CN115834069A - Scientific research project management method of intelligent contract based on block chain - Google Patents
Scientific research project management method of intelligent contract based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN115834069A CN115834069A CN202210875710.3A CN202210875710A CN115834069A CN 115834069 A CN115834069 A CN 115834069A CN 202210875710 A CN202210875710 A CN 202210875710A CN 115834069 A CN115834069 A CN 115834069A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scientific research project management method of an intelligent contract based on a block chain, which is decentralized and safe and can track and record all behaviors of a contract life cycle. The invention adopts scientific research projects of intelligent contracts based on block chains, mainly depends on the mature technologies of the block chains, the intelligent contracts, the biological feature recognition and the like, and is an electronic project management system which is decentralized and safe and can track and record all behaviors of the contract life cycle. The invention is applied to the technical field of bioengineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information engineering, in particular to a scientific research project management method of an intelligent contract based on a block chain.
Background
Scientific research project management refers to the whole-course management of projects from project application, project establishment and demonstration, organization and implementation, examination and evaluation, acceptance and verification, result declaration, scientific and technological popularization and file volume entering. The aim is to implement institutionalized and scientific management of scientific research projects, ensure the scientific research plans to be completed satisfactorily, produce achievements, talents and benefits and improve competitiveness.
The importance of project management in scientific research activities of scientific research institutes is self-evident, and the traditional project management needs handwriting signature, is easy to damage and inconvenient to look up, and is difficult to adapt to the requirements of modern scientific research work. The electronic project has the advantages that signing and management of the project become simple and convenient, but the trust problem is caused by the characteristics of easy data tampering, no paper signature and the like.
In addition, the traditional project management is complex, data is easy to tamper, paperless labels are easy to forge, and trust problems are easy to generate; the traditional project management is difficult to disclose in time, and the institutional management and effective landing of scientific research projects cannot be well realized; the conventional project management requires a long approval process and a very troublesome administrative flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a scientific research project management method of an intelligent contract based on a block chain, which is decentralized and safe and can track and record all behaviors of the contract life cycle.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention comprises the following steps:
A. a project principal who needs to sign an electronic contract of a scientific research project signs the electronic contract on the signed electronic equipment, records the biological characteristic information of the project principal through the signed electronic equipment, and generates a public key corresponding to a private key in the hand of the project principal through an intelligent contract;
B. the biological characteristics of the contract parties are secretly embedded into the public key through biological characteristic embedding, so that the data of the public key simultaneously has the information of the electronic contract and the biological characteristic information of the contract parties;
C. uploading data of the public key to a local area network, creating a block chain, creating a private chain through intelligent contract operation of the block chain, and uploading the data to a block chain network;
D. a scientific research project manager can check and approve the electronic contract on the block chain network through the block chain secret key with high authority;
E. if the audit is not passed, returning the electronic contract of the scientific research project to the project responsible person;
F. if the project is approved, the scientific research project manager with the high authority secret key carries out digital seal on the scientific research project electronic contract;
G. and after the seal is approved, establishing block chain data which simultaneously contain the biological characteristic information and the electronic contract detailed data of the project principal and the digital seal of the scientific research project manager.
Further, the management method further comprises an export service module, the export service module comprises a personal electronic device in signal connection with the blockchain network, and the export service module is used for other professors or researchers to decrypt the public key of the blockchain from the blockchain network framework through the personal electronic device after the step G and obtain part of the public information.
Furthermore, the management method further comprises a cloud secondary data maintenance module, wherein the cloud secondary data maintenance module is used for maintaining and secondarily developing data in the block chain network through an external gateway, but all processes are traceable, and the effectiveness of the electronic contract is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the management method also comprises a review function of the project principal after the audit, and the review function can obtain the complete data of the electronic contract by combining and decoding the private key of the project principal and the data of the biological feature identification through an intelligent contract algorithm and the electronic contract public key of the scientific research project on the block chain network.
Further, the signing electronic equipment comprises a computer and a biological characteristic recognizer, wherein the computer is used for signing the electronic contract, the biological characteristic recognizer is used for secretly embedding the biological characteristics of the project principal into the electronic contract, extracting the biological characteristics from the electronic contract when needed, and determining the identity of the project principal of the electronic contract.
Further, in step C, the data of the public key uploaded to the local area network generates a public key password hash string through a hash algorithm encryption function, and uploads the public key password hash string to the blockchain network.
Further, in the step D, the scientific research project manager holds the high-authority block chain key, and decrypts the public key password hash string paired on the block chain-removed network of the function through the high-authority hash algorithm, so as to regenerate the electronic contract and check and approve the electronic contract.
Further, after the step G, other professors or researchers input their own encryption keys from the blockchain network framework through the personal electronic device, decrypt the public key of the blockchain after decrypting the hash algorithm decryption function, and obtain part of the public information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the intelligent contract management system is an electronic project management system which is decentralized and safe and can track and record all behaviors of the contract life cycle, because scientific research projects of intelligent contracts based on block chains mainly depend on the mature technologies such as the block chains, the intelligent contracts and biological feature recognition; 2. the biological characteristics of the project principal can be secretly embedded into the contract through biological characteristic embedding, and the biological characteristics are extracted from the electronic contract when needed to determine the identity of the project principal of the electronic contract; 3. by means of the design of the block chain intelligent contract framework, the characteristics of distributed backup of the block chains are utilized to ensure the reality and the integrity of the project contract, and the modification, the signing and the consulting records of the life cycle of the contract are saved. The intelligent contract depends on the block chain to enable the system to automatically and forcibly execute the coded protocol, and the default risk is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of hash algorithm encryption of a scientific research project management approach based on intelligent contracts for blockchains;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for key protection of a digital seal by a one-time hash;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the effect of intelligent contract output for a scientific research project.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, the present invention includes the steps of:
A. the electronic contract is signed by a project principal who needs to sign a scientific research project electronic contract, the electronic contract is signed by the electronic equipment, the biological characteristic information of the project principal is recorded by the electronic equipment, a public key corresponding to a private key in the hands of the project principal is generated by an intelligent contract, the intelligent contract is a computer protocol, negotiation or fulfillment of the contract is promoted, verified or executed in a digital mode, the intelligent contract allows credible transaction without a third party, the intelligent contract is one of core technologies of a block chain, if the traditional contract is endorsed by laws, when default occurs, administrative strength such as courts is required to be processed, and for an intelligent calculation contract algorithm, the traditional contract is not only electronized, but the true meaning of the intelligent contract is that endorsement of the traditional contract is changed from laws into codes, once external conditions are met, the intelligent contract is automatically executed, manual intervention cannot be carried out, and the public key is forcibly decrypted and issued by a federation chain, for example;
B. the biological characteristics of the contract parties are secretly embedded into the public key through biological characteristic embedding, so that the data of the public key simultaneously has the information of the electronic contract and the biological characteristic information of the contract parties;
C. uploading data of the public key to a local area network, creating a block chain, creating a private chain through intelligent contract operation of the block chain, and uploading the data to a block chain network;
D. scientific research project managers such as college leaders, government personnel or scientific and invasive investment institutions can check and approve the electronic contract on the block chain network through the block chain secret key with high authority;
E. if the audit is not passed, returning the electronic contract of the scientific research project to the project responsible person;
F. if the project is approved, the scientific research project manager with the high authority secret key carries out digital seal on the scientific research project electronic contract;
G. and after the seal is approved, establishing block chain data which simultaneously contain the biological characteristic information and the electronic contract detailed data of the project principal and the digital seal of the scientific research project manager.
In this embodiment, the management method further includes an export service module, which includes a personal electronic device in signal connection with the blockchain network, and the export service module is configured to enable other professors or researchers to decrypt the public key of the blockchain from the blockchain network framework through the personal electronic device after step G and obtain part of the public information, such as the project name and the project principal name, and the details and confidential data of the electronic contract will not be disclosed to those persons who are not related to the project.
In this embodiment, the management method further includes a cloud secondary data maintenance module, and a cloud secondary data maintainer in the cloud secondary data maintenance module can maintain and secondarily develop data in the block chain network through the external gateway, but all processes are traceable, so that the effectiveness of the electronic contract is ensured.
In this embodiment, the management method further includes a review function of the post-audit project principal, where the review function combines and decodes the private key of the project principal and the data of the biometric feature identification with the electronic contract public key of the scientific research project on the block chain network through an intelligent contract algorithm to obtain complete data of the electronic contract.
In this embodiment, the signing electronic device includes a computer for signing the electronic contract and a biometric identifier for covertly embedding the biometric of the project principal into the electronic contract, extracting the biometric from the electronic contract when needed, and determining the identity of the project principal of the electronic contract.
In this embodiment, in the step C, the data of the public key uploaded to the local area network generates a public key password hash string through a hash algorithm encryption function, and uploads the public key password hash string to the blockchain network.
In this embodiment, in the step D, the scientific research project manager may take the high-authority blockchain key to decrypt the public key password hash string on the blockchain-removed network of the function through the high-authority hash algorithm, so as to regenerate the electronic contract and check and approve the electronic contract.
In this embodiment, after step G, other professors or researchers input their own encryption key from the blockchain network framework through the personal electronic device, decrypt the public key of the blockchain after performing hash algorithm decryption function decryption, and obtain part of the public information.
Data in a general server has a risk of being invaded and tampered by a hacker, but the present invention does not have the risk. Because the data of the present invention is directly recorded on the blockchain, the key is encrypted by the hash algorithm encryption function, if the key is cracked by hackers, whether the data of the blockchain is stolen or tampered can also be determined by Consensus mechanisms (Consensus mechanisms), which is a very easy matter to implement, because each blockchain contains an index, a timestamp, a transaction list, a certificate list and the hash value of the previous blockchain. Hash algorithm an encryption function (Hash algorithm) is an algorithm that can map binary plaintext of an arbitrary length into a shorter binary string, and different plaintexts are difficult to map into the same Hash value. The Hash function is not one-to-one mapping, and is irreversible after conversion, which means that it is impossible to restore the original value through an inverse operation and the Hash value. This means that the data that is built up in the blockchain has an easily modifiable value that, once corrupted, modifies the hash value of the entire chain (which would allow the hacker to work around). A schematic diagram of scientific research project information encrypted into a key by a hash algorithm is shown in fig. 3.
The invention uses one-time hash to encrypt and decrypt the digital seal, the used hash algorithm is MD5 and SHA1 which are most commonly used at present, and in fact, the MD5 and SHA1 algorithms are very complex, so that in practical application, if the research on the algorithm details is not favored, a corresponding library can be directly used, and the principle is shown in the following figure 4.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the project management process is simplified, centralization and safety can be achieved, and all behaviors of the life cycle of the scientific research project can be tracked and recorded;
2. the scientific research project management system based on the block chain can disclose most of the data information of the scientific research projects in time, and the purposes of justice and fairness in disclosure are achieved;
3. the scientific research project management system based on the block chain can greatly simplify the approval process and reduce the time of the administrative process.
The following are examples of the present invention:
now, in order to weave a simple blockchain to record transaction data, the data will be recorded as blocks. A block may contain any data, such as transactions, files, etc., that are linked together by a hash value.
The following is the partial source code that creates such a blockchain, the language used is Python, and the running IDE is a community version of PyCharm.
Creating a blockchain class, and initializing a control list by the constructor to store the blockchain and other transactions, wherein the class is constructed by the following steps:
each chunk chain has an index, a timestamp, a transaction list, a certificate list, and the hash value of the previous chunk. Each new chunk contains the hash value of the previous chunk. This ensures that the blockchain is not susceptible to alteration, and if an attacker breaks a previous block, all blocks that follow this block are broken.
Representation of one blockchain:
a way is needed to add transactions to and from blocks, which new _ transaction () in an embodiment of the present invention takes care of, an example of which is as follows:
in general, public key cryptography or asymmetric cryptography refers to any cryptographic system that uses paired keys. Possibly a widely spread public key, and a private key known only to the owner. The conversion process for the public and private keys is as follows:
the authentication is that the public key verifies the information sent by the paired private key holder;
encryption is the process whereby only a pair of holders of a private key can decrypt information encrypted with a public key.
Both are part of the intelligent contract, but the present invention does not address the authentication and encryption algorithms, so a simple available algorithm is written for blockchains in the example program, with rules similar to those for authentication and encryption of the intelligent contract mentioned above. When doing the hash operation, find a p to let the hash value of the block have 4 leading 0 s, i.e., beginning with 0000. The exemplary embodiment code is as follows:
the method for conducting transaction on the blockchain is to create a transaction on the local area network, modify data on the blockchain according to a transaction result, and generate a new chain:
the data marking point is a special user for adding a new chain space to the whole block chain, the node address is increased by mining a new block, and the data marking point needs to do the following three things:
1. demonstration of calculation work
2. Adding a new hash value to a transacted node
3. Adding blocks into a chain
The meaning of the number of nodes of the block chain is increased probably through hash operation, and information such as the user and the time stamp of the operation is recorded in the meaning bar on the chain. The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
it is necessary for other nodes to know that a new node has arrived on the blockchain network. Each node in the blockchain network should have all nodes registered in the network, and therefore, a routing function is needed to implement (endpoints).
In the embodiment, the intelligent contract output effect of the scientific research project is shown in fig. 5:
in FIG. 5, sender address is the address of the sender
Recipient address is the Recipient address
AMount to send is the transaction Amount
The Transaction signature is a digital signature
The Blockchain node URL is a Blockchain node URL.
The contract content of the transaction is then also encrypted into data that is recorded together on the blockchain.
The invention is applied to the technical field of information engineering.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in terms of practical embodiments, they are not to be construed as limiting the meaning of the present invention, and modifications of the embodiments and combinations with other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present description.
Claims (8)
1. A scientific research project management method of an intelligent contract based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. a project principal who needs to sign an electronic contract of a scientific research project signs the electronic contract on the signed electronic equipment, records the biological characteristic information of the project principal through the signed electronic equipment, and generates a public key corresponding to a private key in the hand of the project principal through an intelligent contract;
B. embedding the biological characteristics of the contract parties into the public key in a concealed manner through biological characteristic embedding, so that the data of the public key simultaneously has the information of the electronic contract and the biological characteristic information of the contract parties;
C. uploading data of the public key to a local area network, creating a block chain, creating a private chain through intelligent contract operation of the block chain, and uploading the data to a block chain network;
D. a scientific research project manager can check and approve the electronic contract on the block chain network through the block chain secret key with high authority;
E. if the audit is not passed, returning the electronic contract of the scientific research project to the project responsible person;
F. if the project is approved, the scientific research project manager with the high authority secret key carries out digital seal on the scientific research project electronic contract;
G. and after the seal is approved, establishing block chain data which simultaneously contain the biological characteristic information and the electronic contract detailed data of the project principal and the digital seal of the scientific research project manager.
2. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management method further comprises an export service module, wherein the export service module comprises a personal electronic device in signal connection with the blockchain network, and the export service module is used for other professors or researchers to decrypt the public key of the blockchain from the blockchain network framework through the personal electronic device after the step G and obtain part of the public information.
3. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management method further comprises a cloud secondary data maintenance module, wherein the cloud secondary data maintenance module is used for maintaining and secondarily developing data in the block chain network through the external gateway, but all processes are traceable, and the effectiveness of the electronic contract is guaranteed.
4. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management method also comprises a review function of the checked project principal, wherein the review function can obtain complete data of the electronic contract by combining and decoding the private key of the project principal and the data of biological characteristic identification through an intelligent contract algorithm and the electronic contract public key of the scientific research project on the block chain network.
5. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the signing electronic equipment comprises a computer and a biological characteristic recognizer, wherein the computer is used for signing the electronic contract, the biological characteristic recognizer is used for secretly embedding the biological characteristics of the project principal into the electronic contract, and extracting the biological characteristics from the electronic contract when needed to determine the identity of the project principal of the electronic contract.
6. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step C, the data of the public key uploaded to the local area network generates a public key password hash string through a hash algorithm encryption function, and the public key password hash string is uploaded to the block chain network.
7. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and D, the scientific research project manager in the step D holds the high-authority block chain secret key and decrypts the public key password hash word string matched on the block chain removing network of the function through the high-authority hash algorithm, so that the electronic contract is regenerated and checked and approved.
8. The method for managing scientific research projects based on intelligent contracts of blockchains according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and G, after inputting the own encryption key from the block chain network framework through the personal electronic equipment, decrypting the public key of the block chain by using a Hash algorithm decryption function and obtaining part of public information by other professors or researchers.
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