CN115831401A - Two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment - Google Patents
Two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115831401A CN115831401A CN202211285795.6A CN202211285795A CN115831401A CN 115831401 A CN115831401 A CN 115831401A CN 202211285795 A CN202211285795 A CN 202211285795A CN 115831401 A CN115831401 A CN 115831401A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- containment
- containment vessel
- layer
- annular space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and particularly relates to a two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel which comprises an outer-layer containment vessel (2) and an inner-layer containment vessel (1) arranged in the outer-layer containment vessel (2), wherein the pressure in the outer-layer containment vessel (2) and the pressure in the inner-layer containment vessel (1) can be adjusted. Compared with the current typical containment scheme, the two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment provided by the invention can obviously reduce the size of a containment system, reduce the consumption of reinforced concrete and reduce the overall cost under the same design pressure. Meanwhile, the reduction of the size of the containment system reduces the occupied area of the nuclear power plant, and further improves the economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and particularly relates to a two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment.
Background
The containment vessel is used as the last barrier of a nuclear power plant depth defense strategy, and plays a key role in preventing the radioactive fission products from being uncontrollably released into the environment under the design reference accident working condition and the design expansion working condition. At present, the latest third generation advanced pressurized water reactors such as EPR, VVER and Hualongyi I in China all adopt double-layer containment vessels. Compared with a single-layer containment vessel, the double-layer containment vessel has the following advantages: 1) The inner shell and the outer shell are separated in function, namely the inner shell bears the internal pressure of an accident and contains radioactive substances without leakage, the outer shell is used for resisting external events such as airplane impact, tornado flying objects, external explosion and the like, the inner shell is protected from being damaged, and the outer shell does not bear pressure, so that a common reinforced concrete structure can be used, and once local damage occurs, the repair is easy; 2) Tightness to the outside atmosphere-in the case of a double containment, the tightness is ensured by a double barrier consisting of an outer containment and an inner containment and an air leakage air extraction and filtration system between the containment.
The demand of the energy market on the economy of the nuclear power plant is higher and higher, which provides a new target for the development of the next generation pressurized water reactor technology, namely, the investment cost of the nuclear power plant is obviously reduced while the safety is not reduced or is further improved, and the economy is improved. The containment vessel has huge volume, and has obvious influence on the engineering quantity of a reactor factory and the overall economic performance of a nuclear power plant. Compared with the early single-layer containment vessel, the double-layer containment vessel adopted by the current mainstream third-generation advanced pressurized water reactor has higher manufacturing cost, and for this reason, when developing the next-generation pressurized water reactor technology, the adopted technical routes include two routes, namely: 1) Or a single-layer containment design scheme is adopted, and the defect of the single-layer containment design scheme in the external event coping capability is made up by improving the external event coping capability; 2) Or a new design concept and a new design scheme are provided, the scale of the containment vessel is reduced on the premise of not reducing the safety, and the overall economy of the nuclear power plant is improved.
Among other things, scaling down the containment size will present the following design challenges: 1) The requirement on the pressure bearing capacity of a containment system is increased, the reduction of the volume of the containment inevitably reduces the free space in the containment, according to a gas state equation, the reduction of the free space inevitably leads to the fact that the pressure in the containment under the accident condition is higher than the pressure value before the reduction, if the free volume is reduced by 1 time, the pressure in the containment under the accident condition is also increased by 1 time, and the higher requirement on the pressure bearing capacity of the containment is provided; 2) Another important design challenge brought by the reduction of free space, which is an increase in the requirement for hydrogen elimination capability of the containment system, is that the volume ratio of hydrogen released into the containment environment under accident conditions is increased, and if the free volume is reduced by 1 time, the hydrogen concentration is increased by 1 time, and the explosion limit of hydrogen can be reached more quickly; 3) The space in the shell becomes smaller, and the space in the containment shell also becomes smaller by reducing the volume of the containment shell, so that the arrangement of systems and equipment in a reactor plant is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a design scheme of a two-stage pressure-bearing containment vessel based on a multi-stage pressure-bearing principle. By the "multistage pressure-bearing" principle, it is meant that, for a pressure-bearing structure consisting of a plurality of layers of pressure-bearing vessels, N layers of pressure-bearing vessels are under the background pressure of N +1 layers of pressure-bearing vessels, and each layer of pressure-bearing vessels is subjected to the same or similar pressure difference. When the principle is applied to the design of the double-layer containment vessel, the inner-layer containment vessel and the outer-layer containment vessel bear pressure simultaneously, and the absolute pressure borne by the inner-layer containment vessel is obviously improved because the inner-layer containment vessel is under the background pressure of the outer-layer containment vessel. By the design scheme, the scale of the containment vessel can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the pressure bearing capacity of the containment vessel, and the overall economy of the nuclear power plant is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment comprises an outer-layer containment and an inner-layer containment arranged in the outer-layer containment, wherein the pressure in the outer-layer containment and the pressure in the inner-layer containment can be adjusted.
Further, an annular space is formed between the outer containment and the inner containment, and pressure between the outer containment and the inner containment is transferred; and a heat exporting system is arranged in the annular space and is used for exporting the heat in the annular space to the outside of the outer containment, so that the pressure in the outer containment is reduced.
Furthermore, a constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve is arranged on the inner containment vessel and used for guiding the steam in the inner containment vessel out of the annular space, and the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve is arranged in the annular space.
Further, the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve is connected with a water washing device, and the water vapor guided out by the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve is released into the annular space through the water washing device; the water washing device is used for removing water vapor discharged after an accident and reducing the radioactivity level.
Further, a second pressure sensor is arranged inside the inner containment and used for obtaining the numerical value of the pressure inside the outer containment.
Further, a first pressure sensor is arranged in the annular space and used for obtaining a numerical value of the pressure in the inner containment.
The valve control system can acquire the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, monitor the pressure difference between the inner containment and the annular space, and open and close the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve according to a pressure difference set value.
Further, the inner-layer containment vessel is a steel containment vessel with air tightness or a prestressed reinforced concrete containment vessel with a steel lining; the outer containment is a prestressed concrete structure with a steel lining.
Further, the constant pressure one-way pressure relief valve can take the form of a variety of valves, including spring ajar pressure relief valves.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the design pressure of the containment can reach P under the accident condition 4 The pressure bearing value comprises P borne by the outer containment 2 2 -P 0 Pressure, including the (P) to which the inner containment vessel 1 is subjected 4 -P 2 ) Pressure, under the premise of no change of other conditions, the pressure bearing capacity of the containment is improved by P by adopting the design 2 Considering that the pressure bearing capacity is obviously improved after the volumes of the inner-layer containment vessel 1 and the outer-layer containment vessel 2 are reduced, the pressure bearing capacity becomes the basis for reducing the size of the containment vessel on the premise that the pressure bearing capacity is not changed. (P) 0 、P 2 、P 4 See the detailed description section. )
2. Compared with the current typical containment scheme, under the same design pressure, the two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment provided by the invention can obviously reduce the size of a containment system, reduce the using amount of reinforced concrete and reduce the overall cost. Meanwhile, the reduction of the size of the containment system reduces the occupied area of the nuclear power plant, and further improves the economy. Moreover, the containment design with double layers having air tightness further improves the tightness of the containment, reduces the radius of an emergency area under the accident condition and improves the environmental friendliness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage pressurized double containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-inner-layer containment, 2-outer-layer containment, 3-constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve, 4-annular space, 5-first pressure sensor (annular space pressure sensor), 6-second pressure sensor (inner-layer containment environment pressure sensor), 7-valve control system, 8-washing device and 9-heat exporting system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel provided by the invention comprises an outer-layer containment vessel 2 and an inner-layer containment vessel 1 arranged inside the outer-layer containment vessel 2, wherein the pressure inside the outer-layer containment vessel 2 and the pressure inside the inner-layer containment vessel 1 can be adjusted.
An annular space 4 is formed between the outer-layer containment vessel 2 and the inner-layer containment vessel 1, and pressure between the outer-layer containment vessel 2 and the inner-layer containment vessel 1 is transferred; a heat removal system 9 is provided in the annular space 4, and the heat removal system 9 is configured to remove heat from the annular space 4 to the outside of the outer containment vessel 2, thereby reducing the pressure in the outer containment vessel 2 (i.e., reducing the pressure in the annular space 4).
The inner containment 1 is provided with a constant pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 for guiding high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the inner containment 1 out to the annular space 4, and the constant pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is arranged in the annular space 4.
The constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is connected with the water washing device 8, and water vapor led out by the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is released into the annular space 4 through the water washing device 8; the water wash device 8 is used to remove water vapour from the discharge after an accident, reducing the level of radioactivity.
And a second pressure sensor 6 is arranged in the inner containment 1 and used for obtaining the numerical value of the pressure in the outer containment 2.
A first pressure sensor 5 is arranged inside the annular space 4 and used for obtaining the value of the pressure inside the inner containment 1.
The pressure control system 7 is used for controlling the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3, the pressure difference between the pressure reaching the inner containment 1 and the annular space 4 can be monitored by the first pressure sensor 5 and the second pressure sensor 6, and the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is opened and closed according to a pressure difference set value through the valve control system 7.
The inner-layer containment vessel 1 is a steel containment vessel with air tightness or a prestressed reinforced concrete containment vessel with a steel lining; the outer containment vessel 2 is a prestressed concrete structure with a steel liner.
The constant pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 can take the form of a variety of valves, including spring-actuated pressure relief valves.
The specific implementation process of the two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel provided by the invention under the accident condition is as follows:
when mass energy release accident occurs in the inner containment vessel 1, the inner containment vessel 1 bears the design reference pressure P 1 The annular space 4 is at a pressure P 0 Ambient pressure P e (ii) a When the pressure in the inner containment vessel 1 gradually rises, the pressure difference (P) at two sides of the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is caused 1 -P 0 ) When the pressure is larger than the set value, the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is opened, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the inner-layer containment 1 is released to the annular space 4 through the water washing device 8, and the pressure of the annular space 4 is increased to P 2 The pressure in the inner containment vessel 1 slowly rises to P 3 Pressure difference (P) between both sides of the constant pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 3 -P 2 ) When the pressure is less than the fixed value, the fixed pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 is in a closed state; then, the pressure in the inner containment vessel 1 continues to rise to P 4 This value is the maximum value that the absolute pressure of the inner containment vessel 1 can reach, and is also the value of the inner containment vessel 1 design pressure.
The heat removal system 9 provided in the annular space 4 is operated to continuously remove heat from the annular space 4, wherein the annular space is now filled with heatThe pressure in the space 4 is reduced to P 5 (ii) a As the pressure in the annular space 4 continues to decrease to P 6 When the pressure difference (P) between both sides of the constant pressure one-way pressure relief valve 3 7 -P 6 ) When the pressure in the containment vessel is more than the opening fixed value of the valve, the valve is opened, the pressure in the inner containment vessel 1 is relieved to the annular space 4, and the pressure in the containment vessel is further reduced to P 8 . With the continuous operation of the heat removal system 9, the pressure relief process to the annular space 4 will occur repeatedly, thereby achieving a continuous reduction in the pressure and temperature of the containment, ensuring the integrity of the containment.
The device according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and other embodiments can be derived by those skilled in the art according to the technical solutions of the present invention, and the device also belongs to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel comprises an outer-layer containment vessel (2) and an inner-layer containment vessel (1) arranged inside the outer-layer containment vessel (2), and is characterized in that: the pressure in the outer containment (2) and the pressure in the inner containment (1) can be adjusted.
2. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 1, wherein: an annular space (4) is formed between the outer containment (2) and the inner containment (1) and is used for transferring the pressure between the outer containment (2) and the inner containment (1); a heat export system (9) is arranged in the annular space (4), and the heat export system (9) is used for exporting the heat in the annular space (4) to the outside of the outer containment (2) so as to reduce the pressure in the outer containment (2).
3. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 2, wherein: the inner containment (1) is provided with a constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3) for leading out the steam in the inner containment (1) to the annular space (4), and the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3) is arranged in the annular space (4).
4. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 3, wherein: the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3) is connected with the water washing device (8), and the water vapor led out by the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3) is released into the annular space (4) through the water washing device (8); the water washing device (8) is used for removing water vapor discharged after an accident and reducing the radioactivity level.
5. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 4, wherein: and a second pressure sensor (6) is arranged in the inner-layer containment vessel (1) and is used for obtaining the numerical value of the pressure in the outer-layer containment vessel (2).
6. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 5, wherein: and a first pressure sensor (5) is arranged in the annular space (4) and used for obtaining the value of the pressure in the inner containment (1).
7. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 6, wherein: the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve is characterized by further comprising a valve control system (7) used for controlling the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3), wherein the valve control system (7) can obtain the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor (5) and the second pressure sensor (6) in a monitoring mode and reach the inner containment (1) and the annular space (4), and the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3) is opened and closed according to a pressure difference set value.
8. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 1, wherein: the inner-layer containment vessel (1) is a steel containment vessel with air tightness or a prestressed reinforced concrete containment vessel with a steel lining; the outer containment (2) is a prestressed concrete structure with a steel lining.
9. The two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment vessel of claim 4, wherein: the constant-pressure one-way pressure relief valve (3) can adopt various forms of valves, and the form of the valve comprises a spring micro-opening type pressure relief valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211285795.6A CN115831401A (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211285795.6A CN115831401A (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115831401A true CN115831401A (en) | 2023-03-21 |
Family
ID=85525082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211285795.6A Pending CN115831401A (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115831401A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-10-20 CN CN202211285795.6A patent/CN115831401A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101719386B (en) | Entire passive shutdown safe cooling device of advanced pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and operation program thereof | |
| CN103985422A (en) | Active and passive nuclear steam supplying system based on 177 reactor core and nuclear power station thereof | |
| CN1351355A (en) | BWR nuclear power generator | |
| CN101079333A (en) | Nuclear reactor non-energy and multi-function pool voltage-stabling system | |
| Lee et al. | Extended station blackout coping capabilities of APR1400 | |
| Song et al. | Overview of containment filtered vent under severe accident conditions at Wolsong NPP unit 1 | |
| CN203366752U (en) | Passive pressurized water reactor depressurizing system | |
| Petroski et al. | Design of a direct-cycle supercritical CO2 nuclear reactor with heavy water moderation | |
| Zhipeng et al. | Discussion on the accident behavior and accident management of the HTGR | |
| CN115831401A (en) | Two-stage pressure-bearing double-layer containment | |
| CN101732810A (en) | Method for analyzing weak link in fire of nuclear power plant | |
| CN205541969U (en) | Active protection system of PWR non - and pressure differential valve of relying on oneself | |
| Gauntt et al. | MELCOR simulations of the severe accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1 reactor | |
| Yu et al. | Assessment of severe accident management for small IPWR under an ESBO scenario | |
| Park et al. | Detailed evaluation of coolant injection into the reactor vessel with RCS depressurization for high pressure sequences | |
| Jeong et al. | The effect of tube rupture location on the consequences of multiple steam generator tube rupture event | |
| Uspuras et al. | Specific features of the RBMK-1500 reactor and BDBA management | |
| Chang et al. | Advanced design features adopted in SMART | |
| Sun et al. | RELAP5 foresight thermal-hydraulic analysis of hypothesis passive safety injection system under LOCA for an existing NPP in China | |
| CN111710445A (en) | Safety facility configuration scheme for pressure vessel top double-layer shell design | |
| Jeong et al. | Effects of tube rupture modeling and the parameters on the analysis of multiple steam generator tube rupture event progression in APR1400 | |
| Wang et al. | A preliminary probabilistic safety assessment for ITER | |
| CN210039650U (en) | Passive residual heat removal system | |
| CN202258386U (en) | Nanomaterial control rod for supercritical water reactor | |
| Yan et al. | Passive safety systems of advanced nuclear power plant: AP1000 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |