CN115839909B - Device and method for measuring sediment in water flow - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring sediment in water flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN115839909B CN115839909B CN202211555962.4A CN202211555962A CN115839909B CN 115839909 B CN115839909 B CN 115839909B CN 202211555962 A CN202211555962 A CN 202211555962A CN 115839909 B CN115839909 B CN 115839909B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The application discloses a device and a method for measuring water flow sediment, comprising the following steps: a chamber having an interior cavity extending from a first port to a second port, the chamber defining a passageway therethrough for water to enter from the first port and exit from the second port; the cabin door comprises a first cabin door for opening and closing the first port and a second cabin door for opening and closing the second port; the sand blocking net is arranged in the cabin body and can be arranged in a first state or a second state, the sand blocking net is intercepted in the channel in the first state and is used for intercepting sediment in water flowing through the channel in the cabin body, and the sand blocking net avoids the channel in the second state. The sediment bed load and suspended load sampling and measuring functions are combined, and continuous sampling, measuring and real-time data feedback of the sediment bed load and suspended load can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application is used in the field of sediment measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring sediment in water flow.
Background
The sediment transfer rule is a pre-condition for analyzing the evolution of a riverway riverbed and developing construction of a wading project, and sediment in the riverway can be divided into a bed load and a suspended load according to different movement modes of the sediment in a water body, wherein the bed load refers to sediment particles which roll, move, jump or move in a layer-by-layer manner along the riverbed in water flow, and the sediment particles are frequently exchanged with sediment (bed sediment for short) on the bed surface in the movement process; the suspended matters refer to fine silt, colloid and the like which are suspended in river channel running water and move downwards along with the running water, namely, scraps which are suspended in water away from a bed surface due to turbulence in a conveying medium (fluid). At present, two special instruments are needed to be used for sampling the bed load and the suspended load respectively, and sediment quality in a sample can be calculated through operations such as filtering, drying and the like. On the other hand, the existing sampling device is usually provided with only one sampling bin, so that the sampling device is used for sampling under the complex multidirectional flow conditions such as ocean, the posture of the sampling device is required to be adjusted for multiple times to ensure that the posture is consistent with the water flow mode, the sampling efficiency is further reduced, and the bed load transfer rate in a specific direction cannot be measured. In addition, as the bed load measurement needs to sink the sampling device into the bottom of the river bed and cling to the bed surface as much as possible, the existing measuring device lacks the instrument form sensing capability and is easy to cause the distortion of measured data due to the form deviation of the sampler.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for measuring water flow sediment, which combine a sediment bed load sampling function and a suspended load sampling function and can realize continuous real-time sampling measurement of sediment bed load and suspended load.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a water flow sediment measurement device comprising:
a chamber having an interior cavity extending from a first port to a second port, the chamber defining a passageway therethrough for water to enter from the first port and exit from the second port;
the cabin door comprises a first cabin door for opening and closing the first port and a second cabin door for opening and closing the second port;
the sand blocking net is arranged in the cabin body and can be arranged in a first state or a second state, the sand blocking net is intercepted in the channel in the first state and is used for intercepting sediment in water flowing through the channel in the cabin body, and the sand blocking net avoids the channel in the second state.
With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the method further includes:
the lifting device is connected to the cabin body and used for suspending the cabin body to be settled in water flow, and a tension meter capable of directly feeding back tension data born by the lifting device and feeding back in real time is arranged on the lifting device.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manner, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the device further includes a tail fin, the tail fin is connected to the tail portion of the cabin through a connecting rod, the lifting device includes a first lifting rope and a second lifting rope, the bottom of the first lifting rope is connected with a lifting rod, the bottom of the lifting rod is connected with a bearing rod through a first rotating shaft, the tension gauge is arranged on the bearing rod, the bearing rod is connected to the cabin, and the second lifting rope is connected to the tail fin.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manner, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the cabin body is provided with a gyroscope and a power device for adjusting the posture of the cabin body, the power device is disposed at a plurality of positions around the cabin body, and the power device includes a motor and a propeller disposed at an output end of the motor.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manner, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, a controller is disposed between the bearing rod and the cabin, the controller includes a housing, a control unit and a power supply, where the control unit and the power supply are disposed in the housing, the bearing rod stretches into the housing, and is connected with the housing in a matched manner through a bearing, the gyroscope is disposed in the housing, and the tensiometer, the gyroscope and the power device are all connected with the control unit.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, one end of the sand blocking net is hinged to the top of the inner cavity, a counterweight bar is arranged at the other end of the sand blocking net, a first executing mechanism for driving the sand blocking net to switch states is arranged on the cabin body, and the first executing mechanism comprises a first winch, and a first stranded wire is led out from the first winch and is connected to the sand blocking net.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manner, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the first door is mounted on a first port of the cabin body through a second rotating shaft, a first locking device for limiting the first door to an open state is arranged on the cabin body, a first elastic component is arranged between the first door and the cabin body, and the first elastic component is used for driving the first door to close the first port after the first locking device releases the first door; the second cabin door is arranged at a second port of the cabin body through a third rotating shaft, a second locking device used for limiting the second cabin door to an open state is arranged on the cabin body, a second elastic component is arranged between the second cabin door and the cabin body and used for driving the second cabin door to close the second port after the second locking device releases the second cabin door.
In combination with the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manner, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the first locking device and the second locking device each include an electromagnetic bayonet, the electromagnetic bayonet includes a mounting seat, a floating magnetic shaft disposed on the mounting seat, and an electromagnetic coil for driving the magnetic shaft, the electromagnetic coil is disposed on the mounting seat, a bayonet is disposed at an outer end of the magnetic shaft, a return spring is disposed between the magnetic shaft and the mounting seat, a second actuating mechanism for driving the first cabin door to open around the second rotating shaft and a third actuating mechanism for driving the second cabin door to open around the third rotating shaft are disposed on the cabin body, the second actuating mechanism includes a second winch, the second winch leads out a second stranded wire and is connected to the first cabin door, the third actuating mechanism includes a third winch, and the third winch leads out a third stranded wire and is connected to the second cabin door.
In a second aspect, a method for measuring sediment in water flow includes the following steps:
preparing the water flow sediment measuring device according to any one of the above aspects;
the water flow sediment measuring device is kept in an initial state, the cabin body is horizontal in the initial state, the first cabin door and the second cabin door are opened, and the sediment trapping net is arranged in a second state;
sinking the initial state water flow sediment measuring device to the bottom of the river bed, and recording the reading F of the tensiometer before the device contacts the river bed i-1 Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope i-1 、β i-1 、θ i-1 Wherein alpha, beta and theta respectively represent included angles with x, y and z axes in a right-hand coordinate system;
after the water flow sediment measuring device stably sinks into the river bottom, switching the sediment blocking net to a first state, and closing the first cabin door and the second cabin door after standing for a period of deltat;
lifting the water flow sediment measuring device by the lifting device and recording the reading F of the tension meter when leaving the riverbed i Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope i 、β i 、θ i ；
The single-width sand conveying rate g of the bed load measured at this time is calculated by the following formula b
Wherein, gamma s 、γ w The weights of sand and water, respectively; b is the width of the inner cavity.
In a third aspect, a method for measuring sediment in water flow includes the following steps:
preparing the water flow sediment measuring device according to any one of the above aspects;
the water flow sediment measuring device is kept in an initial state, the cabin body is horizontal in the initial state, the first cabin door and the second cabin door are opened, and the sediment trapping net is arranged in a second state;
immersing the initial water flow sediment measuring device horizontally into the clean water, and recording the reading F of the tension meter 0 Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope 0 、β 0 、θ 0 ；
Sinking the initial state water flow sediment measuring device to the required measuring depth of water flow, closing the first cabin door and the second cabin door, and reading F by a tension meter j Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope j 、β j 、θ j ；
The concentration c of the suspended solids measured at this time is calculated by the following formula b
Wherein, gamma s 、γ w The weights of sand and water, respectively; v is the volume of the lumen.
One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: the technical scheme of the application overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides a water flow sediment measuring device with strong universality and usability, realizes continuous sampling, measurement and real-time data feedback of sediment bed load or suspended load in a specific direction in water, simultaneously provides a measuring method, and can calculate the mass of the sediment bed load or suspended load in a sample in real time so as to calculate the sediment transfer rate of the bed load and the sediment concentration of the suspended load. According to the technical scheme, the bed load and the suspended load sampling and measuring device are organically combined, so that the bed load and suspended load sampling and measuring device can be used for calculating the bed load sand conveying amount and the suspended load sediment concentration, and can realize continuous sampling, measurement and real-time data feedback of sediment bed load and suspended load.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a front view showing the construction of an embodiment of the water flow sediment measuring device of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure of one embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the controller structure of one embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic bayonet structure of one embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are used to supplement the description of the written description so that one can intuitively and intuitively understand each technical feature and overall technical scheme of the present application, but not to limit the scope of the present application.
In the present application, if directions (up, down, left, right, front and rear) are described, they are merely for convenience of description of the technical solution of the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the technical features must be in a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the present application, "a plurality of" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more, and "greater than", "less than", "exceeding", etc. are understood to not include the present number; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include this number. In the description of the present application, the description of "first" and "second" if any is used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the present application, unless clearly defined otherwise, terms such as "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like should be construed broadly and may be connected directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, for example; the connecting device can be fixedly connected, detachably connected and integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or capable of communicating with each other; may be a communication between two elements or an interaction between two elements. The specific meaning of the words in the application can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a water flow sediment measurement device, which includes a cabin body 100, a cabin door and a sediment trapping net 200.
Wherein the capsule 100 has an inner cavity extending from the first port 101 to the second port 102, through which cavity the capsule 100 forms a through channel through which water can enter from the first port 101 and exit from the second port 102.
The doors include a first door 301 for opening and closing the first port 101 and a second door 302 for opening and closing the second port 102.
The sand blocking net 200 is disposed on the cabin 100, for example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the sand blocking net 200 is located at a position behind the middle of the cabin, the sand blocking net 200 can be disposed in a first state or a second state, the sand blocking net 200 is intercepted in the channel in the first state, and is used for intercepting sediment in water flowing through the channel into the cabin 100, and the sand blocking net 200 is avoided from the channel in the second state. The sand screen 200 can be switched to different states for different measuring purposes and measuring phases.
The specific use method of the water flow sediment measuring device is described in detail below, the technical scheme of the application overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides the water flow sediment measuring device with strong universality and usability, realizes continuous sampling, measurement and real-time data feedback of sediment bed load or suspended load in a specific direction in water, and simultaneously provides a measuring method which can calculate the quality of the sediment bed load or suspended load in a sample in real time so as to calculate the sediment transfer rate of the bed load and the sediment concentration of the suspended load. According to the technical scheme, the bed load and the suspended load sampling and measuring device are organically combined, so that the bed load and suspended load sampling and measuring device can be used for calculating the bed load sand conveying amount and the suspended load sediment concentration, and can realize continuous sampling, measurement and real-time data feedback of sediment bed load and suspended load.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the water flow sediment measurement device further includes a lifting device, the lifting device is connected to the cabin 100, the lifting device is used for suspending the cabin 100 in water and lifting the cabin from the water flow, the lifting device is provided with a tension meter 401 capable of directly feeding back tension data born by the lifting device and feeding back the tension data in real time, and the tension meter 401 can be an electronic underwater tension meter capable of directly feeding back the tension data born by the lifting device, so that the single wide sediment transport rate and suspended solids concentration of the present measurement bed load can be obtained through calculation.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the water flow sediment measuring device further includes a tail fin 500, the tail fin 500 is connected to the tail of the cabin 100 through a connecting rod, the lifting device includes a first lifting rope 402 and a second lifting rope 403, the bottom of the first lifting rope 402 is connected to a lifting rod 404, the bottom of the lifting rod 404 is connected to a bearing rod 406 through a first rotating shaft 405, a tension gauge 401 is disposed on the bearing rod 406, the bearing rod 406 is connected to the cabin 100, and the second lifting rope 403 is connected to the tail fin 500. In this embodiment, the depth and the posture of the water flow sediment measuring device in the water flow can be adjusted by adjusting the first lifting rope 402 and the second lifting rope 403, for example, when the water flow sediment measuring device is sunk into the bottom of the river bed, if an obvious included angle is formed between the water flow sediment measuring device and the required measuring direction or the vertical direction, the water flow sediment measuring device can be adjusted by the lifting device. For another example, when the measurement is completed, the first lifting rope 402 and the second lifting rope 403 may be pulled to pour the sediment in the cabin 100, so as to perform multi-directional real-time continuous measurement.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, a gyroscope 601 is provided on the pod 100, and the gyroscope 601 may detect and feedback device attitude information to provide feedback data for attitude adjustment of the pod 100. The power device 103 for adjusting the posture of the cabin 100 is arranged on the cabin 100, the power device 103 is arranged at a plurality of positions around the cabin 100, and the power device 103 comprises a motor and a propeller arranged at the output end of the motor. For example, after the water sediment measuring device is sunk into the bottom of the river bed, the power device 103 can adjust the angle with the required measuring direction or the vertical direction.
In order to facilitate the device to be submerged in water smoothly, the cabin 100 is also provided with a counterweight bin 104.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 3, a controller 600 is disposed between the bearing rod 406 and the cabin 100, the controller 600 includes a housing, a control unit 602 and a power supply 603 disposed inside the housing, the bearing rod 406 extends into the housing and is cooperatively connected with the housing through a bearing 604, the gyroscope 601 is disposed inside the housing, and the tension meter 401, the gyroscope 601 and the power device 103 are all connected with the control unit 602. The control unit 602 can read the values of the electronic underwater tension meter 401 and the gyroscope 601 in real time, transmit the values to a receiving end on the water surface, and receive signals to control the electric winch, the locking device and the power device 103.
The sand blocking net 200 can be switched between a first state and a second state, the sand blocking net 200 can be driven and adjusted by manual or motor modes, so as to realize swinging or moving of the sand blocking net 200, for example, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, one end of the sand blocking net 200 is hinged to the top of an inner cavity, the other end of the sand blocking net 200 is provided with a counterweight bar 201, a first executing mechanism for driving the sand blocking net 200 to switch states is arranged on the cabin body 100, and the first executing mechanism comprises a first winch 202, and the first winch 202 leads out a first twisted wire 203 and is connected to the sand blocking net 200. The sand blocking net 200 is connected with the first winch 202 through a first winch line 203, can be freely lowered and switched to a first state under the action of the counterweight strip 201 when the first winch 202 is closed, and can be moved to a second horizontal state around a hinge when the first winch 202 works.
The first door 301 and the second door 302 need to be opened and closed in the measurement process, the first door 301 and the second door 302 can be driven and adjusted by manual or motor, so as to realize the swing or movement of the first door 301 and the second door 302, for example, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the first door 301 is installed on the first port 101 of the cabin body 100 through the second rotating shaft 303, the cabin body 100 is provided with a first locking device 305 for limiting the first door 301 in an opened state, a first elastic component 304 is arranged between the first door 301 and the cabin body 100, and the first elastic component 304 is used for driving the first door 301 to close the first port 101 after the first locking device 305 releases the first door 301; specifically, the first door 301 is provided with a fixing device, the cabin 100 is provided with a fixing device, and the first elastic member 304 adopts a spring connected between the two fixing devices. In this embodiment, the first door 301 has the capability of being quickly closed, that is, when the first locking device 305 receives the signal of the control unit 602, the first door 301 is released, and the first door 301 is quickly closed under the driving of the spring, and a certain measuring water body is enclosed in the cabin body 100.
Similarly, referring to fig. 1, the second door 302 is mounted on the second port 102 of the cabin 100 through a third shaft, a second locking device 306 for limiting the second door 302 to an open state is provided on the cabin 100, and a second elastic member 307 is provided between the second door 302 and the cabin 100, where the second elastic member 307 is used to drive the second door 302 to close the second port 102 after the second locking device 306 releases the second door 302.
The first locking device 305 and the second locking device 306 are used for locking the hatch door in an open state and releasing the hatch door when needed, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the first locking device 305 and the second locking device 306 each comprise an electromagnetic bayonet, the electromagnetic bayonet comprises a mounting seat 308, a magnetic shaft 309 floating and arranged on the mounting seat 308, and an electromagnetic coil 310 for driving the magnetic shaft 309, the electromagnetic coil 310 is arranged on the mounting seat 308, a bayonet 311 is arranged at the outer end of the magnetic shaft 309, the magnetic shaft 309 can move under the action of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 310, and a return spring 312 is arranged between the magnetic shaft 309 and the mounting seat 308. The electromagnetic bayonet 311 can be controlled to be opened and closed by the control unit 602, and then the electromagnetic coil 310 controls the magnetic shaft 309 and the bayonet 311 to perform piston movement, so that locking and releasing of the cabin door are realized.
Further, in order to automatically restore the device to the initial state, the cabin body 100 is provided with a second actuating mechanism for driving the first cabin door 301 to open around the second rotation shaft 303 and a third actuating mechanism for driving the second cabin door 302 to open around the third rotation shaft, the second actuating mechanism comprises a second winch, a second stranded wire 313 is led out from the second winch, the second stranded wire 313 bypasses the fixed pulley and then is connected to the first cabin door 301, the third actuating mechanism comprises a third winch, a third stranded wire 314 is led out from the third winch, and the third stranded wire 314 bypasses the fixed pulley and then is connected to the second cabin door 302.
The embodiment of the application also provides a water flow sediment measurement method for measuring the bed load sediment transport rate, which comprises the following steps:
preparing the water flow sediment measuring device in some embodiments;
the water flow sediment measuring device is kept in an initial state, the cabin body 100 is horizontal in the initial state, the first cabin door 301 and the second cabin door 302 are opened, and the sediment trapping net 200 is arranged in a second state;
sinking the initial state water flow sediment measuring device to the bottom of the river bed, and reading F by the tension meter 401 before the recording device contacts the river bed i-1 Device pose alpha recorded with gyroscope 601 i-1 、β i-1 、θ i-1 Wherein, alpha, beta and theta respectively represent the included angles with x, y and z axes in a right-hand coordinate system, the posture of the device is observed through the gyroscope 601 after sinking into the bottom of the river bed, and if the obvious included angles with the required measuring direction or the vertical direction exist, the power device 103 or the lifting device can be used for adjusting;
after the water flow sediment measuring device stably sinks into the river bottom, the sediment trapping net 200 is switched to a first state, and after standing for a period of time delta t, the first cabin door 301 and the second cabin door 302 are closed;
lifting the water flow sediment measuring device by the lifting device and recording the reading F of the tension meter 401 when leaving the riverbed i Device pose alpha recorded with gyroscope 601 i 、β i 、θ i ；
The single-width sand conveying rate g of the bed load measured at this time is calculated by the following formula b
Wherein, gamma s 、γ w The weights of sand and water, respectively; b is the width of the inner cavity;
after the device is slowly lifted to a certain height by the lifting device, the control unit 602 supplies power to the first winch 202, the second winch and the third winch, so that the cabin door and the sand blocking net 200 are in an initial state, and after sediment in the cabin body 100 is dumped by pulling the lifting rope, the device is restored to the initial state.
The steps are repeated to realize multidirectional real-time continuous measurement of the bed load sand conveying rate.
The embodiment of the application also provides a water flow sediment measuring method for measuring the concentration of suspended solids, which comprises the following steps:
preparing the water flow sediment measuring device in some embodiments;
the water flow sediment measuring device is kept in an initial state, the cabin body 100 is horizontal in the initial state, the first cabin door 301 and the second cabin door 302 are opened, and the sediment trapping net 200 is arranged in a second state;
the initial state of the water flow sediment measuring device is submerged in the clean water and the reading F of the tension meter 401 is recorded 0 Device pose alpha recorded with gyroscope 601 0 、β 0 、θ 0 ；
Sinking the initial state water flow sediment measuring device to the required measuring depth of water flow, adjusting the posture of the device by a power device 103 or a lifting device when necessary, closing the first cabin door 301 and the second cabin door 302, and reading F by a tension meter 401 j Device pose alpha recorded with gyroscope 601 j 、β j 、θ j ；
The concentration c of the suspended solids measured at this time is calculated by the following formula b
Wherein, gamma s 、γ w The weights of sand and water, respectively; v is the volume of the inner cavity;
after the device is slowly lifted to a certain height by the lifting device, the control unit 602 supplies power to the first winch 202, the second winch and the third winch, so that the cabin door and the sand blocking net 200 are in an initial state, and after sediment in the cabin body 100 is dumped by pulling the lifting rope, the device is restored to the initial state.
The steps are repeated to realize multidirectional real-time continuous measurement of the bed load sand conveying rate.
If necessary, the step adjustment can be used for realizing the alternate measurement of the bed load and the suspended load.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "example," "embodiment," or "some embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The present application is, of course, not limited to the above-described embodiments, and one skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the application, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present application as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring sediment in water flow, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a water flow sediment measuring device, wherein the water flow sediment measuring device comprises:
a chamber having an interior cavity extending from a first port to a second port, the chamber defining a passageway therethrough for water to enter from the first port and exit from the second port;
the cabin door comprises a first cabin door for opening and closing the first port and a second cabin door for opening and closing the second port;
the sand blocking net is arranged on the cabin body and can be arranged in a first state or a second state, the sand blocking net is intercepted in the channel in the first state and used for blocking sediment in water flowing through the channel into the cabin body, and the sand blocking net avoids the channel in the second state;
the lifting device is connected with the cabin body and used for suspending the cabin body to be settled in water flow, and a tension meter capable of directly feeding back tension data born by the lifting device and feeding back the tension data in real time is arranged on the lifting device;
the tail wing is connected to the tail part of the cabin body through a connecting rod, the lifting device comprises a first lifting rope and a second lifting rope, the bottom of the first lifting rope is connected with a lifting rod, the bottom of the lifting rod is connected with a bearing rod through a first rotating shaft, the tension meter is arranged on the bearing rod, the bearing rod is connected to the cabin body, and the second lifting rope is connected to the tail wing;
the power device is arranged at a plurality of positions around the cabin body and comprises a motor and a propeller arranged at the output end of the motor;
the water flow sediment measuring device is kept in an initial state, the cabin body is horizontal in the initial state, the first cabin door and the second cabin door are opened, and the sediment trapping net is arranged in a second state;
sinking the initial state water flow sediment measuring device to the bottom of the river bed, and recording the reading F of the tensiometer before the device contacts the river bed i-1 Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope i-1 、β i-1 、θ i-1 Wherein alpha, beta and theta respectively represent included angles with x, y and z axes in a right-hand coordinate system;
after the water flow sediment measuring device stably sinks into the river bottom, switching the sediment blocking net to a first state, and closing the first cabin door and the second cabin door after standing for a period of deltat;
lifting the water flow sediment measuring device by the lifting device and recording the reading F of the tension meter when leaving the riverbed i Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope i 、β i 、θ i ；
The single-width sand conveying rate g of the bed load measured at this time is calculated by the following formula b
Wherein, gamma s 、γ w The weights of sand and water, respectively; b is the width of the inner cavity.
2. A method for measuring sediment in water flow, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a water flow sediment measuring device, wherein the water flow sediment measuring device comprises:
a chamber having an interior cavity extending from a first port to a second port, the chamber defining a passageway therethrough for water to enter from the first port and exit from the second port;
the cabin door comprises a first cabin door for opening and closing the first port and a second cabin door for opening and closing the second port;
the sand blocking net is arranged on the cabin body and can be arranged in a first state or a second state, the sand blocking net is intercepted in the channel in the first state and used for blocking sediment in water flowing through the channel into the cabin body, and the sand blocking net avoids the channel in the second state;
the lifting device is connected with the cabin body and used for suspending the cabin body to be settled in water flow, and a tension meter capable of directly feeding back tension data born by the lifting device and feeding back the tension data in real time is arranged on the lifting device;
the tail wing is connected to the tail part of the cabin body through a connecting rod, the lifting device comprises a first lifting rope and a second lifting rope, the bottom of the first lifting rope is connected with a lifting rod, the bottom of the lifting rod is connected with a bearing rod through a first rotating shaft, the tension meter is arranged on the bearing rod, the bearing rod is connected to the cabin body, and the second lifting rope is connected to the tail wing;
the power device is arranged at a plurality of positions around the cabin body and comprises a motor and a propeller arranged at the output end of the motor;
the water flow sediment measuring device is kept in an initial state, the cabin body is horizontal in the initial state, the first cabin door and the second cabin door are opened, and the sediment trapping net is arranged in a second state;
immersing the initial water flow sediment measuring device horizontally into the clean water, and recording the reading F of the tension meter 0 Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope 0 、β 0 、θ 0 ；
Sinking the initial state water flow sediment measuring device to the required measuring depth of water flow, closing the first cabin door and the second cabin door, and reading F by a tension meter j Device attitude alpha recorded with gyroscope j 、β j 、θ j ；
The concentration c of the suspended solids measured at this time is calculated by the following formula b
Wherein, gamma s 、γ w The weights of sand and water, respectively; v is the volume of the lumen.
3. The water flow sediment measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a controller is arranged between the bearing rod and the cabin body, the controller comprises a shell, a control unit and a power supply, the control unit and the power supply are arranged in the shell, the bearing rod stretches into the shell and is connected with the shell in a matched manner through a bearing, the gyroscope is arranged in the shell, and the tension meter, the gyroscope and the power device are all connected with the control unit.
4. The water flow sediment measuring method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one end of the sediment trapping net is hinged to the top of the inner cavity, the other end of the sediment trapping net is provided with a counterweight bar, the cabin body is provided with a first executing mechanism for driving the sediment trapping net to switch states, the first executing mechanism comprises a first winch, and the first winch is led out of a first stranded wire and connected to the sediment trapping net.
5. The water flow sediment measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first cabin door is mounted on a first port of the cabin body through a second rotating shaft, a first locking device for limiting the first cabin door to an open state is arranged on the cabin body, a first elastic component is arranged between the first cabin door and the cabin body, and the first elastic component is used for driving the first cabin door to close the first port after the first locking device releases the first cabin door; the second cabin door is arranged at a second port of the cabin body through a third rotating shaft, a second locking device used for limiting the second cabin door to an open state is arranged on the cabin body, a second elastic component is arranged between the second cabin door and the cabin body and used for driving the second cabin door to close the second port after the second locking device releases the second cabin door.
6. The water flow sediment measurement method according to claim 5, wherein the first locking device and the second locking device comprise electromagnetic bayonets, each electromagnetic bay comprises a mounting seat, a floating magnetic shaft arranged on the mounting seat and an electromagnetic coil used for driving the magnetic shaft, the electromagnetic coil is arranged on the mounting seat, a bayonet is arranged at the outer end of the magnetic shaft, a reset spring is arranged between the magnetic shaft and the mounting seat, a second actuating mechanism used for driving the first cabin door to open around the second rotating shaft and a third actuating mechanism used for driving the second cabin door to open around the third rotating shaft are arranged on the cabin body, each second actuating mechanism comprises a second winch, a second stranded wire is led out from the second winch and is connected to the first cabin door, each third actuating mechanism comprises a third winch, and a third stranded wire is led out from the third winch and is connected to the second cabin door.
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