CN115833562A - Open-loop PFC (Power factor correction) control method based on totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC (alternating Current/direct Current) converter - Google Patents
Open-loop PFC (Power factor correction) control method based on totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC (alternating Current/direct Current) converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alternating current and direct current micro-grids, and particularly relates to an open-loop PFC (power factor correction) control method based on a totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter; the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter consists of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, wherein the alternating-current side circuit consists of an S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 、S 5 、S 6 A full-bridge circuit consisting of six MOSFETs of the same type; DC side full bridge is composed of S 7 、S 8 、S 9 、S 10 The four MOSFET switching tubes of the same type; the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter consists of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, single-stage power transmission and open-loop power factor correction are realized based on an open-loop PFC method, system loss is reduced, meanwhile, a Smith predictor method is introduced for control, response speed is improved, and the technical problems that a traditional AC/DC micro-grid AC/DC converter is low in two-stage topology transmission efficiency, open-loop power factor correction cannot be realized, and dynamic response is slow when a load suddenly changes are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alternating current and direct current micro-grids, and particularly relates to an open-loop PFC (power factor correction) control method based on a totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter.
Background
Currently, to cope with climate change and resource scarcity, more and more countries and governments are advancing "carbon neutralization" to the national strategic height, proposing a vision of the carbon-free future. Electric power is an important component of the global energy internet system, and plays a very important part therein. In recent years, renewable energy sources represented by wind energy and photovoltaic have been widely regarded as a series of clean energy sources worldwide. With the development of new energy power generation theory and the maturity of related technologies, a novel efficient and flexible power technology mainly based on new energy is rapidly developed. The alternating current-direct current hybrid micro-grid is used as a new demand side power supply form, can more efficiently accommodate a local alternating current-direct current type new energy power generation system and an energy storage unit, provides high-reliability power supply for local loads, and becomes an important component of a future intelligent power distribution network. In an alternating current-direct current micro-grid, an alternating current-direct current micro-grid interconnection converter plays a key role in energy transmission between a direct current distribution network and an alternating current grid system in a power system, and becomes a hotspot of current research. The ac-dc converter topology that is widely studied at present can realize good Power Factor Correction (PFC) of output waveform. In order to realize unit power factor correction of a grid-connected single-phase alternating current-direct current converter, the traditional solution is a two-stage power converter topology, wherein a front stage is a double-active bridge with PFC (power factor correction) so as to realize current isolation and a wide input voltage range; the latter stage is a rectification stage to provide a stable dc side output voltage. Compared with a single-stage ac/dc converter, the two-stage conversion scheme has three disadvantages: open loop power factor correction cannot be achieved; when the load is suddenly changed, the dynamic response is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an open-loop PFC control method based on a totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter, and solves the technical problems that a traditional AC/DC microgrid AC/DC converter is low in two-stage topology transmission efficiency, incapable of realizing open-loop power factor correction and slow in dynamic response when a load suddenly changes.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: an open-loop PFC control method based on a totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter, wherein the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter is composed of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, and the alternating-current side circuit is composed of an S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 、S 5 、S 6 A full-bridge circuit consisting of six MOSFETs of the same type; DC side full bridge is composed of S 7 、S 8 、S 9 、S 10 The four MOSFET switching tubes of the same type; voltage of DC power supply is v dc The voltage of the AC power supply is v g ＝V L sin(2f g t) the voltages of two ports of the resonant converter are respectively v ab ＝v p And v cd ＝v s ，f g =50Hz frequency of AC mains, omega g Is the angular frequency of the ac power grid,
is the phase shift angle between lines in the pulse signal of the preceding and following stage circuits, C 1 The voltage-stabilizing capacitor on the DC side and the inductor on the AC side are formed by L g1 And L g2 Forming; the transformer transformation ratio is 1 s Is the sum of auxiliary inductance and transformer leakage inductance i L For flowing through the inductance L s The current of (a); v. of ab And v cd Respectively representing the voltage between the middle points of two full-bridge arms at the AC side and the DC side, wherein the front and rear two-stage circuits adopt a fixed 50% duty ratio, C 1 An AC side clamping capacitor; the open-loop PFC control method specifically comprises the following steps:
two bridge arms of the direct current side full bridge circuit are conducted at 180 degrees and are modulated by a signal m (t), wherein m (t) is defined as
m(t)＝0.5sin(ω g t)(1)
T s ＝1/f s Showing the switching period of the MOSFET on the AC side, f s Set to 100kHz, the pulse sequence of the AC full-bridge switch tube is controlled by a carrier wave u 1 Generating, modulating waves m (t) and u 2 And u 2 ' the common action controls the opening signals of four switching tubes of the direct current full bridge, and the carrier wave u 2 Is u 1 The phase-shifting angle is phi, namely the phase-shifting angle between front and rear-stage AC/DC side circuits, the time length of the center interval of driving signal pulses of the front and rear AC/DC circuits is delta, and delta = phi/2 pi f is satisfied s Will u 2 After phase inversion or phase shift of 180 DEG, the carrier u is obtained 2 ′；V ac Is the instantaneous value of the AC voltage, V dc Is a dc voltage value.
The bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts a voltage closed-loop control scheme based on a Smith predictor to sample direct current voltage, a voltage loop adopts PI control, the output of the voltage loop is given by a current loop, and the output of the controller is a phase shift angle between front and rear alternating current-direct current side circuits
For generating a DC full bridge duty cycle D dc (ii) a And a Smith predictor and PI control scheme is adopted for the current inner loop so as to eliminate time lag generated in the averaging process.
For the direct current side, when m (t)>u 2 When S is present 7 The drive is set high, otherwise S 8 Driving to set high level; when m (t)>u 2 When S is 9 The drive is set high, otherwise S 10 Driving to set high level; for the AC side, the working principle is that the pulse signal of the switching tube of the AC circuit is periodic square wave, S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 At a switching frequency f s Switching the state, S 1 、S 4 Pulse signal and S 2 、S 3 The opposite is true.
The expression of the duty ratio on the direct current side is
Wherein K = nV ac /V dc Defined as the voltage conversion ratio, the transmission power of the converter is P, and the calculation formula of the direct current side phase shift angle phi is
In open-loop PFC control mode, D is set ac =1, deriving the ac microgrid input current i ac (t)，
u g And i g And in phase, open-loop PFC correction is realized.
The open-loop PFC control method and the Smith budget period of the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter are both realized through a DSP chip.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter consists of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, single-stage power transmission and open-loop power factor correction are realized based on the open-loop PFC method, system loss is reduced, response speed is improved by introducing a Smith predictor method for control, and the technical problems that a traditional AC/DC micro-grid AC/DC converter is low in two-stage topology transmission efficiency, cannot realize open-loop power factor correction, and is slow in dynamic response when a load suddenly changes are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a totem-pole based bidirectional AC/DC converter topology according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of key circuit parameters of a totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter in a power frequency cycle.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of key circuit parameters of the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter in the switching period according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a control block diagram of an open-loop PFC control method based on a totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The open-loop PFC control method based on the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter is characterized in that the topological structure is shown in figure 1, the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter is composed of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, and the alternating-current side circuit is composed of an S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 、S 5 、S 6 A full-bridge circuit consisting of six MOSFETs of the same type; DC side full bridge is composed of S 7 、S 8 、S 9 、S 10 The four MOSFET switching tubes of the same type are formed; voltage of DC power supply is v dc Alternating currentSource voltage v g ＝V L sin(2f g t), the voltages at two ports of the resonant converter are respectively v ab ＝v p And v cd ＝v s ，f g =50Hz frequency of AC mains, omega g Is the angular frequency of the ac power grid,
is the phase shift angle between lines in the pulse signal of the preceding and following stage circuits, C 1 The voltage-stabilizing capacitor on the DC side and the inductor on the AC side are formed by L g1 And L g2 Forming; the transformer transformation ratio is 1 s Is the sum of auxiliary inductance and transformer leakage inductance i L For flowing through the inductance L s The current of (a); in FIG. 1, v ab And v cd Respectively representing the voltage between the middle points of two full-bridge arms at the AC side and the DC side, wherein the front and rear two-stage circuits adopt a fixed 50% duty ratio, C 1 The positive direction of current is also marked in fig. 1 for the ac side clamping capacitor; the open-loop PFC control method specifically comprises the following steps:
two bridge arms of the direct current side full bridge circuit are conducted at 180 degrees and are modulated by a signal m (t), wherein m (t) is defined as
m(t)＝0.5sin(ω g t)(1)
Defining energy flowing from an alternating current side to a direct current side as a positive direction, and referring to fig. 2, the positive working mode circuit waveform of the alternating current-direct current microgrid interconnection converter when a power spring is not connected is shown in fig. 2: v L Is the amplitude of the AC voltage, f g ＝ω g Per 2 π =50Hz is the frequency of the AC mains, ω g Is the angular frequency, T, of the AC mains g Is the sine period of AC power network, and for AC side, the working principle is that the pulse signal of switching tube through AC circuit is periodic square wave, S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 At a switching frequency f s Switching the state, S 1 、S 4 Pulse signal and S 2 、S 3 On the contrary; ts =1/fs represents the switching period of the alternating-current side MOSFET, fs is set to be 100kHz, the pulse time sequence of the alternating-current full-bridge switching tube is generated by a carrier wave u1, a modulation wave m (t) and u2' jointly act to control the turn-on signals of the four switching tubes of the direct-current full bridge, and the carrier wave u2 isu1 is obtained after phase shifting, the phase shifting angle is phi, namely the phase shifting angle between front and rear-stage alternating-current and direct-current side circuits, the interval duration of the front and rear alternating-current and direct-current circuit driving signal pulse center is delta, delta = phi/2 pi fs is met, and a carrier u2' can be obtained after u2 is subjected to phase inversion or phase shifting by 180 degrees; vac is the instantaneous value of the AC voltage, vdc is the value of the DC voltage, considering ω g <<ω s The ac microgrid voltage may be considered approximately constant for a few one or two switching cycles.
The bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts a voltage closed-loop control scheme based on a Smith predictor to sample direct current voltage, the voltage loop adopts PI control, the output of the voltage loop is given by a current loop, and an alternating current circuit can realize open-loop PFC (power factor correction), so that the controller is simple in design, and the output of the controller is a phase shift angle between front and rear alternating current and direct current side circuits
For generating a DC full-bridge duty cycle D dc (ii) a DC side output current i dc Comprising a DC component and an AC component at twice the power frequency, thus determining i dc The delay of half power frequency period is inevitably brought in the numerical value, in order to accelerate the response speed of the system, a Smith predictor and PI control scheme is adopted for the current inner ring, so that the time lag generated in the averaging process is eliminated; the corresponding controller block diagram is shown in FIG. 4, and the portion inside the dotted line frame is the Smith predictor, wherein G po (s) is the actual controlled object letter, G q And(s) is an undelayed state transfer function of the controlled object model.
In FIG. 3, for the DC side, when m (t)>u 2 When S is present 7 The drive is set high, otherwise S 8 Driving to set high level; when m (t)>u 2 When S is 9 The drive is set high, otherwise S 10 Driving to set high level; for the AC side, the working principle is that the pulse signal of the switching tube of the AC circuit is periodic square wave, S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 At a switching frequency f s Switching the state, S 1 、S 4 Pulse signal and S 2 、S 3 The opposite is true.
The expression of the duty ratio on the direct current side is
Wherein K = nV ac /V dc Defined as the voltage conversion ratio, the transmission power of the converter is P, and the calculation formula of the direct current side phase shift angle phi is
In open-loop PFC control mode, D is set ac =1, deriving the ac microgrid input current i ac (t)，
u g And i g And in phase, open-loop PFC correction is realized.
The open-loop PFC control method and the Smith budget period of the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter are both realized through a DSP chip.
The totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter consists of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, single-stage power transmission and open-loop power factor correction are realized based on the open-loop PFC method, system loss is reduced, response speed is improved by introducing a Smith predictor method for control, and the technical problems that a traditional AC/DC micro-grid AC/DC converter is low in two-stage topology transmission efficiency, cannot realize open-loop power factor correction, and is slow in dynamic response when a load suddenly changes are solved.
Claims (5)
1. The open-loop PFC control method based on the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter consists of a direct-current side full-bridge circuit and an alternating-current side circuit, wherein the alternating-current side circuit consists of an S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 、S 5 、S 6 A full-bridge circuit consisting of six MOSFETs of the same type; DC side full bridge is composed of S 7 、S 8 、S 9 、S 10 The four MOSFET switching tubes of the same type; voltage of DC power supply is v dc Ac power supply voltage v g ＝V L sin(2f g t) the voltages of two ports of the resonant converter are respectively v ab ＝v p And v cd ＝v s ，f g =50Hz frequency of AC mains, omega g Is the angular frequency of the ac power grid,
is the phase shift angle between lines in the pulse signal of the preceding and following circuits, C 1 The voltage-stabilizing capacitor on the DC side and the inductor on the AC side are formed by L g1 And L g2 Forming; the transformer transformation ratio is 1 s Is the sum of auxiliary inductance and transformer leakage inductance i L For flowing through the inductance L s The current of (a); v. of ab And v cd Respectively representing the voltage between the middle points of two full-bridge arms at the AC side and the DC side, wherein the front and rear two-stage circuits adopt a fixed 50% duty ratio, C 1 An AC side clamping capacitor; the open-loop PFC control method specifically comprises the following steps:
two bridge arms of the direct current side full bridge circuit are conducted at 180 degrees and are modulated by a signal m (t), wherein m (t) is defined as
m(t)＝0.5sin(ω g t)(1)
T s ＝1/f s Representing the switching period of the AC side MOSFET, f s Set to 100kHz, the pulse sequence of the AC full-bridge switch tube is controlled by a carrier wave u 1 Generating, modulating waves m (t) and u 2 And u 2 ' the common action controls the opening signals of four switching tubes of the direct current full bridge, and the carrier wave u 2 Is u 1 The phase-shifting angle is phi, namely the phase-shifting angle between front and rear-stage AC/DC side circuits, the time length of the center interval of driving signal pulses of the front and rear AC/DC circuits is delta, and delta = phi/2 pi f is satisfied s Will u 2 After phase inversion or phase shift of 180 DEG, the carrier u is obtained 2 ′；V ac Is the instantaneous value of the AC voltage, V dc Is a dc voltage value.
2. The totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter-based open-loop PFC control method of claim 1, wherein: the bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts a voltage closed-loop control scheme based on a Smith predictor to sample direct current voltage, a voltage loop adopts PI control, the output of the voltage loop is given by a current loop, and the output of the controller is a phase shift angle between front and rear alternating current-direct current side circuits
For generating a DC full bridge duty cycle D dc (ii) a And a Smith predictor and PI control scheme is adopted for the current inner loop so as to eliminate time lag generated in the averaging process.
3. The totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter-based open-loop PFC control method of claim 1, wherein: for the direct current side, when m (t)>u 2 When S is present 7 The drive is set high, otherwise S 8 Driving to set high level; when m (t)>u 2 When, S 9 The drive is set high, otherwise S 10 Driving to set high level; for the AC side, the working principle is that the pulse signal of the switching tube of the AC circuit is periodic square wave, S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 At a switching frequency f s Switching the state, S 1 、S 4 Pulse signal and S 2 、S 3 The opposite is true.
4. The totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter-based open-loop PFC control method of claim 1, wherein: the expression of the duty ratio on the direct current side is
Wherein K = nV ac /V dc Defined as the voltage conversion ratio, the transmission power of the converter is P, and the calculation formula of the direct current side phase shift angle phi is
In open-loop PFC control mode, D is set ac =1, deriving the ac microgrid input current i ac (t)，
u g And i g And in phase, open-loop PFC correction is realized.
5. The totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter-based open-loop PFC control method of claim 1, wherein: the open-loop PFC control method and the Smith budget period of the totem-pole bidirectional AC/DC converter are both realized through a DSP chip.
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