CN115840246A - Radioactive source positioning equipment and method - Google Patents
Radioactive source positioning equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115840246A CN115840246A CN202211350509.XA CN202211350509A CN115840246A CN 115840246 A CN115840246 A CN 115840246A CN 202211350509 A CN202211350509 A CN 202211350509A CN 115840246 A CN115840246 A CN 115840246A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radioactive source positioning device and a method, wherein the radioactive source positioning device is characterized in that scintillation crystals of two scintillator detectors are vertically and oppositely arranged based on the fact that gamma rays are absorbed by substances and follow the law of negative exponential decay, the positions of the scintillation crystals are close to each other, the counting rates of the scintillation crystals and the scintillation crystals are approximately equal when no shielding body exists, then a special-shaped lead shielding body is sleeved outside one scintillation crystal, and the equivalent thicknesses of the lead shielding body for shielding radioactive sources with different incidence angles are different; calculating the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the position of the radioactive source, and determining the position of the radioactive source according to the thickness value; this radiation source positioning device can once only obtain comparatively accurate radiation source position, and personnel can not be because of adjusting repeatedly and looking for the direction and expose in the radiation environment for a long time, can effectively solve present radiation source positioning device and look for the comparatively consuming technical problem of radiation source, gain and improve and look for efficiency and make the controllable effect of equipment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive source positioning, and particularly relates to radioactive source positioning equipment and method.
Background
With the progress and development of society, the application of radioactive sources is more and more extensive, the situation that the radioactive source is lost may occur when the radioactive source is used for production and manufacturing, and the lost radioactive source may bring great influence on ecological environment and public health, so that after the radioactive source is lost, the radioactive source needs to be recovered as soon as possible to reduce the radiation time of the external radioactive source to the maximum extent.
Because the radioactive source generally has a small volume, the lost radioactive source is difficult to find quickly by naked eyes, and the longer the search time is, the greater the radiation injury to personnel is, therefore, the radioactive source positioning equipment is required to find the lost radioactive source. At present, two types of radioactive source positioning devices are generally adopted, one is that the radioactive source positioning device of a single detector is adopted, an operator needs to hold the radioactive source positioning device to detect in the environment, and the device continuously moves towards the increasing direction of the CPS according to the CPS (counting rate) of the radioactive source positioning device until the operator reaches the position near a radioactive source; the approximate position of the radioactive source can only be determined by using the radioactive source positioning equipment according to the change of the counting rate, the searching direction may need to be adjusted for many times in the whole searching process, the time of exposing an operator in a radiation environment is long, and the injury to the operator is large. Secondly, the radioactive source positioning equipment adopting the gamma camera is adopted, but the gamma camera is only suitable for the environment with smaller scene, and the gamma camera is expensive.
Therefore, there is a need to design a radiation source positioning apparatus that can quickly determine the position of a radiation source and is low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the radioactive source positioning equipment and the method, which solve the technical problem that the conventional radioactive source positioning equipment is time-consuming in searching radioactive sources and achieve the effects of improving the searching efficiency and controlling the equipment cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a radioactive source positioning device comprises scintillator detectors, wherein each scintillator detector comprises cylindrical scintillation crystals, the number of the scintillator detectors is two, the scintillation crystals of the two scintillator detectors are vertically arranged, and the two scintillation crystals are vertically opposite and adjacently arranged;
a circle of annular lead shielding bodies which are as long as the scintillation crystals are sleeved outside any scintillation crystal, the thickness value of each lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal is gradually reduced from a maximum thickness value to a minimum thickness value in the circumferential direction of the scintillation crystal, and the position of the maximum thickness value and the position of the minimum thickness value are adjacent in the circumferential direction of the scintillation crystal.
Furthermore, the radioactive source positioning equipment also comprises a calculation control module and a display module, wherein the calculation control module is respectively and electrically connected with the display module and the two scintillator detectors.
Furthermore, the outer contour of the horizontal section of the lead shielding body is circular and concentric with the scintillation crystal, the inner contour is a circle of spiral line with the head end and the tail end connected through a straight line extending along the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and the head end and the tail end of the spiral line are respectively the position of the maximum thickness and the position of the minimum thickness.
Furthermore, the inner contour of the horizontal section of the lead shielding body is circular and concentric with the scintillation crystal, the outer contour is a circle of spiral line with the head end and the tail end connected through a straight line extending along the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and the head end and the tail end of the spiral line are respectively the position of the minimum thickness value and the position of the maximum thickness value.
The invention also comprises a radioactive source positioning method, which uses the radioactive source positioning equipment, and comprises the following steps:
1) Calibrating a radiation source positioning device in a radiation source-free environment;
2) Placing the radioactive source positioning equipment in an environment with radioactive sources, measuring by the two scintillator detectors and transmitting measurement data to the calculation control module;
3) And the calculation control module calculates and confirms the position of the radioactive source according to the two groups of measurement data.
Further, step 3) comprises the following sub-steps:
31 The calculation control module brings the two sets of measurement data into a preset thickness value formula, and calculates the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the direction of the radioactive source;
32 The calculation control module brings the calculated thickness value into a preset comparison table of the thickness value and the direction, determines the position of the radioactive source and displays the position of the radioactive source to the outside through the display module.
Further, in the step 1), the radioactive source positioning device is placed in an environment without radioactive sources, the two scintillator detectors measure background to obtain baseline data, and the two scintillator detectors are calibrated according to the baseline data.
Further, in step 2), the measurement data includes count rate and energy spectrum data.
Further, in step 31), the thickness value formula is as follows:
CPS S2 ＝CPS S1 ×e -L×λ
wherein, CPS S2 Count rate, CPS, for scintillator detectors having lead shields for scintillation crystals S1 And e is a constant of the counting rate of the other scintillator detector, L is the thickness value of the lead shielding body of the position of the radioactive source in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and lambda is the lead shielding coefficient of the radioactive source.
Further, in step 31), the calculation control module determines the nuclide type of the radioactive source according to the energy spectrum data of the scintillator detector without the lead shielding body, and further determines the value of λ.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the radioactive source positioning equipment, based on the fact that gamma rays are absorbed by substances and follow the law of negative exponential decay, scintillation crystals of two scintillator detectors are vertically and oppositely arranged, the positions of the scintillation crystals are close to each other, the counting rates of the scintillation crystals and the counting rates of the scintillation crystals are approximately equal when no shielding body exists, then a special-shaped lead shielding body is sleeved outside one scintillation crystal, and the equivalent thicknesses of the lead shielding body, which have shielding effects on radioactive sources with different incidence angles, are different; therefore, the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the position of the radioactive source is obtained through calculation, and the position of the radioactive source can be determined according to the thickness value as a specific thickness value has a unique corresponding position in the circumferential direction of the lead shielding body; can once only obtain comparatively accurate radiation source position through this radiation source positioning device, operating personnel can not be because of adjusting repeatedly and looking for the direction and expose in the radiation environment for a long time, can effectively solve present radiation source positioning device and look for the comparatively time-consuming technical problem of radiation source, improve and look for efficiency and equipment cost compare current single detector radiation source positioning device increase by a wide margin, the cost is controllable.
2. The radioactive source positioning equipment has the advantages that on the basis of the two scintillator detectors, the cost is low, the scene applicability is wide, more accurate positioning of a lost radioactive source can be realized, and the time for searching the radioactive source by personnel can be effectively reduced by adding the lead shielding body, the calculation control module and the display module.
3. The radioactive source positioning method of the invention provides a thickness value formula based on the fact that gamma rays are absorbed by substances and follow the law of negative exponential decay, the counting rates of two scintillator detectors and the lead shielding coefficients of a lost radioactive source are obtained by using the radioactive source positioning equipment, the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of a scintillation crystal in the position of the radioactive source can be calculated, and then the position of the radioactive source is quickly determined according to the thickness value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main structure of a radioactive source positioning apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between a lead shield and a scintillation crystal according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary radiation source positioning apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent thickness of a lead shield according to an embodiment at different incident angles;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a radiation source positioning method according to an embodiment;
the device comprises a scintillation crystal 1, a photomultiplier tube 2 and a lead shield 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a radiation source positioning device includes a scintillator detector, which detects a flash of ionizing radiation generated in some substances, a cylindrical scintillation crystal 1 is used as a detection end of the scintillator detector, one end of the scintillation crystal is connected with a photomultiplier 2, and the photomultiplier is used for converting an optical signal generated by the scintillation crystal into an electrical signal for subsequent processing;
the number of the scintillator detectors in the radioactive source positioning equipment is two, the scintillation crystals of the two scintillator detectors are vertically arranged, and the scintillation crystals of the two scintillator detectors are vertically opposite and adjacently arranged; the scintillation crystal overcoat of a scintillator detector is equipped with the cyclic annular lead shield 3 isometric with the scintillation crystal of round, the upper and lower surface of lead shield respectively with the scintillation crystal's that the cover was established upper and lower surface parallel and level, the lead shield is the uniform cross section body, the horizontal cross section everywhere of lead shield in vertical promptly is equal, the thickness value of lead shield in the scintillation crystal radial is evenly reduced to a thickness minimum by a thickness maximum value in scintillation crystal circumference, thickness maximum value position and thickness minimum value position are adjacent in the scintillation crystal circumference.
When the method is implemented, the lead shielding body can adopt two structural forms, wherein the first structure is that the outer contour of the vertical upper section of the lead shielding body is circular and is concentric with the scintillation crystal, the inner contour of the vertical upper section of the lead shielding body is a circle of spiral line with the head end and the tail end connected through a straight line extending along the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and the head end and the tail end of the spiral line are respectively the position of the maximum thickness and the position of the minimum thickness; the second type is that the inner contour of the vertical upper section of the lead shielding body is circular and concentric with the scintillation crystal, the outer contour of the vertical upper section of the lead shielding body is a circle of spiral line with the head and the tail connected by a straight line extending along the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and the head and the tail of the spiral line are respectively the position of the minimum thickness value and the position of the maximum thickness value; in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the lead shield adopts a first structural form, and the outer contour of the vertical section of the lead shield is circular, so that the lead shield is more convenient to mount and position based on the outer contour.
The principle of the radioactive source positioning equipment provided by the invention is as follows: the scintillation crystals of the two scintillator detectors are vertically and oppositely arranged, and the positions of the scintillation crystals and the scintillation crystals are close to each other, so that the detection efficiency of the scintillation crystals and the detection efficiency of the scintillation crystals to the radioactive source are consistent, namely the counting rates of the scintillation crystals and the radioactive source are approximately equal when no shielding body exists; during measurement, a common radiation source is far away from a radioactive source positioning device, the radioactive source emits rays to a scintillation crystal, the rays are mainly on the outer circular surface of the scintillation crystal, after the scintillation crystal of one scintillator detector is blocked by a lead shielding body, and after a part of gamma rays of the radioactive source are blocked by the lead shielding body, the gamma rays are absorbed by substances and follow the law of negative exponential decay, so that the counting rate of the scintillator detector is lower than that of the other scintillator detector, and the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the position of the radioactive source can be obtained through calculation because the lead shielding body has different equivalent thicknesses for shielding effects of radioactive sources with different incidence angles, and the position of the radioactive source can be determined according to the thickness value because a specific thickness value has a unique corresponding position in the circumferential direction of the lead shielding body; the main part of this radiation source positioning device is two scintillator detectors, and the cost is lower, can once only obtain comparatively accurate radiation source position through this radiation source positioning device, and operating personnel can not be because of adjusting repeatedly and looking for the direction and expose in the radiation environment for a long time, can effectively solve present radiation source positioning device and look for the comparatively time-consuming technical problem of radiation source, improve and look for efficiency and equipment cost and compare current single detector radiation source positioning device increase of amplitude little, the cost is controllable.
During measurement, the radioactive source is far away from the radioactive source positioning device, the ray emitted by the radioactive source to the scintillation crystal is mainly on the outer circular surface of the scintillation crystal, but in order to improve the accuracy of measurement, the sheet lead shield can be used to cover the free ends of the two scintillation crystals so as to prevent the ray of the radioactive source from being emitted from the free ends of the scintillation crystals.
In addition, in this embodiment, the radiation source positioning device further includes a calculation control module and a display module, the calculation control module is electrically connected to the display module and the two scintillator detectors respectively, the calculation control module is configured to control the scintillator detectors and calculate the position of the radiation source according to the measurement data obtained by the two scintillator detectors, and the display module is configured to present the calculated position of the radiation source to an operator; in this embodiment, a scintillator detector obtained by sleeving a lead shield around a scintillation crystal is referred to as a detector S2, another scintillator detector is referred to as a detector S1, and the radiation source positioning device includes the detector S1, the detector S2, a shield (i.e., the lead shield), a main control (i.e., the calculation control module), a screen (i.e., the display module), a structure, and a power supply system, as shown in fig. 3.
The invention also comprises a radioactive source positioning method, which uses the radioactive source positioning equipment, and comprises the following steps:
1) Calibrating a radiation source positioning device in a radiation source-free environment; specifically, the radioactive source positioning equipment is placed in an environment without a radioactive source, background measurement is carried out on the two scintillator detectors to obtain baseline data, and the two scintillator detectors are calibrated according to the baseline data;
2) Placing the radioactive source positioning equipment in an environment with a lost radioactive source, measuring by the two scintillator detectors and transmitting measurement data to the calculation control module; the measurement data comprises counting rate and energy spectrum data;
3) The control calculation module brings the two sets of measurement data into a preset thickness value formula, and calculates the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the position of the radioactive source;
the counting rates of two scintillator detectors in the radioactive source positioning equipment are approximately equal when no shielding body exists; the scintillation crystal of one scintillator detector is blocked by the lead shield and the count rate is lower than that of the other scintillatorAs shown in fig. 4, among the radioactive source a, the radioactive source B and the radioactive source C, the lead shielding body has the largest equivalent thickness for shielding the radioactive source a from the rays, and the lead shielding body has the smallest equivalent thickness for shielding the radioactive source C from the rays; therefore, CPS can be set S2 For the count rate of the detector S2, CPS S1 The counting rate of a detector S1 is shown, L is the thickness value of a lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the position of a radioactive source, lambda is the lead shielding coefficient of a lost radioactive source, and the thickness value formula is obtained based on that gamma rays are absorbed by substances and follow the law of negative exponential decay as follows:
CPS S2 ＝CPS S1 ×e -L×λ
wherein e is a digital constant which is the base number of a natural logarithm function, and e =2.71828182 \8230; therefore, L can be calculated according to the counting rates of the two scintillator detectors, and then the position of the radioactive source is determined according to L;
in addition, if the nuclide type of the radioactive source to be searched is unknown, the calculation control module firstly brings the energy spectrum data of the scintillator detector which is not sleeved with the lead shielding body into a preset nuclide identification algorithm to determine the nuclide type of the lost radioactive source, and then brings the nuclide type into a preset nuclide type and lambda comparison table to determine the lambda value; the identification algorithm for determining the nuclide types through the energy spectrum data is a mature technology, the nuclide type and lambda comparison table is a table in which a plurality of nuclide types are in one-to-one correspondence with the lead shielding coefficients of radioactive sources of the nuclide types, and the lead shielding coefficients of the radioactive sources of all common nuclide types can be obtained by looking up related data; the method for positioning the radioactive source is shown in figure 5.
4) The control calculation module brings the calculated thickness value into a preset thickness value and direction comparison table, determines the position of the radioactive source and displays the position of the radioactive source to the outside through the display module; the comparison table of the thickness value and the direction is a table in which the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal is in one-to-one correspondence with the direction of the lead shielding body.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A radiation source positioning apparatus, includes scintillator detector, and scintillator detector includes cylindric scintillation crystal, its characterized in that: the number of the scintillator detectors is two, the scintillation crystals of the two scintillator detectors are vertically arranged, and the two scintillation crystals are vertically opposite and adjacently arranged;
a circle of annular lead shielding bodies which are as long as the scintillation crystals are sleeved outside any scintillation crystal, the thickness value of each lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal is gradually reduced from a maximum thickness value to a minimum thickness value in the circumferential direction of the scintillation crystal, and the position of the maximum thickness value and the position of the minimum thickness value are adjacent in the circumferential direction of the scintillation crystal.
2. The radiation source positioning apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the scintillator detector also comprises a calculation control module and a display module, wherein the calculation control module is respectively and electrically connected with the display module and the two scintillator detectors.
3. The radiation source positioning apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the outer contour of the horizontal section of the lead shielding body is circular and concentric with the scintillation crystal, the inner contour is a circle of spiral line with the head end and the tail end connected through a straight line extending along the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and the head end and the tail end of the spiral line are respectively the position of the maximum thickness and the position of the minimum thickness.
4. The radiation source positioning apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the inner contour of the horizontal section of the lead shielding body is circular and concentric with the scintillation crystal, the outer contour is a circle of spiral line with the head end and the tail end connected through a straight line extending along the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and the head end and the tail end of the spiral line are respectively the position of the minimum thickness and the position of the maximum thickness.
5. A radioactive source positioning method is characterized in that: use of a radiation source positioning device according to any of claims 2-4, comprising the steps of:
1) Calibrating a radiation source positioning device in a radiation source-free environment;
2) Placing the radioactive source positioning equipment in an environment with radioactive sources, measuring by the two scintillator detectors and transmitting measurement data to the calculation control module;
3) And the calculation control module calculates and confirms the position of the radioactive source according to the two groups of measurement data.
6. The radiation source positioning method of claim 5, wherein: step 3) comprises the following substeps:
31 The calculation control module brings the two sets of measurement data into a preset thickness value formula, and calculates the thickness value of the lead shielding body in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal in the direction of the radioactive source;
32 The calculation control module brings the calculated thickness value into a preset comparison table of the thickness value and the direction, determines the position of the radioactive source and displays the position of the radioactive source to the outside through the display module.
7. The radiation source positioning method of claim 5, wherein: in the step 1), the radioactive source positioning equipment is placed in an environment without radioactive sources, background measurement is carried out on the two scintillator detectors to obtain baseline data, and the two scintillator detectors are calibrated according to the baseline data.
8. The radiation source positioning method of claim 5, wherein: in step 2), the measurement data comprises counting rate and energy spectrum data.
9. The radiation source positioning method of claim 8, wherein: in step 31), the thickness value formula is as follows:
CPS S2 ＝CPS S1 ×e -L×λ
wherein CPS S2 Count rate, CPS, for scintillator detectors having lead shields for scintillation crystals S1 And e is a constant, L is the thickness value of the lead shielding body of the radiation source in the radial direction of the scintillation crystal, and lambda is the lead shielding coefficient of the radiation source.
10. The radiation source positioning method of claim 9, wherein: in the step 31), the calculation control module firstly determines the nuclide type of the radioactive source according to the energy spectrum data of the scintillator detector which is not sleeved with the lead shielding body, and further determines the value of lambda.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117130032A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 北京中科核安科技有限公司 | Method, device and storage medium for orienting omnidirectional radioactive source |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117130032A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 北京中科核安科技有限公司 | Method, device and storage medium for orienting omnidirectional radioactive source |
| CN117130032B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-02-13 | 北京中科核安科技有限公司 | Method, device and storage medium for orienting omnidirectional radioactive source |
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