CN115834301A - Minimum mean square error channel estimation method of FBMC system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a minimum mean square error channel estimation method of an FBMC system, which belongs to the technical field of communication and comprises the following steps: at the transmitting end, the pilot frequency in the frame structure comprises 3 columns of symbols, a randomly generated pilot frequency symbol is placed in the middle column, and the other two columns of symbols are set to be 0 so as to separate the interference of the data symbols to the pilot frequency symbols. At a receiving end, a receiving signal model of a pilot frequency symbol is obtained, the correlation among noises on subcarriers is calculated, a noise autocorrelation matrix is obtained, then the channel estimation of the FBMC system is obtained by minimizing the Bayesian mean square error, and channel equalization is carried out based on the obtained channel estimation coefficient so as to recover the transmitted data symbol. The minimum mean square error channel estimation method provided by the invention can greatly improve the error rate of the FBMC system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a minimum mean square error channel estimation method of an FBMC system.
Background
Multicarrier communication techniques, and in particular Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) communication techniques, are used in wireless communications. Compared with the traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology, each subcarrier of the FBMC adopts a prototype filter with low-frequency spectrum sidelobe, so that the FBMC can better support wireless communication scenes such as asynchronous transmission and the like. In addition, the FBMC can effectively resist the influence of a multipath fading channel without inserting a cyclic prefix, and the energy efficiency and the spectrum efficiency of the multi-carrier communication system are obviously improved. However, the orthogonality condition of the FBMC system is only satisfied in the real number domain, so that imaginary interference exists between the transmitted real number symbols, and the channel estimation of the FBMC system is more complicated due to the existence of the imaginary interference. At present, the channel estimation method in the FBMC system mainly includes two types:
(1) An interference approximation method, "c.l é, p.siohan, and r.legouable,"2dB tertiary CP-OFDM with OFDM/OQAM for preamble-based channel estimation, "IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp.1302-1306, may 2008", discloses a channel estimation method based on block pilots, which has the advantage of simple implementation. However, the method does not consider the correlation between the sub-carriers of the FBMC, and can not effectively inhibit the interference of the channel noise on the channel estimation, so that the error rate of the multi-carrier communication system is high.
(2) Pilot pair method, "c.l é, j. -, p.javaudin, r.legouable, a.skrzypczak, and p.siohan," Channel estimation methods for preamble-based OFDM/OQAM modulations, "European Wireless communications configurations, pp.59-64, mar.2007," discloses a Channel estimation method based on pilot pairs, one pilot is used to determine the mathematical relationship between the amplitude and phase of the Channel frequency response, and two pilots can solve the amplitude and phase of the subcarrier Channel frequency response. The method has the advantage of low pilot overhead without inserting an inclusion space between the pilot and the data symbols, but amplifies the interference of noise, so that the performance of the multi-carrier communication system is poor.
(3) The scattered pilot method, "w.cui, d.qu, t.jiang, and b.farang-Boroujeny," Coded adaptive pilots for channel estimation in FBMC-OQAM systems, "IEEE Transactions on vehicular technology, vol.65, no.5, pp.2936-2946, may.2016," discloses a channel estimation method based on scattered pilots to eliminate interference of data symbols on channel estimation by encoding data symbols around pilots. However, the method has high encoding and decoding complexity, and the channel estimation performance based on the scattered pilot structure is poor.
In summary, the disadvantages of the current FBMC system channel estimation method include: the correlation of the sub-carriers of the FBMC system is not considered, and the error rate of the multi-carrier system is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a channel estimation method based on the Bayesian minimum mean square error criterion by combining the correlation of sub-carriers of an FBMC system, and aims to solve the problem of poor channel estimation performance of the conventional FBMC system.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a channel estimation method based on bayesian minimum mean square error criterion, including:
(1) At a transmitting end, pilot frequency in a frame structure of the FBMC comprises 3 columns of symbols, a pilot frequency symbol generated randomly is placed in the middle column, the other two columns of symbols are placed at 0, and a data symbol is placed behind the pilot frequency symbol;
(2) Multiplying the pilot symbols and data symbols of each sub-carrier by the phase rotation factor e of the FBMC transmit module j π(m+n)/2 ；
(3) Performing M/2 up-sampling on the signal multiplied by the phase rotation factor;
(4) Filtering the up-sampled signal by a prototype filter;
(5) Subcarrier modulation e of the filtered signal j2πmk/M And generating a time domain transmission signal.
Wherein, M is the number of the sub-carriers of the FBMC system, and M and n are respectively the serial number of the sub-carriers and the serial number of time.
Preferably, the non-zero pilot symbols used for channel estimation are generated by a random sequence of equal power;
preferably, the transmission signal is converted into a reception signal at the receiving end, and the demodulation process of the reception signal is as follows:
a. sub-carrier demodulation e is carried out on the received signal -j2πmk/M ；
b. Performing prototype filter filtering on the signal demodulated by the subcarrier;
c. performing M/2 down sampling on the filtered signal;
d. multiplying the down-sampled signal by a phase rotation factor e -jπ(m+n)/2 Obtaining a demodulation symbol;
e. calculating the mean value and the variance of noise in each subcarrier demodulation symbol to obtain an autocorrelation matrix of subcarrier noise;
f. and minimizing the Bayes minimum mean square error of the channel frequency response to obtain the coefficient of the channel frequency response.
h. Performing channel equalization, and dividing the demodulation symbol of each subcarrier by a channel frequency response coefficient obtained by channel estimation;
i. the signal obtained after the channel equalization is subjected to the operation of the real part, and the transmission symbol can be perfectly recovered.
Preferably, an autocorrelation matrix is calculated for the FBMC system subcarrier noise, which is correlated rather than independent.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following advantages
Has the advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a minimum mean square error channel estimation method of an FBMC system.A pilot frequency symbol at a transmitting end is generated by a random signal with equal power, and the equal power of the pilot frequency ensures the fairness of channel estimation of each subcarrier. The pilot frequency symbols are randomly generated instead of fixed sequences, so that the peak-to-average power ratio of the FBMC multi-carrier communication system is reduced, and the power amplification efficiency of the wireless communication system is improved.
(2) The minimum mean square error channel estimation method of the FBMC system considers the correlation among subcarriers. Since the orthogonality condition of the FBMC system is only satisfied in the real number domain, imaginary interference exists between adjacent subcarriers and symbols, and therefore, the noise of the demodulated symbol is not gaussian white noise independent of each other, but gaussian noise with correlation. The correlation of channel noise has a large influence on the performance of channel estimation. The channel estimation method provided by the invention is based on the Bayesian minimum mean square error criterion, considers the correlation among the sub-carrier noises of the FBMC system, and can realize good error rate performance of the communication system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a channel estimation pilot structure of an FBMC system provided by an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission and signal demodulation process of an FBMC system according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a minimum mean square error channel estimation method for an FBMC system, including:
(1) At a transmitting end, pilot frequency in a frame structure of the FBMC comprises 3 columns of symbols, wherein a pilot frequency symbol generated randomly is placed in the middle column, the other two columns of symbols are placed at 0, and a data symbol is placed behind the pilot frequency symbol;
the preset FBMC comprises M subcarriers, and the pilot symbol on the mth subcarrier is x m,1 The inclusion of a space of 0 symbols between pilot symbols and data symbols to separate the interference of the data symbols on the channel estimation, i.e. x m,0 ＝x m,2 ＝0，x m,n Is a data symbol, where n > 2;
(2) Multiplying the pilot symbols and data symbols of each sub-carrier by the phase rotation factor e of the FBMC transmit module j π(m+n)/2 ；
(3) Performing M/2 up-sampling on the signal multiplied by the phase rotation factor;
(4) Filtering the up-sampled signal by a prototype filter;
(5) Subcarrier modulation e of the filtered signal j2πmk/M And generating a time domain transmission signal.
The time domain transmission signal is
Wherein g [ k ]]A prototype filter for an FBMC system;
preferably, the non-zero pilot symbols used for channel estimation are generated by a random sequence of equal power;
preferably, the transmission signal is converted into a reception signal at the receiving end, and the demodulation process of the reception signal is:
a. sub-carrier demodulation e of the received signal -j2πmk/M ；
b. Performing prototype filter filtering on the signal demodulated by the subcarrier;
c. performing M/2 down sampling on the filtered signal;
d. multiplying the down-sampled signal by a phase rotation factor e -jπ(m+n)/2 Obtaining a demodulation symbol;
demodulated symbols can be written as
Wherein H m Is the channel frequency response of the mth sub-carrier, η m,n In order to demodulate the noise of the symbols,
is an imaginary interference term of the FBMC system, which is caused by the real number domain orthogonality condition of the FBMC system;
e. calculating the mean value and the variance of noise in each subcarrier demodulation symbol to obtain an autocorrelation matrix of subcarrier noise;
the variance of the noise of the same subcarrier is
Covariance of noise between different subcarriers is
Wherein
Is noise eta m,n E (-) is the desired operation;
f. and minimizing the Bayes minimum mean square error of the channel frequency response to obtain the coefficient of the channel frequency response.
h. Performing channel equalization, and dividing the demodulation symbol of each subcarrier by a channel frequency response coefficient obtained by channel estimation;
i. the signal obtained after the channel equalization is subjected to the operation of the real part, and the transmission symbol can be perfectly recovered.
Preferably, an autocorrelation matrix is calculated for the sub-carrier noise of the FBMC system, which is correlated rather than independent.
Preferably, the correlation between subcarriers is considered. Since the orthogonality condition of the FBMC system is only satisfied in the real number domain, imaginary interference exists between adjacent subcarriers and symbols, and therefore, the noise of the demodulated symbol is not gaussian white noise independent of each other, but gaussian noise with correlation. The correlation of channel noise has a large impact on the performance of channel estimation. The channel estimation method provided by the invention is based on the Bayesian minimum mean square error criterion, and takes the correlation among the sub-carrier noises of the FBMC system into consideration.
Examples
The embodiment provides an FBMC multi-carrier system with 2048 sub-carriers, wherein the symbol mapping mode adopts a 4QAM mapping mode, the prototype filter is a square root raised cosine filter, and the sending symbol is a m,n Wherein m is more than or equal to 0 and less than 2048 is the serial number of the subcarrier, and n is more than or equal to 0 and less than 40 is the time serial number.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a pilot structure and a signal transmission and reception method of an FBMC system, which specifically include the following steps:
(1) At a transmitting end, pilot frequency in a frame structure of the FBMC comprises 3 columns of symbols, a pilot frequency symbol generated randomly is placed in the middle column, the pilot frequency symbol is randomly 1 or-1, and the symbols in the other two columns are placed at 0;
the predetermined FBMC includes 2048 subcarriers, and the pilot symbol on the mth subcarrier is x m,1 The inclusion of a space of 0 symbols between pilot symbols and data symbols to separate the interference of the data symbols on the channel estimation, i.e. x m,0 ＝x m,2 ＝0，x m,n Is a data symbol, where n > 2;
(2) Multiplying the pilot symbols and data symbols of each sub-carrier by the phase rotation factor e of the FBMC transmit module j π(m+n)/2 To obtain a signal x m,1 e jπ(m+n)/2 ；
(3) Performing M/2 up-sampling on the signal multiplied by the phase rotation factor;
(4) Filtering the up-sampled signal by a prototype filter;
(5) Sub-carrier the filtered signalWave modulation e j2πmk/M And generating a time domain transmission signal.
The time domain transmission signal is
Wherein g [ k ]]A prototype filter for FBMC systems;
the FBMC received signal demodulation process specifically includes the following steps:
(6) Sub-carrier demodulation e of the received signal -j2πmk/M ；
(7) Performing prototype filter filtering on the signal demodulated by the subcarrier;
(8) Performing M/2 down sampling on the filtered signal;
(9) Multiplying the down-sampled signal by a phase rotation factor e -jπ(m+n)/2 Obtaining a demodulation symbol;
demodulated symbols can be written as
Wherein H m Is the channel frequency response of the mth sub-carrier, η m,n In order to demodulate the noise of the symbols,
the imaginary interference term of the FBMC system is caused by the condition of real number domain orthogonality of the FBMC system. The matrix form of the signal reception model for the pilots may be found as Y = AH + h, where
H＝[H 0 ,H 1 ,…,H 2047 ] T ，η＝[η 0,1 ,η 1,1 ,…,η 2047,1 ] T A is a diagonal matrix with dimension 2048, whose mth diagonal element is
(10) Calculating the mean value and the variance of noise in each subcarrier demodulation symbol to obtain an autocorrelation matrix of subcarrier noise;
the variance of the noise of the same subcarrier is
The covariance of the noise between different subcarriers is
Wherein
Is noise eta m,1 E (-) is the desired operation, and then the covariance matrix of all subcarrier noises can be found to be V = E (η) H )。
(11) And minimizing the Bayes minimum mean square error of the channel frequency response to obtain the coefficient of the channel frequency response.
(12) Performing channel equalization, and dividing the demodulated symbol of each subcarrier by the channel frequency response coefficient obtained by channel estimation to obtain
Wherein R is HH Is an autocorrelation matrix of the channel frequency response, A H A conjugate transpose matrix of matrix A;
(13) The signal obtained after the channel equalization is subjected to the operation of the real part, and the transmission symbol can be perfectly recovered.
In summary, the minimum mean square error channel estimation method of the FBMC system provided by the present invention considers the correlation of the subcarriers of the system, obtains the covariance matrix of the subcarrier noise, and estimates the coefficient of the channel frequency response by minimizing the bayesian minimum mean square error. The Bayes minimum mean square error criterion can effectively inhibit the interference of channel noise, so the invention can obviously improve the channel estimation of the FBMC system and improve the error rate performance of the wireless communication system.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A minimum mean square error channel estimation method for an FBMC system, comprising:
a1, at a transmitting end, pilot frequency in a frame structure of FBMC comprises 3 columns of symbols, a pilot frequency symbol generated randomly is placed in the middle column, the other two columns of symbols are placed at 0, and a data symbol is placed behind the pilot frequency symbol;
a2 multiplies pilot symbols and data symbols of each subcarrier by a phase rotation factor e of an FBMC transmission module jπ(m+n)/2 ；
A3, performing M/2 up-sampling on the signal multiplied by the phase rotation factor;
a4, filtering the up-sampled signal through a prototype filter;
a5 subcarrier modulation e is carried out on the filtered signal j2πmk/M Generating a time domain transmission signal;
wherein, M is the number of the sub-carriers of the FBMC system, and M and n are respectively the serial number of the sub-carriers and the serial number of time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission signal is converted into a reception signal at a receiving end, and the demodulation process of the reception signal is as follows:
b1, sub-carrier demodulation e is carried out on the received signal -j2πmk/M ；
B2, filtering the signal demodulated by the subcarrier by using a prototype filter;
b3, performing M/2 down sampling on the filtered signal;
b4 multiplying the down-sampled signal by a phase rotation factor e -jπ(m+n)/2 And obtaining a demodulation symbol.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the channel estimation process is:
c1, calculating the mean value and the variance of noise in each subcarrier demodulation symbol to obtain an autocorrelation matrix of subcarrier noise;
and C2, minimizing the Bayes minimum mean square error of the channel frequency response, and obtaining a coefficient of the channel frequency response.
4. The method according to claims 2 and 3, wherein the data equalization process is:
d1, dividing the demodulation symbol of each subcarrier by a channel frequency response coefficient obtained by channel estimation;
d2, the signal obtained in step D1 is subjected to the operation of the real part, so that the transmission symbol can be perfectly recovered.
5. A method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized by calculating an autocorrelation matrix of the subcarrier noises, which are correlated rather than independent.
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