CN115833889A - Beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scene and corresponding device - Google Patents

Beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scene and corresponding device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115833889A
CN115833889A CN202211329296.2A CN202211329296A CN115833889A CN 115833889 A CN115833889 A CN 115833889A CN 202211329296 A CN202211329296 A CN 202211329296A CN 115833889 A CN115833889 A CN 115833889A
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target
beamlet
radio frequency
base station
fine
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刘岩松
胡敏
赵耀
姚睿
濮阳
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China Telecom Corp Ltd
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China Telecom Corp Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The application provides a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene and a corresponding device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: all the thin beams in the target thick beam where the current communication thin beam of the receiving end is located and all the thin beams in at least two thick beams adjacent to the target thick beam are used as the beam range of diamond search, a first target thin beam corresponding to a first radio frequency link is determined in a diamond search mode, the thin beams used by the first radio frequency link are switched by the first target thin beam, and meanwhile, the thin beams used by other radio frequency links are determined based on the first target thin beam.

Description

Beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scene and corresponding device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a beam switching method and a corresponding apparatus based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario.
Background
In B5G (Beyond 5G, the next 5 generations of mobile communications) and 6G (the sixth generation of mobile communications) scenarios, the deployment of very large scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) becomes crucial. The number of the wave beams of the base station and the user communication is large, the wave beams are narrow, and whether the user can ensure normal communication when moving at a high speed directly influences the user experience.
The beam switching in the traditional scheme has high complexity and untimely switching, and can directly influence the user perception rate. Therefore, how to implement beam switching with low complexity, fast speed and in time is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed to provide a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario and a corresponding apparatus, which overcome or at least partially solve the above problems, and the method includes:
a wave beam switching method based on diamond search under a high-speed mobile scene is applied to a receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, a corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal, and the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end by adopting a target fine beam set, wherein the target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in a target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of a receiving end is positioned and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam;
determining a target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the target beamlet set;
performing diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement diagram, and determining a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end;
switching the thin beam used by the first radio frequency link by adopting the first target thin beam;
determining second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links except the first radio frequency link at the receiving end according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram and the first target beamlets;
and switching the thin beam used by the other corresponding radio frequency link by adopting the second target thin beam.
A beam switching device based on diamond search in a high-speed moving scene is applied to a receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, a corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal, and the device comprises:
a pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end by using a target fine beam set, where the target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam;
a target arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the target beamlet set;
a first target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement diagram, and determine a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end;
a first target beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlet used by the first radio frequency link by using the first target beamlet;
a second target beamlet determination module, configured to determine, according to the target beamlet alignment map and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to the other radio frequency link except the first radio frequency link at the receiving end;
and the second target beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other radio frequency link by adopting the second target thin beam.
A beam switching system based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene is characterized by comprising a user terminal and a base station;
the user terminal includes:
a first pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the base station by using a first target fine beam set, where the first target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a first target coarse beam in which a fine beam currently communicated by the user terminal is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam;
a first arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a first target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the first target beamlet set;
a first terminal target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the first target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first terminal target beamlet corresponding to a first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal;
a first terminal beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlet used by the first terminal radio frequency link by using the first terminal target beamlet;
a second terminal target beam determining module, configured to determine, according to the first target beamlet arrangement diagram and the first terminal target beamlet, a second terminal target beamlet corresponding to a terminal radio frequency link other than the first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal;
the second terminal beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding fine beam used by the other terminal radio frequency link by adopting the second terminal target fine beam;
a second pilot signal sending module, configured to send a pilot signal to the base station based on the switched beamlet;
the base station includes:
a first pilot signal sending module, configured to send a pilot signal to the user terminal;
a second pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the user terminal by using a second target fine beam set, where the second target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a second target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the base station is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam;
a second arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a second target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the second target beamlet set;
a first base station target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the second target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first base station target beamlet corresponding to a first base station radio frequency link of the base station;
a first base station beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlets used by the first base station radio frequency link by using the first base station target beamlets;
a second base station target beam determining module, configured to determine, according to the second target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target fine beam, a second base station target fine beam corresponding to a base station radio frequency link of the base station other than the first base station radio frequency link;
and the second base station beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other base station radio frequency link by adopting the second base station target thin beam.
An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored on the memory and being executable on the processor, the computer program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method for beam switching based on diamond search in a high speed moving scenario as described above.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, realizes the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed moving scene as described above.
The application has the following advantages:
in the embodiment of the application, a receiving end receives a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end by adopting a target fine beam set, wherein the target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in a target coarse beam where a current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam; determining a target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set; performing diamond search on the thin beams in the target thin beam arrangement diagram, and determining a first target thin beam corresponding to a first radio frequency link of a receiving end; switching the thin beam used by the first radio frequency link by adopting the first target thin beam; determining second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links except the first radio frequency link at the receiving end according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram and the first target beamlets; and switching the thin beams used by the corresponding other radio frequency links by adopting the second target thin beam. According to the method and the device, the first target thin beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link is determined in a diamond search mode, the second target thin beam used by other radio frequency links is determined based on the first target thin beam, the search area and the search times during beam switching can be reduced, the beam switching complexity can be remarkably reduced, the beam switching time is reduced, and therefore normal communication quality is guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a beam in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transceiver according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a communication flow chart between a base station and a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a target beamlet alignment chart in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of search ranges of optimal communication beams corresponding to other rf links in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of complexity and complexity of a traversal search algorithm according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating performance curves according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a block diagram of a beam switching apparatus based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without inventive step, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Due to the high loss of the millimeter wave frequency band, the communication system needs to resist the path loss by the beam forming gain obtained by deploying the ultra-large scale antenna array in the later 5G or 6G period. After the super-large-scale antenna array is deployed, the base station and the terminal use narrow beams for communication, and the more the number of antennas is, the narrower the beam width is. This means that the base station and the terminal need to find the best or better beam pair to communicate with each other during communication, so that the spectrum efficiency is higher (intuitively perceived as higher uplink and downlink rates).
If the user is in a stationary or slow moving state, such as in a home, an office, a restaurant, or the like, the channel changes very slowly, there is more time for the beam search (finding the best communication beam pair between the base station and the user), and the user perception is relatively good. If the user is in a high-speed moving scene such as high-speed driving, high-speed rail and the like, the channel characteristic changes rapidly, and the base station and the user need to perform beam switching to ensure normal communication. In a super-large-scale MIMO scene, more and narrower communication beams mean that the base station needs to spend more time and frequency domain resources to perform beam search with the user, and if the communication beams between the base station and the user are not switched timely, the perception rate of the user is reduced, and service interruption and user satisfaction are reduced in serious cases. The existing scheme can not meet the requirement of a practical system for low time delay of beam switching under a super-large scale MIMO scene.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene. One of the main technical ideas of the embodiments of the present application is that, by using all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam as the beam ranges of the diamond search, a first target fine beam corresponding to a first radio frequency link is determined in a diamond search manner, and the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link is switched by using the first target fine beam, and meanwhile, the fine beams used by other radio frequency links are determined based on the first target fine beam, so that the search area and the search times during beam switching can be reduced, the beam switching complexity can be significantly reduced, and the beam switching time can be reduced, thereby ensuring the normal communication quality.
For ease of understanding, the concept of coarse and fine beams is first introduced before the specific implementation steps are explained. Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of at least part of beams generated by an antenna array is shown, in fig. 1, an outermost beam is a coarse beam in a certain direction, and a plurality of beams included in the coarse beam are fine beams included in a direction corresponding to the coarse beam.
Referring to fig. 2, a flowchart of steps of a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene is shown, where the method is applied to a receiving end, and it can be understood that an execution subject of the method is receiving end equipment. When the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding transmitting end is a base station; and when the receiving end is the base station, the corresponding transmitting end is the user terminal. In an embodiment of the present application, the method may include the steps of:
step 201, a target fine beam set is adopted to receive a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end, wherein the target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a target coarse beam where a current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.
The pilot signal is a known signal, and is provided by the transmitting end to the receiving end for channel estimation or channel sounding.
Considering that in a high-mobility or ultra-high-speed mobility scenario, an optimal beam used by each radio frequency link of a receiving end may not be in a target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam is located, and in order to ensure that a final switched beam is the optimal beam, in this embodiment of the present application, the receiving end receives a pilot signal transmitted by a corresponding transmitting end by using a target fine beam set composed of all fine beams in the target coarse beam in which the current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam, so as to subsequently determine the optimal beam used by each radio frequency link of the receiving end from the target fine beam set.
The number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam and included in the target fine beam set may be set according to actual conditions, including setting by related personnel according to experience. For example, the target fine beam set may be composed of all fine beams in a target coarse beam in which the receiving end currently communicates with the fine beam, and all fine beams in two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.
Alternatively, in a case where the number of beamlets included in each coarse beam is constant, the number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam included in the target fine beam set may be related to the precision of a single beam, i.e. the precision of a single fine beam, and generally, the higher the precision of a single fine beam, the larger the number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam; conversely, the lower the accuracy of a single fine beam, the smaller the number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.
Step 202, determining a target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the target beamlet set.
After the target beamlet set of the receiving end is obtained, the beamlets in the beamlet set can be logically arranged according to a preset rule to obtain a target beamlet arrangement diagram.
For example, the beamlets in the target beamlet set may be mapped to grid points of a preset arrangement pattern according to a preset rule, so as to obtain a target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the target beamlet set.
The preset arrangement diagram is a square grid diagram, and the number of grid points of the preset arrangement diagram is the same as the number of the beamlets in the target beamlet set. And, the grid points in the preset arrangement diagram can be regarded as circularly shifted points, it can be understood that each grid point in the preset arrangement diagram has 4 adjacent grid points, and in this embodiment, two adjacent grid points means that the distance between the two grid points is equal to the side length of a single square grid.
In this embodiment, each coarse beam and each fine beam has a corresponding sequence number, which is associated with the spatial position of the corresponding beam. For example, when the set of thin beams includes three thick beams (a target thick beam where the thin beam currently communicated by the receiving end is located and two thick beams adjacent to the target thick beam), assuming that the serial number of the target thick beam is 4, the serial numbers of the two thick beams adjacent to the target thick beam are 3 and 5, respectively; assuming that each coarse beam contains 27 fine beams, the 27 fine beams in each coarse beam have sequence numbers 1-27, respectively.
Specifically, starting from any one of the grid points of the preset arrangement diagram, the thin beams in the thin beam set are sequentially corresponding to the grid points of the preset arrangement diagram according to a corresponding sequence number sequence, that is, two thin beams adjacent to each other in the sequence number sequence respectively correspond to two adjacent grid points in the preset arrangement diagram, so as to obtain the target thin beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target thin beam set.
The beamlets in the beamlet set are sequentially mapped to the grid points of the preset alignment chart according to the corresponding sequence number sequence, may be sequentially mapped to the grid points of the preset alignment chart according to the sequence number from low to high, or sequentially mapped to the grid points of the preset alignment chart according to the sequence number from high to low.
Alternatively, the grids of the preset arrangement diagram may also be numbered, and the beamlets in the target beamlet set correspond to the grids of the preset arrangement diagram one-to-one according to the grid numbering sequence and the beamlet number sequence in the target beamlet set, so as to obtain the target beamlet grid diagram.
Step 203, performing diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determining a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end.
Processing the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement pattern in a diamond search manner, and determining a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link at a receiving end from the target beamlet arrangement pattern, wherein the first target beamlet is the optimal communication beamlet of the first radio frequency link.
In an optional embodiment of the present application, the performing a diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement pattern to determine a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end may include:
randomly selecting a thin beam from the target thin beam arrangement diagram as a search center, performing diamond search on the target thin beam arrangement diagram based on the search center, and determining a plurality of diamond areas in the target thin beam arrangement diagram;
calculating the spectral efficiency of the thin beams positioned on the sides of the diamond-shaped areas aiming at each diamond-shaped area to obtain the sum of the spectral efficiency of the diamond-shaped areas;
determining the diamond-shaped area with the highest spectral efficiency as a target diamond-shaped area;
determining the spectral efficiency of each beamlet in the target diamond region, and determining the beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the target diamond region as a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end.
In this embodiment, a beamlet is randomly selected from the target beamlet arrangement map as a search center, that is, a lattice point is randomly selected from the target beamlet arrangement map as a search center, where the search center may be understood as a vertex of a diamond-shaped region or may be understood as a center point of the diamond-shaped region, and a plurality of diamond-shaped regions in the target beamlet arrangement map may be determined by performing a diamond-shaped search on the target beamlet arrangement map based on the search center. Specifically, taking the search center as one vertex of the diamond-shaped region as an example, according to the shape characteristics of the diamond, four diamond-shaped regions with the search center as the vertex may be determined, after the four diamond-shaped regions are determined, the target beamlet arrangement pattern may be continuously searched with the vertex in each diamond-shaped region as a new search center, and finally, a plurality of diamond-shaped regions in the target beamlet arrangement pattern are obtained. It can be understood that, for a beamlet, when the lattice point corresponding to the beamlet is a lattice point inside a diamond-shaped region, only at most one diamond-shaped region can be determined according to the beamlet.
In order to reduce the amount of calculation, in the alternative embodiment of the present application, the diamond search is specifically a large diamond search, and it can be understood that the determined diamond area includes a plurality of lattice points inside, that is, the diamond area includes a plurality of beamlets inside. Illustratively, each diamond-shaped area has 8 search points, i.e., a total of 8 grid points on the sides of each diamond-shaped area, with 5 grid points within each diamond-shaped area, one grid point for each beamlet.
After determining the plurality of diamond-shaped regions in the target beamlet alignment map, the search point of each diamond-shaped region may be determined, i.e., the beamlet on the side of each diamond-shaped region is determined, and the spectral efficiency of each beamlet located on the side of the diamond-shaped region is calculated.
For each diamond-shaped region, the spectral efficiencies of all beamlets on the sides of the diamond-shaped region may be accumulated to obtain a sum of the spectral efficiencies of the diamond-shaped region.
It should be noted that, in the process of calculating the spectral efficiency of the beamlets on the sides of each diamond-shaped region, for the beamlets shared by different diamond-shaped regions, the corresponding spectral efficiency only needs to be calculated once.
After the sum of the spectral efficiencies of each diamond-shaped region is obtained, the highest sum of the spectral efficiencies can be determined, and the diamond-shaped region with the highest sum of the spectral efficiencies is determined as the target diamond-shaped region.
After the target diamond-shaped area is determined, the spectral efficiency of each beamlet of the target diamond-shaped area needs to be calculated, and since the spectral efficiency of the beamlets on the side of the target diamond-shaped area has been calculated previously, only the spectral efficiency of the beamlets inside the target diamond-shaped area needs to be calculated at this time. After the spectral efficiency of each beamlet in the target diamond region is obtained, the highest spectral efficiency can be determined, and the beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency is determined as the first target beamlet corresponding to the first radio frequency link.
Step 204, the first target fine beam is adopted to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link.
After the first target beamlets corresponding to the first radio frequency link are determined, the beamlets used by the first radio frequency link are switched by the first target beamlets, that is, the beamlets used by the first radio frequency link are switched to the first target beamlets.
Step 205, determining second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end except the first radio frequency link according to the target beamlet arrangement pattern and the first target beamlets.
After determining the first target beamlet corresponding to the first radio frequency link, second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links may be determined according to the target beamlet arrangement pattern and the first target beamlet. That is, after the first target beamlet is determined, specific position information of the first target beamlet in the target beamlet arrangement pattern may be obtained, and then, according to the specific position information of the first target beamlet and position information of other beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement pattern, second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links are determined. It is to be understood that the second target beamlet corresponding to each other radio frequency link is the best communication beam of the other radio frequency link.
The number of the radio frequency links at the receiving end may be multiple, for example, 2, 4, etc., each radio frequency link has a corresponding link sequence, for example, when there are 2 radio frequency links, the radio frequency links are a first radio frequency link and a second radio frequency link, respectively, it can be understood that the link sequence of the first radio frequency link is 1, and the link sequence of the second radio frequency link is 2; when there are 4 radio frequency links, which are a first radio frequency link, a second radio frequency link, a third radio frequency link, and a fourth radio frequency link, it can be understood that the link sequence of the first radio frequency link is 1, the link sequence of the second radio frequency link is 2, the link sequence of the third radio frequency link is 3, and the link sequence of the fourth radio frequency link is 4. In this embodiment of the present application, the optimal communication beam of each radio frequency link may be sequentially determined according to a link order of the radio frequency links, that is, the second target beamlets corresponding to each other radio frequency link may be sequentially determined according to the link order.
In an optional embodiment of the present application, the determining, according to the target beamlet arrangement pattern and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to another radio frequency link of the receiving end except the first radio frequency link includes:
determining the spectral efficiency of the candidate beamlets within the preset range of the first target beamlet according to the target beamlet arrangement pattern;
determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequences of the other radio frequency links;
for other radio frequency links in the current link sequence, determining a target candidate beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the remaining candidate beamlets as a second target beamlet of the other radio frequency links in the current link sequence, and deleting the target candidate beamlet from the candidate beamlets;
and if other radio frequency links of the second target sub-beam are not determined, returning to the step of determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequence of the other radio frequency links and continuing to execute the step.
In this embodiment, according to the position of the first target beamlet in the target beamlet arrangement map, candidate beamlets of the first target beamlet within a preset range in the target beamlet arrangement map may be determined, and the spectral efficiency of each candidate beamlet may be calculated, and if the spectral efficiency of a candidate beamlet has been calculated in the process of determining the first target beamlet, there is no need to repeat the calculation. In an example, the preset range may be an area range formed by 4 square grids with the grid point corresponding to the first target beamlet as a vertex, or may be an area range formed by 16 square grids with the grid point corresponding to the first target beamlet as a center, and the preset range may be specifically determined according to actual requirements.
And after the spectrum efficiency of each candidate thin beam is obtained, sequentially determining second target thin beams corresponding to each other radio frequency link according to the link sequence of other radio frequency links.
Specifically, since the other radio frequency links are the radio frequency links other than the first radio frequency link, the link order of the other radio frequency links starts from 2, that is, initially, the other radio frequency links in the current link order are the second radio frequency links, the remaining candidate beamlets are all the candidate beamlets at this time, and the target candidate beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency is determined as the second target beamlet corresponding to the second radio frequency link; while the target candidate beamlet is deleted from the candidate beamlets.
If there are 4 radio frequency links, that is, other radio frequency links include a second radio frequency link, a third radio frequency link, and a fourth radio frequency link, at this time, there are other radio frequency links for which the second target beamlet is not determined, and therefore, other radio frequency links in the current link order are continuously determined, at this time, other radio frequency links in the current link order are the third radio frequency links, and at this time, the remaining candidate beamlets do not include the second target beamlet corresponding to the second radio frequency link. Marking the candidate fine beam with the highest spectrum efficiency in the rest candidate fine beams as a target candidate fine beam, and determining a second target fine beam which is not corresponding to the third radio frequency link by using the target candidate fine beam; simultaneously deleting the target candidate beamlets from the candidate beamlets; similarly, second target beamlets corresponding to the remaining other radio frequency links may be determined.
It may be understood that, in this embodiment, according to the link order of the other radio frequency links, the candidate beamlet with the highest spectrum efficiency is sequentially selected from the currently selectable candidate beamlets as the second target beamlet corresponding to the other radio frequency link in the current link order. The currently selectable candidate beamlets refer to beamlets of the candidate beamlets except for second target beamlets determined to correspond to other radio frequency links.
In this embodiment, by determining the second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links within the preset range of the first target beamlet, only one calculation is needed, and the efficiency of determining the optimal communication beam can be improved.
In another optional embodiment of the present application, the determining, according to the target beamlet alignment map and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to another radio frequency link of the receiving end except the first radio frequency link includes:
determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequences of the other radio frequency links; the current link order starts at 2;
according to the target fine beam arrangement diagram, determining the frequency spectrum efficiency of target fine beams and alternative fine beams within a preset range corresponding to the radio frequency link of the previous link sequence; the target beamlets comprise first target beamlets and second target beamlets;
and determining the target candidate beamlets with the highest spectral efficiency in the candidate beamlets as second target beamlets of other radio frequency links in the current link sequence.
In this embodiment, since the other radio frequency links are radio frequency links other than the first radio frequency link, the link order of the other radio frequency links starts from 2, that is, initially, the current link order is 2, at this time, the radio frequency link in the previous link order is marked as the first radio frequency link, and the target beamlet corresponding to the radio frequency link in the previous link order is the first target beamlet.
According to the position of the first target beamlet in the target beamlet arrangement map, candidate beamlets of the first target beamlet within a preset range in the target beamlet arrangement map can be determined, and the spectral efficiency of each candidate beamlet is calculated, and if the spectral efficiency of the candidate beamlet has been calculated in the process of determining the first target beamlet, the calculation does not need to be repeated. In an example, the preset range may be an area range formed by 4 square grids with the grid point corresponding to the first target beamlet as the vertex, or may also be an area range formed by 16 square grids with the grid point corresponding to the first target beamlet as the center, and the like, and may be specifically determined according to actual requirements.
And determining a target candidate beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the candidate beamlets as a second target beamlet of the second radio frequency link.
After the best communication beam of the second radio frequency link is determined, the current link sequence is 3, at this time, other radio frequency links of the current link sequence are third radio frequency links, the radio frequency link of the previous link sequence is the second radio frequency link, and the target beamlet corresponding to the radio frequency link of the previous link sequence is the second target beamlet of the second radio frequency link.
The same process as that of determining the spectral efficiency of the candidate beamlets of the first target beamlet within the preset range according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram as described above may be performed, so as to determine the spectral efficiency of the candidate beamlets corresponding to the second target beamlet of the second radio frequency link, and determine the target candidate beamlet having the highest spectral efficiency in the candidate beamlets corresponding to the second target beamlet of the second radio frequency link as the second target beamlet of the third radio frequency link; similarly, second target beamlets of the remaining other radio frequency links may be determined.
It can be understood that, according to the link sequence of other radio frequency links, the present embodiment searches for the best communication beam of other radio frequency links in the current link sequence with the best communication beam corresponding to the radio frequency link in the previous link sequence as the center in turn, so as to improve the accuracy of the determined best communication beam.
And step 206, switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other radio frequency link by using the second target thin beam.
And after the second target fine wave beam corresponding to each other radio frequency link is determined, the wave beam used by each other radio frequency link is switched into the corresponding second target fine wave beam.
Further, the method may further include:
transmitting a signal to the corresponding transmitting end based on the first target beamlets and the second target beamlets.
It can be understood that, when the receiving end switches the beam used by each radio frequency link to the corresponding optimal communication beam determined by the above steps, the receiving end uses the switched beam for subsequent communication.
The receiving end of the embodiment of the application receives the pilot signal sent by the corresponding sending end by adopting the target fine beam set, wherein the target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in a target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam; determining a target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set; performing diamond search on the thin beams in the target thin beam arrangement diagram, and determining a first target thin beam corresponding to a first radio frequency link of a receiving end; switching the thin beam used by the first radio frequency link by adopting the first target thin beam; determining second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links except the first radio frequency link at the receiving end according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram and the first target beamlets; switching the corresponding fine beam used by other radio frequency links by adopting a second target fine beam; the method can reduce the search area and the search times during beam switching, can obviously reduce the complexity of beam switching, and reduces the beam switching time, thereby ensuring the normal communication quality.
Based on any one of the foregoing embodiments, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching beams based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, where the method includes the following steps:
a base station sends a pilot signal to a user terminal;
the user terminal receives a pilot signal sent by the base station by adopting a first target fine beam set, wherein the first target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in a first target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the user terminal is positioned and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam;
the user terminal determines a first target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the first target beamlet set;
the user terminal performs diamond search on the beamlets in the first target beamlet arrangement pattern to determine first terminal target beamlets corresponding to a first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal;
the user terminal adopts the first terminal target thin beam to switch the thin beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link;
the user terminal determines second terminal target beamlets corresponding to other terminal radio frequency links of the user terminal except the first terminal radio frequency link according to the first target beamlet arrangement diagram and the first terminal target beamlets;
the user terminal adopts the second terminal target thin beam to switch the thin beam used by the other corresponding terminal radio frequency link;
the user terminal sends a pilot signal to the base station based on the switched fine wave beam;
the base station receives a pilot signal sent by the user terminal by adopting a second target fine beam set, wherein the second target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in a second target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the base station is positioned and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the second target coarse beam;
the base station determines a second target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the second target beamlet set;
the base station performs diamond search on the thin beams in the second target thin beam arrangement diagram, and determines a first base station target thin beam corresponding to a first base station radio frequency link of the base station;
the base station adopts the first base station target fine beam to switch the fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link;
the base station determines second base station target fine beams corresponding to other base station radio frequency links except the first base station radio frequency link according to the second target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target fine beams;
and the base station adopts the second base station target fine beam to switch the fine beam used by the radio frequency link of the other corresponding base station.
In order to distinguish the radio frequency link of the user terminal from the radio frequency link of the base station, in the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency link of the user terminal is denoted as a terminal radio frequency link, and the radio frequency link of the base station is denoted as a base station radio frequency link. Specifically, the beam switching method based on diamond search in the high-speed mobile scenario provided in this embodiment includes that the user terminal side implements optimal communication beam switching and the base station side implements optimal communication beam switching, where a process of implementing optimal communication beam switching by the user terminal and the base station is the same as that of the beam switching method based on diamond search in the high-speed mobile scenario provided in any of the embodiments, and for specific description, reference may be made to the foregoing description, and details are not repeated here.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments are not limited by the order of acts described, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently depending on the embodiments. Further, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required of the embodiments of the application.
The method of any of the above embodiments is further illustrated below with a specific example:
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment takes as an example an analog-digital hybrid downlink single cell system in which one transceiver uses a partial connection structure, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is not limited to being applied to a scenario in which both transceivers use a partial connection structure, but is also applicable to a scenario in which both transceivers use a full connection structure.
The base station of the sending end mainly comprises a digital pre-coding part at the rear end of the radio frequency link and an analog pre-coding part at the front end of the radio frequency link; the receiving end terminal, i.e. the user terminal, is mainly composed of an analog merging part at the front end of the link and a digital merging part at the rear end of the radio frequency link. Base station side is provided with N BS A root antenna connected to M in a partially connected manner BS A single terminal is served on each radio frequency link, and N is connected on each radio frequency link RF_BS A root antenna; the receiving end is provided with N MS Root antenna connected to M in the same manner MS N is connected on each radio frequency link RF_MS Root antennas supporting transmission N in communication s Stripe data stream (N) s ≥1)。
At the transmitting end (base station side), the dimension is N s The complex-valued symbol s of x1 first passes through the dimension M BS ×N s Base band (digital) precoding matrix F BB Performing digital precoding with dimension N BS ×M BS Radio frequency (analog) precoding matrix F RF After analog pre-coding, can be started from N BS The root antenna transmits in a beam. Therefore, the complex-valued signal transmitted by the transmitting end (base station side) can be obtained by equation (1-1):
x＝F RF F BB s (1-1)
wherein the transmission signal s must satisfy
Figure BDA0003912628060000161
ρ is the average transmission power.
At the receiving end (terminal side), N MS The signal received by the root antenna first passes through the dimension N MS ×M MS Radio frequency (analog) combiner W of RF Performing analog combination, when the passing dimension of the received signal is M MS ×N s Baseband (digital) combiner W of BB To carry out figuresAnd after the data are combined, the data sent by the sending end can be obtained. The received data y may be given by:
Figure BDA0003912628060000171
wherein H is a dimension of N MS ×N BS Is defined as the equivalent baseband channel of the terminal as
Figure BDA0003912628060000172
n is additive white Gaussian noise, obeys mean value of 0 and variance of sigma 2 Complex gaussian distribution.
Under partial connection, F RF Is a matrix with a special diagonal matrix structure, and is expressed as
Figure BDA0003912628060000173
Wherein
Figure BDA0003912628060000174
i∈{1,…,M BS And represents a non-zero precoding weighting vector of the ith sub-array of the base station. Since the analog precoder cannot adjust the amplitude of the signal at the transmitting end, it is limited by power, F RF Each element in (1) must satisfy
Figure BDA0003912628060000175
j∈{1,…,N RF_BS Are multiplied by
Figure BDA0003912628060000176
‖·‖ F Is Frobenius norm.
In a similar manner to that described above,
Figure BDA0003912628060000177
wherein
Figure BDA0003912628060000178
i∈{1,…,M MS Denotes the non-zero combined weight vector of the ith sub-array of the user. W RF Each of whichThe elements must satisfy
Figure BDA0003912628060000179
The mixed beam former is composed of the digital pre-coding matrix F of the base band BB /merge matrix W BB And an analog precoding matrix F of the radio frequency end RF /merge matrix W RF And (4) forming. The design of the hybrid beamformer usually adopts a two-step approach, i.e. the originating analog precoding matrix F is first designed according to the actual channel H RF And receiving end analog merging matrix W RF Then according to the equivalent baseband channel
Figure BDA00039126280600001711
Designing originating digital precoding matrix F BB And receiving end digital merging matrix W BB . Analog precoding matrix F RF And merge matrix W RF The design of (2) is usually realized by adopting a beam searching method based on a codebook, and the codebook can be a plurality of codebooks. For example, the analog precoder and the combiner respectively traverse a predetermined beamforming codebook set, and select the optimal beamforming vector combination and the optimal combining vector combination that maximize the spectral efficiency to construct an analog precoding matrix and an analog combining matrix, respectively. The beamforming codebook set used in the present application may be a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) codebook, where the weighting coefficient Q of the nth antenna in the mth codeword in the DFT codebook is m,n Is given by the formula (1-3):
Figure BDA00039126280600001710
wherein, M is the number of code words, N is the number of antennas connected to each radio frequency link, and the codebook set is a set including all code words of the codebook, where the number of code words is equal to the number of antennas. Codebook at base station end has N in total RF_BS Each code word, codebook of user end has N RF_MS A code word.
How to determine the analog precoding and combining matrix is one of the difficulties in beam search, therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching beams based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, so as to determine the analog beamforming matrix based on the switched beams.
The embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching beams based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, where both transceivers may adopt a partial connection structure, fig. 4 is a communication flow diagram between a base station and a user terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 4, a main communication flow between the base station and the user terminal mainly includes two stages: first stage determination of an analog combining matrix W RF And an analog precoding matrix F RF (ii) a Second stage using the determined W RF /F RF Communication is performed.
The first stage may further comprise the main steps of:
a base station sends a reference signal to a user terminal in an omnidirectional way;
the user terminal determines the optimal switching beam of the first radio frequency link, namely a first terminal target beamlet, by using diamond search; the optimal switching wave beam used by the radio frequency link of other terminals is searched near the optimal switching wave beam to obtain the optimal switching wave beam, and the analog combining matrix W is determined RF ；
The user terminal directionally transmits a reference signal to the base station by using the optimal simulation wave beam;
the base station determines the optimal switching beam of a first base station radio frequency link, namely a first base station target fine beam, by using diamond search; the optimal switching wave beam used by other base station radio frequency links is searched near the optimal switching wave beam to obtain the optimal switching wave beam, and the analog pre-coding matrix F is determined RF 。
Wherein, the simulation merging matrix W is determined RF In the process of (a), the user terminal may execute the beam switching method based on diamond search in the high-speed mobile scenario provided in the foregoing embodiment, and in a specific example, the method may be summarized as: the base station sends a reference signal to the user terminal, and the user terminal receives the coarse beam in which the current communication fine beam is positioned and two adjacent coarse beams, wherein the coarse beams comprise a plurality of fine beams; performing a diamond search in the beamlets to determine the RF link utilization of the first terminalThe handover beamlet, also called the best communication beamlet of the first terminal radio frequency link, is the first terminal target beamlet. Subsequently, the other terminal radio frequency links search near the best communication beamlet determined by the first terminal radio frequency link, and determine the best handover beamlet used by all terminal radio frequency links.
Take two terminal radio frequency links as an example: the base station sends a pilot signal to the user terminal, the user terminal receives the coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located and two adjacent coarse beams, diamond search is carried out in the fine beams contained in the coarse beams, and a switching fine beam used by a first terminal radio frequency link, namely a first terminal target fine beam, is determined.
In the embodiment of the present application, a high-speed or ultra-high-speed moving scene is mainly considered, and in addition to the coarse beam where the current fine beam is located, the coarse beams in two adjacent directions are also considered in the embodiment of the present application. Exemplarily, assuming that the number of the coarse beam in which the communication fine beam of the current user terminal is located is 4, a diamond search is performed in all the fine beams of the three coarse beams with numbers 3, 4, and 5.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a diamond search, and fig. 5 can be understood as a target beamlet alignment diagram in an example. In the figure, lattice points corresponding to (1,1) to (9,9) are all different numbers of beamlets in the coarse beams of numbers 3, 4 and 5. Each grid point represents a beamlet in one direction, and the grid in fig. 5 is only schematic for the convenience of showing the search algorithm and description. When the existing network uses this algorithm to calculate, the beamlets may be logically arranged in sequence numbers, for example, in sequence from point (1,1) to point (9,9) in fig. 5 according to the beamlet number. However, no matter how the arrangement is, the arrangement of the beamlets on the logic is only convenient for recording the search result of the algorithm and showing the explanation to the outside, and the method is irrelevant to user hardware and does not need to change the existing hardware, the algorithm can be realized by software upgrading, and the method can be suitable for the communication of the existing network. When the existing network uses the algorithm, only beams in different directions are needed to receive the reference signals. In addition, the method for displaying the grid simultaneously considers the beam switching of the thin beams in the plurality of thick beams, namely jointly considers all the thin beams, can quickly lock the switching direction with higher spectral efficiency, and then carries out further detailed search in the area with higher spectral efficiency without nested loop, so that the complexity is lower.
As shown in the figure, the point corresponding to (x, y) in fig. 5 is a communication beam randomly selected by the first terminal radio frequency link, and the diamond search is specifically as follows:
1. and (x, y) is taken as a search center, communication beamlet receiving reference signals corresponding to solid dots in the figure are respectively used, and the spectral efficiency corresponding to the beamlet of each grid dot is calculated.
2. And calculating the sum of the spectral efficiency of each diamond-shaped area by taking the diamond as a unit. The points in fig. 5 can be considered as circularly shifted points, i.e., the point to the left of point (1,1) is (1,9), so the random selection of point (x, y) does not affect the search effect of the present algorithm. In the case where a plurality of diamonds share the same edge, the spectral efficiency of the beamlets on the shared edge only needs to be calculated once.
3. And selecting a diamond area with the maximum spectrum efficiency, wherein the diamond area is a target area with the highest spectrum efficiency when the wave beams are switched, namely the target diamond area, and searching point by point in the diamond area to find out the communication wave beams with the highest spectrum efficiency for the first terminal radio frequency link. It should be noted that, although in the process of finding out the optimal communication beam of the first terminal radio frequency link, the target diamond-shaped area needs to be searched point by point, the overall complexity is low because the diamond-shaped area is small, and the complexity is analyzed later.
And after the first terminal radio frequency link determines the optimal communication fine wave beam, the second terminal radio frequency link searches around the optimal wave beam. As shown in fig. 6, assuming that the best communication beam determined by the first terminal rf link is (x 1, y 1), the second terminal rf link searches for the corresponding beam position of the black spot in fig. 6, and selects the beam with the highest spectral efficiency for the subsequent communication. To this end, W RF Has already been determined.
Wherein, in the simulation of the precoding matrix F RF In the process of (2), the base station can executeThe beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario provided in the embodiments may be summarized as follows in a specific example: the user terminal sends a pilot signal to the base station by using the switched optimal communication beam, the base station receives by using a coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located and two adjacent coarse beams, and the coarse beams comprise a plurality of fine beams; performing a diamond search among the beamlets to determine a handover beamlet used by the first base station radio frequency link, also referred to as an optimal communication beamlet of the first base station radio frequency link, i.e. a first base station target beamlet. Subsequently, the other base station radio frequency links search near the best communication fine beam determined by the first base station radio frequency link, and determine the best switching fine beam used by all the base station radio frequency links.
Take two base station radio frequency links as an example: the user terminal sends a reference signal to the base station by using the switched optimal communication beam, the base station receives by using the coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located and two adjacent coarse beams, and performs diamond search in the fine beams contained in the coarse beams to determine the switched fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link, namely the first base station target fine beam.
Exemplarily, assuming that the number of the coarse beam in which the communication fine beam of the current base station is located is 6, a diamond search is performed in all the fine beams of the three coarse beams with the numbers 5, 6, and 7.
Since the beam switching process at the base station side and the user terminal side is basically similar, this embodiment may continue to use fig. 5 as an example, where fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of diamond search, and fig. 5 may be understood as a target beamlet alignment diagram. In the figure, lattice points corresponding to (1,1) to (9,9) are all different numbers of beamlets in the coarse beams of numbers 5, 6 and 7. Each grid point represents a beamlet in one direction, and the grid in fig. 5 is only schematic for the convenience of showing the search algorithm and description. When the existing network uses the algorithm to calculate, the beamlets may be logically arranged in sequence numbers, for example, the beamlets may be arranged in sequence from point (1,1) to point (9,9) in fig. 5 according to the beamlet number. However, no matter how the arrangement is, the arrangement of the beamlets on the logic is only convenient for recording the search result of the algorithm and showing the explanation to the outside, and the method is irrelevant to user hardware and does not need to change the existing hardware, the algorithm can be realized by software upgrading, and the method can be suitable for the communication of the existing network. When the existing network uses the algorithm, only beams in different directions are needed to receive the reference signals. In addition, the method for displaying the grid considers the beam switching of the thin beams in the plurality of thick beams at the same time, namely, all the thin beams are considered jointly, the switching direction with high spectrum efficiency can be locked quickly, the subsequent further detailed search is carried out in the area with high spectrum efficiency, the nested loop is not needed, and the complexity is low.
As shown in the figure, the point corresponding to (x, y) in fig. 5 is a communication beam randomly selected by the first base station radio frequency link, and the diamond search specifically includes the following steps:
1. and (x, y) is used as a search center, communication fine beam receiving reference signals corresponding to solid points in the figure are respectively used, and the spectrum efficiency corresponding to the fine beam of each lattice point is calculated.
2. And calculating the sum of the spectral efficiency of each diamond-shaped area by taking the diamond as a unit. The points in fig. 5 can be considered as circularly shifted points, i.e., the point to the left of point (1,1) is (1,9), so the random selection of point (x, y) does not affect the search effect of the present algorithm. In the case where a plurality of diamonds share the same edge, the spectral efficiency of the beamlets on the shared edge only needs to be calculated once.
3. And selecting a rhombic area with the maximum spectrum efficiency, wherein the area is a target area with the highest spectrum efficiency when the wave beams are switched, namely the target rhombic area, and searching the area point by point to find out the communication wave beams with the highest spectrum efficiency for the radio frequency link of the first base station. It should be noted that, although in the process of finding out the optimal communication beam of the first base station radio frequency link, the target diamond-shaped area needs to be searched point by point, the overall complexity is low because the diamond-shaped area is small, and the complexity is analyzed later.
After the first base station radio frequency link determines the best communication fine wave beam, the second base station radio frequency link searches around the best wave beam. As shown in figure 6 of the drawings,assuming that the best communication beam determined by the first base station rf link is (x 1, y 1), the second base station rf link searches for the corresponding beam position of the black spot in fig. 6, and selects the beam with the highest spectral efficiency for the subsequent communication. To this end, F RF Has already been determined.
The following is to perform algorithm complexity analysis on the beam switching method based on the diamond search in the high-speed mobile scene provided by the embodiment of the present application.
For super-large-scale MIMO, a beam searching and switching mode combining coarse and fine beams is mostly adopted, and the larger the number of antennas is, the more the coarse beams and the more the fine beams in the coarse beams are, and the traditional beam switching scheme needs to search and determine the optimal coarse beam first, and then determine the optimal fine beam in the optimal coarse beam.
Due to the closed expression without complexity, the algorithm complexity is analyzed from two angles, and the complexity in actual simulation is the first.
Fig. 7 shows the search times of the algorithm and the traversal search algorithm according to the embodiment of the present application, in order to avoid the influence of randomness, the search times is an average value of the search times of 1000 independent searches, the search times of each independent search are calculated from the initial search during switching, the search times is increased by one for each beam search, and the search times are stopped and recorded until the best switched beam is searched and stored, and the search time is calculated as one independent search.
The search times of 1000 independent searches are recorded according to the method and averaged, and then the algorithm search complexity, namely the search times in fig. 7 can be obtained. The search times of traversal search in the graph are 59049, the diamond search times are 57, and due to the fact that the traversal search complexity is too high, a histogram with the diamond search complexity is hardly seen in the graph.
It can be clearly seen that compared with the beam switching using the traversal search scheme, the complexity of the beam switching scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application is reduced by 99.9%.
The complexity of the diamond search is illustrated from another perspective, taking fig. 5 as an example. For convenience of explanation, fig. 5 can be understood as a schematic diagram of the base station side, and the handover search complexity of the base station side is taken as an example for description. In fig. 5, for a first radio frequency link, 28 searches are needed to determine a diamond-shaped region with the highest spectral efficiency, 5 searches are needed to determine a beam direction with the highest spectral efficiency in the diamond-shaped region, that is, the number of searches for the optimal switched beam of the first radio frequency link is determined to be 28+5=33 times; for the second rf link, as shown in fig. 5, the best handover beam determined by the first rf link is used as the center, and the handover beam of the second rf link can be determined by searching 8 times around the best handover beam.
Note that 8 times here is the theoretical maximum. When the first radio frequency link is searched, since beams in part of directions have been actually searched, which is reflected in fig. 6 that some dark spots have been searched when searching the first radio frequency optimal handover beam, the second radio frequency link does not need to search 8 times when determining the optimal handover beam, but in order to consider a scenario where the search times are the largest, this example is calculated according to 8 times. To this end, the complexity of the diamond search is 33 times of searching the first rf link switching beam plus 8 times of searching the second rf link switching beam, which is 41 times.
A best-fit traversal search is used as the complexity contrast. In this example, since communication scenarios such as B5G and 6G are considered, since the future communication frequency band is higher, the number of antennas is higher in order to have more prospective properties. In fig. 5, there are a total of three coarse beams for beam switching, 27 fine beams in each coarse beam. When the traversal search is used for beam switching, an optimal switching coarse beam needs to be determined first, a beam with the highest spectrum efficiency needs to be selected from the coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located and adjacent coarse beams, and the search needs to be performed 3 times. In determining the optimal switched coarse beam, the optimal switched fine beam is searched in the coarse beam, and the traversing search scheme is similarly compared and explained by taking the search complexity of the base station side as an example, as in the analysis in the previous section. The number of base station side searches is
Figure BDA0003912628060000231
Wherein N is BS Is a number of the order of 27,M BS is 2, i.e. the base station side traversal search has a complexity of 27 2 =729 times, plus 3 times of searching are needed to determine the best switched coarse beam, so a total of 729+3=732 times of searching are needed.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that, taking the base station side search as an example, only 41 searches are needed by adopting the diamond search switching scheme, 732 searches are needed by adopting the traversal search switching scheme, and the complexity is reduced by 94.4%. It should be noted that the search complexity of the diamond search at the user side and the base station side is in addition relationship, and the search times at the user side are lower than the search times at the base station side, so the overall complexity is lower; if the beam switching is performed by using the traversal search, the search times of the user side need to be multiplied by the search times of the base station side, and the complexity is higher. Therefore, the beam switching scheme using the diamond search has a significant advantage in the complexity of the search in beam switching.
Fig. 8 is a performance curve using the scheme of the present application. The analysis in the foregoing is combined to obtain that the system performance approaches the optimal system performance on the premise of low complexity, and the search complexity is low because the area with high spectrum efficiency is preferentially searched.
Under the condition of the same configuration, the existing beam switching scheme needs to search and determine the optimal coarse beam first, and then determine the optimal fine beam in the optimal coarse beam, so that the scheme is high in complexity and long in search delay, and a user cannot use the optimal beam for communication, and the rate is reduced.
According to the method and the device, the base station and the user side are combined with the thin beams in the plurality of thick beams to search, meanwhile, a switching scheme based on diamond search is adopted, the high spectrum efficiency direction is quickly locked, the time for determining the best communication beam is shortened, and compared with the beam switching scheme of traversing search, the algorithm complexity can be reduced by 99.9%, and meanwhile, the performance of the method and the device is closer to the performance of the best system. The user experience is that high transmission rate is always maintained, user perception is high, the number of base station antennas is large, the effect generated by the embodiment of the application is obvious, and the base station can be deployed on base stations with various channel numbers.
Referring to fig. 9, a block diagram of a beam switching apparatus based on a diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the apparatus is applied to a receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding transmitting end is a base station; and when the receiving end is the base station, the corresponding transmitting end is the user terminal. In an embodiment of the present application, the apparatus may include the following modules:
a pilot signal receiving module 901, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end by using a target fine beam set, where the target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam;
a target arrangement diagram determining module 902, configured to determine a target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the target beamlet set;
a first target beam determining module 903, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement diagram, and determine a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end;
a first target beam switching module 904, configured to switch the beamlet used by the first radio frequency link by using the first target beamlet;
a second target beamlet determination module 905, configured to determine, according to the target beamlet arrangement pattern and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to another radio frequency link of the receiving end except the first radio frequency link;
a second target beam switching module 906, configured to switch the beamlets used by the corresponding other radio frequency links by using the second target beamlets.
Optionally, the first target beam determining module 903 includes:
a diamond region determination submodule, configured to randomly select a beamlet from the target beamlet arrangement pattern as a search center, perform diamond search on the target beamlet arrangement pattern based on the search center, and determine multiple diamond regions in the target beamlet arrangement pattern;
the spectrum efficiency and calculation submodule is used for calculating the spectrum efficiencies of all the thin beams positioned on the edge of the diamond-shaped area aiming at each diamond-shaped area to obtain the sum of the spectrum efficiencies of the diamond-shaped areas;
a target diamond region determining submodule, configured to determine the diamond region with the highest spectral efficiency and the highest spectral efficiency as a target diamond region;
and the first beamlet determination sub-module is configured to determine spectral efficiency of each beamlet in the target diamond region, and determine a beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the target diamond region as a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end.
Optionally, the target arrangement diagram determining module 902 is configured to correspond the beamlets in the target beamlet set to grid points of a preset arrangement diagram one by one according to a preset rule, so as to obtain a target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the target beamlet set.
Optionally, the second target beam determining module 905 includes:
a first determining sub-module, configured to determine, according to the target beamlet arrangement pattern, spectral efficiencies of candidate beamlets within a preset range of the first target beamlet;
the second determining submodule is used for determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequences of the other radio frequency links;
a third determining sub-module, configured to determine, for other radio frequency links in the current link order, a target candidate beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency among remaining candidate beamlets as a second target beamlet of the other radio frequency links in the current link order, and delete the target candidate beamlet from the candidate beamlets;
and the returning submodule is used for returning to the step of determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequence of other radio frequency links to continue executing if other radio frequency links of which the second target fine beam is not determined exist.
Optionally, the second target beam determining module 905 includes:
a fourth determining submodule, configured to determine, according to the link sequence of the other radio frequency links, other radio frequency links in the current link sequence; the current link order starts at 2;
a fifth determining sub-module, configured to determine, according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram, spectral efficiencies of a target beamlet and an alternative beamlet within a preset range that correspond to a radio frequency link in a previous link sequence; the target beamlets comprise first target beamlets and second target beamlets;
a sixth determining sub-module, configured to determine, as the second target beamlet of the other radio frequency link in the current link order, the target candidate beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the candidate beamlets.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
a communication module, configured to send a signal to the corresponding sending end based on the first target beamlets and the second target beamlets.
For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a beam switching system based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene, which comprises a user terminal and a base station;
the user terminal includes:
a first pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the base station by using a first target fine beam set, where the first target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a first target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the user terminal is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam;
a first arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a first target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the first target beamlet set;
a first terminal target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the first target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first terminal target beamlet corresponding to a first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal;
a first terminal beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlet used by the first terminal radio frequency link by using the first terminal target beamlet;
a second terminal target beam determining module, configured to determine, according to the first target beamlet arrangement pattern and the first terminal target beamlet, a second terminal target beamlet corresponding to a terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal other than the first terminal radio frequency link;
the second terminal beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other terminal radio frequency link by adopting the second terminal target thin beam;
a second pilot signal sending module, configured to send a pilot signal to the base station based on the switched beamlet;
the base station includes:
a first pilot signal sending module, configured to send a pilot signal to the user terminal;
a second pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the user terminal by using a second target fine beam set, where the second target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a second target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the base station is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam;
a second arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a second target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the second target beamlet set;
a first base station target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the second target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first base station target beamlet corresponding to a first base station radio frequency link of the base station;
a first base station beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlets used by the first base station radio frequency link by using the first base station target beamlets;
a second base station target beam determining module, configured to determine, according to the second target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target fine beam, a second base station target fine beam corresponding to a base station radio frequency link of the base station other than the first base station radio frequency link;
and the second base station beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding fine beam used by the other base station radio frequency link by adopting the second base station target fine beam.
Specifically, in the beam switching system based on diamond search in the high-speed mobile scenario provided in the embodiment of the present application, the process of the user terminal for implementing the optimal communication beam switching and the process of the base station for implementing the optimal communication beam switching are the same as the beam switching method based on diamond search in the high-speed mobile scenario provided in any of the above embodiments, and for specific description, reference may be made to the foregoing description, and details are not repeated here.
The embodiment of the application also discloses an electronic device, which comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in the high-speed moving scene are realized.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when being executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in the high-speed mobile scene.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Embodiments of the present application are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the present application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "include", "including" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises the element.
The beam switching method and the corresponding device based on the diamond search in the high-speed mobile scene provided by the application are introduced in detail, a specific example is applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the application, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene is characterized in that the method is applied to a receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, a corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal, and the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end by adopting a target fine beam set, wherein the target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in a target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of a receiving end is positioned and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam;
determining a target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the target beamlet set;
performing diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement diagram, and determining a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end;
switching the thin beam used by the first radio frequency link by adopting the first target thin beam;
determining second target beamlets corresponding to other radio frequency links except the first radio frequency link at the receiving end according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram and the first target beamlets;
and switching the thin beam used by the other corresponding radio frequency link by adopting the second target thin beam.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing a diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement pattern to determine a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link at the receiving end comprises:
randomly selecting a thin beam from the target thin beam arrangement diagram as a search center, performing diamond search on the target thin beam arrangement diagram based on the search center, and determining a plurality of diamond areas in the target thin beam arrangement diagram;
calculating the spectral efficiency of all the beamlets on the sides of the diamond-shaped areas aiming at each diamond-shaped area to obtain the sum of the spectral efficiency of the diamond-shaped areas;
determining the diamond-shaped area with the highest spectral efficiency as a target diamond-shaped area;
determining the spectral efficiency of each beamlet in the target diamond region, and determining the beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the target diamond region as a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the determining a target beamlet arrangement pattern corresponding to the target beamlet set comprises:
and correspondingly enabling the thin beams in the target thin beam set to be in grid points of a preset arrangement diagram one by one according to a preset rule to obtain the target thin beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target thin beam set.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining, according to the target beamlet alignment pattern and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to a radio frequency link other than the first radio frequency link at the receiving end comprises:
determining the spectral efficiency of the candidate beamlets within the preset range of the first target beamlet according to the target beamlet arrangement diagram;
determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequences of the other radio frequency links;
for other radio frequency links in the current link sequence, determining a target candidate beamlet with the highest spectral efficiency in the remaining candidate beamlets as a second target beamlet of the other radio frequency links in the current link sequence, and deleting the target candidate beamlet from the candidate beamlets;
and if other radio frequency links of which the second target fine beam is not determined exist, returning to the step of determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequence of the other radio frequency links and continuing to execute the step.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining, according to the target beamlet alignment pattern and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to a radio frequency link other than the first radio frequency link at the receiving end comprises:
determining other radio frequency links of the current link sequence according to the link sequences of the other radio frequency links; the current link order starts at 2;
according to the target fine beam arrangement diagram, determining the frequency spectrum efficiency of target fine beams and alternative fine beams within a preset range corresponding to the radio frequency link of the previous link sequence; the target beamlets comprise first target beamlets and second target beamlets;
and determining the target candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency in the candidate fine beams as a second target fine beam of the other radio frequency links in the current link sequence.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising:
transmitting a signal to the corresponding transmitting end based on the first target beamlets and the second target beamlets.
7. A beam switching device based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene is characterized in that the device is applied to a receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, a corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal, and the device comprises:
a pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by a corresponding sending end by using a target fine beam set, where the target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam;
a target arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the target beamlet set;
a first target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first target beamlet corresponding to a first radio frequency link of the receiving end;
a first target beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlet used by the first radio frequency link by using the first target beamlet;
a second target beamlet determination module, configured to determine, according to the target beamlet alignment map and the first target beamlet, a second target beamlet corresponding to the other radio frequency link except the first radio frequency link at the receiving end;
and the second target beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other radio frequency link by adopting the second target thin beam.
8. A beam switching system based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scene is characterized by comprising a user terminal and a base station;
the user terminal includes:
a first pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the base station by using a first target fine beam set, where the first target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a first target coarse beam in which a fine beam currently communicated by the user terminal is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam;
a first arrangement map determining module, configured to determine a first target beamlet arrangement map corresponding to the first target beamlet set;
a first terminal target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the first target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first terminal target beamlet corresponding to a first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal;
a first terminal beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlet used by the first terminal radio frequency link by using the first terminal target beamlet;
a second terminal target beam determining module, configured to determine, according to the first target beamlet arrangement pattern and the first terminal target beamlet, a second terminal target beamlet corresponding to a terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal other than the first terminal radio frequency link;
the second terminal beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other terminal radio frequency link by adopting the second terminal target thin beam;
a second pilot signal sending module, configured to send a pilot signal to the base station based on the switched beamlet;
the base station includes:
a first pilot signal sending module, configured to send a pilot signal to the user terminal;
a second pilot signal receiving module, configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the user terminal by using a second target fine beam set, where the second target fine beam set is composed of all fine beams in a second target coarse beam in which a current communication fine beam of the base station is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam;
a second arrangement diagram determining module, configured to determine a second target beamlet arrangement diagram corresponding to the second target beamlet set;
a first base station target beam determining module, configured to perform diamond search on the beamlets in the second target beamlet arrangement pattern, and determine a first base station target beamlet corresponding to a first base station radio frequency link of the base station;
a first base station beam switching module, configured to switch the beamlets used by the first base station radio frequency link by using the first base station target beamlets;
a second base station target beam determining module, configured to determine, according to the second target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target fine beam, a second base station target fine beam corresponding to a base station radio frequency link of the base station other than the first base station radio frequency link;
and the second base station beam switching module is used for switching the corresponding thin beam used by the other base station radio frequency link by adopting the second base station target thin beam.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for beam switching based on diamond search in high speed mobile scenarios according to any of claims 1 to 6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for beam switching based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
CN202211329296.2A 2022-10-27 2022-10-27 Beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scene and corresponding device Pending CN115833889A (en)

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CN202211329296.2A CN115833889A (en) 2022-10-27 2022-10-27 Beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scene and corresponding device

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