CN115837503A - Locomotive side wall leveling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure provides a method for leveling a side wall of a locomotive, and relates to the technical field of welding production processes. The locomotive side wall comprises a rigid framework and a skin plate, and the leveling method comprises the following steps: selecting welding equipment and a leveling welding wire, wherein the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate are not mutually fused after being heated; determining a plurality of welding points to be welded on the skin plate; installing a leveling welding wire on welding equipment, and sequentially welding a plurality of welding points to be welded; and stripping the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate. In the embodiment of the disclosure, the welding point to be welded on the skin plate is combined, and the skin plate is directly welded, so that the welding arc with concentrated high temperature during welding improves the leveling effect of the skin plate. The melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate are not mutually fused after being heated, so that the leveling welding wire on the skin plate can be conveniently cleaned after welding, meanwhile, the surface of the skin plate can be prevented from being damaged, and the original state of the surface of the skin plate is ensured.

Description

Locomotive side wall leveling method

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of welding production processes, in particular to a method for leveling a side wall of a locomotive.

Background

At present, in the manufacturing process of a steel structure, the sheet structure has a very serious deformation problem after welding due to poor rigidity, so the sheet structure needs to be leveled. Taking the side wall of the locomotive as an example, since no obvious pits exist in the appearance, the side wall needs to be aligned for leveling.

Currently, leveling methods mainly used include three types, namely manual leveling, flame leveling and mechanical leveling. For manual leveling, the side wall of the locomotive is not allowed to be struck by a hand hammer, so that the manual leveling has certain limitation; flame leveling needs a certain plate thickness, and a locomotive side wall skin plate is thin, so that the flame leveling also has certain limitation; mechanical leveling is generally used for leveling small or long and narrow parts, and the side wall of the locomotive needs to be leveled after the locomotive body is formed, so that the mechanical leveling is not applicable. Therefore, a method for leveling a sidewall of a locomotive is needed.

It is to be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for leveling a side wall of a locomotive, which can effectively realize the leveling of the side wall of the locomotive.

According to one aspect of the disclosure, a method for leveling a locomotive side wall is provided, wherein the locomotive side wall comprises a rigid framework and a skin plate welded with the rigid framework;

the leveling method comprises the following steps:

selecting welding equipment and a leveling welding wire, wherein the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate are not mutually fused after being heated;

determining a plurality of welding points to be welded on the skin plate;

installing the leveling welding wire on the welding equipment, and sequentially welding at a plurality of points to be welded;

and stripping the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate.

According to any leveling method, after the welding of the plurality of welding points to be welded is performed in sequence, the method further comprises the following steps: and measuring the flatness of the skin plate, and returning to and executing the step of determining a plurality of to-be-welded points on the skin plate when the flatness of the skin plate does not meet the requirement.

According to any leveling method, the thickness of the skin plate is greater than or equal to 1.5mm and less than or equal to 2.0mm.

According to any leveling method, the ratio of the melting point of the leveling welding wire to the melting point of the skin plate is less than or equal to 0.8.

The leveling method according to any one of the leveling methods, the melting point of the leveling wire is less than or equal to 670 ℃. The skin sheet has a melting point greater than or equal to 1500 ℃.

According to any leveling method, the leveling welding wire is an aluminum welding wire, and the skin plate is a low-carbon steel sheet.

According to any one of the leveling methods, the aluminum welding wire is an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire or an aluminum silicon alloy welding wire.

According to any leveling method, the step of sequentially welding a plurality of welding points to be welded comprises the following steps:

determining welding parameters, wherein the welding parameters comprise gas flow, welding current, wire feeding speed, arc voltage and welding duration;

and welding at the plurality of points to be welded in sequence according to the welding parameters.

According to any leveling method, the gas flow is 14-18L/min, the welding current is 130-140A, the wire feeding speed is 8.2-8.6 m/min, the arc voltage is 22.2-22.4V, and the welding time is 0.4-1.4S.

According to any leveling method, the thickness of the skin plate is 2mm, and the diameter of the leveling welding wire is 1.2mm;

the gas flow is 15L/min, the welding current is 135A, the wire feeding speed is 8.4m/min, the arc voltage is 22.3V, and the welding time is 0.9S.

The embodiment of the disclosure at least comprises the following technical effects:

in the embodiment of the disclosure, after the welding point to be welded is determined on the skin plate to be leveled, the welding wire is used for directly welding the welding point to be welded, so that the welding arc with concentrated high temperature during welding improves the leveling effect of the skin plate. The melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate are not mutually melted after being heated, so that the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate can be conveniently cleaned after welding, meanwhile, the surface of the skin plate can be prevented from being damaged, and the original state of the surface of the skin plate is ensured.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a side wall of a locomotive provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a side wall of a locomotive according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for leveling a side wall of a locomotive according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an identification of a welding point on a skin panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Reference numerals:

10. a locomotive side wall;

1. a rigid skeleton; 2. a skin sheet; 3. and (5) waiting for welding points.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Although relative terms, such as "upper" and "lower," may be used in this specification to describe one element of an icon relative to another, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, e.g., in accordance with the orientation of the examples described in the figures. It will be understood that if the illustrated device is turned upside down, elements described as "upper" will be those that are "lower". When a structure is "on" another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via another structure.

The terms "a", "an", "the", "said" and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/parts/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.; the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not limiting on the number of their objects.

Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a side wall of a locomotive provided by the present disclosure, and fig. 2 illustrates an explosive structural diagram of a side wall of a locomotive provided by the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2, the sidewall 10 of the locomotive includes a rigid frame 1 and a skin plate 2, and the rigid frame 1 is welded to the skin plate 2.

The rigid frame 1 is a circular or polygonal (rectangular) structure formed by connecting rigid square pipes and the like, and the skin plate 2 is welded to one side of the rigid frame 1.

After the rigid framework 1 and the skin plate 2 are welded, the skin plate 2 is inevitably deformed, so that the surface of the skin plate 2 is not flat, and the requirement of product flatness cannot be met. Therefore, the skin panel 2 needs to be leveled.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of a method for leveling a side wall of a locomotive according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, the leveling method includes the following steps S310 to S340.

And S310, selecting welding equipment and a leveling welding wire, wherein the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate 2, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 are not mutually fused after being heated.

And step S320, determining a welding point 3 to be welded on the skin plate 2.

And step S330, mounting the leveling welding wires on the welding equipment, and sequentially welding a plurality of welding points 3 to be welded.

And step S340, stripping the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate 2.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, after the welding point 3 to be welded is determined on the skin plate 2 to be leveled, the welding point 3 to be welded is directly welded by using the leveling welding wire, so that the welding point 3 to be welded on the skin plate 2 is contracted under the cooling effect of the shielding gas, and then the skin plate 2 is leveled under the tensioning effect of the rigid framework 1, thereby improving the leveling effect. Because the melting point of the leveling welding wire is less than that of the skin plate 2, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 are not mutually fused after being heated, the cleaning of the leveling welding wire on the skin plate 2 after welding is facilitated, meanwhile, the damage to the surface of the skin plate 2 can be avoided, and the original state of the surface of the skin plate 2 is ensured.

In addition, when welding is performed on the skin plate 2, the local heating at the point 3 to be welded is achieved, and the temperature rise of the point 3 to be welded is obvious due to the welding arc with high-temperature concentration (for example, the welding equipment generates more than 1 ten thousand arc temperatures at the point 3 to be welded instantly), so that the heat at the point 3 to be welded is more concentrated, and meanwhile, the temperature difference gradient of the skin plate 2 in the direction away from the point 3 to be welded is obvious, so that the leveling effect is more obvious.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the skin sheet 2 is mainly leveled by welding, and when welding is performed on the skin sheet 2, it is necessary that the welded portion on the skin sheet 2 be in a red hot state.

In order to avoid melting and even welding through of the welding points on skin panels 2, skin panels 2 having a thickness of 1.5mm or more are generally selected. Thus, the thicker skin plate 2 is selected, the heat which can be absorbed by the area where the welding position is located can be increased, and the situation that the welding position on the skin plate 2 is melted and welded through is avoided. Of course, in order to avoid that the thickness of the skin sheet 2 is too thick, so that the welding position on the skin sheet 2 is difficult to reach the red hot state in the whole thickness direction in a short time, and thus the leveling effect at the welding position on the skin sheet 2 is poor, the skin sheet 2 with the thickness less than or equal to 2.0mm can be selected.

In conclusion, the thickness of the skin plate 2 is greater than or equal to 1.5mm and less than or equal to 2.0mm, so that when the skin plate 2 is welded, the phenomena of melting and welding penetration of the welding position are avoided, and meanwhile, the welding position is ensured to reach a red heat state in the whole thickness direction, so that the leveling effect of the welding position is ensured.

In step S310, the selected welding device may be a gas metal arc welding machine, such as a MIG welding machine using argon (with a purity of 99.99%) as a shielding gas, or a MAG welding machine; of course, the selected welding equipment may be other welding equipment as long as the skin panel 2 can be in a red hot state when welding is performed by the selected welding equipment, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

When the leveling welding wire is selected, in order to avoid melting of the leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 at the welding position and further mutual melting, the melting point of the leveling welding wire is smaller than that of the skin plate 2, when the welding equipment is adopted to weld on the skin plate 2, the welding temperature can be controlled, on the premise that the melting of the leveling welding wire is ensured, the melting of the welding position on the skin plate 2 is avoided, the condition that the melted leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 mutually melt is further avoided, and the damage to the surface of the skin plate 2 when the welding slag of the leveling welding wire is subsequently removed is also avoided.

Optionally, the ratio of the melting point of the leveling wire to the melting point of the skin sheet 2 is less than or equal to 0.8. Therefore, the maximum ratio of the melting point of the leveling welding wire to the melting point of the skin plate 2 is limited, the phenomenon that the melting point of the leveling welding wire is close to the melting point of the skin plate 2 is avoided, and the control difficulty of the welding temperature is increased.

Illustratively, the melting point of the leveling wire is less than or equal to 670 ℃ and the melting point of the skin sheet 2 is greater than or equal to 1500 ℃.

In some embodiments, skin sheet 2 is a low carbon steel sheet, in which case an aluminum welding wire may be used as the leveling wire. Therefore, the melting point of the leveling welding wire is limited to be smaller than that of the skin plate 2 by combining the skin plate 2 and the specific material of the leveling welding wire, so that the leveling of the skin plate 2 is achieved, and meanwhile, the damage to the surface of the skin plate 2 is avoided.

The aluminum welding wire is a pure aluminum welding wire, an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire or an aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire, and of course, the aluminum welding wire may also be other welding wires containing metal aluminum as long as the melting point of the aluminum welding wire is lower than that of the low-carbon steel sheet, which is not limited in the embodiment of the disclosure.

In the step S320, for the locomotive side wall 10 to be leveled, the flatness of the skin plate 2 may be measured by using an operation tool such as a leveling ruler, so as to determine a plurality of areas to be leveled on the skin plate 2, and then the central points of the plurality of areas to be leveled are used as the welding points 3 to be welded on the skin plate 2, and are marked, as shown in fig. 4, so as to subsequently weld the skin plate 2 directly according to the marked welding points 3 to be welded.

The area to be leveled can be determined according to the convex area and the concave area on the skin plate 2.

In step S330, a plurality of welding points 3 to be welded on the skin sheet 2 may be welded at the welding points 3 by spot welding.

After the leveling welding wire is installed on the welding equipment, for a plurality of welding points 3 to be welded on the skin plate 2, welding parameters can be determined firstly, wherein the welding parameters comprise gas flow, welding current, wire feeding speed, arc voltage and welding duration; and then welding is carried out on a plurality of welding points 3 to be welded in sequence according to the welding parameters.

Specifically, the welding equipment is set by combining the above spot welding mode, that is, the determined welding parameters, and after the setting is completed, the welding equipment can sequentially weld a plurality of to-be-welded points 3 in a spot welding mode based on the determined welding parameters.

Optionally, for each parameter included in the welding parameters, the gas flow is 14 to 18L/min, the welding current is 130 to 140A, the wire feeding speed is 8.2 to 8.6m/min, the arc voltage is 22.2 to 22.4V, and the welding time duration is 0.4 to 1.4S.

Wherein, the specific values of the parameters can be determined by combining the thickness of the skin plate 2, the concave degree and the convex degree of the points 3 to be welded and the like. For example, taking the thickness of the skin plate 2 as 2mm and the diameter of the leveling welding wire as 1.2mm as an example, the specific values of the welding parameters include: the gas flow is 15L/min, the welding current is 135A, the wire feeding speed is 8.4m/min, the arc voltage is 22.3V, and the welding time is 0.9S.

For each parameter, the welding current or the arc voltage can be reduced, and the welding time is prolonged, so that the leveling effect of the area where the welding point 3 is located is ensured; or the welding current or the arc voltage is increased, and the welding time is shortened, so that the leveling effect of the area where the to-be-welded point 3 is located is ensured.

In the step S330, when welding the plurality of welding points 3 to be welded in sequence, in some embodiments, after completing one welding of the plurality of welding points 3 to be welded, the method further includes: the flatness of the skin sheet 2 is measured, and when the flatness of the skin sheet 2 does not satisfy the requirement, the above step S302 is returned to and executed.

Among them, the flatness of the skin sheet 2 can be measured by using a leveling ruler or the like as long as the accuracy of the detection structure can be ensured. When the flatness of the skin plate 2 obtained by measurement does not meet the product requirement, the step S330 can be returned and executed to weld the plurality of welding points 3 again; or combining the measurement structure of the skin plate 2, determining at least one to-be-welded point 3 which needs to be continuously welded from the plurality of to-be-welded points 3 (i.e. returning to and executing the step S320), and further executing the step S330 to sequentially weld the at least one to-be-welded point 3 which is newly determined, so that the leveling efficiency of the skin plate 2 is improved while the leveling effect is ensured.

In other embodiments, for each to-be-welded point 3 in the plurality of to-be-welded points 3 on the skin panel 2, at least one welding is performed on one to-be-welded point 3, and synchronous measurement is performed while welding is performed until the flatness of the area where the one to-be-welded point 3 is located meets the requirement. Therefore, areas where a plurality of welding points 3 are to be welded are leveled in sequence in the same mode, and the effect of leveling the skin plate 2 is achieved.

In the step S340, in combination with that the melting point of the leveling welding wire defined in the step S310 is smaller than the melting point of the skin plate 2, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 are not melted after being heated, thus, under the condition of controlling the welding temperature, on the premise of ensuring that the leveling welding wire is melted, the welding part on the skin plate 2 is prevented from being melted, so that welding slag generated during welding of the leveling welding wire is not adhered to the skin plate 2. When the welding slag is stripped, the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate can be stripped in a mode of knocking and vibrating the skin plate 2, or an operator manually strips the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate 2.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. The leveling method of the locomotive side wall comprises a rigid framework and a skin plate welded with the rigid framework, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting welding equipment and a leveling welding wire, wherein the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate are not mutually fused after being heated;

determining a plurality of welding points to be welded on the skin plate;

installing the leveling welding wire on the welding equipment, and sequentially welding at a plurality of points to be welded;

and stripping the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate.

2. The leveling method according to claim 1, wherein after the welding of the plurality of welding points to be welded is performed in sequence, the method further comprises:

and measuring the flatness of the skin plate, and returning to and executing the step of determining a plurality of to-be-welded points on the skin plate when the flatness of the skin plate does not meet the requirement.

3. The leveling method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the skin plate is greater than or equal to 1.5mm and less than or equal to 2mm.

4. Leveling method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the ratio of the melting point of the leveling wire to the melting point of the skin sheet is less than or equal to 0.8.

5. The leveling method of claim 4, wherein the leveling wire has a melting point of 670 ℃ or less and the skin sheet has a melting point of 1500 ℃ or more.

6. The leveling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the leveling wire is an aluminum wire, and the skin sheet is a low carbon steel sheet.

7. The leveling method according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum welding wire is an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire or an aluminum silicon alloy welding wire.

8. The leveling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said welding is performed sequentially at a plurality of said welding points to be welded, including:

determining welding parameters, wherein the welding parameters comprise gas flow, welding current, wire feeding speed, arc voltage and welding duration;

and sequentially welding at the plurality of points to be welded according to the welding parameters.

9. The leveling method according to claim 8, wherein the gas flow rate is 14 to 18L/min, the welding current is 130 to 140A, the wire feed speed is 8.2 to 8.6m/min, the arc voltage is 22.2 to 22.4V, and the welding time period is 0.4 to 1.4S.

10. The leveling method according to claim 9, wherein the skin plate has a thickness of 2mm, and the leveling wire has a diameter of 1.2mm;

the gas flow is 15L/min, the welding current is 135A, the wire feeding speed is 8.4m/min, the arc voltage is 22.3V, and the welding time is 0.9S.

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