CN115832698B - Multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna, control method and communication base station - Google Patents
Multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna, control method and communication base station Download PDFInfo
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- CN115832698B CN115832698B CN202310112413.8A CN202310112413A CN115832698B CN 115832698 B CN115832698 B CN 115832698B CN 202310112413 A CN202310112413 A CN 202310112413A CN 115832698 B CN115832698 B CN 115832698B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of multibeam antennas, and discloses a novel multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna, a control method and a communication base station, wherein the novel multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna comprises a similar spherical Robert lens and a feed source antenna; the spherical lens is formed by splicing a plurality of same pyramid-like units, each pyramid-like unit is divided into 12 layers, and a dielectric constant of 6 steps is set; the feed antenna comprises 8 + -45 DEG dual polarized antennas. The invention solves the multi-beam consistency problem of the spherical luneberg lens antenna based on the periodic unit structure; and by setting the continuous dielectric constant of the six-step dielectric constant equivalent ideal luneberg lens, the miniaturization is realized. The wide beam scanning range of the antenna makes the antenna usable as a base station antenna; the S11 and S22 of the novel multi-beam spherical Robert lens antenna are smaller than-10 dB in the frequency range of 1.7-2.7GHz, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 45.5%, and the dual-port isolation degree is lower than-30 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-beam antennas, and particularly relates to a multi-beam spherical Robert lens antenna, a control method and a base station.
Background
Currently, multi-beam antennas are widely used in communication systems, passive imaging, radar and navigation because each beam has an independent information channel by spatially controlling and combining the beams. A spherical lobed lens antenna is a lens antenna having a rotationally symmetrical structure, each point of the lens surface being considered as a focal point. Therefore, the multi-beam coverage in a wide angle range can be realized by adjusting the feed source position outside the surface of the lens, and the beam consistency is good.
Traditional Lumbricus lenses are manufactured by using a foaming technology to manufacture layered spherical shells and then are spliced together, but the spherical Lumbricus lenses are large in size, heavy in weight and complex in manufacturing process. To avoid the above drawbacks, more lober lens antennas based on 3D printing technology, metamaterials or super surface fabrication are emerging, with periodic cell structures being the most representative at present. The periodic unit structure is a structure with the same geometric characteristics and different size parameters, and can realize gradient dielectric constant distribution of the luneberg lens. The periodic unit structure commonly used in preparing the luneberg lens antenna comprises a ring unit, a single moment body unit, a cross moment body unit, a filling dielectric hole unit, a triangle unit and the like, but the use of the units breaks the original symmetry of the spherical luneberg lens to different degrees, so that the antenna does not have beam consistency.
The literature "Ansari M, jones B, zhu H, et al A Highly Efficient Spherical Luneburg Lens for Low Microwave Frequencies Realized With a Metal-Based Artificial Medium [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, PP (99): 1-1". The addition of a cubic conductive medium to a single-moment-body unit composed of lightweight plastic foam reduces the weight of a spherical Robert lens antenna, but its rotationally symmetric properties are destroyed and the radiated multibeam is not completely uniform. Document "Ansari M, jones B, guo Y J Spherical Luneburg Lens of Layered Structure with Low Anisotropy and Low Cost [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2022." uses hexagonal column units instead of single rectangular body units, cylindrical conductive media instead of cubic conductive media, optimizes the multi-beam uniformity of a spherical lens antenna, but the antenna is large in electrical size and ultimately radiates multi-beams which still do not completely reach the standard.
Based on the analysis, the multi-beam consistency of the spherical luneberg lens antenna is worth researching on the basis of realizing wide beam coverage.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: current spherical lobed-lens antennas cannot achieve multi-beam uniformity over a wide beam scanning range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-beam spherical Robert lens antenna, a control method and a base station.
The invention is realized in that a multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna comprises:
a sphere-like lobed primary lens and a feed antenna;
the quasi-spherical luneberg lens is formed by splicing a plurality of same quasi-pyramid units, each quasi-pyramid unit is divided into 12 layers, and a dielectric constant of 6 steps is set after geometric optical theory calculation;
the feed antenna comprises 8 + -45 DEG dual polarized antennas, and eight beams are generated.
Further, the pyramid-like units comprise 18 identical pyramid-like units with a central angle of 20 ° and a height of 120mm.
Further, the sphere-like lobed lens radius is 120mm.
Further, each order of dielectric constant in the pyramid-like unit is realized by a cut annular periodic unit structure, wherein the width and height of the annular periodic unit section are 10mm×10mm.
Further, the width and the height of the photosensitive resin in the section of the periodic unit structure are 8mm multiplied by 8mm, air is used as a base material, the photosensitive resin is used as an insertion material, and the six-order dielectric constants from the center of the sphere to the surface are 1.95,1.77,1.61,1.48,1.37,1.13 respectively through equivalent medium theory calculation.
Further, a supporting structure is arranged in the pyramid-like units and used for connecting 12 layers of annular periodic unit structures after cutting, and a dielectric rod with the length of 6mm multiplied by 236mm is inserted into the center of a Robert lens formed by splicing 18 pyramid-like units, so that the stability of the antenna structure is improved.
In the feed antenna, a dielectric substrate is printed with 1 pair of butterfly dipoles as radiating units, 4 parasitic units are printed on the back, a reflecting cavity is additionally arranged below the dielectric substrate, and 1 pair of coaxial lines are fed.
Further, an included angle formed by connecting adjacent feed source antennas with the sphere center is 20 degrees, the feed source antennas are in one-to-one correspondence with pyramid-like units in the luneberg lens, and different beams pass through the same paths and phases in the electromagnetic space to generate the same change, so that the multi-beam consistency of the luneberg lens antennas is realized.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method of a multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna, which includes:
the Robert lens focuses and forms the wave beam of electromagnetic wave transmitted by the feed source antenna and propagated in the free space, so as to realize wave beam control and passive amplification.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna configuration scheme for a communication base station, where the communication base station is provided with the multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna.
In combination with the technical scheme and the technical problems to be solved, the technical scheme to be protected has the following advantages and positive effects:
first, aiming at the technical problems in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems solved by the technical proposal of the invention are analyzed in detail and deeply by tightly combining the technical proposal to be protected, the results and data in the research and development process, and the like, and some technical effects brought after the problems are solved have creative technical effects. The specific description is as follows:
1. the invention applies the annular periodic unit structure to the quasi-pyramid units, and the quasi-pyramid forms the spherical luneberg lens antenna through splicing, so that the problem that multiple beams are generated to lose consistency when the spherical luneberg lens antenna is directly designed based on the periodic unit structure is solved; and the dielectric constant of six steps is set so as to realize the continuous dielectric constant distribution of the ideal luneberg lens.
2. Multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna S in 1.7-2.7GHz 11 And S is equal to 22 The antenna impedance bandwidth is about 45.5%, the dual-port isolation reaches below-30 dB, and the fourth-generation mobile communication frequency band in China is completely covered.
3. The gain of the multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna reaches 15.4/15.1dBi in 1.7-2.7GHz, the beam scanning range reaches 165 degrees, and the multibeam spherical Robert lens antenna can be used for temporary capacity expansion of a fixed communication base station and a large service scene.
4. The antenna has simple geometric configuration and stable structural characteristics, and is easy to process and prepare in a large scale.
5. The antenna is realizedMiniaturization is achieved, and the overall electrical dimension radius is only 0.88 lambda 0 。
Secondly, the technical scheme is regarded as a whole or from the perspective of products, and the technical scheme to be protected has the following technical effects and advantages:
the invention designs a spherical Lobster lens antenna capable of realizing beam control, which consists of 8 feed source antennas and 1 spherical Lobster lens. The 8 beams radiated by the feed source antenna are formed into uniform pen-shaped multibeam with high gain and narrow beam width by the Robert lens, so that the gain of the antenna reaches 15.4/15.1dBi and the beam coverage reaches 165 degrees.
Thirdly, as inventive supplementary evidence of the claims of the present invention, the following important aspects are also presented:
the technical scheme of the invention solves the technical problems that people are always desirous of solving but are not successful all the time: aiming at the problem that the spherical Lobster lens is asymmetric and radiates inconsistent beams by a periodic unit structure, the invention designs a pyramid-like unit, which consists of a ring-shaped periodic unit structure based on a dielectric rod, and a spherical Lobster lens antenna can be formed by splicing. Although the Robert lens does not have perfect rotational symmetry, the special structure can enable electromagnetic waves emitted by feed sources at different positions to pass through the same path in the Robert lens, so that the consistency of multi-beam emitted by the Robert lens is ensured. Experimental results show that the antenna works at 1.7-2.7GHz, the beam scanning range of 165 degrees can be realized, and the highest gain reaches 15.4/15.1dBi.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pyramid-like structure made up of cut annular periodic unit structures according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an S-parameter diagram of a multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a gain diagram of a multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an eight-beam pattern of a multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. The embodiments are explained. In order to fully understand how the invention may be embodied by those skilled in the art, this section is an illustrative embodiment in which the claims are presented for purposes of illustration.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention is a miniaturized multibeam luneberg lens antenna designed based on geometric optics and equivalent medium theory, and comprises a spherical-like luneberg lens and eight ±45° dual-polarized feed antennas.
The 18 identical pyramid-like units with a central angle of 20 degrees and a height of 120mm can be spliced into a sphere-like primary lobed lens with a radius of 120mm to achieve miniaturization. Each pyramid-like unit is divided into 12 layers, and a dielectric constant of 6 steps is set after calculation by geometric optical theory.
Each of the dielectric constants of the steps is realized by a cut annular periodic cell structure, wherein the width and the height of the cross section of the annular cell are 10mm×10mm. The width and height of photosensitive resin in the section of the periodic unit structure are 8mm x 8mm, air is used as a base material, the photosensitive resin is used as an insertion material, and the six-order dielectric constants from the center of the sphere to the surface are 1.95,1.77,1.61,1.48,1.37,1.13 respectively through equivalent medium theory calculation.
By adding a support structure to the pyramid-like units, the support structure was 2mm thick, and the 12-layer cut annular periodic unit structure was connected. And a dielectric rod with the length of 6mm multiplied by 236mm is inserted into the center of the Robert lens formed by splicing 18 pyramid-like units, so that the stability of the antenna structure is further improved.
The feed source antennas are + -45 DEG dual polarized antennas, 8 feed source antennas are used for generating eight beams. In the feed source antenna, a dielectric substrate is printed with 1 pair of butterfly dipoles as radiating units, 4 parasitic units are printed on the back, a reflecting cavity is additionally arranged below the dielectric substrate, and 1 pair of coaxial lines are fed.
The included angle formed by connecting adjacent feed source antennas with the sphere center is 20 degrees, the feed source antennas are in one-to-one correspondence with pyramid-like units in the Lobster lens, different beams pass through the same paths and phases in the electromagnetic space to generate the same change, and multi-beam consistency of the Lobster lens antennas is realized.
Simulation calculation shows that when the Robert lens is not added, the gain of the feed source antenna is 5.9-7.1dBi; after the Robert lens is added, the overall gain of the antenna reaches 14.2-16.9dBi. The eight beams of the antenna have high consistency, the half power lobe width is 20.7 degrees at the narrowest of 2.7GHz, the beam coverage reaches 165 degrees, and the highest gain is 15.4/15.1dBi at the 2.7 GHz.
The multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be prepared by a 3D printing photocuring molding technology.
2. Application example. In order to prove the inventive and technical value of the technical solution of the present invention, this section is an application example on specific products or related technologies of the claim technical solution.
The working frequency band of the invention is the same as that of the feed source antenna and is 1.7-2.7GHz, and the invention covers the fourth-generation mobile communication frequency band in China, and can be used for temporary capacity expansion of fixed communication base stations and large service scenes. Moreover, when the working frequency band of the feed source antenna is changed, the invention can also work in other frequency bands. In addition, the size of the luneberg lens can be changed by changing the parameters of the cells included in the present invention.
3. Evidence of the effect of the examples. The embodiment of the invention has a great advantage in the research and development or use process, and has the following description in combination with data, charts and the like of the test process.
FIG. 4 is an S-parameter diagram of an embodiment, an antenna S in the 1.7-2.7GHz band 11 And S is 22 The two bandwidths are smaller than-10 dB, the working bandwidth is wide, the impedance matching is good, and the relative bandwidth reaches 45.5%; s is S 12 Less than-30 dB, and high port isolation.
Fig. 5 is a graph of gain curve of an embodiment, in which the gain of the luneberg lens antenna is relatively stable, and the values corresponding to different polarizations are almost the same, with a peak value of 15.4/15.1dBi.
Fig. 6 is an eight-beam pattern of an embodiment, and it can be seen that the spherical luneberg lens antenna has good beam uniformity. Meanwhile, as the frequency is increased and the free space wavelength is reduced, the light path of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source passing through the luneberg lens is increased, so that the converging effect of the luneberg lens on the electromagnetic wave is more obvious, and the half-power lobe width is continuously narrowed.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna, comprising:
a sphere-like lobed primary lens and a feed antenna;
the quasi-spherical luneberg lens is formed by splicing a plurality of same quasi-pyramid units, each quasi-pyramid unit is divided into 12 layers, and a dielectric constant of 6 steps is set after geometric optical theory calculation;
the feed source antenna comprises 8 + -45 DEG dual polarized antennas, and eight wave beams are generated;
each order of dielectric constant in the pyramid-like unit is realized by a cut annular periodic unit structure, wherein the width and the height of the cross section of the annular periodic unit are 10mm×10mm.
2. The multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1 wherein the pyramid-like units comprise 18 identical pyramid-like units having a center angle of 20 ° and a height of 120mm.
3. The multibeam spherical lobed lens antenna of claim 1 wherein the spheroidal lobed lens radius is 120mm.
4. The multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1 wherein the photosensitive resin has a width and height of 8mm x 8mm in the periodic unit structure cross section, and the six-order dielectric constants from the center of sphere to the surface of the spheroidal luneberg lens are 1.95,1.77,1.61,1.48,1.37,1.13, respectively, calculated by equivalent medium theory using air as the base material and photosensitive resin as the insert material.
5. The multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1 wherein a support structure is provided in the pyramid-like units for connecting 12 layers of the cut annular periodic unit structure and a dielectric rod of 6mm x 236mm is inserted in the center of the luneberg lens formed by splicing 18 pyramid-like units to improve the stability of the antenna structure.
6. The multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1 wherein the feed antenna has a dielectric substrate printed with 1 pair of bowtie dipoles as radiating elements, 4 parasitic elements printed on the back, a reflective cavity added below, and 1 pair of coaxial lines fed.
7. The multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1 wherein the angle formed by the lines connecting adjacent feed antennas to the sphere center of the spheroidal luneberg lens is 20 ° and the feed antennas are in one-to-one correspondence with the pyramid-like units in the spheroidal luneberg lens, and wherein the different beams undergo the same path and phase changes in electromagnetic space to achieve the multibeam uniformity of the spheroidal luneberg lens antenna.
8. A control method for implementing the multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the control method for multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna comprises: the quasi-spherical Robert lens focuses and forms the wave beam of electromagnetic wave transmitted by the feed source antenna and propagating in the free space, so as to realize the wave beam control and passive amplification.
9. A communication base station, characterized in that the communication base station is provided with a multibeam spherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| WO2021108449A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | Envistacom, Llc | A higb-gain, wide-angle, multi-beam, multi-frequency beamforming lens antenna |
| IL298372A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2023-01-01 | Envistacom Llc | A high-gain, hemi-spherical coverage, multi-sided flattened luneburg lens antenna |
| US20220384935A1 (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | Matsing, Inc. | Lensed multiple band multiple beam multiple column dual-polarized antenna |
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| CN113851855B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-15 | 广东福顺天际通信有限公司 | Unit element of electromagnetic wave lens |
| CN114824786A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-29 | 广东中元创新科技有限公司 | Eight-port quasi-luneberg lens antenna |
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