CN115831516A - Magnetic conduction sleeve and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic conduction sleeve and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115831516A CN115831516A CN202211583059.9A CN202211583059A CN115831516A CN 115831516 A CN115831516 A CN 115831516A CN 202211583059 A CN202211583059 A CN 202211583059A CN 115831516 A CN115831516 A CN 115831516A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a magnetic conduction sleeve with high magnetic conductivity, a preparation method and application thereof. Comprises the following components: 15 to 18 percent of chromium, 0.5 to 4 percent of silicon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of nickel, 3.5 to 5.75 percent of aluminum, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of titanium, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of yttrium oxide, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.3 percent of cobalt, 0.001 to 0.1 percent of carbon, the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than 0.9 percent. The magnetic conduction sleeve manufactured by the components and the special manufacturing method has high density and high magnetic flux density, can meet the requirement of small overall thickness and has the characteristic of high magnetic conductivity, and tests show that 100 percent of magnetic backflow can be met when the magnetic conduction sleeve is applied to a catheter pump motor, and meanwhile, hysteresis is avoided, the motor runs and starts smoothly, and eddy current loss is extremely low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic functional materials, in particular to a magnetic conduction sleeve and a preparation method thereof, and application of the magnetic conduction sleeve in a micro motor, and especially relates to application of the magnetic conduction sleeve in a hollow cup motor and a catheter pump.
Background
The catheter pump may (partially) replace the patient's cardiac function, providing hemodynamic support for patients with cardiogenic shock or heart failure. After percutaneous implantation in the heart, the in vivo motor drives the impeller to rotate, enabling the catheter pump to achieve a pumping flow of 2.5-5.0L/min at a rotational speed of 3-6 kilo-revolutions per minute, supporting short-term (days or weeks) or long-term (weeks or months) applications of life. The catheter pump is limited by the inner diameter of a blood vessel, the outer diameter of the catheter pump is generally not larger than 5mm, and the structural size limits the performance of the motor.
The hollow cup motor has the performance of miniaturization and high power, and can be applied to a catheter pump. At present, the coreless motor is manufactured into a tubular stator by overlapping silicon steel sheets, the magnetic leakage phenomenon easily occurs at the joint, the magnetic reflux cannot be met by 100%, the magnetic loss is large, and the torque output of the motor is influenced. In addition, the applicant also finds that magnetic poles formed after the stator is magnetically conducted cannot be released in a short time, hysteresis occurs, the motor is not smoothly started, and the working stability of the motor is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Unless otherwise indicated, when the present invention relates to percentages between liquids, said percentages are volume/volume percentages; the invention relates to the percentage between liquid and solid, said percentage being volume/weight percentage; the invention relates to the percentages between solid and liquid, said percentages being weight/volume percentages; the balance being weight/weight percent.
The invention aims to provide a magnetic conduction sleeve with high magnetic conductivity and good corrosion resistance.
As a preferred technical scheme, the magnetic conduction sleeve comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 18 percent of chromium, 0.5 to 4 percent of silicon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of nickel, 3.5 to 5.75 percent of aluminum, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of titanium, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of yttrium oxide, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.3 percent of cobalt, 0.001 to 0.1 percent of carbon, the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than 0.9 percent.
In the components, iron and a small amount of carbon are made into alloy steel, so that the alloy steel is not easy to demagnetize after magnetization, is a hard magnetic material with excellent performance, and has the characteristics of good ductility and good electric and heat conductivity; the chromium has good corrosion resistance and can reduce the strength of eddy current; cobalt is an important raw material for producing heat-resistant alloy, hard alloy, anticorrosive alloy, magnetic alloy and various cobalt salts, and the addition of cobalt is beneficial to improving the hardness, the anticorrosive property and the magnetic conductivity of the soft magnetic material; the addition of titanium and molybdenum enhances the strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the soft magnetic material; nickel hard and ductile and ferromagnetic metals that enable polishing and corrosion resistance of highly soft magnetic materials; the addition of silicon is beneficial to improving the resistivity and the maximum magnetic conductivity of iron and reducing the coercive force, the sleeve loss (iron loss) and the magnetic aging; the same yttrium oxide contributes to the increase of the resistivity of the soft magnetic material; in order to form an insulating layer on the outer surface of the soft magnetic material, aluminum is added into the alloy, aluminum oxide is obtained after a chemical reaction, and the insulating layer is formed on the outer surface of the soft magnetic material, so that the corrosion resistance of the stator can be improved due to the isolation effect; manganese has the functions of deoxidation, desulfurization and regulation, such as preventing the formation of grain boundary carbides of steel, and can also increase the strength, toughness and hardenability of steel.
The magnetic conduction sleeve that makes through this component density is high, and magnetic flux density is high, can satisfy the high characteristic of magnetic conductivity again when whole thickness is little, and the test reachs that the magnetic conduction sleeve uses and can satisfy 100% magnetic return flow in the catheter pump motor, does not have hysteresis torque phenomenon simultaneously, and the motor operation starts smoothly, and eddy current loss is extremely low.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the magnetic conductive sleeve.
As a preferred technical scheme, a method for manufacturing a magnetic conduction sleeve comprises the steps of proportioning metal powder or blocks of chromium, silicon, nickel, aluminum, titanium, yttrium oxide, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, carbon and iron according to a proportion, feeding the mixture into a vacuum induction furnace, smelting in a vacuum atmosphere at the temperature of not lower than 1900 ℃, pouring obtained molten steel to obtain an alloy blank, annealing, electroslag remelting, feeding, cooling, forging into a cylinder at the temperature of not lower than 1900 ℃ in a forging furnace, machining into a sleeve shape, and tempering the sleeve at the temperature of 1100 ℃ for 5 hours by blowing air to obtain the magnetic conduction sleeve.
After the alloy powder is smelted by the vacuum induction furnace, the content of gas in the alloy is obviously reduced, but because an oxide crucible is adopted during smelting in the vacuum induction furnace and casting is carried out by a steel ingot casting method, fine oxide slag still remains in the alloy, dendritic crystals of the alloy are coarse, and the alloy components are locally segregated. In order to solve the problems, the alloy needs to be subjected to electroslag remelting, which is a technical requirement of the alloy for further processing of products. Electroslag remelting is a method for smelting by using resistance heat generated when current passes through slag as a heat source, and the important purpose is to refine pure metal and obtain an ingot with a clean, uniform and compact structure. Electroslag remelting is a key link of the whole preparation process, and the basic control parameters are judged and adjusted according to whether the basic control parameters and technical and economic indexes specified by the smelting process are reasonable or not, so that the whole process is stabilized in an optimal state as much as possible.
It is known to those skilled in the art that in order to prevent blood from entering the motor and causing thrombus, a flowing backflushing liquid, mostly a fluid containing chlorides, is usually injected between the rotor and the stator of the motor, which requires the stator to have reliable corrosion resistance. The forged sleeve is subjected to a heat treatment process during which the aluminum at the grain boundaries will partially oxidize to aluminum oxide and distribute between the grain boundaries and along the stator surface. Since alumina is a poor electrical conductor, the iron crystals are insulated from each other, forming an insulating layer on the surface, thus forming an insulating layer and a chemically inert layer to prevent the ingress of blood.
Annealing includes heating the alloy blank to 1050-1200 deg.c, maintaining for 2-4 hr, cooling to 550-600 deg.c, and air cooling. The hardness of the annealed soft magnetic material finished product is reduced, the forging processing performance is improved, the residual stress and the stable size of the alloy can be reduced, the deformation and crack tendency is reduced, the crystal grains can be refined, the structure is adjusted, the structure defect is eliminated, and the alloy with better density is obtained. And the cylindrical sleeve has a continuous, constant wall thickness, is a metal alloy with a crystalline structure, has soft magnetic properties, and is able to minimize losses due to hysteresis and to magnetic reversal.
The electroslag remelting lasts for 1-2 h, so that the alloy bar is fully melted, shrinkage is generated in the process of converting a casting from liquid to solid, if liquid is not supplemented in time, shrinkage cavities are generated in the casting to scrap the casting, therefore, liquid is supplemented to the casting before the casting is solidified to prevent shrinkage cavities and perform feeding operation, the voltage is adjusted to be 25-55V in the feeding period, the current is 1.5-4.5 KA, and the duration is 15-35 min.
It should be noted that when the sleeve is tempered at 1100 ℃, the velocity of the blowing air is small, ensuring slow and steady entry of air, during which the aluminum at the grain boundaries will partially oxidize to alumina and distribute between the grain boundaries and along the shell surface. Thereafter, the sleeve surface will have a thin insulating ceramic layer.
The whole catheter pump is guided to the ventricle through the blood vessel, so the volume of the whole catheter pump is as small as possible, and a magnetic conductive sleeve which is a component of the catheter pump is also as small as possible, and the wall thickness of the magnetic conductive sleeve is less than or equal to 0.03mm.
Furthermore, the wall thickness of the magnetic conduction sleeve is 0.2mm-0.28mm, and the preferable wall thickness is 0.25mm.
The magnetic conductivity of the magnetic conductive sleeve is more than or equal to 99.8 percent.
The magnetic conductivity of the magnetic conductive sleeve is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the preferred magnetic conductivity is 100 percent.
The circular tube-shaped magnetic conduction sleeve which is formed by machining does not have a gap on the whole circumferential surface, so that the magnetic resistance is reduced, the magnetic loss of magnetic reflux is reduced to the minimum, and the motor current required by required driving power is reduced. The magnetic conduction sleeve after smelting, electroslag remelting and heat treatment has high internal density, and the rigidity and the corrosion resistance are greatly improved.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a coreless motor having a large torque and a small volume, to which the magnetic conductive sleeve is applied.
As a preferred technical scheme, the coreless motor comprises a motor shell, wherein a stator assembly and a rotor assembly are coaxially and radially arranged in the shell at intervals, the rotor assembly comprises a rotating shaft which is axially limited and circumferentially and rotationally matched with the shell through a bearing and a permanent magnet arranged on the rotating shaft, a coreless coil which forms the stator assembly is arranged in a magnetic conduction sleeve, and the sleeve is the magnetic conduction sleeve.
In the above scheme, in the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor, because of the existence of the stator core, when the motor is operated, hysteresis and eddy current losses are generated in the stator core, and these losses are proportional to the 1.3 power of the rotor rotation frequency, and when the rotor rotates at a high speed, huge losses are generated in the stator core; therefore, the invention adopts the hollow cup coil, cancels the stator core, and does not generate the loss of the stator core, thereby eliminating the torque pulsation and leading the stability of the output torque to be higher; more importantly, the magnetic conduction sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the hollow cup coil, so that the reflux rate of magnetic flux is improved, and the torque of the motor is improved.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a catheter pump having a large torque and a large pumping blood flow rate, which uses the magnetically conductive sleeve.
In a preferred embodiment, the proximal and distal ends of the drive unit, which is the above-mentioned hollow cup motor, are attached to the catheter assembly and the cannula assembly, respectively.
Compared with the original traditional motor, the motor with the same outer diameter can provide higher torque, increase the blood flow of the whole catheter pump and meet the physiological function of a human body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coreless motor of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of the magnetic conductive sleeve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A magnetic conduction sleeve comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 18 percent of chromium, 0.5 to 4 percent of silicon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of nickel, 3.5 to 5.75 percent of aluminum, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of titanium, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of yttrium oxide, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.3 percent of cobalt, 0.001 to 0.1 percent of carbon, the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than 0.9 percent. The method comprises the steps of proportioning metal powder or blocks of chromium, silicon, nickel, aluminum, titanium, yttrium oxide, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, carbon and iron according to a proportion, feeding the mixture into a vacuum induction furnace, smelting in a vacuum atmosphere at the temperature of not lower than 1900 ℃, pouring molten steel to obtain an alloy blank, annealing, electroslag remelting, feeding, cooling, forging into a cylindrical bar at the temperature of not lower than 1900 ℃ in a forging furnace, machining into a sleeve, and tempering the sleeve at the temperature of 1100 ℃ for 5 hours by blowing air to obtain the magnetic conducting sleeve 12. Wherein the characteristics of each component of the alloy are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the alloy contains components with high strength, good corrosion resistance and high magnetic permeability, so as to ensure that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the magnetic conductive sleeve 12 meet the requirements; at the same time, the alloy also contains aluminium, which oxidizes under the action of oxygen to form Al2O3, and since aluminium oxide is a poor electrical conductor, the iron crystals are insulated from each other to prevent the ingress of blood. Furthermore, the insulating alumina layer will achieve eddy current reduction, which will eliminate the need for a slotted or axially layered configuration on the magnetically permeable sleeve, and will not have gaps over the entire circumferential surface of the magnetically permeable sleeve 12, thereby reducing the reluctance, minimizing the magnetic losses of the magnetic return, and thus reducing the motor current required for the required drive power.
The formulations related to examples 1 to 8 of the present invention are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
| The components and the content thereof | Chromium (III) | Aluminium | Titanium (Ti) | Carbon (C) | Yttria | Manganese oxide | Cobalt | Nickel (II) | Silicon | Molybdenum (Mo) | Iron (II) | Magnetic permeability% | Corrosion resistance |
| Example 1 | 15 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 78.78 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 2 | 16 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.24 | 77.03 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 3 | 17 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.28 | 75.28 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 4 | 18 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 2 | 3 | 71.45 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 5 | 15 | 5 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 75.84 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 6 | 16 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.07 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.24 | 74.09 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 7 | 17 | 5 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 0.28 | 72.74 | 100 | Is excellent in |
| Example 8 | 18 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.09 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 70.81 | 100 | Is excellent in |
As can be seen from the table 2, the novel alloy material is adopted, the cylindrical pipe body is formed by machining, the thickness is small, the requirement of the catheter pump is met, the surface of the cylindrical pipe body is formed into an oxidation insulation layer through a special heat treatment process, the oxidation insulation layer is very powerful for the catheter pump, and the oxidation layer has an isolation effect and can increase the corrosion resistance of the stator. Because of the existence of the surface insulating layer of the magnetic conduction sleeve 12, as a preferred scheme, the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 can even be directly used as a shell of the motor, and the motor shell 30 does not need to be arranged outside, thereby further reducing the outer diameter of the whole motor. The alloy prepared by the special preparation process has high density and high magnetic flux density, can be fully filled with the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 with small thickness and has the characteristic of high magnetic conductivity, and experimental tests show that 100 percent of magnetic reflux can be met when the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 is applied to a catheter pump motor, and meanwhile, hysteresis is avoided, the motor runs and starts smoothly, and the eddy current loss is extremely low.
Unless otherwise indicated, the present invention employs the following detection methods:
1. magnetic permeability
The magnetic field is detected by a Tesla meter on the inner and outer peripheries of the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 respectively by adopting GB/T14986.4-2018 soft magnetic alloy and arranging the coreless coil in the magnetic conduction sleeve 12, and then the intensity of the inner and outer magnetic fields is compared.
2. Corrosion resistance
According to the GB/T19746-2018 metal and alloy corrosive salt solution immersion test, the magnetic conductive sleeve is immersed in 0.9 wt% of physiological saline and immersed for 72 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃, and the surface of the magnetic conductive sleeve 12 is observed to have rusty spots or not.
Compared with the conventional stator core formed by laminating the conventional silicon steel sheets, the excellent technical effects of the magnetic conductive sleeve 12 of the present invention are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the motor made of the ferrite soft magnetic material of the invention has larger torque and larger flow, and simultaneously has smooth start and better corrosion resistance, meets the requirement of 100 percent magnetic conductivity, and the complexity of the processing technology is not increased.
In summary, the magnetic conductive sleeve 12 made of special materials and special processes has no gap on the whole circumferential surface, and has high internal density, so that the magnetic conductive sleeve 12 has the characteristics of small thickness and high magnetic conductivity; and the surface of the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 is provided with an insulating layer, so that the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 can also be directly used as a shell of the motor, and the outer diameter of the whole motor is further reduced. When the magnetic conduction sleeve 12 is applied to the motor of the catheter pump, compared with the original traditional motor, the motor with the same outer diameter can provide higher torque, increase the blood pumping flow of the whole catheter pump and meet the physiological function of a human body.
The above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications according to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The magnetic conduction sleeve is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 18 percent of chromium, 0.5 to 4 percent of silicon, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of nickel, 3.5 to 5.75 percent of aluminum, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of titanium, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of yttrium oxide, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.3 percent of cobalt, 0.001 to 0.1 percent of carbon, the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than 0.9 percent.
2. A method of manufacturing a magnetically permeable sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the steps of proportioning metal powder or blocks of chromium, silicon, nickel, aluminum, titanium, yttrium oxide, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, carbon and iron according to a proportion, feeding the mixture into a vacuum induction furnace, smelting in a vacuum atmosphere at a temperature of not lower than 1900 ℃, pouring obtained molten steel to obtain an alloy blank, annealing, electroslag remelting, feeding, cooling, forging the alloy blank into a cylindrical bar at a temperature of not lower than 1900 ℃ in a forging furnace, machining the cylindrical bar into a sleeve, and tempering the sleeve at 1100 ℃ for 5 hours by blowing air to obtain the magnetic conductive sleeve.
3. A method of manufacturing a magnetically permeable sleeve according to claim 2, wherein: annealing includes heating the alloy blank to 1050-1200 deg.c, maintaining for 2-4 hr, cooling to 550-600 deg.c, and air cooling.
4. A method of manufacturing a magnetically permeable sleeve according to claim 2, wherein: the electroslag remelting lasts for 1-2 h, the voltage is adjusted to 25-55V and the current is adjusted to 1.5-4.5 KA in the feeding period, and the duration is 15-35 min.
5. A method of manufacturing a magnetically permeable sleeve according to claim 2, wherein: the wall thickness of the magnetic conduction sleeve is less than or equal to 0.03mm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the sleeve comprises: the magnetic conducting sleeve has a wall thickness of 0.2mm-0.28mm, preferably 0.25mm.
7. The method of manufacturing a magnetically permeable sleeve according to claim 5, wherein: the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic conduction sleeve is more than or equal to 99.8%.
8. A method of manufacturing a magnetically permeable sleeve according to claim 7, wherein: the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic conductive sleeve is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the preferred magnetic conductivity is 100 percent.
9. The utility model provides a coreless motor, includes motor housing (30), coaxial, radial interval arrangement has stator module (10) and rotor subassembly (20) in casing (30), rotor subassembly (20) include constitute axial spacing, circumference normal running fit's pivot (22) through bearing and casing (30) to and install permanent magnet (21) on pivot (22), arrange magnetic conduction sleeve (12) in coreless coil (11) that constitute stator module (10), its characterized in that: the magnetic conductive sleeve (12) is the magnetic conductive sleeve according to claim 1 or the magnetic conductive sleeve manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 2 to 6.
10. A catheter pump having a drive unit attached at its proximal and distal ends to a catheter assembly and a cannula assembly, respectively, characterized in that: the drive unit is a coreless motor as claimed in claim 9.
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| CN202211583059.9A CN115831516B (en) | 2022-12-10 | 2022-12-10 | Magnetic conduction sleeve, preparation method and application thereof |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899585A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-01-30 | 宁波市鄞州商业精密铸造有限公司 | High-hardness and high-abrasion-resistance iron alloy material |
| CN102899586A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-01-30 | 宁波市鄞州商业精密铸造有限公司 | Iron alloy material and preparation method |
| CN106655649A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-05-10 | 马幼鸣 | High-speed high-power density AC servo motor |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899585A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-01-30 | 宁波市鄞州商业精密铸造有限公司 | High-hardness and high-abrasion-resistance iron alloy material |
| CN102899586A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-01-30 | 宁波市鄞州商业精密铸造有限公司 | Iron alloy material and preparation method |
| CN106655649A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-05-10 | 马幼鸣 | High-speed high-power density AC servo motor |
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| CN115831516B (en) | 2023-12-01 |
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