CN115837561A - Titanium-based composite material sheet with equiaxial structure and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Titanium-based composite material sheet with equiaxial structure and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115837561A CN115837561A CN202310019687.2A CN202310019687A CN115837561A CN 115837561 A CN115837561 A CN 115837561A CN 202310019687 A CN202310019687 A CN 202310019687A CN 115837561 A CN115837561 A CN 115837561A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial structure and a heat treatment method thereof, which comprises the following steps: coating a solder mask on one surface of the pure titanium plate and/or the titanium alloy plate, which is in contact with the titanium-based composite sheet, to serve as an upper sheath and a lower sheath for wrapping the titanium-based composite sheet; respectively placing the upper sheath and the lower sheath on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet lamination; performing sheath welding and sealing on the laminated whole after the steps are placed, and then performing vacuum pumping to obtain a sheath with a vacuum inside; carrying out heat treatment on the sheath with the vacuum inside to obtain a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial tissue; performing diffusion bonding on the titanium-based composite sheet with the equiaxed structure; the purpose is to realize the diffusion connection with high welding rate and achieve the purposes of high-quality welding seams and superplastic deformation capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy heat treatment, and particularly relates to a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial structure and a heat treatment method thereof.
Background
The titanium-based composite material is used as an aviation high-temperature structural material and can be used for hypersonic-speed skin and forging structural parts. Superplastic forming and superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) technology is a low cost, highly efficient and near-marginless component manufacturing technology that can produce an integral hollow structural component in a single thermal cycle, which is beneficial for reducing the structural weight. Because the reinforcing phase is added into the titanium-based composite material, the structure of the titanium-based composite material is more complex, the phase transformation point is improved, and the deformation resistance is increased, so that the requirement on the diffusion connection of the titanium-based composite material is higher than that of the conventional titanium alloy (such as TC4, TA15, TA32 and the like), even the diffusion connection with high welding rate is difficult to realize on engineering equipment, and the application of the titanium-based composite material in the SPF/DB technology is seriously influenced. At present, the method for realizing higher 90% welding rate of the titanium-based composite material comprises a high-temperature and high-pressure method, wherein the diffusion connection temperature reaches above 970 ℃, the diffusion connection pressure reaches 3.0-5.0 MPa, and the diffusion connection time is 3-4 h. From the aspect of diffusion bonding theory, the equiaxed fine-grained structure is a more ideal structure state for diffusion bonding, and the increase of the grain boundary density and the reduction of the grain boundary size are beneficial to realizing high-quality welding seams on the interface. In the case of common titanium alloy, the equiaxed fine-grained structure is usually obtained by controlling the rolling process parameters, while in the case of titanium-based composites, the equiaxed fine-grained structure is difficult to obtain by a low-temperature rolling and static recrystallization method. In addition, the equiaxial fine crystal structure is beneficial to improving the superplastic deformation capability of the material.
The traditional method for preparing the equiaxed fine-grained structure is mainly realized by controlling a rolling process, for example, for titanium alloys such as TC4, TA15, TA32 and the like, T is adopted β And (4) rolling for multiple times at the temperature of minus 40-60 ℃ and different deformation quantities to realize grain crushing and dynamic recrystallization to obtain an equiaxed fine grain structure. For titanium-based composite materials, because the titanium-based composite materials are very sensitive to deformation temperature and are easy to crack at low temperature, the titanium-based composite materials are usually rolled in a cross-phase regionAll the obtained tissues are lamellar tissues, and as shown in figure 1, the microstructure of the titanium-based composite sheet with the thickness of 1.2mm is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the problems and provides a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial structure and a heat treatment method thereof, aiming at realizing diffusion connection with high welding rate and achieving the purposes of high-quality welding seams and superplastic deformation capability.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a heat treatment method of an equiaxed titanium matrix composite sheet for diffusion bonding, which comprises the following steps:
coating a solder mask on one surface of the pure titanium plate and/or the titanium alloy plate, which is in contact with the titanium-based composite sheet, to serve as an upper sheath and a lower sheath for wrapping the titanium-based composite sheet;
respectively placing the upper sheath and the lower sheath on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet lamination;
performing sheath welding and sealing on the laminated whole after the steps are placed, and then performing vacuum pumping to obtain a sheath with a vacuum inside;
carrying out heat treatment on the sheath with the vacuum inside to obtain a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial tissue;
and carrying out diffusion connection on the titanium matrix composite sheet with the equiaxed structure.
Further, the step of performing heat treatment on the sheath with the vacuum inside comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the sheath with the vacuum inside in a gas diffusion furnace or a heat treatment furnace capable of realizing air pressure application, heating to 950-970 ℃, applying 0.5-3 MPa of air pressure after the temperature is reached, and carrying out furnace cooling after heat preservation and pressure maintaining for 2-3 h.
Further, after the heat treatment, the conventional surface pickling treatment is carried out on the titanium-based composite material sheet after the heat treatment.
Further, the process parameters of the diffusion bonding include: the diffusion bonding temperature is 940-960 ℃, the diffusion bonding pressure is 1.5-2.0 MPa, and the temperature and pressure are kept for 1.5-2 h.
Further, before the upper sheath and the lower sheath are respectively placed on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet lamination, the surface of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet lamination is pretreated according to the requirements on surface flatness and cleanliness.
Further, the pretreatment of the surface of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet laminate includes: the surface is pretreated by steel brush polishing, mechanical polishing, sanding or chemical cleaning.
Further, the grain size of the equiaxed structure is less than 10 μm.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a titanium-based composite sheet with an equiaxial structure, which is characterized by being prepared by adopting the heat treatment method of the equiaxial-structure titanium-based composite sheet based on diffusion bonding.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps of wrapping a pure titanium plate and/or a titanium alloy plate with a titanium-based composite sheet or the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of a titanium-based composite sheet lamination, then performing sheath welding and sealing, vacuumizing to obtain a sheath with a vacuum inside, performing heat treatment within a certain temperature range through the sheath and applying certain air pressure to the sheath to obtain an equiaxial tissue with the grain size of less than 10 mu m, and performing diffusion connection on the heat-treated sheet, so that the effects of reducing diffusion connection temperature, pressure and time can be realized, and the diffusion connection with high welding rate is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of a 1.2mm thick titanium matrix composite sheet according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a microscopic view of an equiaxed structure of a titanium matrix composite sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a microstructure of a high quality weld joint obtained by diffusion bonding a titanium matrix composite sheet having an equiaxed structure according to an exemplary method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention provides a heat treatment method of a titanium-based composite sheet with equiaxed tissues for diffusion connection, aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art for realizing the diffusion connection with high welding rate, the method is based on the characteristic that the titanium-based composite is sensitive to deformation temperature and easy to crack at low temperature, a pure titanium plate or other titanium alloy plates coated with a solder-stop agent on the contact surface with the titanium-based composite sheet are adopted to be placed at the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the laminated titanium-based composite sheet for sheathing, welding and sealing, after vacuumizing, a vacuum sheathing can be obtained inside, then the vacuum sheathing and the sheathing are adopted to apply certain air pressure for heat treatment in a certain temperature range, and equiaxed tissues with the grain size of less than 10 mu m are obtained, namely the titanium-based composite sheet with the equiaxed tissues are obtained, the titanium-based composite sheet with the equiaxed tissues is subjected to diffusion connection, the effects of reducing the diffusion connection temperature, pressure and time can be realized, the interface can realize high-quality welding seams, and the superplastic deformation capability of the materials can be improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the heat treatment method of the equiaxed titanium matrix composite sheet for diffusion bonding according to the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and coating a solder mask on one surface of the pure titanium plate and/or the titanium alloy plate, which is in contact with the titanium-based composite sheet, to serve as an upper sheath and a lower sheath for wrapping the titanium-based composite sheet.
Specifically, one side of each of two pure titanium plates or two titanium alloy plates or one pure titanium plate and one titanium alloy plate is coated with a solder stop agent, and the side coated with the solder stop agent is used as a contact surface for wrapping the titanium-based composite sheet, so that the surface of the titanium-based composite sheet, which is contacted with the pure titanium plate or the titanium alloy plate, is prevented from being welded into a whole.
Step two: and respectively placing the upper sheath and the lower sheath on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet lamination.
Step three: and (3) performing sheath welding and sealing on the laminated whole after the steps are placed, and then performing vacuumizing to obtain a sheath with a vacuum inside.
Specifically, firstly, the surface of the titanium-based composite sheet is pretreated according to the requirements of surface flatness, cleanliness and roughness, and the surface of the titanium-based composite sheet is treated cleanly without impurities; an example of the pretreatment of the surface of the titanium-based composite material sheet in this embodiment may include a pretreatment of the surface by steel brush polishing, mechanical polishing, sanding, chemical cleaning, etc.
And secondly, the titanium-based composite sheet can be subjected to laminated discharge, the single titanium-based composite sheet can also be subjected to subsequent processing, and the upper sheath and the lower sheath coated with the anti-soldering agent are respectively placed on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the titanium-based composite sheet or the laminated titanium-based composite sheet.
And finally, performing sheath welding and sealing on the whole body, reserving a vacuumizing air channel, and vacuumizing the whole sheath to obtain the sheath with the vacuum inside.
Step four: carrying out heat treatment on the sheath with the vacuum inside to obtain a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial tissue;
specifically, a sheath with a vacuum inside is placed in a gas diffusion furnace or a heat treatment furnace capable of realizing air pressure application, the temperature of the sheath is increased to 950-970 ℃, 0.5-3 MPa air pressure is applied after the temperature is reached, the temperature and pressure are kept for 2-3 h, and furnace cooling is carried out to obtain an equiaxial structure shown in figure 2. Before diffusion connection, the titanium-based composite material sheet after heat treatment needs to be subjected to conventional surface pickling treatment.
Step five: and carrying out diffusion connection on the titanium matrix composite sheet with the equiaxed structure.
Specifically, for titanium-based composites, the process parameters in diffusion bonding include: the diffusion bonding temperature is 940-960 ℃, the diffusion bonding pressure is 1.5-2.0 MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1.5-2 h, and according to the steps, the obtained welding seam structure is shown in figure 3, and the welding seam has high quality.
The invention also provides a titanium-based composite sheet with an equiaxial structure, which is prepared by adopting the heat treatment method of the equiaxial-structure titanium-based composite sheet for diffusion bonding.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples
Example 1
The heat treatment method for preparing equiaxed titanium-based composite sheet for diffusion bonding provided in this example 1 mainly includes the following steps:
s1: the surface of the titanium-based composite material sheet is cleaned to ensure that the sheet has no impurities;
s2: laminating and discharging the titanium-based composite sheet;
s3: placing pure titanium plates or other titanium alloy plates coated with a solder stop agent on the contact surface of the titanium-based composite sheet on the uppermost and the lowermost of the titanium-based composite sheet lamination, then performing sheath welding and sealing, and reserving a vacuumizing air channel;
s4: vacuumizing the whole sheath;
s5: placing the sheath with the vacuum inside in a gas diffusion furnace or a heat treatment furnace capable of realizing air pressure application;
s6: and (3) heating the sheath to 950-970 ℃, applying air pressure of 0.5-3 MPa after the temperature is reached, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2-3 h, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the titanium-based composite material sheet with the equiaxial tissue shown in figure 2.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A heat treatment method of equiaxed titanium matrix composite sheet for diffusion bonding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
coating a solder mask on one surface of the pure titanium plate and/or the titanium alloy plate, which is in contact with the titanium-based composite sheet, to serve as an upper sheath and a lower sheath for wrapping the titanium-based composite sheet;
respectively placing the upper sheath and the lower sheath on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the titanium-based composite sheet or the titanium-based composite sheet lamination;
performing sheath welding and sealing on the laminated whole after the steps are placed, and then performing vacuum pumping to obtain a sheath with a vacuum inside;
carrying out heat treatment on the sheath with the vacuum inside to obtain a titanium-based composite material sheet with an equiaxial tissue;
and carrying out diffusion connection on the titanium matrix composite sheet with the equiaxed structure.
2. A method of heat treating an equiaxed titanium matrix composite sheet for diffusion bonding as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of heat treating the vacuum-filled jacket comprises: and (3) placing the sheath with the vacuum inside in a gas diffusion furnace or a heat treatment furnace capable of realizing air pressure application, heating to 950-970 ℃, applying 0.5-3 MPa of air pressure after the temperature is reached, and carrying out furnace cooling after heat preservation and pressure maintaining for 2-3 h.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising subjecting the heat treated Ti-based composite sheet to conventional surface pickling after the heat treatment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the diffusion bonding comprise: the diffusion bonding temperature is 940-960 ℃, the diffusion bonding pressure is 1.5-2.0 MPa, and the temperature and pressure are kept for 1.5-2 h.
5. The method for heat-treating equiaxed titanium-based composite sheet for diffusion bonding according to claim 1, wherein said upper wrapper and said lower wrapper are disposed on the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of said titanium-based composite sheet or said titanium-based composite sheet laminate, respectively, and further comprising the step of pretreating the surface of said titanium-based composite sheet or said titanium-based composite sheet laminate according to the requirements of surface flatness and cleanliness.
6. The method of heat treating an equiaxed titanium-based composite sheet for diffusion bonding according to claim 5, wherein the pre-treating the surface of the titanium-based composite sheet or the stack of titanium-based composite sheets comprises: the surface is pretreated by steel brush polishing, mechanical polishing, sanding or chemical cleaning.
7. A method of heat treating a sheet of equiaxed titanium matrix composite for diffusion bonding as claimed in claim 1, wherein said equiaxed structure has a grain size of less than 10 μm.
8. A titanium matrix composite sheet having equiaxed structure, which is produced by the heat treatment method for equiaxed titanium matrix composite sheet for diffusion bonding according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310019687.2A CN115837561A (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | Titanium-based composite material sheet with equiaxial structure and heat treatment method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310019687.2A CN115837561A (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | Titanium-based composite material sheet with equiaxial structure and heat treatment method thereof |
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