CN115832186A - Battery module, battery monomer, battery and power consumption device - Google Patents
Battery module, battery monomer, battery and power consumption device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115832186A CN115832186A CN202210809369.1A CN202210809369A CN115832186A CN 115832186 A CN115832186 A CN 115832186A CN 202210809369 A CN202210809369 A CN 202210809369A CN 115832186 A CN115832186 A CN 115832186A
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The application relates to an electric core assembly, a battery monomer, a battery and an electric device, wherein the electric core assembly comprises a plurality of layers of material coatings, and each material coating is coated on one side surface of each negative plate facing to the diaphragm adjacent to the negative plate; one or more adjacent material coatings form a coating group, and the volume expansion rate of each coating group is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside of the wound electric core assembly. Because the volume expansion rate of each coating group in this application reduces from inside to outside gradually, when the electric core subassembly in the recycling use, the volume expansion rate of inner circle layer is higher than outer circle layer, then can be used to hold lithium ion on the inner circle layer and inlay lithium site more than on the outer circle layer, in-process from anodal to adjacent negative pole migration is followed to lithium ion, can imbed more lithium ion on the negative pole, thereby avoid unnecessary lithium ion can't imbed and separate out, thereby solve the problem that the lithium was analysed to the battery, improve the cyclicity ability of battery.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an electric core assembly, a battery monomer, a battery and an electric device.
Background
The battery core assembly is formed by winding a positive plate, a negative plate and a diaphragm, the battery core assembly is used as a component for generating electrochemical reaction in the battery, and lithium ions can be inserted and extracted between the positive plate and the negative plate in the recycling process of the battery. When lithium ions migrate from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode capacity ratio is insufficient in the region where the positive electrode wraps the negative electrode in the corner part of the electric core assembly. In the method, excessive lithium ions at the positive electrode are inserted into the negative electrode, and the negative electrode does not have enough capacity to meet the insertion of the lithium ions, so that redundant lithium ions are separated out in the region of the inner ring positive electrode wrapping the negative electrode, and the cycle performance of the battery is seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and an electric device, which address the problem of lithium deposition in the battery.
In a first aspect, the application provides an electric core assembly, including a plurality of positive plates, a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of diaphragms, every positive plate and every negative plate are range upon range of setting in turn, and every diaphragm is located between every two adjacent positive plates and negative plates, and all positive plates, all negative plates and all diaphragms are along same direction coiling setting. In addition, the electric core component also comprises a plurality of material coatings, and each material coating is coated on one side surface of each negative plate facing to the adjacent diaphragm;
wherein, one or adjacent multilayer material coating constitutes a coating group, and the volume expansion rate of each coating group reduces from inside to outside of the wound electric core component gradually.
Therefore, compared with a certain group of coating group, the coating group positioned on the inner ring of the coating group has large volume expansion rate, more lithium insertion sites can be used for inserting lithium ions on the coating group, the problem of lithium precipitation is avoided, and the cycle performance of the electric core assembly is improved.
In some embodiments, each material coating is a silicon material coating, and the silicon content of each coating group is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside of the wound electric core assembly.
On the one hand, the silicon material has more lithium intercalation sites than the current graphite substrate, so that the lithium extraction phenomenon can be improved from the material itself. On the other hand, the silicon material has a larger volume expansion ratio than the graphite substrate, and the larger the volume expansion ratio, the more lithium intercalation sites are available for lithium ion intercalation, so that precipitation of lithium ions due to failure of intercalation can be avoided. Further, the larger the silicon content, the larger the volume expansion ratio. Therefore, the volume expansion rate of each coating group is controlled by controlling the silicon content in each coating group, so that different coating groups have different lithium intercalation capacities according to requirements, and the probability of lithium precipitation is reduced.
In some embodiments, the silicon material in each silicon material coating comprises one or more of nano silicon, silicon carbide, silicon oxide and silicon alloy.
In some embodiments, the gram capacity of silicon material in each silicon material coating ranges from 350mAh/g to 4000mAh/g.
The coating quality of the silicon material coating can be controlled by controlling the gram volume range of the silicon material in each layer of the silicon material coating, so that the thickness of the negative plate coated with the silicon material coating is controlled, the energy density of the electric core assembly is effectively controlled, and the energy density of the battery is further improved.
In some embodiments, the silicon element content of each silicon material coating is 1-100% by mass. By controlling the mass ratio of the silicon element in each layer of silicon material coating, the volume expansion rate of different silicon material coatings can be regulated, so that the silicon material coatings in different circle layers have corresponding lithium intercalation capacity according to actual requirements, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon is avoided.
In some embodiments, each negative electrode sheet comprises a graphite substrate layer, and the mass ratio of each silicon material coating to the graphite substrate layer in the negative electrode sheet adjacent to the silicon material coating is 0.1-10%.
On the one hand, the mass ratio of the graphite substrate layer in each layer of silicon material coating and the adjacent negative plate can be controlled, the common thickness of each layer of silicon material coating and the adjacent negative plate can be controlled, and therefore the phenomenon that the energy density of the electric core assembly is influenced due to overlarge thickness of the negative plate after the silicon material coating is coated is avoided. On the other hand, the mass ratio of each silicon material coating to the graphite substrate layer in the adjacent negative electrode sheet is controlled, and the lithium intercalation capacity of the negative electrode sheet after each silicon material coating is coated can be regulated, so that the lithium intercalation capacity of the negative electrode sheet is exactly matched with the precipitation amount of lithium ions. Therefore, on the basis of meeting the requirement that lithium ions are completely inserted into the negative electrode sheet without separating lithium, the thickness of the negative electrode sheet is not increased, and the energy density of the battery is improved.
In some embodiments, during discharging of the cell assembly, lithium is embedded in each material coating, and the difference between the thickness of the material coating at the innermost circle and the thickness of the material coating at the outermost circle after lithium embedding is greater than or equal to 3 μm. By controlling the thickness difference of the material coatings of the innermost ring and the outermost ring after lithium insertion, the stress adjusting function can be achieved.
In some embodiments, during discharging of the cell assembly, lithium is embedded in each material coating, and the difference between the thickness of the material coating at the innermost circle and the thickness of the material coating at the outermost circle after lithium embedding is greater than or equal to 5 μm. Therefore, the coating of each material at different positions can be ensured to have enough lithium intercalation sites, the smooth intercalation of lithium ions is ensured, and the phenomenon of lithium precipitation is avoided.
In some embodiments, the electric core assembly is formed with a corner portion and a horizontal portion, and each material coating is provided between each negative electrode sheet of the corner portion and the separator adjacent thereto.
In the corner portion, the positive plate covers the negative plate, so that the area of the negative plate opposite to the positive plate is smaller. Therefore, each layer of material coating is coated between each layer of negative electrode sheet in the corner part and the adjacent separator, more lithium intercalation sites can be provided, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon can be improved.
In some embodiments, a ratio of capacity excess coefficients of the corner portion to the horizontal portion, which is a ratio of active material capacities of the negative electrode tab to the positive electrode tab in facing units areas, ranges from 1.001 to 1.5.
By controlling the ratio of the capacity excess coefficient of the corner part to the capacity excess coefficient of the horizontal part, the ratio of the quantity of lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode active material to the quantity of lithium ions inserted into the negative electrode active material can be controlled, the negative electrode is ensured to have enough lithium insertion sites to accommodate all the lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode, and the problem of lithium precipitation is avoided.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a housing and the electric core assembly as described above, wherein the electric core assembly is accommodated in the housing.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a battery comprising a battery cell as described above.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electric device comprising the battery as described above.
Above-mentioned electric core subassembly, single battery, battery and electric installation, because the volume expansion rate of each coating group reduces from inside to outside gradually, when electric core subassembly in the recycling use, the volume expansion rate of inner circle layer is higher than outer circle layer, then can be used to hold lithium ion on the inner circle layer and inlay lithium site than outer circle layer on many, from the anodal in-process to adjacent negative pole migration of lithium ion, can imbed more lithium ion on the negative pole, thereby avoid unnecessary lithium ion can't imbed and separate out, thereby solve the problem that the battery analyzed lithium, improve the cyclicity ability of battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a battery core assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an electrical core assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;
in the figure: 1000. a vehicle; 100. a battery; 200. a controller; 300. a motor; 10. a box body; 20. a battery cell; 11. a first portion; 12. a second portion; 21. an end cap; 22. a housing; 23. an electrical core assembly; 231. a positive plate; 232. a negative plate; 233. a diaphragm; 234. coating the material; 235. a corner portion; 236. a horizontal portion; 21a, electrode terminals; 23a, and a tab.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of embodiment in many different forms than those described herein and those skilled in the art will be able to make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the application and therefore the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
At present, the application of the power battery is more and more extensive from the development of market situation. The power battery is not only applied to energy storage power supply systems such as hydraulic power, firepower, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely applied to electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric automobiles and the like, and a plurality of fields such as military equipment and aerospace. With the continuous expansion of the application field of the power battery, the market demand is also continuously expanding.
During the use of the battery, charge and discharge cycles are required. During the cycle of charge and discharge, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are intercalated or deintercalated with ions. In the wound electric core assembly, the region where the negative electrode is coated with the positive electrode at the corner portion is bent, resulting in an insufficient capacity ratio. Thus, the lithium ions in the corner portion of the positive electrode are excessively inserted into the negative electrode, and the negative electrode does not have enough lithium insertion sites for accommodating all the lithium ions, so that excessive lithium ions cannot be inserted and precipitated, and the cycle performance of the battery is affected.
Further, in order to prevent the precipitation of lithium ions, the positive-negative electrode capacity ratio of the battery may be increased. However, if the positive-negative electrode capacity ratio is too large, although lithium deposition of the battery during use can be avoided, the thickness of the battery core assembly is increased, and the energy density of the battery is reduced.
Based on the above consideration, in order to solve the problem of lithium deposition during the recycling process of the battery without reducing the energy density of the battery, through intensive research, the applicant designs an electric core assembly, in which a material coating is coated between a negative plate and a diaphragm adjacent to the negative plate, and the volume expansion rate of each coating layer group is gradually reduced from inside to outside, so that the negative plate coated in the corresponding positive plate has a larger volume expansion rate, and therefore, the negative plate has more lithium insertion sites for inserting more lithium ions, the problem of lithium deposition of the battery is avoided, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved.
The battery cell disclosed in the embodiment of the application can be but is not limited to be used in electric devices for vehicles, ships or aircrafts, and the electric device using the battery as a power supply can be but is not limited to a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric automobile, a ship, a spacecraft and the like. The electric toy may include a stationary or mobile electric toy, such as a game machine, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, and the like, and the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, and the like.
For convenience of description, the following embodiments are described by taking an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application as an example of a vehicle 1000.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The vehicle 1000 may be a fuel automobile, a gas automobile, or a new energy automobile, and the new energy automobile may be a pure electric automobile, a hybrid electric automobile, or an extended range automobile, etc. The battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or the head or the tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operation power source of the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300, the controller 200 being configured to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, for starting, navigation, and operational power requirements while the vehicle 1000 is traveling.
In some embodiments of the present application, the battery 100 may be used not only as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000, but also as a driving power source of the vehicle 1000, instead of or in part of fuel or natural gas, to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case 10. The case 10 is used to provide a receiving space for the battery cells 20, and the case 10 may have various structures. In some embodiments, the case 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 cover each other, and the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 together define a receiving space for receiving the battery cell 20. The second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one open end, the first part 11 may be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a containing space; the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may be both hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first portion 11 may cover the open side of the second portion 12. Of course, the case 10 formed by the first and second portions 11 and 12 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
In the battery 100, the number of the battery cells 20 may be multiple, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or in series-parallel, where in series-parallel refers to both series connection and parallel connection among the multiple battery cells 20. The plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or in series-parallel, and the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box body 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel to form a battery module, and then connecting a plurality of battery modules in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel to form a whole, and accommodating the whole in the case 10. The battery 100 may further include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may further include a bus member for achieving electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 20.
Wherein each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; but is not limited to, a lithium sulfur battery, a sodium ion battery, or a magnesium ion battery. The battery cell 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular parallelepiped, or other shape.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is an exploded schematic view of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery. Referring to fig. 3, the battery cell 20 includes an end cap 21, a housing 22, a battery cell assembly 23, and other functional components.
The end cap 21 refers to a member that covers an opening of the case 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment. Without limitation, the shape of the end cap 21 may be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22. Alternatively, the end cap 21 may be made of a material (e.g., an aluminum alloy) having a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 21 is not easily deformed when being impacted, and the battery cell 20 may have a higher structural strength and improved safety. The end cap 21 may be provided with functional components such as the electrode terminals 21 a. The electrode terminals 21a may be used to be electrically connected with the electric core assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric power of the battery cells 20. In some embodiments, the end cap 21 may further include a pressure relief mechanism for relieving the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value. The material of the end cap 21 may also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment. In some embodiments, insulation may also be provided on the inside of the end cap 21, which may be used to isolate the electrical connection components within the housing 22 from the end cap 21 to reduce the risk of short circuits. Illustratively, the insulator may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
The housing 22 is an assembly for mating with the end cap 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment may be used to house the cell assembly 23, electrolyte, and other components. The housing 22 and the end cap 21 may be separate components, and an opening may be formed in the housing 22, and the opening may be covered by the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20. Without limitation, the end cap 21 and the housing 22 may be integrated, and specifically, the end cap 21 and the housing 22 may form a common connecting surface before other components are inserted into the housing, and when it is necessary to enclose the inside of the housing 22, the end cap 21 covers the housing 22. The housing 22 may be a variety of shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 22 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electric core assembly 23. The material of the housing 22 may be various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
The cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 100 where electrochemical reactions occur. One or more electrical core assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing 22. The core assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and a separator is generally provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The parts of the positive plate and the negative plate with the active materials form the main body part of the electric core assembly, and the parts of the positive plate and the negative plate without the active materials form the tabs respectively. The positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may be located at one end of the main body portion together or at both ends of the main body portion, respectively. During the charge and discharge of the battery, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab 23a is connected to the electrode terminal 21a to form a current loop.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric core assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application, and fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the electric core assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application. An embodiment of the present application provides an electric core assembly 23, which includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets 231, a plurality of negative electrode sheets 232, and a plurality of separators 233. Each positive electrode sheet 231 and each negative electrode sheet 232 are alternately stacked, each separator 233 is provided between every adjacent two positive electrode sheets 231 and negative electrode sheets 232, and all positive electrode sheets 231, all negative electrode sheets 232, and all separators 233 are wound in the same direction. In addition, the electric core assembly 23 further includes a plurality of material coatings 234, and each material coating 234 is coated on one side surface of each negative electrode sheet 232 facing the separator 233 adjacent thereto. One or more adjacent multi-layer material coating layers 234 form a coating group, and the volume expansion rate of each coating group is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside of the wound electric core assembly 23.
Note that a material coating 234 is applied between each negative electrode sheet 232 and the separator 233 adjacent to it, that is, a material coating 234 is applied to the surface of the negative electrode sheet 232 facing the separator 233 adjacent to it. When one material coating 234 constitutes one coating group, it means that the volume expansion rate of each material coating 234 located at the outer ring is smaller than that of the material coating 234 located at the inner ring adjacent thereto. When one coating group is composed of two or more adjacent material coatings 234, the volume expansion rate of each material coating 234 in each coating group may be equal, and the volume expansion rate of each coating group located at the outer ring is smaller than that of the coating group located at the inner ring adjacent thereto.
Further, in the process of coating the material coating 234, the coating manner may be coating, and may also be spraying or coating, which is not described herein.
Specifically, for the electric core assembly 23 after winding, the volume expansion rate of each coating group is gradually reduced from inside to outside, that is, the volume expansion rate between each coating group is gradually reduced by a certain coefficient. The volume expansion rate of each coating layer group can be regulated and controlled by controlling the descending coefficient, so that the stress regulation among the coating layer groups is realized, and the effect of reducing lithium precipitation is achieved.
In addition, compared with a certain group of coating groups, the coating group positioned at the inner ring of the coating group has large volume expansion rate, so that more lithium insertion sites can be used for inserting lithium ions on the coating group, the problem of lithium precipitation is avoided, and the cycle performance of the electrode assembly 23 is improved.
In some embodiments, each layer of material 234 is a silicon material 234, and the silicon content of each group of coating layers decreases from the inside to the outside of the wound electrical core assembly 23.
On the one hand, since the graphite substrate is mostly adopted as the current negative electrode sheet 232 substrate, when the silicon material coating 234 is adopted as the material coating 234, the silicon material has more lithium intercalation sites compared with the graphite substrate due to its own structural characteristics, so that the lithium extraction phenomenon can be improved from the material itself.
On the other hand, the silicon material has a larger volume expansion ratio than the graphite substrate, and the larger the volume expansion ratio, the more lithium intercalation sites are available for lithium ion intercalation, so that precipitation of lithium ions due to failure of intercalation can be avoided.
Further, the silicon content of each coating group is gradually reduced from inside to outside, and the larger the silicon content is, the larger the volume expansion rate is. Therefore, the volume expansion rate of each coating group is controlled by controlling the silicon content in each coating group, so that different coating groups have different lithium intercalation capacities according to requirements, and the probability of lithium precipitation is reduced.
The silicon material in each silicon material coating 234 includes one or more of nano silicon, silicon carbide, silicon oxide and silicon alloy.
The silicon material in the silicon material coating 234 may be a material containing lithium-intercalated active silicon, such as nano silicon, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, or a silicon alloy, wherein the metal in the silicon alloy may be iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, or other metals. That is, the active ingredient in the silicon material coating layer 234 may include a variety of. For example, the active material component in the silicon material coating layer 234 may be a mixture of artificial graphite, silicon oxide, a conductive agent, and a binder, and the content of silicon oxide is 50%. Specifically, the appropriate active ingredients can be selected according to actual requirements, which are not described herein.
In some embodiments, the gram capacity of silicon material in each silicon material coating 234 ranges from 350mAh/g to 4000mAh/g.
As a specific example, when the gram capacity of the silicon material in the silicon material coating 234 is 350mAh/g, the coating mass of the silicon material coating 234 is 40mg/1540.25mm 2 . At this time, the gram capacity of the graphite in the negative electrode graphite substrate layer is 355mAh/g, and the coating mass of the graphite substrate layer is 123mg/1540.25mm 2 . Thus, the gram volume of the active material on the positive electrode sheet 231 was 195mAh/g, and the coating mass was 0.195mg/1540.25mm 2 。
As a specific example, when the gram capacity of the silicon material in the silicon material coating 234 is 1000mAh/g, the coating mass of the silicon material coating 234 is 20mg/1540.25mm 2 . At this time, the gram volume of graphite in the negative electrode graphite substrate layer was 355mAh/g, and the coating mass of the graphite substrate layer was 123mg/1540.25mm 2 . Thus, the gram volume of the active material on the positive electrode sheet 231 was 195mAh/g, and the coating mass was 0.195mg/1540.25mm 2 。
As a specific example, when the gram capacity of the silicon material in the silicon material coating 234 is 4000mAh/g, the coating mass of the silicon material coating 234 is 5mg/1540.25mm 2 . At this time, the gram volume of graphite in the negative electrode graphite substrate layer was 355mAh/g, and the coating mass of the graphite substrate layer was 123mg/1540.25mm 2 . Thus, the gram volume of the active material on the positive electrode sheet 231 was 195mAh/g, and the coating mass was 0.195mg/1540.25mm 2 。
By controlling the gram volume range of the silicon material in each layer of silicon material coating 234, the coating quality of the silicon material coating 234 can be controlled, so that the thickness of the negative electrode plate 232 coated with the silicon material coating 234 is controlled, the energy density of the cell assembly 23 is effectively controlled, and the energy density of the battery 100 is further improved.
In some embodiments, the elemental silicon content of each layer of the silicon material coating 234 is between 1% and 100% by mass. Since the volume expansion rate of the silicon material coating 234 is directly affected by the mass ratio of the silicon element, i.e., the larger the mass ratio of the silicon element is, the larger the volume expansion rate of the silicon material coating 234 is, and vice versa.
Therefore, by controlling the mass ratio of the silicon element in each layer of the silicon material coating 234, the volume expansion rate of different silicon material coatings 234 can be regulated, so that the silicon material coatings 234 in different layers have corresponding lithium intercalation capability according to actual requirements, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon is avoided.
In some embodiments, each negative electrode sheet 232 includes a graphite substrate layer (not shown), and the mass ratio of each silicon material coating 234 to the graphite substrate layer in the negative electrode sheet 232 adjacent thereto is 0.1% -10%.
On one hand, the mass ratio of the graphite substrate layer in each layer of silicon material coating 234 to the negative electrode sheet 232 adjacent to the silicon material coating 234 is controlled, so that the common thickness of each layer of silicon material coating 234 and the negative electrode sheet 232 adjacent to the silicon material coating 234 can be controlled, and the influence on the energy density of the cell assembly 23 caused by the overlarge thickness of the negative electrode sheet 232 after the silicon material coating 234 is coated is avoided.
On the other hand, the mass ratio of the graphite substrate layer in each layer of silicon material coating 234 to the negative electrode sheet 232 adjacent to the silicon material coating 234 is controlled, so that the lithium intercalation capability of the negative electrode sheet 232 after each layer of silicon material coating 234 is adjusted and controlled, and the lithium intercalation capability of the negative electrode sheet 232 is exactly matched with the precipitation amount of lithium ions. Therefore, the thickness of the negative electrode sheet 232 is not increased on the basis of satisfying the condition that lithium ions are completely inserted into the battery without lithium deposition, and the energy density of the battery 100 is improved.
In some embodiments, during discharging of the electric core assembly 23, lithium is embedded in each layer of the material coating 234, and the difference between the thickness of the innermost layer of the material coating 234 and the thickness of the outermost layer of the material coating 234 after lithium embedding is greater than or equal to 3 μm.
Specifically, the volume expansion rates of the different material coatings 234 are different due to the different silicon material content in the different material coatings 234. During the discharging process of the cell assembly 23, lithium is intercalated in each layer of the material coating 234 and the negative plate 232, and the thickness will be different after lithium intercalation. The thickness difference of the material coating 234 of the innermost circle and the outermost circle after lithium insertion is controlled, so that the stress adjustment effect is achieved.
In addition, when the thickness difference between the material coating 234 at the innermost circle and the material coating 234 at the outermost circle after lithium intercalation is greater than or equal to 3 μm, each material coating 234 at different positions can be ensured to have enough lithium intercalation sites, so that lithium ions can be smoothly intercalated, and the phenomenon of lithium precipitation is avoided.
As a preferred embodiment, the thickness difference between the material coating 234 at the innermost circle and the material coating 234 at the outermost circle after lithium intercalation is greater than or equal to 5 μm, so that each material coating 234 at different positions can have enough lithium intercalation sites, smooth lithium ion intercalation can be ensured, and the phenomenon of lithium precipitation can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the core assembly 23 is formed with a corner portion 235 and a horizontal portion 236, and each layer of the material coating 234 is disposed between each layer of the negative electrode sheets 232 of the corner portion 235 and the separator 233 adjacent thereto.
Since the cell assembly 23 is formed by sequentially stacking and winding the plurality of negative electrode sheets 232, the plurality of separators 233, and the plurality of positive electrode sheets 231 in the same direction, the cell assembly 23 is formed with corner portions 235 and horizontal portions 236. Wherein, the corner portion 235 can be defined as the range of 10mm-20mm extending from the arc top of the two sides of the electric core assembly 23 to the left and right.
For the horizontal part 236, the facing areas of the positive and negative electrode plates 232 are the same, so the occurrence probability of the lithium separation phenomenon is small. In the corner portion 235, the negative electrode tab 232 is covered with the positive electrode tab 231, which results in a smaller area of the negative electrode tab 232 facing the positive electrode tab 231. When lithium ions in the positive electrode sheet 231 are extracted, there are not enough lithium intercalation sites on the negative electrode sheet 232 for intercalating all lithium ions, and thus a lithium deposition phenomenon occurs.
Therefore, each layer of the material coating 234 is applied between each layer of the negative electrode sheets 232 and the separators 233 adjacent thereto in the corner portion 235, that is, each layer of the material coating 234 is applied between each layer of the negative electrode sheets 232 and the separators 233 adjacent thereto in the corner portion 235.
On one hand, the silicon material can provide more lithium intercalation sites compared with the graphite substrate due to the material characteristics of the silicon material, so that the negative electrode sheet 232 coated with the silicon material coating 234 has more lithium intercalation sites capable of intercalating lithium ions, and the probability of lithium precipitation is reduced.
On the other hand, the silicon material has a larger volume expansion ratio than the graphite substrate, and when the silicon material coating 234 is coated on the negative electrode sheet 232, the negative electrode sheet 232 has a larger volume expansion ratio, so that more lithium intercalation sites can be provided, and the lithium extraction phenomenon can be improved.
Of course, the silicon material coating 234 may also be coated between the negative electrode sheet 232 in the horizontal portion 236 and the diaphragm 233 adjacent to the negative electrode sheet, which may be specifically set according to actual use requirements, and will not be described herein.
In some embodiments, the capacity excess factor ratio of the corner section 235 to the horizontal section 236 is in the range of 1.001-1.5. The capacity excess factor is the ratio of the active material capacities per unit area of the negative electrode sheet 232 to the positive electrode sheet 231 facing each other.
Specifically, the capacity excess coefficient of the horizontal portion 236 may be set to 1.14, and the capacity excess coefficient of the corner portion 235 may be set to 1.19. By controlling the capacity excess factor ratio of the corner part 235 to the horizontal part 236, the ratio of the amount of lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode active material to the amount of lithium ions inserted into the negative electrode active material can be controlled, and the negative electrode is ensured to have enough lithium insertion sites to accommodate all lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode, thereby avoiding the problem of lithium precipitation.
However, when the capacity excess ratio of the corner portion 235 to the horizontal portion 236 is too small, lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode cannot be completely inserted into the negative electrode, resulting in occurrence of a lithium deposition phenomenon. When the capacity excess ratio of the corner portion 235 to the horizontal portion 236 is too large, the lithium insertion sites of the negative electrode are too large, which results in redundancy, and the thickness of the electrode assembly 23 is too large, thereby affecting the energy density of the battery 100.
Therefore, by controlling the capacity excess coefficient ratio of the corner portion 235 to the horizontal portion 236 to be 1.001-1.5, the thickness of the cell assembly 23 can be reduced and the energy density of the battery 100 can be increased while ensuring that lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode are completely inserted into the negative electrode and no lithium deposition occurs.
Based on the same concept as the above-mentioned cell assembly 23, the present application provides a battery cell 20, which comprises a housing 22 and the cell assembly 23 as described above. Wherein the electric core assembly 23 is accommodated in the housing 22.
When the battery cell assembly 23 is applied to the battery cell 20, it can be ensured that the negative electrode sheets 232 of different circle layers from inside to outside in the battery cell assembly 23 all have sufficient lithium insertion sites for inserting lithium ions extracted from the adjacent positive electrode sheets 231, thereby avoiding the problem of lithium precipitation. In addition, the silicon content in the silicon material coating 234 gradually decreases from inside to outside, so that each layer of negative electrode sheet 232 has a proper number of lithium insertion sites, which can avoid the problem of lithium precipitation, and the energy density of the battery cell 20 is improved without increasing the thickness of the negative electrode sheet 232.
Based on the same concept as the battery cell 20 described above, the present application provides a battery 100 including the battery cell 20 as described above.
When the battery cells 20 are applied to the battery 100, on one hand, the problem of lithium precipitation of each battery cell 20 is not easy to occur, which is beneficial to improving the cycle capacity of the battery 100. On the other hand, each battery cell 20 has a high energy density, and the energy density of the entire battery 100 can be increased.
Based on the same concept as the battery 100 described above, the present application provides an electric device including the battery 100 as described above.
When the battery 100 is applied to an electric device, the battery 100 has a high cycle capacity, so that the service life of the electric device can be prolonged. Further, since the battery 100 has a high energy density, the overall energy density of the electric device can be increased, and the usability of the electric device can be improved.
In particular use of the present application, a silicon material coating 234 is coated between each negative electrode sheet 232 at the corner 235 of the electrical core assembly 23 and the adjacent diaphragm 233, and the silicon content of each silicon material coating 234 is gradually reduced from inside to outside, so that the volume expansion rate of the negative electrode sheet 232 coated with the silicon material coating 234 is gradually reduced from inside to outside.
In the position of the corner portion 235 of the cell assembly 23 after winding, the degree of folding of the negative electrode sheet 232 positioned at the inner circle with respect to the negative electrode sheet 232 positioned at the outer circle is higher, that is, the number of lithium intercalation sites on the negative electrode sheet 232 positioned at the inner circle is smaller than that on the negative electrode sheet 232 positioned at the outer circle.
Therefore, when the volume expansion rate of the negative electrode sheet 232 coated with the silicon material coating 234 is gradually reduced from inside to outside, the negative electrode sheet 232 positioned at the inner ring has more lithium intercalation sites compared with the negative electrode sheet 232 not coated with the silicon material coating 234, and can intercalate more lithium ions, thereby effectively improving the lithium deposition phenomenon.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present application, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. An electric core assembly comprises a plurality of positive plates, a plurality of negative plates and a plurality of diaphragms, wherein each positive plate and each negative plate are alternately stacked, each diaphragm is arranged between every two adjacent positive plates and every two adjacent negative plates, and all the positive plates, all the negative plates and all the diaphragms are wound in the same direction;
one or more adjacent material coatings form a coating group, and the volume expansion rate of each coating group is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside of the wound electric core assembly.
2. The electric core assembly according to claim 1, wherein each of said material coatings is a silicon material coating, and the silicon content of each of said coating groups gradually decreases from the inside to the outside of said wound electric core assembly.
3. The electric core assembly according to claim 2, wherein the silicon material in each silicon material coating comprises one or more of nano silicon, silicon carbide, silicon oxide and silicon alloy.
4. The electrical core assembly of claim 2, wherein the gram capacity of silicon material in each of said silicon material coatings is in the range of 350mAh/g to 4000mAh/g.
5. The electric core assembly according to claim 2, wherein the silicon element content of each silicon material coating is 1-100% by mass.
6. The power core assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of the negative electrode sheets comprises a graphite substrate layer, and the mass ratio of each silicon material coating to the graphite substrate layer in the negative electrode sheet adjacent to the silicon material coating is 0.1-10%.
7. The electric core assembly according to claim 1, wherein during discharging of said electric core assembly, lithium is embedded in each of said material coating layers, and a difference between a thickness of said material coating layer at the innermost circumference and a thickness of said material coating layer at the outermost circumference after lithium embedding is greater than or equal to 3 μm.
8. The electric core assembly according to claim 7, wherein during discharging of the electric core assembly, lithium is embedded in each material coating, and a difference between a thickness of the material coating at the innermost circle and a thickness of the material coating at the outermost circle after lithium embedding is greater than or equal to 5 μm.
9. The current core assembly according to claim 1, wherein said current core assembly is formed with a corner portion and a horizontal portion, each said coating of material being disposed between each said negative electrode sheet at said corner portion and said separator adjacent thereto.
10. The current core assembly according to claim 9, wherein a ratio of capacity excess coefficient of said corner portion to said horizontal portion is in a range of 1.001-1.5, wherein said capacity excess coefficient is a ratio of active material capacity per unit area of said negative electrode tab to said positive electrode tab.
11. A battery cell comprising a housing and a plug assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, said plug assembly being received within said housing.
12. A battery comprising the battery cell of claim 11.
13. An electric device comprising the battery of claim 12.
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