updated in a step-by-step increasing manner of 1ns within a third preset range, the first frequency control signal after the update width is applied to the first quantum bit through the frequency control signal transmission line, the second frequency signal is applied to the second quantum bit through the frequency control signal transmission line, the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is an excited state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is a ground state is measured once, the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is a ground state is changed along with the width, and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is an excited state is changed along with the width are sequentially updated once, and then in the same coordinate system, the widths of the first rate control signal and the second frequency control signal are plotted as the horizontal axis, the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is the excited state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is the excited state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is the fourth state is the quantum bit is the excited state and the quantum bit is the fourth state and the quantum bit is the quantum state along with the width.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure accuracy of the quantum state oscillation test, the widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal are not equal to 0.
Step S23, obtaining a width corresponding to an intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve as a first width of the first frequency regulation signal and a first width of the second frequency regulation signal.
Specifically, it can be seen from fig. 8 that, when the width of the first rate-adjusting signal and the width of the second frequency-adjusting signal are the width values corresponding to the intersection, the probability that the quantum state of the first qubit is the excited state is equal to the probability that the quantum state of the second qubit is the ground state and is 50%, and, based on the slopes of the third curve and the fourth curve, the probability that the quantum states of the first qubit and the second qubit are the intrinsic states in the exchange process is most sensitive along with the width change of the frequency-adjusting signal, and the width corresponding to the point is selected as the width of the first rate-adjusting signal and the second frequency-adjusting signal, so that the sensitivity of the experimental result to the preset delay change in the delay calibration experiment can be ensured, and the experimental accuracy is improved.
For example, referring to fig. 9, the obtaining the first widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal corresponding to the intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve specifically includes:
step S231, acquiring widths corresponding to each intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve.
Step S232, selecting the minimum width among the plurality of widths as the first width.
The third curve and the fourth curve have a plurality of intersections with an increase in the widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal (i.e., an increase in the durations of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal), and a minimum width among a plurality of widths is preferable as the first width in order to secure simplicity of experimental results.
For example, referring to fig. 10, the performing delay calibration on the frequency-controlled signal transmission line connected by two qubits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve specifically includes:
step S511, obtaining a preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve as a target delay.
Specifically, it can be intuitively seen from fig. 4 that the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve is set as the target delay.
And step S512, compensating the target delay in the second frequency regulation signal, and performing delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits.
It can be understood that if the first curve with the trough can be obtained only by delaying the second frequency regulation signal, the transmission speed of the frequency regulation signal transmission line representing the second qubit is greater than or equal to the transmission speed of the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the first qubit, and then when delay calibration is performed, only the second frequency regulation signal is required to compensate the target delay.
For example, referring to fig. 11, the determining whether the change curve has a trough further includes:
if not, the first frequency regulation signal delays for a first time, and the step S3 is executed again.
Specifically, if the first curve with the trough is not obtained only by delaying the second frequency regulation signal, it is indicated that the transmission speed of the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the second quantum bit is smaller than that of the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the first quantum bit, and at this time, the first frequency regulation signal needs to be delayed for a first time with a certain length, so that the feasibility of the subsequent scheme is ensured.
For example, referring to fig. 12, after the first frequency regulation signal delays for a first time, when the first curve has a trough, the delay calibration is performed on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by two qubits based on a preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve, and specifically includes:
step S521, obtaining a preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve as a target delay.
Specifically, it can be intuitively seen from fig. 4 that the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve is set as the target delay.
Step S522, determining a relative delay of the frequency-regulated signal transmission lines of the two qubits based on the first time and the target delay.
Specifically, the relative delay is an absolute value of a difference between the first time and the target delay.
Step S523, compensating the relative delay in the first frequency regulation signal, and performing delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two qubits.
It can be understood that if the first curve with the trough is not obtained only by delaying the second frequency adjustment signal, the first curve with the trough is obtained only after the first frequency adjustment signal is delayed for a first time, and the transmission speed of the frequency adjustment signal transmission line representing the second qubit is smaller than that of the frequency adjustment signal transmission line of the first qubit, and then the relative delay needs to be compensated for in the first frequency adjustment signal when the delay calibration is performed.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment further provides a device for calibrating the delay of a quantum computer system, referring to fig. 13, the calibration device 200 mainly includes a resonance experiment module 201, a quantum state oscillation experiment module 202, a delay experiment module 203, and a calibration module 204. Wherein,
the resonance experiment module 201 is configured to preset quantum states of two mutually coupled qubits as an excited state and a ground state, and obtain a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency regulation signal applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two qubits, respectively, based on a resonance experiment of the two qubits; the resonance test is an experiment for measuring the amplitude variation of the coupling strength of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
the quantum state oscillation test module 202 is configured to obtain a first width of the frequency regulation signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied on the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two quantum bits, and a quantum state oscillation test of the two quantum bits; the quantum state oscillation test is an experiment for measuring the width change of the quantum states of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
The delay experiment module 203 is configured to apply a first frequency regulation signal having the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected to one of the two qubits, sequentially update a preset delay within a preset range, apply a second frequency regulation signal having the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected to the other one of the two qubits, and obtain a first curve of probability that the two qubits are in an excited state and a ground state respectively along with the change of the preset delay;
the calibration module 204 is configured to perform delay calibration on the frequency-controlled signal transmission line connected by the two qubits based on a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve when the first curve has the trough.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment further provides a quantum computer, where the quantum computer includes a quantum chip, and a device for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system as described above, where the quantum chip is provided with a plurality of mutually coupled qubits, each of the qubits is connected with a quantum state regulation signal transmission line and a frequency regulation signal transmission line, and the device for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system is connected with the quantum state regulation signal transmission line and the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and is used for implementing the method for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system as described above.
In summary, the method and device for calibrating the delay of the quantum computer system and the quantum computer provided by the invention have the following advantages: the quantum computer system comprises a quantum chip, wherein a plurality of quantum bits are arranged on the quantum chip, each quantum bit is connected with a quantum state regulation signal transmission line and a frequency regulation signal transmission line, when the calibration method is implemented, firstly, quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits are respectively preset as an excited state and a ground state, first amplitude and second amplitude of frequency regulation signals respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits are obtained based on resonance tests of the two quantum bits, then, first width of the frequency regulation signals is obtained based on first amplitude and second amplitude of the frequency regulation signals applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits and quantum state oscillation tests of the two quantum bits, then applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits, sequentially updating preset delay within a first preset range, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other quantum bit of the two quantum bits, obtaining a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two quantum bits are respectively an excited state and a ground state and change along with the preset delay, then judging whether the first curve has a trough, if so, finally carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve, therefore, transmission delay caused by the arrangement of various microwave devices and the length difference on the transmission lines of the different-frequency regulation signals is eliminated, so that the different-frequency regulation signals reach the corresponding quantum bits according to the designed time sequence, and the regulation precision of the two-quantum-bit gate is improved.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any alterations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calibrating delay of a quantum computer system, the quantum computer system comprising a quantum chip, a plurality of qubits being provided on the quantum chip, each of the qubits being connected with a quantum state regulation signal transmission line and a frequency regulation signal transmission line, the method comprising:
respectively presetting quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits as an excited state and a ground state, and obtaining a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency regulation signal respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits based on resonance tests of the two quantum bits; the resonance test is an experiment for measuring the amplitude variation of the coupling strength of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
obtaining a first width of the frequency regulation signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied on the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two qubits and a quantum state oscillation test of the two qubits; the quantum state oscillation test is an experiment for measuring the width change of the quantum states of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
Applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one of the two qubits, sequentially updating preset delay within a first preset range, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other one of the two qubits, and obtaining a first curve of the probability that the quantum states of the two qubits are respectively an excited state and a ground state and change along with the preset delay;
judging whether the first curve has a trough, if so, carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve.
2. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein the quantum states of the two qubits to be coupled to each other are respectively preset as an excited state and a ground state, and a first amplitude and a second amplitude of a frequency-modulated signal applied to the frequency-modulated signal transmission line of the two qubits are respectively obtained based on a resonance test of the two qubits, specifically comprising:
Applying a first quantum state regulation signal to a first quantum bit through the quantum state regulation signal transmission line, and applying a second quantum state regulation signal to a second quantum bit coupled to the first quantum bit through the quantum state regulation signal transmission line; the first quantum state regulating signal is used for regulating and controlling the quantum state of the first quantum bit to an excited state, and the second quantum state regulating signal is used for regulating and controlling the quantum state of the second quantum bit to a ground state;
applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude to the second qubit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, wherein the second amplitude is a preset fixed value;
sequentially updating the amplitude of a first frequency regulation signal in a second preset range, and applying the first frequency regulation signal with updated amplitude to the first quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line to obtain a second curve of the probability of the quantum state of the first quantum bit being an excited state along with the amplitude change of the first frequency regulation signal;
and acquiring the amplitude corresponding to the trough of the second curve as the first amplitude of the first frequency regulation signal.
3. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein the frequency-regulated signal transmission line based on the two qubits has a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency-regulated signal applied thereto, and a quantum state oscillation test of the two qubits has a first width of the frequency-regulated signal, comprising:
applying the first frequency-modulated signal having the first amplitude to a first qubit through the frequency-modulated signal transmission line; and applying the second frequency-modulated signal having the second amplitude to a second qubit through the frequency-modulated signal transmission line;
sequentially updating the widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal in a third preset range, applying the first frequency regulation signal with updated widths to the first quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line, and applying the second frequency regulation signal with updated widths to the second quantum bit through the frequency regulation signal transmission line to obtain a third curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is an excited state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is a ground state changes along with the width, and a fourth curve of the probability that the quantum state of the first quantum bit is a ground state and the probability that the quantum state of the second quantum bit is an excited state changes along with the width; the widths of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal are always equal and synchronously changed;
And acquiring the width corresponding to one intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve as the first width of the first frequency regulation signal and the second frequency regulation signal.
4. The method of calibrating as claimed in claim 3, wherein said obtaining a first width of the first frequency adjustment signal and the second frequency adjustment signal corresponding to an intersection of the third curve and the fourth curve specifically comprises:
acquiring the width corresponding to each intersection point of the third curve and the fourth curve;
and selecting the minimum width among the plurality of widths as the first width.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing delay calibration on the frequency-regulated signal transmission line connected by the two qubits based on a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve specifically comprises:
acquiring a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve as a target delay;
and compensating the target delay at the second frequency regulation signal, and carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits.
6. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether the first curve has a trough further comprises:
If not, the first frequency regulation signal delays for a first time, and the first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width is returned to be applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits.
7. The method of calibrating according to claim 6, wherein when the first curve has a trough after the first time delay of the first frequency regulation signal, the time delay calibration is performed on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected by the two qubits based on a preset time delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve, specifically including:
acquiring a preset delay corresponding to a trough of the first curve as a target delay;
determining a relative delay of the frequency-regulated signal transmission line of the two qubits based on the first time and the target delay;
and compensating the relative delay in the first frequency regulation signal, and carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits.
8. The calibration method of claim 7, wherein the relative delay is an absolute value of a difference between the first time and the target delay.
9. A quantum computer system delay calibration device, comprising:
the resonance experiment module is used for respectively presetting the quantum states of two mutually coupled quantum bits as an excited state and a ground state, and obtaining a first amplitude and a second amplitude of frequency regulation signals respectively applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission lines of the two quantum bits based on the resonance experiment of the two quantum bits; the resonance test is an experiment for measuring the amplitude variation of the coupling strength of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
the quantum state oscillation test module is used for obtaining a first width of the frequency regulation signal based on a first amplitude and a second amplitude of the frequency regulation signal applied to the frequency regulation signal transmission line of the two quantum bits and a quantum state oscillation test of the two quantum bits; the quantum state oscillation test is an experiment for measuring the width change of the quantum states of the two quantum bits along with the frequency regulation signal;
the delay experiment module is used for applying a first frequency regulation signal with the first amplitude and the first width to a frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with one quantum bit of the two quantum bits, sequentially updating preset delay within a preset range, applying a second frequency regulation signal with the second amplitude and the first width after updating the preset delay to the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the other quantum bit of the two quantum bits, and obtaining a first curve of the probability that the two quantum bits are in an excited state and a ground state respectively along with the change of the preset delay;
And the calibration module is used for carrying out delay calibration on the frequency regulation signal transmission line connected with the two quantum bits based on the preset delay corresponding to the trough of the first curve when the first curve has the trough.
10. A quantum computer, characterized in that the quantum computer comprises a quantum chip and a calibrating device for quantum computer system delay according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of mutually coupled quantum bits are arranged on the quantum chip, each quantum bit is connected with a quantum state regulating signal transmission line and a frequency regulating signal transmission line, and the calibrating device for quantum computer system delay is connected with the quantum state regulating signal transmission line and the frequency regulating signal transmission line and is used for realizing the calibrating method for quantum computer system delay according to any one of claims 1-8.
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