CN115828311A - A blockchain-based incentive mechanism method for group intelligence privacy protection - Google Patents

A blockchain-based incentive mechanism method for group intelligence privacy protection Download PDF

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CN115828311A
CN115828311A CN202310114476.7A CN202310114476A CN115828311A CN 115828311 A CN115828311 A CN 115828311A CN 202310114476 A CN202310114476 A CN 202310114476A CN 115828311 A CN115828311 A CN 115828311A
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CN115828311B (en
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童飞
周远航
王凯明
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a block chain-based crowd sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method, which can effectively stimulate workers to participate in crowd sensing tasks under given cost constraint, maximize a coverage function and simultaneously ensure the privacy of users; the crowd sensing system based on the block chain can realize decentralization and ensure privacy and safety; the incentive mechanism method provided by the invention can maximize the coverage function under the given budget, and carry out the user recruitment process and the reward calculation process; the invention designs a specific protocol based on the intelligent contract of the block chain, and can be suitable for most block chain systems; the incentive mechanism provided by the invention has the advantages of computational effectiveness, individuality, authenticity, proximity and privacy protection, and can obtain higher coverage, lower payment and more complete security, including authorization authentication, user anonymity and user data privacy, compared with a similar algorithm.

Description

一种基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法A blockchain-based incentive mechanism method for group intelligence privacy protection

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及物联网应用、近似算法、分布式系统领域，特别涉及一种基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法。The invention relates to the fields of Internet of Things applications, approximate algorithms, and distributed systems, and in particular to a block chain-based crowd sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method.

背景技术Background technique

群智感知是一种结合了移动设备感知能力和众包的数据收集方式，能够借助一般用户的力量收集大规模的感知数据；群智感知目前已广泛应用于多个领域，包括交通监测、环境检测、医疗保护、基于位置的服务等；群智感知具有高扩展性和低专业要求的特性。Crowdsensing is a data collection method that combines the sensing capabilities of mobile devices and crowdsourcing. It can collect large-scale sensing data with the help of ordinary users. Crowdsensing has been widely used in many fields, including traffic monitoring, environmental Detection, medical protection, location-based services, etc.; crowd sensing has the characteristics of high scalability and low professional requirements.

传统群智感知系统过于依赖中心化的服务器，具有单点故障的问题，因而缺失了群智感知系统的鲁棒性；因此，引入区块链技术，取代传统服务器，实现去中心化的群智感知系统，有利于提高群智感知系统的安全性；目前大部分区块链支持智能合约技术，智能合约能够实现系统设定的协议功能，自动、可信地执行给定任务，适合用于实现群智感知流程中的具体交互。The traditional swarm intelligence system relies too much on centralized servers and has the problem of single point of failure, thus lacking the robustness of the swarm intelligence system; therefore, blockchain technology is introduced to replace traditional servers and realize decentralized swarm intelligence The perception system is conducive to improving the security of the crowd-sensing system; most blockchains currently support smart contract technology, and smart contracts can realize the protocol functions set by the system, automatically and credibly perform given tasks, and are suitable for realizing Specific interactions in the crowd sensing process.

目前限制群智感知的主要问题是参与度不足和数据质量不稳定，因此为群智感知系统设计有效的激励机制以提高参与度，是至关重要的；激励机制的目标是选择合适的群智感知参与者，并根据他们的贡献支付一定金钱形式的奖励；目前主流的设计思路是，设定一个优化目标，例如最大化群智感知平台的收益，据此选择合适的群智感知参与者，并决定给予他们的支付报酬。The main problems currently limiting crowd sensing are insufficient participation and unstable data quality, so it is crucial to design an effective incentive mechanism for the crowd sensing system to increase participation; the goal of the incentive mechanism is to select the appropriate crowd intelligence Sensing participants, and paying certain monetary rewards according to their contributions; the current mainstream design idea is to set an optimization goal, such as maximizing the revenue of the crowdsensing platform, and select appropriate crowdsensing participants accordingly. And decide to give them a payment reward.

目前基于区块链的激励机制设计存在以下问题：部分工作设计了多样的激励机制，却忽略了如何在区块链中通过智能合约实现这些机制，因而这些工作并不具备普适性；一些工作在设计优化场景时主要是优化实体的收益，而忽略了群智感知中的数据质量因素的重要性；大部分工作都认为是区块链以及智能合约是具备很高安全性的，但实际上，由于区块链的公开性和智能合约的透明性，激励机制的运行很容易造成隐私泄露，抑制用户的参与积极性。At present, there are the following problems in the design of incentive mechanisms based on blockchain: some works design various incentive mechanisms, but ignore how to realize these mechanisms through smart contracts in the blockchain, so these works are not universal; When designing optimization scenarios, it is mainly to optimize the income of entities, while ignoring the importance of data quality factors in crowd sensing; most of the work thinks that blockchain and smart contracts are highly secure, but in fact , due to the openness of the blockchain and the transparency of the smart contract, the operation of the incentive mechanism can easily cause privacy leaks and inhibit the enthusiasm of users to participate.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述问题，本发明设计了一种基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，能够在给定的成本约束下，有效刺激工人参与群智感知任务，最大化覆盖函数，同时保证用户的隐私性；本发明提出的基于区块链的群智感知系统，能够实现去中心化，并保证隐私性和安全性；本发明提出的激励机制方法，包括用户招募过程和报酬计算过程；本发明基于区块链的智能合约，根据群智感知的步骤设计了具体协议，能够适用于大部分区块链系统；本发明提出的激励机制方法具有计算有效性、个体理性、真实性、近似度和隐私保护性，能够比同类算法取得更高的覆盖、更低的支付以及更完备的安全性，包括授权认证、用户匿名和用户数据隐私。In view of the above problems, the present invention designs a blockchain-based crowd sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method, which can effectively stimulate workers to participate in crowd sensing tasks under a given cost constraint, maximize the coverage function, and at the same time ensure that users privacy; the block chain-based crowd-sensing system proposed by the present invention can realize decentralization and ensure privacy and security; the incentive mechanism method proposed by the present invention includes the user recruitment process and the remuneration calculation process; Invented a blockchain-based smart contract, designed a specific protocol according to the steps of group intelligence perception, and can be applied to most blockchain systems; the incentive mechanism method proposed by the invention has computational validity, individual rationality, authenticity, and approximation And privacy protection, it can achieve higher coverage, lower payment and more complete security than similar algorithms, including authorization authentication, user anonymity and user data privacy.

本发明的技术方案是：Technical scheme of the present invention is:

一种基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：A blockchain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

步骤1：对基于区块链的群智感知系统进行设计和数学建模，基于反向拍卖，建立包含请求者、工人、区块链和激励机制的群智感知系统结构，建立请求者、工人、群智感知任务、报酬和工人收益的数学模型；Step 1: Design and mathematically model the blockchain-based crowd-sensing system. Based on the reverse auction, establish a crowd-sensing system structure including requesters, workers, blockchains and incentive mechanisms, and establish requesters, workers , a mathematical model of crowd sensing tasks, rewards, and worker benefits;

步骤2： 基于位置相关的群智感知系统的特点，设计覆盖函数作为优化目标，并构建预算约束下最大化覆盖函数的优化问题；Step 2: Based on the characteristics of the location-related crowd sensing system, design the coverage function as the optimization goal, and construct the optimization problem of maximizing the coverage function under the budget constraint;

步骤3： 基于区块链的智能合约技术，设计群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架，共包含六个阶段：注册阶段、任务投递阶段、投标阶段、工人招募阶段、数据提交阶段和支付阶段；Step 3: Based on blockchain smart contract technology, design the framework of crowd-sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism, which includes six stages: registration stage, task delivery stage, bidding stage, worker recruitment stage, data submission stage and payment stage;

步骤4：注册阶段中，工人和请求者在区块链上进行注册，以取得身份凭证，用于后续操作中的认证，并用椭圆曲线密码学作为公私钥体系；Step 4: In the registration phase, workers and requesters register on the blockchain to obtain identity credentials for authentication in subsequent operations, and use elliptic curve cryptography as the public-private key system;

步骤5：任务投递阶段中，完成注册后的请求者通过调用任务投递合约将自己的群智感知任务发布到区块链上；Step 5: In the task delivery phase, the requester after completing the registration publishes his group intelligence task to the blockchain by calling the task delivery contract;

步骤6：投标阶段中，完成注册后的工人通过调用投标合约进行竞标操作，为了保证标书的隐私性，标书是以Pedersen承诺的形式上传到区块链的，为了保证工人的匿名性，采用了环签名方法作为认证方式；Step 6: In the bidding phase, the workers who have completed the registration call the bidding contract to conduct bidding operations. In order to ensure the privacy of the bidding documents, the bidding documents are uploaded to the blockchain in the form of Pedersen commitments. In order to ensure the anonymity of the workers, a Ring signature method as authentication method;

步骤7：工人招募阶段中，所有参与竞标的工人需要揭露自己的真实标书，标书揭露合约会对工人的投标信息进行核实，并排除所有信息非法的工人，剩余工人的信息将作为输入送给激励机制合约，激励机制合约在预定时间会自动执行，并将得到的结果公布；Step 7: In the worker recruitment stage, all workers participating in the bidding need to disclose their real bid documents. The bid document disclosure contract will verify the bid information of the workers and exclude all workers with illegal information. The information of the remaining workers will be sent to the incentive as input Mechanism contract, the incentive mechanism contract will be automatically executed at the scheduled time, and the result will be announced;

步骤8：数据提交阶段中，所有赢家需要将自己的数据加密后提交到星际文件系统中，并将数据的摘要和存储地址加密后通过数据提交合约上传到区块链中；Step 8: In the data submission phase, all winners need to encrypt their data and submit it to the interstellar file system, and encrypt the abstract and storage address of the data and upload it to the blockchain through the data submission contract;

步骤9：支付阶段中，请求者给予每个赢家一定报酬，该报酬由激励机制计算得到。Step 9: In the payment phase, the requester gives each winner a certain reward, which is calculated by the incentive mechanism.

进一步，所述步骤1中，群智感知系统结构如下：Further, in said step 1, the structure of the crowd sensing system is as follows:

群智感知系统包括请求者、工人、区块链和激励机制四种角色；请求者

Figure SMS_2
是感知任务的发起者，请求者集合用
Figure SMS_5
表示，
Figure SMS_7
的任务集合用
Figure SMS_3
表示，
Figure SMS_6
包含
Figure SMS_8
个感知任务；工人
Figure SMS_9
是感知任务的执行者，工人集合用
Figure SMS_1
表示，共包含
Figure SMS_4
个工人；区块链为群智感知提供安全平台；激励机制是区块链上部署的程序，其目标是选择工人并决定给予工人的报酬；The crowd sensing system includes four roles: requester, worker, blockchain and incentive mechanism; requester
Figure SMS_2
is the initiator of the perception task, and the set of requesters uses
Figure SMS_5
express,
Figure SMS_7
set of tasks for
Figure SMS_3
express,
Figure SMS_6
Include
Figure SMS_8
perceptual tasks; workers
Figure SMS_9
is the executor of the perception task, and the worker set uses
Figure SMS_1
said, including
Figure SMS_4
The blockchain provides a secure platform for crowd sensing; the incentive mechanism is a program deployed on the blockchain, whose goal is to select workers and determine the rewards given to them;

每个工人

Figure SMS_11
提交一个三元组标书
Figure SMS_13
，其中
Figure SMS_16
是工人
Figure SMS_12
的位置，
Figure SMS_15
是该工人的任务集合，包含其愿意执行的所有任务，
Figure SMS_18
是工人
Figure SMS_19
的报价，用
Figure SMS_10
表示工人
Figure SMS_14
的真实成本，
Figure SMS_17
是私密的只有本人知道；per worker
Figure SMS_11
Submit a triplet bid
Figure SMS_13
,in
Figure SMS_16
is a worker
Figure SMS_12
s position,
Figure SMS_15
is the task set of the worker, including all the tasks it is willing to perform,
Figure SMS_18
is a worker
Figure SMS_19
quote with
Figure SMS_10
means worker
Figure SMS_14
the true cost of
Figure SMS_17
It is private and only known to me;

给定标书档案

Figure SMS_20
，激励机制的目标是选择一个赢家集合
Figure SMS_21
，并决定给予每个赢家的报酬，赢家的报酬大小应取决于其对任务的贡献，用
Figure SMS_22
表示档案，其中
Figure SMS_23
是给予工人
Figure SMS_24
的报酬，如果工人
Figure SMS_25
是输家，则
Figure SMS_26
；given bid file
Figure SMS_20
, the goal of the incentive mechanism is to select a winner set
Figure SMS_21
, and decide the reward given to each winner, the size of the winner’s reward should depend on its contribution to the task, using
Figure SMS_22
represents a file, where
Figure SMS_23
is given to workers
Figure SMS_24
remuneration, if the worker
Figure SMS_25
is a loser, then
Figure SMS_26
;

工人

Figure SMS_27
的收益
Figure SMS_28
能够通过报酬减去真实成本计算，即Worker
Figure SMS_27
income
Figure SMS_28
can be calculated by subtracting the true cost from the remuneration, ie

Figure SMS_29
。
Figure SMS_29
.

进一步，所述步骤2中，考虑位置相关的群智感知系统，定义覆盖函数

Figure SMS_30
如下：Further, in the step 2, considering the location-related crowd sensing system, define the coverage function
Figure SMS_30
as follows:

Figure SMS_31
，
Figure SMS_31
,

其中

Figure SMS_33
是任务
Figure SMS_36
的权重，由任务的位置重要性和价值决定，
Figure SMS_39
是任务
Figure SMS_34
被集合
Figure SMS_37
中的工人执行的次数，
Figure SMS_40
是控制收益递减梯度的系统参数，用
Figure SMS_41
和
Figure SMS_32
分别表示任务
Figure SMS_35
的位置重要性和价值，权重
Figure SMS_38
计算公式为in
Figure SMS_33
is the task
Figure SMS_36
The weight of , determined by the positional importance and value of the task,
Figure SMS_39
is the task
Figure SMS_34
be assembled
Figure SMS_37
The number of worker executions in ,
Figure SMS_40
is the system parameter controlling the gradient of diminishing returns, with
Figure SMS_41
and
Figure SMS_32
represent tasks respectively
Figure SMS_35
The positional importance and value of the weight
Figure SMS_38
The calculation formula is

Figure SMS_42
，
Figure SMS_42
,

其中

Figure SMS_43
是平衡参数；激励机制的目标是在一个固定的预算
Figure SMS_44
下最大化覆盖函数，该问题称为预算约束下最大化覆盖函数问题，形式化为in
Figure SMS_43
is the balance parameter; the incentive mechanism is aimed at a fixed budget
Figure SMS_44
The problem of maximizing the cover function under the budget constraint is called the problem of maximizing the cover function under the budget constraint, which is formalized as

Figure SMS_45
。
Figure SMS_45
.

进一步，所述步骤3中，群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架，共包含六个阶段：注册阶段、任务投递阶段、投标阶段、工人招募阶段、数据提交阶段和支付阶段；客户端的操作实现请求者和工人与智能合约之间的交互，智能合约实现请求处理、功能实现和数据上链，智能合约与区块链进行交互，完成数据上链过程，上述过程构成群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架。Further, in the step 3, the crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism framework includes six stages: registration stage, task delivery stage, bidding stage, worker recruitment stage, data submission stage and payment stage; the operation of the client realizes the requester And the interaction between workers and smart contracts, smart contracts realize request processing, function realization and data uploading, and smart contracts interact with blockchain to complete the process of data uploading. The above process constitutes the framework of group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism.

进一步，所述步骤4中，注册阶段如下：Further, in the step 4, the registration stage is as follows:

所有请求者和工人在首次加入群智感知系统时需要进行注册，并取得一对公钥和私钥，系统采用椭圆曲线密码学作为密钥管理方案，系统事先设定好采用的椭圆曲线

Figure SMS_48
、素数阶
Figure SMS_50
和曲线上一公共基准点
Figure SMS_52
，并公开这些信息，工人
Figure SMS_47
随机选择私钥
Figure SMS_51
，满足
Figure SMS_53
，则对应的公钥为
Figure SMS_54
，私钥由工人自己进行保存，公钥进行公开，注册时工人会取得一个身份标识
Figure SMS_46
，请求者
Figure SMS_49
注册过程相同。All requesters and workers need to register when they join the crowd sensing system for the first time, and obtain a pair of public key and private key. The system uses elliptic curve cryptography as the key management scheme, and the system pre-sets the elliptic curve used
Figure SMS_48
, prime order
Figure SMS_50
and a common reference point on the curve
Figure SMS_52
, and to disclose this information, workers
Figure SMS_47
random private key
Figure SMS_51
,satisfy
Figure SMS_53
, the corresponding public key is
Figure SMS_54
, the private key is kept by the worker himself, and the public key is made public. When registering, the worker will obtain an identity
Figure SMS_46
, the requester
Figure SMS_49
The registration process is the same.

进一步，所述步骤5中，任务投递阶段如下：Further, in the step 5, the task delivery stage is as follows:

注册后的请求者能够通过调用任务投递合约发布自己的任务，请求者需要附上使用自己私钥生成的数字签名，并由智能合约对其进行验证，任务发布后，工人能够在区块链上查看任务信息，并选择感兴趣的任务；Registered requesters can issue their own tasks by calling the task delivery contract. The requester needs to attach a digital signature generated with its own private key, which will be verified by the smart contract. After the task is released, the worker can post on the blockchain View task information and select the task you are interested in;

每个感知任务包含任务名称、任务位置和任务描述，任务位置根据事先定好的区域进行划分，由数字表示，感知任务信息会附上摘要，以保证未被篡改，任务请求者的

Figure SMS_55
也会公开，便于工人后续找到请求者的公钥，在投递完所有任务后，请求者还会提交一个预算
Figure SMS_56
，表示其对于招募工人所能提供的支付能力。Each perception task includes task name, task location and task description. The task location is divided according to the pre-determined area and represented by numbers. The perception task information will be attached with a summary to ensure that it has not been tampered with. The task requester’s
Figure SMS_55
It will also be made public, so that workers can find the public key of the requester later. After all tasks are delivered, the requester will also submit a budget
Figure SMS_56
, indicating its ability to pay for recruiting workers.

进一步，所述步骤6中，投标阶段如下：Further, in the step 6, the bidding stage is as follows:

注册后的工人能够根据自己的意愿选择自己的任务集，并通过调用投标合约进行投标，投标中的信息包括位置信息、任务集合和报价都是以数值的方式存在，并使用Pedersen承诺进行隐藏，事先给定椭圆曲线

Figure SMS_57
和两个基准点
Figure SMS_58
和
Figure SMS_59
，且
Figure SMS_60
是未知的，对于需要隐藏的真值
Figure SMS_61
，Pedersen承诺计算公式为
Figure SMS_62
，其中
Figure SMS_63
为随机选择的盲因子；Registered workers can choose their own set of tasks according to their own wishes, and bid by calling the bidding contract. The information in the bid, including location information, task sets, and quotations, exists in numerical form and is hidden using Pedersen commitments. Given the elliptic curve in advance
Figure SMS_57
and two benchmarks
Figure SMS_58
and
Figure SMS_59
,and
Figure SMS_60
is unknown, for the truth value that needs to be hidden
Figure SMS_61
, the calculation formula of Pedersen commitment is
Figure SMS_62
,in
Figure SMS_63
is a randomly selected blinding factor;

工人在投标步骤中，除了提交Pedersen承诺之外，还需要附上一个环签名，以匿名地验证自己的身份，给定椭圆曲线

Figure SMS_66
和基准点
Figure SMS_69
，
Figure SMS_72
个工人的公钥表示为
Figure SMS_65
，
Figure SMS_70
，假设真正签名者的顺序参数为
Figure SMS_73
，
Figure SMS_75
，签名者的私钥表示为
Figure SMS_64
，用
Figure SMS_68
表示签名者的密钥图像，其中
Figure SMS_71
是签名者的公钥，
Figure SMS_74
是一个满足密码学安全性的哈希函数，其返回值为
Figure SMS_67
上的一个点，签名过程如下：In the bidding step, in addition to submitting the Pedersen commitment, workers also need to attach a ring signature to verify their identity anonymously. Given the elliptic curve
Figure SMS_66
and datum
Figure SMS_69
,
Figure SMS_72
The public key of a worker is denoted as
Figure SMS_65
,
Figure SMS_70
, assuming that the order parameter of the real signer is
Figure SMS_73
,
Figure SMS_75
, the private key of the signer is expressed as
Figure SMS_64
,use
Figure SMS_68
represents the key image of the signer, where
Figure SMS_71
is the signer's public key,
Figure SMS_74
is a cryptographically secure hash function whose return value is
Figure SMS_67
At a point above, the signing process is as follows:

用

Figure SMS_78
表示待签名的消息，签名者为所有工人
Figure SMS_83
生成随机因子
Figure SMS_87
和随机变量
Figure SMS_79
，其中
Figure SMS_81
是
Figure SMS_85
的素数阶，
Figure SMS_89
是整数模
Figure SMS_76
的剩余集合，用
Figure SMS_80
表示工人
Figure SMS_84
的随机因子对应公钥，用
Figure SMS_88
表示工人
Figure SMS_77
的随机因子对应密钥图像，用
Figure SMS_82
表示工人
Figure SMS_86
的随机因子组合后的哈希值，签名者进行下述计算；use
Figure SMS_78
Indicates the message to be signed, and the signers are all workers
Figure SMS_83
generate random factors
Figure SMS_87
and a random variable
Figure SMS_79
,in
Figure SMS_81
yes
Figure SMS_85
the prime order of
Figure SMS_89
is the integer modulo
Figure SMS_76
The remaining set of , with
Figure SMS_80
means worker
Figure SMS_84
The random factor of corresponds to the public key, with
Figure SMS_88
means worker
Figure SMS_77
The random factor of corresponds to the key image, with
Figure SMS_82
means worker
Figure SMS_86
The hash value after the combination of random factors, the signer performs the following calculations;

Figure SMS_90
，
Figure SMS_90
,

其中

Figure SMS_91
是一个返回
Figure SMS_92
中某个值的哈希函数，接下来，签名者连续进行下述计算in
Figure SMS_91
is a return
Figure SMS_92
The hash function of a value in , then, the signer continuously performs the following calculations

Figure SMS_93
，
Figure SMS_93
,

其中

Figure SMS_94
，令
Figure SMS_95
，因此
Figure SMS_96
，因而in
Figure SMS_94
,make
Figure SMS_95
,therefore
Figure SMS_96
,thus

Figure SMS_97
，
Figure SMS_97
,

最后环签名表示为

Figure SMS_98
，签名者附上生成的环签名，完成投标过程，该过程中，所有标书信息是隐藏的，并且投标的工人身份也是匿名的，智能合约需要对环签名进行验证，验证过程如下：The final ring signature is expressed as
Figure SMS_98
, the signer attaches the generated ring signature to complete the bidding process. During this process, all bidding information is hidden, and the identity of the bidding worker is also anonymous. The smart contract needs to verify the ring signature. The verification process is as follows:

智能合约端进行如下计算The smart contract side performs the following calculations

Figure SMS_99
，
Figure SMS_99
,

Figure SMS_100
，
Figure SMS_100
,

如果

Figure SMS_101
，那么环签名
Figure SMS_102
是合法的，特别地，如果两个环签名拥有重复的密钥图像
Figure SMS_103
，那么称这两个环签名被链接，并且他们的签名者是同一个工人，为了方便标识，对于匿名工人，会新生成一个
Figure SMS_104
，智能合约完成验证后，投标阶段结束。if
Figure SMS_101
, then the ring signature
Figure SMS_102
is legal, in particular, if two ring signatures have duplicate key images
Figure SMS_103
, then it is said that the two ring signatures are linked, and their signers are the same worker. For the convenience of identification, for anonymous workers, a new one will be generated
Figure SMS_104
, after the smart contract completes verification, the bidding phase ends.

进一步，所述步骤7中，工人招募阶段如下：Further, in the step 7, the worker recruitment stage is as follows:

所有参与竞标的工人需要通过调用标书揭露合约揭露自己的标书真值，智能合约会根据真值与先前提交的Pedersen承诺进行比对验证，对于承诺

Figure SMS_106
和收到的真值
Figure SMS_109
，计算
Figure SMS_111
，如果
Figure SMS_107
，那么承诺合法，智能合约排除掉所有承诺非法的工人，并将剩余工人的信息进行整合，用
Figure SMS_108
表示最终的匿名工人集合，用
Figure SMS_110
表示最终的标书文档，
Figure SMS_112
和
Figure SMS_105
会被送到激励机制合约中作为输入；All workers participating in the bidding need to disclose the true value of their bid by calling the bid disclosure contract. The smart contract will compare and verify the true value with the previously submitted Pedersen commitment. For the commitment
Figure SMS_106
and the received truth value
Figure SMS_109
,calculate
Figure SMS_111
,if
Figure SMS_107
, then the promise is legal, the smart contract excludes all workers whose promise is illegal, and integrates the information of the remaining workers, using
Figure SMS_108
Denotes the final set of anonymous workers, denoted by
Figure SMS_110
Indicates the final tender document,
Figure SMS_112
and
Figure SMS_105
will be sent to the incentive mechanism contract as input;

激励机制通过智能合约实现，能够在给定时间触发，激励机制的目标是解决预算约束下最大化覆盖函数问题，对工人进行选择，并决定给予赢家的报酬，具体步骤如下：The incentive mechanism is implemented through smart contracts and can be triggered at a given time. The goal of the incentive mechanism is to solve the problem of maximizing the coverage function under budget constraints, select workers, and determine the rewards for the winners. The specific steps are as follows:

S1：初始化赢家集合

Figure SMS_113
，初始化报酬集合
Figure SMS_114
，初始化筛选工人集合
Figure SMS_115
；S1: Initialize the winner set
Figure SMS_113
, initialize the reward set
Figure SMS_114
, initialize the set of filter workers
Figure SMS_115
;

S2：从集合

Figure SMS_116
中随机选择一个值赋予随机变量
Figure SMS_117
；S2: from set
Figure SMS_116
Randomly choose a value from the random variable
Figure SMS_117
;

S3：如果

Figure SMS_118
执行S4，否则跳转到S6；S3: if
Figure SMS_118
Execute S4, otherwise jump to S6;

S4：找到筛选工人集合

Figure SMS_119
中能够使
Figure SMS_120
值最大的匿名工人
Figure SMS_121
；S4: Find the set of filtered workers
Figure SMS_119
can enable
Figure SMS_120
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_121
;

S5：将匿名工人

Figure SMS_122
添加到赢家集合
Figure SMS_123
，并且给予匿名工人
Figure SMS_124
的报酬为
Figure SMS_125
，其中
Figure SMS_126
为预算，跳转到S17；S5: Put anonymous workers
Figure SMS_122
add to winner collection
Figure SMS_123
, and give anonymous workers
Figure SMS_124
is paid for
Figure SMS_125
,in
Figure SMS_126
For budget, skip to S17;

S6：找到筛选工人集合

Figure SMS_127
中能够使
Figure SMS_128
值最大的匿名工人
Figure SMS_129
，其中
Figure SMS_130
；S6: Find the set of filtered workers
Figure SMS_127
can enable
Figure SMS_128
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_129
,in
Figure SMS_130
;

S7：如果

Figure SMS_131
，执行S8，否则跳转到S10；S7: if
Figure SMS_131
, execute S8, otherwise jump to S10;

S8：将匿名工人

Figure SMS_132
添加到赢家集合
Figure SMS_133
；S8: Put anonymous workers
Figure SMS_132
add to winner collection
Figure SMS_133
;

S9：找到集合

Figure SMS_134
中能够使
Figure SMS_135
值最大的匿名工人
Figure SMS_136
，
Figure SMS_137
表示在
Figure SMS_138
中排除集合
Figure SMS_139
中元素后剩余的集合，跳转到S7；S9: find the set
Figure SMS_134
can enable
Figure SMS_135
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_136
,
Figure SMS_137
expressed in
Figure SMS_138
exclude collections
Figure SMS_139
Jump to S7 for the remaining set after the middle element;

S10：对于赢家集合

Figure SMS_140
中的每个匿名工人
Figure SMS_141
，这些工人也称作赢家，执行步骤S11-S16；S10: For the winner set
Figure SMS_140
Each anonymous worker in
Figure SMS_141
, these workers are also called winners, and execute steps S11-S16;

S11：初始化临时赢家集合

Figure SMS_142
；S11: Initialize the set of temporary winners
Figure SMS_142
;

S12：找到集合

Figure SMS_143
中能够使
Figure SMS_144
值最大的第二匿名工人
Figure SMS_145
，
Figure SMS_146
表示排除元素匿名工人
Figure SMS_147
后的集合
Figure SMS_148
；S12: find the set
Figure SMS_143
can enable
Figure SMS_144
The second anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_145
,
Figure SMS_146
Indicates excluded element anonymous workers
Figure SMS_147
collection after
Figure SMS_148
;

S13：如果

Figure SMS_149
，执行S14，否则跳转到S17；S13: if
Figure SMS_149
, execute S14, otherwise jump to S17;

S14：找到集合

Figure SMS_150
中能够使
Figure SMS_151
值最大的第二匿名工人
Figure SMS_152
；S14: find the set
Figure SMS_150
can enable
Figure SMS_151
The second anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_152
;

S15：更新匿名工人

Figure SMS_153
的报酬为S15: Update anonymous workers
Figure SMS_153
is paid for

Figure SMS_154
；
Figure SMS_154
;

S16：将第二匿名工人

Figure SMS_155
加入到临时赢家集合
Figure SMS_156
，跳转到S13；S16: Put the second anonymous worker
Figure SMS_155
Add to set of provisional winners
Figure SMS_156
, jump to S13;

S17：返回赢家集合

Figure SMS_157
和报酬集合
Figure SMS_158
；S17: return the winner set
Figure SMS_157
and reward collection
Figure SMS_158
;

激励机制合约计算得到结果后，在区块链上进行公布，工人能够通过自己的匿名

Figure SMS_159
确认自己是否被选为赢家。After the incentive mechanism contract calculates the result, it is announced on the blockchain, and workers can use their own anonymous
Figure SMS_159
Check to see if you've been selected as a winner.

进一步，所述步骤8中，数据提交阶段如下：Further, in the step 8, the data submission stage is as follows:

赢家需要通过提交收集到的感知数据完成任务，使用星际文件系统作为分布式存储系统以减轻区块链上的存储负担，赢家首先需要与请求者分享一个安全密钥，赢家生成一个一次性私钥

Figure SMS_160
，对应的一次性公钥为
Figure SMS_161
，一次性公钥需要进行上链，一次性私钥由赢家自己拥有，则共享的安全密钥计算公式为
Figure SMS_162
，该密钥只有赢家自己和拥有私钥
Figure SMS_163
的请求者能够计算得到，保证了安全性；The winner needs to complete the task by submitting the collected perception data, using the interstellar file system as a distributed storage system to reduce the storage burden on the blockchain, the winner first needs to share a security key with the requester, and the winner generates a one-time private key
Figure SMS_160
, and the corresponding one-time public key is
Figure SMS_161
, the one-time public key needs to be uploaded to the chain, and the one-time private key is owned by the winner himself, then the formula for calculating the shared security key is
Figure SMS_162
, the key is only the winner himself and owns the private key
Figure SMS_163
The requester can be calculated, ensuring security;

赢家对该共享安全密钥进行取哈希操作，得到最终的加密密钥

Figure SMS_164
，并使用该密钥对提交的数据进行加密，再将加密后的内容传递到星际文件系统上，完成数据的上传，然后赢家需要将所提交数据的哈希值和存储地址使用加密密钥加密后通过数据提交合约上传到区块链上，请求者通过计算加密密钥
Figure SMS_165
，对加密的哈希值和存储地址进行解密，并在星际文件系统取得赢家提交的数据信息，数据的哈希值保证了该数据的完整性和未被篡改性。The winner hashes the shared security key to obtain the final encryption key
Figure SMS_164
, and use the key to encrypt the submitted data, and then pass the encrypted content to the interstellar file system to complete the data upload, and then the winner needs to encrypt the hash value and storage address of the submitted data with the encryption key After uploading to the blockchain through the data submission contract, the requester calculates the encryption key
Figure SMS_165
, decrypt the encrypted hash value and storage address, and obtain the data information submitted by the winner in the interstellar file system. The hash value of the data ensures the integrity of the data and has not been tampered with.

进一步，所述步骤9中，支付阶段如下：Further, in step 9, the payment stage is as follows:

请求者在确认收到赢家提交的感知数据后，根据先前激励机制计算得到的报酬结果，给予该赢家一定数额的支付，完成整个群智感知过程。After confirming the receipt of the sensing data submitted by the winner, the requester will pay the winner a certain amount according to the remuneration result calculated by the previous incentive mechanism to complete the entire crowd sensing process.

本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

本发明提出的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法能够有效刺激工人参与群智感知任务，解决群智感知参与度不足的问题；本发明提出的基于区块链的群智感知系统，无需中心化服务器，能够实现去中心化、隐私性和安全性；本发明提出的激励机制方法，能够在给定的预算下最大化覆盖函数，并取得计算有效性、个体理性、真实性和近似度；本发明提出的激励机制方法基于区块链的智能合约进行了具体协议设计，具有完备性和可行性，能够适用于大部分区块链系统，并保证用户的隐私性；本发明提出的激励机制与同类算法相比能够取得更高的覆盖、更低的支付以及更完备的安全性，包括授权认证、用户匿名和用户数据隐私。The blockchain-based crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism proposed by the present invention can effectively stimulate workers to participate in crowdsensing tasks and solve the problem of insufficient participation in crowdsensing; the blockchain-based crowdsensing system proposed by the present invention , without a centralized server, can achieve decentralization, privacy and security; the incentive mechanism method proposed in the present invention can maximize the coverage function under a given budget, and achieve computational efficiency, individual rationality, authenticity and Approximation; the incentive mechanism method proposed by the present invention is based on the smart contract of the block chain for specific protocol design, which is complete and feasible, can be applied to most block chain systems, and guarantees the privacy of users; the present invention proposes Compared with similar algorithms, the incentive mechanism can achieve higher coverage, lower payment and more complete security, including authorization authentication, user anonymity and user data privacy.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法流程示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism based on blockchain;

图2是激励机制算法的流程示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the incentive mechanism algorithm;

图3（a）是隐私保护激励机制方法中注册、任务投递、激励机制、支付步骤的链上执行时间消耗的测试结果图；Figure 3(a) is a test result diagram of the execution time consumption on the chain of the registration, task delivery, incentive mechanism, and payment steps in the privacy protection incentive mechanism method;

图3（b）是隐私保护激励机制方法中投标、标书揭露、数据提交步骤的链上执行时间消耗的测试结果图；Figure 3(b) is the test result diagram of the on-chain execution time consumption of bidding, bidding document disclosure, and data submission steps in the privacy protection incentive mechanism method;

图4（a）是隐私保护激励机制方法中注册、任务投递、支付步骤的执行时间的测试结果图；Figure 4(a) is the test result diagram of the execution time of registration, task delivery, and payment steps in the privacy protection incentive mechanism method;

图4（b）是隐私保护激励机制方法中投标、工人招募、数据提交步骤的执行时间的测试结果图；Figure 4(b) is the test result diagram of the execution time of the bidding, worker recruitment, and data submission steps in the privacy-preserving incentive mechanism method;

图5（a）是隐私保护激励机制方法取得的优化目标值随工人数量变化的比较结果图；Figure 5(a) is a comparison result of the optimization target value obtained by the privacy protection incentive mechanism method with the number of workers;

图5（b）是隐私保护激励机制方法需要的支付随工人数量变化的比较结果图；Figure 5(b) is a graph comparing the payment required by the privacy protection incentive mechanism method with the number of workers;

图6（a）是隐私保护激励机制方法取得的优化目标值随预算变化的比较结果图；Figure 6(a) is the comparison result of the optimization target value obtained by the privacy protection incentive mechanism method with the budget change;

图6（b）是隐私保护激励机制方法需要的支付随预算变化的比较结果图。Figure 6(b) is a comparison result of the payment required by the privacy protection incentive mechanism method with the budget.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图，对本发明的技术方案和效果进行详细说明。还提供一个和同类激励机制方法进行比较的仿真结果作为实施例，但此实施例仅作为示例，目的在于解释本发明，不能理解为本发明的限制。The technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. A simulation result compared with similar incentive mechanism methods is also provided as an example, but this example is only used as an example for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

实施例1：如图1所示，一种基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其包括以下步骤：Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1, a block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method, which includes the following steps:

步骤1：对基于区块链的群智感知系统进行设计和数学建模，基于反向拍卖，建立包含请求者、工人、区块链和激励机制的群智感知系统结构，建立请求者、工人、群智感知任务、报酬和工人收益的数学模型；Step 1: Design and mathematically model the blockchain-based crowd-sensing system. Based on the reverse auction, establish a crowd-sensing system structure including requesters, workers, blockchains and incentive mechanisms, and establish requesters, workers , a mathematical model of crowd sensing tasks, rewards, and worker benefits;

步骤2： 基于位置相关的群智感知系统的特点，设计覆盖函数作为优化目标，并构建预算约束下最大化覆盖函数的优化问题；Step 2: Based on the characteristics of the location-related crowd sensing system, design the coverage function as the optimization goal, and construct the optimization problem of maximizing the coverage function under the budget constraint;

步骤3： 基于区块链的智能合约技术，设计群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架，共包含六个阶段：注册阶段、任务投递阶段、投标阶段、工人招募阶段、数据提交阶段和支付阶段；Step 3: Based on blockchain smart contract technology, design the framework of crowd-sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism, which includes six stages: registration stage, task delivery stage, bidding stage, worker recruitment stage, data submission stage and payment stage;

步骤4：注册阶段中，工人和请求者在区块链上进行注册，以取得身份凭证，用于后续操作中的认证，并用椭圆曲线密码学作为公私钥体系；Step 4: In the registration phase, workers and requesters register on the blockchain to obtain identity credentials for authentication in subsequent operations, and use elliptic curve cryptography as the public-private key system;

步骤5：任务投递阶段中，完成注册后的请求者通过调用任务投递合约将自己的群智感知任务发布到区块链上；Step 5: In the task delivery phase, the requester after completing the registration publishes his group intelligence task to the blockchain by calling the task delivery contract;

步骤6：投标阶段中，完成注册后的工人通过调用投标合约进行竞标操作，为了保证标书的隐私性，标书是以Pedersen承诺的形式上传到区块链的，为了保证工人的匿名性，采用了环签名方法作为认证方式；Step 6: In the bidding phase, the workers who have completed the registration call the bidding contract to conduct bidding operations. In order to ensure the privacy of the bidding documents, the bidding documents are uploaded to the blockchain in the form of Pedersen commitments. In order to ensure the anonymity of the workers, a Ring signature method as authentication method;

步骤7：工人招募阶段中，所有参与竞标的工人需要揭露自己的真实标书，标书揭露合约会对工人的投标信息进行核实，并排除所有信息非法的工人，剩余工人的信息将作为输入送给激励机制合约，激励机制合约在预定时间会自动执行，并将得到的结果公布；Step 7: In the worker recruitment stage, all workers participating in the bidding need to disclose their real bid documents. The bid document disclosure contract will verify the bid information of the workers and exclude all workers with illegal information. The information of the remaining workers will be sent to the incentive as input Mechanism contract, the incentive mechanism contract will be automatically executed at the scheduled time, and the result will be announced;

步骤8：数据提交阶段中，所有赢家需要将自己的数据加密后提交到星际文件系统中，并将数据的摘要和存储地址加密后通过数据提交合约上传到区块链中；Step 8: In the data submission phase, all winners need to encrypt their data and submit it to the interstellar file system, and encrypt the abstract and storage address of the data and upload it to the blockchain through the data submission contract;

步骤9：支付阶段中，请求者给予每个赢家一定报酬，该报酬由激励机制计算得到。Step 9: In the payment phase, the requester gives each winner a certain reward, which is calculated by the incentive mechanism.

进一步，所述步骤1中，群智感知系统结构如下：Further, in said step 1, the structure of the crowd sensing system is as follows:

群智感知系统包括请求者、工人、区块链和激励机制四种角色；请求者

Figure SMS_167
是感知任务的发起者，请求者集合用
Figure SMS_171
表示，
Figure SMS_173
的任务集合用
Figure SMS_168
表示，
Figure SMS_170
包含
Figure SMS_172
个感知任务；工人
Figure SMS_174
是感知任务的执行者，工人集合用
Figure SMS_166
表示，共包含
Figure SMS_169
个工人；区块链为群智感知提供安全平台；激励机制是区块链上部署的程序，其目标是选择工人并决定给予工人的报酬；The crowd sensing system includes four roles: requester, worker, blockchain and incentive mechanism; requester
Figure SMS_167
is the initiator of the perception task, and the set of requesters uses
Figure SMS_171
express,
Figure SMS_173
set of tasks for
Figure SMS_168
express,
Figure SMS_170
Include
Figure SMS_172
perceptual tasks; workers
Figure SMS_174
is the executor of the perception task, and the worker set uses
Figure SMS_166
said, including
Figure SMS_169
The blockchain provides a secure platform for crowd sensing; the incentive mechanism is a program deployed on the blockchain, whose goal is to select workers and determine the rewards given to them;

每个工人

Figure SMS_177
提交一个三元组标书
Figure SMS_178
，其中
Figure SMS_181
是工人
Figure SMS_176
的位置，
Figure SMS_179
是该工人的任务集合，包含其愿意执行的所有任务，
Figure SMS_182
是工人
Figure SMS_184
的报价，用
Figure SMS_175
表示工人
Figure SMS_180
的真实成本，
Figure SMS_183
是私密的只有本人知道；per worker
Figure SMS_177
Submit a triplet bid
Figure SMS_178
,in
Figure SMS_181
is a worker
Figure SMS_176
s position,
Figure SMS_179
is the task set of the worker, including all the tasks it is willing to perform,
Figure SMS_182
is a worker
Figure SMS_184
quote with
Figure SMS_175
means worker
Figure SMS_180
the true cost of
Figure SMS_183
It is private and only known to me;

给定标书档案

Figure SMS_185
，激励机制的目标是选择一个赢家集合
Figure SMS_186
，并决定给予每个赢家的报酬，赢家的报酬大小应取决于其对任务的贡献，用
Figure SMS_187
表示档案，其中
Figure SMS_188
是给予工人
Figure SMS_189
的报酬，如果工人
Figure SMS_190
是输家，则
Figure SMS_191
；given bid file
Figure SMS_185
, the goal of the incentive mechanism is to select a winner set
Figure SMS_186
, and decide the reward given to each winner, the size of the winner’s reward should depend on its contribution to the task, using
Figure SMS_187
represents a file, where
Figure SMS_188
is given to workers
Figure SMS_189
remuneration, if the worker
Figure SMS_190
is a loser, then
Figure SMS_191
;

工人

Figure SMS_192
的收益
Figure SMS_193
能够通过报酬减去真实成本计算，即Worker
Figure SMS_192
income
Figure SMS_193
can be calculated by subtracting the true cost from the remuneration, ie

Figure SMS_194
。
Figure SMS_194
.

进一步，所述步骤2中，考虑位置相关的群智感知系统，定义覆盖函数

Figure SMS_195
如下：Further, in the step 2, considering the location-related crowd sensing system, define the coverage function
Figure SMS_195
as follows:

Figure SMS_196
，
Figure SMS_196
,

其中

Figure SMS_199
是任务
Figure SMS_202
的权重，由任务的位置重要性和价值决定，
Figure SMS_205
是任务
Figure SMS_198
被集合
Figure SMS_201
中的工人执行的次数，
Figure SMS_204
是控制收益递减梯度的系统参数，用
Figure SMS_206
和
Figure SMS_197
分别表示任务
Figure SMS_200
的位置重要性和价值，权重
Figure SMS_203
计算公式为in
Figure SMS_199
is the task
Figure SMS_202
The weight of , determined by the positional importance and value of the task,
Figure SMS_205
is the task
Figure SMS_198
be assembled
Figure SMS_201
The number of worker executions in ,
Figure SMS_204
is the system parameter controlling the gradient of diminishing returns, with
Figure SMS_206
and
Figure SMS_197
represent tasks respectively
Figure SMS_200
The positional importance and value of the weight
Figure SMS_203
The calculation formula is

Figure SMS_207
，
Figure SMS_207
,

其中

Figure SMS_208
是平衡参数；激励机制的目标是在一个固定的预算
Figure SMS_209
下最大化覆盖函数，该问题称为预算约束下最大化覆盖函数问题，形式化为in
Figure SMS_208
is the balance parameter; the incentive mechanism is aimed at a fixed budget
Figure SMS_209
The problem of maximizing the cover function under the budget constraint is called the problem of maximizing the cover function under the budget constraint, which is formalized as

Figure SMS_210
。
Figure SMS_210
.

进一步，所述步骤3中，群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架，共包含六个阶段：注册阶段、任务投递阶段、投标阶段、工人招募阶段、数据提交阶段和支付阶段；客户端的操作实现请求者和工人与智能合约之间的交互，智能合约实现请求处理、功能实现和数据上链，智能合约与区块链进行交互，完成数据上链过程，上述过程构成群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架。Further, in the step 3, the crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism framework includes six stages: registration stage, task delivery stage, bidding stage, worker recruitment stage, data submission stage and payment stage; the operation of the client realizes the requester And the interaction between workers and smart contracts, smart contracts realize request processing, function realization and data uploading, and smart contracts interact with blockchain to complete the process of data uploading. The above process constitutes the framework of group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism.

进一步，所述步骤4中，注册阶段如下：Further, in the step 4, the registration stage is as follows:

所有请求者和工人在首次加入群智感知系统时需要进行注册，并取得一对公钥和私钥，系统采用椭圆曲线密码学作为密钥管理方案，系统事先设定好采用的椭圆曲线

Figure SMS_212
、素数阶
Figure SMS_214
和曲线上一公共基准点
Figure SMS_217
，并公开这些信息，工人
Figure SMS_213
随机选择私钥
Figure SMS_216
，满足
Figure SMS_218
，则对应的公钥为
Figure SMS_219
，私钥由工人自己进行保存，公钥进行公开，注册时工人会取得一个身份标识
Figure SMS_211
，请求者
Figure SMS_215
注册过程相同。All requesters and workers need to register when they join the crowd sensing system for the first time, and obtain a pair of public key and private key. The system uses elliptic curve cryptography as the key management scheme, and the system pre-sets the elliptic curve used
Figure SMS_212
, prime order
Figure SMS_214
and a common reference point on the curve
Figure SMS_217
, and to disclose this information, workers
Figure SMS_213
random private key
Figure SMS_216
,satisfy
Figure SMS_218
, the corresponding public key is
Figure SMS_219
, the private key is kept by the worker himself, and the public key is made public. When registering, the worker will obtain an identity
Figure SMS_211
, the requester
Figure SMS_215
The registration process is the same.

进一步，所述步骤5中，任务投递阶段如下：Further, in the step 5, the task delivery stage is as follows:

注册后的请求者能够通过调用任务投递合约发布自己的任务，请求者需要附上使用自己私钥生成的数字签名，并由智能合约对其进行验证，任务发布后，工人能够在区块链上查看任务信息，并选择感兴趣的任务；Registered requesters can issue their own tasks by calling the task delivery contract. The requester needs to attach a digital signature generated with its own private key, which will be verified by the smart contract. After the task is released, the worker can post on the blockchain View task information and select the task you are interested in;

每个感知任务包含任务名称、任务位置和任务描述，特别地，任务位置根据事先定好的区域进行划分，由数字表示，感知任务信息会附上摘要，以保证未被篡改，任务请求者的

Figure SMS_220
也会公开，便于工人后续找到请求者的公钥，在投递完所有任务后，请求者还会提交一个预算
Figure SMS_221
，表示其对于招募工人所能提供的支付能力。Each perception task includes the task name, task location and task description. In particular, the task location is divided according to the pre-determined area and represented by numbers. The perception task information will be attached with a summary to ensure that it has not been tampered with.
Figure SMS_220
It will also be made public, so that workers can find the public key of the requester later. After all tasks are delivered, the requester will also submit a budget
Figure SMS_221
, indicating its ability to pay for recruiting workers.

进一步，所述步骤6中，投标阶段如下：注册后的工人能够根据自己的意愿选择自己的任务集，并通过调用投标合约进行投标，投标中的信息包括位置信息、任务集合和报价都是以数值的方式存在，并使用Pedersen承诺进行隐藏，事先给定椭圆曲线

Figure SMS_222
和两个基准点
Figure SMS_223
和
Figure SMS_224
，且
Figure SMS_225
是未知的，对于需要隐藏的真值
Figure SMS_226
，Pedersen承诺计算公式为
Figure SMS_227
，其中
Figure SMS_228
为随机选择的盲因子；Further, in the step 6, the bidding stage is as follows: registered workers can choose their own task set according to their own wishes, and bid by calling the bidding contract. The information in the bidding includes location information, task set and quotation are all in the form of The numerical method exists, and uses the Pedersen commitment to hide, and the elliptic curve is given in advance
Figure SMS_222
and two benchmarks
Figure SMS_223
and
Figure SMS_224
,and
Figure SMS_225
is unknown, for the truth value that needs to be hidden
Figure SMS_226
, the calculation formula of Pedersen commitment is
Figure SMS_227
,in
Figure SMS_228
is a randomly selected blinding factor;

工人在投标步骤中，除了提交Pedersen承诺之外，还需要附上一个环签名，以匿名地验证自己的身份，给定椭圆曲线

Figure SMS_230
和基准点
Figure SMS_234
，
Figure SMS_237
个工人的公钥表示为
Figure SMS_232
，
Figure SMS_235
，假设真正签名者的顺序参数为
Figure SMS_239
，
Figure SMS_240
，签名者的私钥表示为
Figure SMS_229
，用
Figure SMS_233
表示签名者的密钥图像，其中
Figure SMS_236
是签名者的公钥，
Figure SMS_238
是一个满足密码学安全性的哈希函数，其返回值为
Figure SMS_231
上的一个点，签名过程如下：In the bidding step, in addition to submitting the Pedersen commitment, workers also need to attach a ring signature to verify their identity anonymously. Given the elliptic curve
Figure SMS_230
and datum
Figure SMS_234
,
Figure SMS_237
The public key of a worker is denoted as
Figure SMS_232
,
Figure SMS_235
, assuming that the order parameter of the real signer is
Figure SMS_239
,
Figure SMS_240
, the private key of the signer is expressed as
Figure SMS_229
,use
Figure SMS_233
represents the key image of the signer, where
Figure SMS_236
is the signer's public key,
Figure SMS_238
is a cryptographically secure hash function whose return value is
Figure SMS_231
At a point above, the signing process is as follows:

用

Figure SMS_244
表示待签名的消息，签名者为所有工人
Figure SMS_248
生成随机因子
Figure SMS_252
和随机变量
Figure SMS_243
，其中
Figure SMS_246
是
Figure SMS_250
的素数阶，
Figure SMS_253
是整数模
Figure SMS_241
的剩余集合，用
Figure SMS_247
表示工人
Figure SMS_251
的随机因子对应公钥，用
Figure SMS_254
表示工人
Figure SMS_242
的随机因子对应密钥图像，用
Figure SMS_245
表示工人
Figure SMS_249
的随机因子组合后的哈希值，签名者进行下述计算；use
Figure SMS_244
Indicates the message to be signed, and the signers are all workers
Figure SMS_248
generate random factors
Figure SMS_252
and a random variable
Figure SMS_243
,in
Figure SMS_246
yes
Figure SMS_250
the prime order of
Figure SMS_253
is the integer modulo
Figure SMS_241
The remaining set of , with
Figure SMS_247
means worker
Figure SMS_251
The random factor of corresponds to the public key, with
Figure SMS_254
means worker
Figure SMS_242
The random factor of corresponds to the key image, with
Figure SMS_245
means worker
Figure SMS_249
The hash value after the combination of random factors, the signer performs the following calculations;

Figure SMS_255
，
Figure SMS_255
,

其中

Figure SMS_256
是一个返回
Figure SMS_257
中某个值的哈希函数，接下来，签名者连续进行下述计算in
Figure SMS_256
is a return
Figure SMS_257
The hash function of a value in , then, the signer continuously performs the following calculations

Figure SMS_258
，
Figure SMS_258
,

其中

Figure SMS_259
，令
Figure SMS_260
，因此
Figure SMS_261
，因而in
Figure SMS_259
,make
Figure SMS_260
,therefore
Figure SMS_261
,thus

Figure SMS_262
，
Figure SMS_262
,

最后环签名表示为

Figure SMS_263
，签名者附上生成的环签名，完成投标过程，该过程中，所有标书信息是隐藏的，并且投标的工人身份也是匿名的，智能合约需要对环签名进行验证，验证过程如下：The final ring signature is expressed as
Figure SMS_263
, the signer attaches the generated ring signature to complete the bidding process. During this process, all bidding information is hidden, and the identity of the bidding worker is also anonymous. The smart contract needs to verify the ring signature. The verification process is as follows:

智能合约端进行如下计算The smart contract side performs the following calculations

Figure SMS_264
，
Figure SMS_264
,

如果

Figure SMS_265
，那么环签名
Figure SMS_266
是合法的，特别地，如果两个环签名拥有重复的密钥图像
Figure SMS_267
，那么称这两个环签名被链接，并且他们的签名者是同一个工人，为了方便标识，对于匿名工人，会新生成一个
Figure SMS_268
，智能合约完成验证后，投标阶段结束。if
Figure SMS_265
, then the ring signature
Figure SMS_266
is legal, in particular, if two ring signatures have duplicate key images
Figure SMS_267
, then it is said that the two ring signatures are linked, and their signers are the same worker. For the convenience of identification, for anonymous workers, a new one will be generated
Figure SMS_268
, after the smart contract completes verification, the bidding phase ends.

进一步，所述步骤7中，工人招募阶段如下：Further, in the step 7, the worker recruitment stage is as follows:

所有参与竞标的工人需要通过调用标书揭露合约揭露自己的标书真值，智能合约会根据真值与先前提交的Pedersen承诺进行比对验证，对于承诺

Figure SMS_271
和收到的真值
Figure SMS_272
，计算
Figure SMS_274
，如果
Figure SMS_270
，那么承诺合法，智能合约排除掉所有承诺非法的工人，并将剩余工人的信息进行整合，用
Figure SMS_273
表示最终的匿名工人集合，用
Figure SMS_275
表示最终的标书文档，
Figure SMS_276
和
Figure SMS_269
会被送到激励机制合约中作为输入；All workers participating in the bidding need to disclose the true value of their bid by calling the bid disclosure contract. The smart contract will compare and verify the true value with the previously submitted Pedersen commitment. For the commitment
Figure SMS_271
and the received truth value
Figure SMS_272
,calculate
Figure SMS_274
,if
Figure SMS_270
, then the promise is legal, the smart contract excludes all workers whose promise is illegal, and integrates the information of the remaining workers, using
Figure SMS_273
Denotes the final set of anonymous workers, denoted by
Figure SMS_275
Indicates the final tender document,
Figure SMS_276
and
Figure SMS_269
will be sent to the incentive mechanism contract as input;

激励机制通过智能合约实现，能够在给定时间触发，激励机制的目标是解决预算约束下最大化覆盖函数问题，对工人进行选择，并决定给予赢家的报酬，如图2所示，激励机制的具体步骤如下：The incentive mechanism is implemented through smart contracts and can be triggered at a given time. The goal of the incentive mechanism is to solve the problem of maximizing the coverage function under budget constraints, select workers, and decide the rewards for the winners. As shown in Figure 2, the incentive mechanism Specific steps are as follows:

S1：初始化赢家集合

Figure SMS_277
，初始化报酬集合
Figure SMS_278
，初始化筛选工人集合
Figure SMS_279
；S1: Initialize the winner set
Figure SMS_277
, initialize the reward set
Figure SMS_278
, initialize the set of filter workers
Figure SMS_279
;

S2：从集合

Figure SMS_280
中随机选择一个值赋予随机变量
Figure SMS_281
；S2: from set
Figure SMS_280
Randomly choose a value from the random variable
Figure SMS_281
;

S3：如果

Figure SMS_282
执行S4，否则跳转到S6；S3: if
Figure SMS_282
Execute S4, otherwise jump to S6;

S4：找到筛选工人集合

Figure SMS_283
中能够使
Figure SMS_284
值最大的匿名工人
Figure SMS_285
；S4: Find the set of filtered workers
Figure SMS_283
can enable
Figure SMS_284
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_285
;

S5：将匿名工人

Figure SMS_286
添加到赢家集合
Figure SMS_287
，并且给予匿名工人
Figure SMS_288
的报酬为
Figure SMS_289
，其中
Figure SMS_290
为预算，跳转到S17；S5: Put anonymous workers
Figure SMS_286
add to winner collection
Figure SMS_287
, and give anonymous workers
Figure SMS_288
is paid for
Figure SMS_289
,in
Figure SMS_290
For budget, skip to S17;

S6：找到筛选工人集合

Figure SMS_291
中能够使
Figure SMS_292
值最大的匿名工人
Figure SMS_293
，其中
Figure SMS_294
；S6: Find the set of filtered workers
Figure SMS_291
can enable
Figure SMS_292
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_293
,in
Figure SMS_294
;

S7：如果

Figure SMS_295
，执行S8，否则跳转到S10；S7: if
Figure SMS_295
, execute S8, otherwise jump to S10;

S8：将匿名工人

Figure SMS_296
添加到赢家集合
Figure SMS_297
；S8: Put anonymous workers
Figure SMS_296
add to winner collection
Figure SMS_297
;

S9：找到集合

Figure SMS_298
中能够使
Figure SMS_299
值最大的匿名工人
Figure SMS_300
，
Figure SMS_301
表示在
Figure SMS_302
中排除集合
Figure SMS_303
中元素后剩余的集合，跳转到S7；S9: find the set
Figure SMS_298
can enable
Figure SMS_299
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_300
,
Figure SMS_301
expressed in
Figure SMS_302
exclude collections
Figure SMS_303
Jump to S7 for the remaining set after the middle element;

S10：对于赢家集合

Figure SMS_304
中的每个匿名工人
Figure SMS_305
，这些工人也称作赢家，执行步骤S11-S16；S10: For the winner set
Figure SMS_304
Each anonymous worker in
Figure SMS_305
, these workers are also called winners, and execute steps S11-S16;

S11：初始化临时赢家集合

Figure SMS_306
；S11: Initialize the set of temporary winners
Figure SMS_306
;

S12：找到集合

Figure SMS_307
中能够使
Figure SMS_308
值最大的第二匿名工人
Figure SMS_309
，
Figure SMS_310
表示排除元素匿名工人
Figure SMS_311
后的集合
Figure SMS_312
；S12: find the set
Figure SMS_307
can enable
Figure SMS_308
The second anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_309
,
Figure SMS_310
Indicates excluded element anonymous worker
Figure SMS_311
collection after
Figure SMS_312
;

S13：如果

Figure SMS_313
，执行S14，否则跳转到S17；S13: if
Figure SMS_313
, execute S14, otherwise jump to S17;

S14：找到集合

Figure SMS_314
中能够使
Figure SMS_315
值最大的第二匿名工人
Figure SMS_316
；S14: find the set
Figure SMS_314
can enable
Figure SMS_315
The second anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure SMS_316
;

S15：更新匿名工人

Figure SMS_317
的报酬为S15: Update anonymous workers
Figure SMS_317
is paid for

Figure SMS_318
；
Figure SMS_318
;

S16：将第二匿名工人

Figure SMS_319
加入到临时赢家集合
Figure SMS_320
，跳转到S13；S16: Put the second anonymous worker
Figure SMS_319
Add to set of provisional winners
Figure SMS_320
, jump to S13;

S17：返回赢家集合

Figure SMS_321
和报酬集合
Figure SMS_322
；S17: return the winner set
Figure SMS_321
and reward collection
Figure SMS_322
;

激励机制合约计算得到结果后，在区块链上进行公布，工人能够通过自己的匿名

Figure SMS_323
确认自己是否被选为赢家。After the incentive mechanism contract calculates the result, it is announced on the blockchain, and workers can use their own anonymous
Figure SMS_323
Check to see if you've been selected as a winner.

进一步，所述步骤8中，数据提交阶段如下：Further, in the step 8, the data submission stage is as follows:

赢家需要通过提交收集到的感知数据完成任务，使用星际文件系统作为分布式存储系统以减轻区块链上的存储负担，赢家首先需要与请求者分享一个安全密钥，赢家生成一个一次性私钥

Figure SMS_324
，对应的一次性公钥为
Figure SMS_325
，一次性公钥需要进行上链，一次性私钥由赢家自己拥有，则共享的安全密钥计算公式为
Figure SMS_326
，该密钥只有赢家自己和拥有私钥
Figure SMS_327
的请求者能够计算得到，保证了安全性；The winner needs to complete the task by submitting the collected perception data, using the interstellar file system as a distributed storage system to reduce the storage burden on the blockchain, the winner first needs to share a security key with the requester, and the winner generates a one-time private key
Figure SMS_324
, and the corresponding one-time public key is
Figure SMS_325
, the one-time public key needs to be uploaded to the chain, and the one-time private key is owned by the winner himself, then the formula for calculating the shared security key is
Figure SMS_326
, the key is only the winner himself and owns the private key
Figure SMS_327
The requester can be calculated, ensuring security;

赢家对该共享安全密钥进行取哈希操作，得到最终的加密密钥

Figure SMS_328
，并使用该密钥对提交的数据进行加密，再将加密后的内容传递到星际文件系统上，完成数据的上传，然后赢家需要将所提交数据的哈希值和存储地址使用加密密钥加密后通过数据提交合约上传到区块链上，请求者通过计算加密密钥
Figure SMS_329
，对加密的哈希值和存储地址进行解密，并在星际文件系统取得赢家提交的数据信息，数据的哈希值保证了该数据的完整性和未被篡改性。The winner hashes the shared security key to obtain the final encryption key
Figure SMS_328
, and use the key to encrypt the submitted data, and then pass the encrypted content to the interstellar file system to complete the data upload, and then the winner needs to encrypt the hash value and storage address of the submitted data with the encryption key After uploading to the blockchain through the data submission contract, the requester calculates the encryption key
Figure SMS_329
, decrypt the encrypted hash value and storage address, and obtain the data information submitted by the winner in the interstellar file system. The hash value of the data ensures the integrity of the data and has not been tampered with.

进一步，所述步骤9中，支付阶段如下：Further, in step 9, the payment stage is as follows:

请求者在确认收到赢家提交的感知数据后，根据先前激励机制计算得到的报酬结果，给予该赢家一定数额的支付，完成整个群智感知过程。After confirming the receipt of the sensing data submitted by the winner, the requester will pay the winner a certain amount according to the remuneration result calculated by the previous incentive mechanism to complete the entire crowd sensing process.

以下为仿真实验结果：The following are the simulation results:

本发明所述基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法将与Wang等人于2021年在Security and Communication Networks上发表的“Towards a smartprivacy-preserving incentive mechanism for vehicular crowd sensing”中的SPPIM方法以及Li等人于2018年在IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems上发表的“CrowdBC:A blockchain-based decentralized framework for crowdsourcing”中的CrowdBC方法进行性能比较。The blockchain-based crowd sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method described in the present invention will be compared with the SPPIM method in "Towards a smartprivacy-preserving incentive mechanism for vehicular crowd sensing" published by Wang et al. on Security and Communication Networks in 2021 And the CrowdBC method in "CrowdBC: A blockchain-based decentralized framework for crowdsourcing" published by Li et al. on IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems in 2018 for performance comparison.

所有的仿真实验是在一台Ubuntu虚拟机上进行的，内存为50GB，宿主机的CPU为i9-7900X 3.30GHz，内存为128GB。实验部署在Hyperledger Fabric v2.3平台上，每次测试都是对5次结果取平均值。All simulation experiments are carried out on an Ubuntu virtual machine with 50GB of memory, the CPU of the host machine is i9-7900X 3.30GHz, and the memory is 128GB. The experiment is deployed on the Hyperledger Fabric v2.3 platform, and each test takes the average of 5 results.

密码学方法中选择Ed25519作为公钥签名方案，选择SHA-512作为哈希函数，选择AES-256作为对称加密算法，为了保证对比的公平性，比较算法也采用了相同的密码学方案。对于激励机制，标准设置如下：工人数量

Figure SMS_330
为100，任务数量
Figure SMS_331
为20，工人任务集合的大小从[5,10]中随机选择，具体任务随机，系统参数
Figure SMS_332
设置为0.8，预算设置为100,000。报价从数据集中随机选择，并且都在范围[100,500]中。In the cryptographic method, Ed25519 is selected as the public key signature scheme, SHA-512 is selected as the hash function, and AES-256 is selected as the symmetric encryption algorithm. In order to ensure the fairness of the comparison, the comparison algorithm also adopts the same cryptographic scheme. For the incentive mechanism, the criteria are set as follows: number of workers
Figure SMS_330
is 100, the number of tasks
Figure SMS_331
is 20, the size of the worker task set is randomly selected from [5,10], the specific tasks are random, and the system parameters
Figure SMS_332
Set to 0.8 and budget to 100,000. Quotes are randomly selected from the dataset and are all in the range [100,500].

如图3（a）、3（b）所示，测试了隐私保护激励机制方法的链上时间消耗，可以看出每个交易的平均时间随着交易数量的增加而增长，除了激励机制合约(IM)外，其他合约的增长量都较小，考虑到激励机制算法的计算复杂度，这样的增长也是正常的，并且在实际应用中，一般不会有这样数量的并发请求，因而不会导致过长的处理时间。根据时间消耗的结果，图3按照不同度量大小划分为两张子图，可以看出注册合约、任务投递合约、激励机制合约和支付合约的时间消耗较少，而投标合约、标书揭露合约和数据提交合约的时间消耗较大，这是因为环签名方案中的验证过程比较耗时，但考虑到环签名能够带来的匿名性，这样的时间消耗是值得的，并且所有合约的时间消耗都不超过330ms，适合实际应用。As shown in Figure 3(a) and 3(b), the on-chain time consumption of the privacy protection incentive mechanism method is tested, and it can be seen that the average time of each transaction increases with the increase in the number of transactions, except for the incentive mechanism contract ( IM), the growth of other contracts is small, considering the computational complexity of the incentive mechanism algorithm, such growth is normal, and in practical applications, generally there will not be such a number of concurrent requests, so it will not cause Excessive processing time. According to the results of time consumption, Figure 3 is divided into two subgraphs according to different measurement sizes. It can be seen that the registration contract, task delivery contract, incentive mechanism contract and payment contract consume less time, while the bidding contract, bidding document disclosure contract and data submission contract This is because the verification process in the ring signature scheme is time-consuming, but considering the anonymity that the ring signature can bring, such time consumption is worthwhile, and the time consumption of all contracts does not exceed 330ms , suitable for practical applications.

如图4（a）、4（b）所示，测试了隐私保护激励机制方法的步骤执行时间，步骤执行包括链下的客户端操作以及链上的智能合约操作。可以看出注册、任务投递和支付步骤只需要很短时间便能完成，而投标、工人招募和数据提交步骤耗时较长。实际上，生成环签名花费的时间与验证环签名花费的时间差不多大，导致投标和数据提交步骤的时间花费较大。工人招募步骤包括标书揭露和激励机制过程，因此时间消耗也较大。随着请求数量的增长，平均时间成本略微增加，且工人招募步骤的增长率最大。As shown in Figure 4(a) and 4(b), the step execution time of the privacy protection incentive mechanism method is tested, and the step execution includes off-chain client operations and on-chain smart contract operations. It can be seen that the registration, task delivery and payment steps take only a short time to complete, while the bidding, worker recruitment and data submission steps take a long time. In fact, generating a ring signature takes about as much time as verifying it, resulting in a larger time spend for the bidding and data submission steps. The worker recruitment step includes the bidding document disclosure and incentive mechanism process, so the time consumption is relatively large. As the number of requests grows, the average time cost increases slightly, and the worker recruitment step has the largest growth rate.

Figure SMS_333
，
Figure SMS_333
,

如表1所示，测试了隐私保护激励机制方法与同类算法的步骤执行时间对比，单位为毫秒，N/A表示该方案不涉及该步骤的设计。可以看出，本发明提出的方案在注册步骤和任务投递步骤中比其他两个方案更具有时间优势。工人招募步骤和数据提交步骤中，本发明的方案由于涉及到环签名的使用，时间消耗更长，但本方案也因此取得了匿名性。支付步骤的表现几个方案相差不多。As shown in Table 1, the step execution time comparison between the privacy protection incentive mechanism method and similar algorithms was tested, and the unit is milliseconds. N/A means that the scheme does not involve the design of this step. It can be seen that the scheme proposed by the present invention has a time advantage in the registration step and the task delivery step compared with the other two schemes. In the steps of worker recruitment and data submission, the scheme of the present invention consumes more time because it involves the use of ring signatures, but this scheme also achieves anonymity. The performance of the payment step is similar for several schemes.

定义激励机制评价指标过付率，该比率的计算由总支付除以总成本得到，即

Figure SMS_334
。Define the overpayment rate of the incentive mechanism evaluation index, which is calculated by dividing the total payment by the total cost, that is
Figure SMS_334
.

如图5（a）、5（b）所示，测试了隐私保护激励机制方法的性能随工人数量的变化，可以看出本发明提出的方案比SPPIM取得的覆盖函数要大很多，这是因为本方案中采用的激励机制会根据工人的贡献选择赢家，在标准设置下，本方案取得的覆盖函数比SPPIM要高35.8%，本方案招募的用户数量也比SPPIM多，这主要与支付策略相关。本方案花费的总支付也比SPPIM小很多，同时取得了更低的过付率，表明了支付方案的高效性。随着工人数量的增加，方案所能取得的覆盖函数与工人数量都有所增加，这是因为有更多工人可供选择时，机制能够选择更具有价值的工人。因此，总支付和过付率也随着工人数量的增长而略微减少。As shown in Figures 5(a) and 5(b), the performance of the privacy protection incentive mechanism method has been tested as it changes with the number of workers. It can be seen that the scheme proposed by the present invention is much larger than the coverage function obtained by SPPIM. This is because The incentive mechanism adopted in this scheme will select winners based on the contributions of workers. Under the standard setting, the coverage function obtained by this scheme is 35.8% higher than that of SPPIM, and the number of users recruited by this scheme is also more than that of SPPIM, which is mainly related to the payment strategy. . The total payment cost of this scheme is much smaller than that of SPPIM, and at the same time, it achieves a lower overpayment rate, which shows the efficiency of the payment scheme. As the number of workers increases, both the coverage function that the scheme can achieve and the number of workers increase because the mechanism is able to select more valuable workers when there are more workers to choose from. Thus, total pay and overpay ratios also decrease slightly as the number of workers grows.

如图6（a）、6（b）所示，测试了隐私保护激励机制方法的性能随预算的变化，随着预算的增加，所有机制招募的工人数量都随之增长，因而取得的覆盖函数也在增长。预算增加时，需要招募更多用户，因而 总的报酬和过付率也同时在增长。As shown in Figure 6(a) and 6(b), the performance of the privacy protection incentive mechanism method is tested as the budget changes. As the budget increases, the number of workers recruited by all mechanisms increases accordingly, so the obtained coverage function is also growing. As the budget increases, more users need to be recruited, so the total reward and overpayment ratio also increase.

需要说明的是，流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本发明的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本相同的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被专利的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。It should be noted that any process or method descriptions described in flowcharts or otherwise described herein can be understood as representing codes including one or more steps of executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or processes. modules, segments or parts, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes further implementations, which may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including in substantially the same manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved. Executing functions should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the patented embodiments belong.

在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包括于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example, A structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations to the invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, and modifications to the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：1. A block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: 步骤1：对基于区块链的群智感知系统进行设计和数学建模，基于反向拍卖，建立包含请求者、工人、区块链和激励机制的群智感知系统结构，建立请求者、工人、群智感知任务、报酬和工人收益的数学模型；Step 1: Design and mathematically model the blockchain-based crowd-sensing system. Based on the reverse auction, establish a crowd-sensing system structure including requesters, workers, blockchains and incentive mechanisms, and establish requesters, workers , a mathematical model of crowd sensing tasks, rewards, and worker benefits; 步骤2： 基于位置相关的群智感知系统的特点，设计覆盖函数作为优化目标，并构建预算约束下最大化覆盖函数的优化问题；Step 2: Based on the characteristics of the location-related crowd sensing system, design the coverage function as the optimization goal, and construct the optimization problem of maximizing the coverage function under the budget constraint; 步骤3： 基于区块链的智能合约技术，设计群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架，共包含六个阶段：注册阶段、任务投递阶段、投标阶段、工人招募阶段、数据提交阶段和支付阶段；Step 3: Based on blockchain smart contract technology, design the framework of crowd-sensing privacy protection incentive mechanism, which includes six stages: registration stage, task delivery stage, bidding stage, worker recruitment stage, data submission stage and payment stage; 步骤4：注册阶段中，工人和请求者在区块链上进行注册，以取得身份凭证，用于后续操作中的认证，并用椭圆曲线密码学作为公私钥体系；Step 4: In the registration phase, workers and requesters register on the blockchain to obtain identity credentials for authentication in subsequent operations, and use elliptic curve cryptography as the public-private key system; 步骤5：任务投递阶段中，完成注册后的请求者通过调用任务投递合约将自己的群智感知任务发布到区块链上；Step 5: In the task delivery phase, the requester after completing the registration publishes his group intelligence task to the blockchain by calling the task delivery contract; 步骤6：投标阶段中，完成注册后的工人通过调用投标合约进行竞标操作，为了保证标书的隐私性，标书是以Pedersen承诺的形式上传到区块链的，为了保证工人的匿名性，采用了环签名方法作为认证方式；Step 6: In the bidding phase, the workers who have completed the registration call the bidding contract to conduct bidding operations. In order to ensure the privacy of the bidding documents, the bidding documents are uploaded to the blockchain in the form of Pedersen commitments. In order to ensure the anonymity of the workers, a Ring signature method as authentication method; 步骤7：工人招募阶段中，所有参与竞标的工人需要揭露自己的真实标书，标书揭露合约会对工人的投标信息进行核实，并排除所有信息非法的工人，剩余工人的信息将作为输入送给激励机制合约，激励机制合约在预定时间会自动执行，并将得到的结果公布；Step 7: In the worker recruitment stage, all workers participating in the bidding need to disclose their real bid documents. The bid document disclosure contract will verify the bid information of the workers and exclude all workers with illegal information. The information of the remaining workers will be sent to the incentive as input Mechanism contract, the incentive mechanism contract will be automatically executed at the scheduled time, and the result will be announced; 步骤8：数据提交阶段中，所有赢家需要将自己的数据加密后提交到星际文件系统中，并将数据的摘要和存储地址加密后通过数据提交合约上传到区块链中；Step 8: In the data submission phase, all winners need to encrypt their data and submit it to the interstellar file system, and encrypt the abstract and storage address of the data and upload it to the blockchain through the data submission contract; 步骤9：支付阶段中，请求者给予每个赢家一定报酬，该报酬由激励机制计算得到。Step 9: In the payment phase, the requester gives each winner a certain reward, which is calculated by the incentive mechanism. 2.如权利要求1所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中，群智感知系统结构如下：2. The blockchain-based crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 1, wherein in said step 1, the crowdsensing system structure is as follows: 群智感知系统包括请求者、工人、区块链和激励机制四种角色；请求者
Figure QLYQS_1
是感知任务的发起者，请求者集合用
Figure QLYQS_5
表示，
Figure QLYQS_7
的任务集合用
Figure QLYQS_3
表示，
Figure QLYQS_6
包含
Figure QLYQS_8
个感知任务；工人
Figure QLYQS_9
是感知任务的执行者，工人集合用
Figure QLYQS_2
表示，共包含
Figure QLYQS_4
个工人；区块链为群智感知提供安全平台；激励机制是区块链上部署的程序，其目标是选择工人并决定给予工人的报酬；The crowd sensing system includes four roles: requester, worker, blockchain and incentive mechanism; requester
Figure QLYQS_1
is the initiator of the perception task, and the set of requesters uses
Figure QLYQS_5
express,
Figure QLYQS_7
set of tasks for
Figure QLYQS_3
express,
Figure QLYQS_6
Include
Figure QLYQS_8
perceptual tasks; workers
Figure QLYQS_9
is the executor of the perception task, and the worker set uses
Figure QLYQS_2
said, including
Figure QLYQS_4
The blockchain provides a secure platform for crowd sensing; the incentive mechanism is a program deployed on the blockchain, whose goal is to select workers and determine the rewards given to them; 每个工人
Figure QLYQS_11
提交一个三元组标书
Figure QLYQS_14
，其中
Figure QLYQS_17
是工人
Figure QLYQS_12
的位置，
Figure QLYQS_15
是该工人的任务集合，包含其愿意执行的所有任务，
Figure QLYQS_18
是工人
Figure QLYQS_19
的报价，用
Figure QLYQS_10
表示工人
Figure QLYQS_13
的真实成本，
Figure QLYQS_16
是私密的只有本人知道；per worker
Figure QLYQS_11
Submit a triplet bid
Figure QLYQS_14
,in
Figure QLYQS_17
is a worker
Figure QLYQS_12
s position,
Figure QLYQS_15
is the task set of the worker, including all the tasks it is willing to perform,
Figure QLYQS_18
is a worker
Figure QLYQS_19
quote with
Figure QLYQS_10
means worker
Figure QLYQS_13
the true cost of
Figure QLYQS_16
It is private and only known to me; 给定标书档案
Figure QLYQS_20
，激励机制的目标是选择一个赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_21
，并决定给予每个赢家的报酬，赢家的报酬大小应取决于其对任务的贡献，用
Figure QLYQS_22
表示档案，其中
Figure QLYQS_23
是给予工人
Figure QLYQS_24
的报酬，如果工人
Figure QLYQS_25
是输家，则
Figure QLYQS_26
；given bid file
Figure QLYQS_20
, the goal of the incentive mechanism is to select a winner set
Figure QLYQS_21
, and decide the reward given to each winner, the size of the winner’s reward should depend on its contribution to the task, using
Figure QLYQS_22
represents a file, where
Figure QLYQS_23
is given to workers
Figure QLYQS_24
remuneration, if the worker
Figure QLYQS_25
is a loser, then
Figure QLYQS_26
; 工人
Figure QLYQS_27
的收益
Figure QLYQS_28
能够通过报酬减去真实成本计算，即Worker
Figure QLYQS_27
income
Figure QLYQS_28
can be calculated by subtracting the true cost from the remuneration, ie
Figure QLYQS_29
。
Figure QLYQS_29
. 3.如权利要求2所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中，考虑位置相关的群智感知系统，定义覆盖函数
Figure QLYQS_30
如下：3. The blockchain-based crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the step 2, considering the position-related crowdsensing system, the coverage function is defined
Figure QLYQS_30
as follows:
Figure QLYQS_31
，
Figure QLYQS_31
, 其中
Figure QLYQS_34
是任务
Figure QLYQS_36
的权重，由任务的位置重要性和价值决定，
Figure QLYQS_39
是任务
Figure QLYQS_33
被集合
Figure QLYQS_37
中的工人执行的次数，
Figure QLYQS_40
是控制收益递减梯度的系统参数，用
Figure QLYQS_41
和
Figure QLYQS_32
分别表示任务
Figure QLYQS_35
的位置重要性和价值，权重
Figure QLYQS_38
计算公式为in
Figure QLYQS_34
is the task
Figure QLYQS_36
The weight of , determined by the positional importance and value of the task,
Figure QLYQS_39
is the task
Figure QLYQS_33
be assembled
Figure QLYQS_37
The number of worker executions in ,
Figure QLYQS_40
is the system parameter controlling the gradient of diminishing returns, with
Figure QLYQS_41
and
Figure QLYQS_32
represent tasks respectively
Figure QLYQS_35
The positional importance and value of the weight
Figure QLYQS_38
The calculation formula is
Figure QLYQS_42
，
Figure QLYQS_42
, 其中
Figure QLYQS_43
是平衡参数；激励机制的目标是在一个固定的预算
Figure QLYQS_44
下最大化覆盖函数，该问题称为预算约束下最大化覆盖函数问题，形式化为in
Figure QLYQS_43
is the balance parameter; the incentive mechanism is aimed at a fixed budget
Figure QLYQS_44
The problem of maximizing the cover function under the budget constraint is called the problem of maximizing the cover function under the budget constraint, which is formalized as
Figure QLYQS_45
。
Figure QLYQS_45
. 4.如权利要求3所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中，群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架，共包含六个阶段：注册阶段、任务投递阶段、投标阶段、工人招募阶段、数据提交阶段和支付阶段；客户端的操作实现请求者和工人与智能合约之间的交互，智能合约实现请求处理、功能实现和数据上链，智能合约与区块链进行交互，完成数据上链过程，上述过程构成群智感知隐私保护激励机制框架。4. The blockchain-based crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in said step 3, the crowdsensing privacy protection incentive mechanism framework includes six stages: the registration stage , task delivery stage, bidding stage, worker recruitment stage, data submission stage, and payment stage; the operation of the client realizes the interaction between the requester and the worker and the smart contract, and the smart contract realizes request processing, function realization and data uploading to the chain, and the smart contract Interact with the blockchain to complete the process of uploading data to the chain. The above-mentioned process constitutes the framework of the incentive mechanism for crowd-sensing privacy protection. 5.如权利要求4所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4中，注册阶段如下：5. The block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the step 4, the registration stage is as follows: 所有请求者和工人在首次加入群智感知系统时需要进行注册，并取得一对公钥和私钥，系统采用椭圆曲线密码学作为密钥管理方案，系统事先设定好采用的椭圆曲线
Figure QLYQS_46
、素数阶
Figure QLYQS_50
和曲线上一公共基准点
Figure QLYQS_52
，并公开这些信息，工人
Figure QLYQS_48
随机选择私钥
Figure QLYQS_51
，满足
Figure QLYQS_53
，则对应的公钥为
Figure QLYQS_54
，私钥由工人自己进行保存，公钥进行公开，注册时工人会取得一个身份标识
Figure QLYQS_47
，请求者
Figure QLYQS_49
注册过程相同。All requesters and workers need to register when they join the crowd sensing system for the first time, and obtain a pair of public key and private key. The system uses elliptic curve cryptography as the key management scheme, and the system pre-sets the elliptic curve used
Figure QLYQS_46
, prime order
Figure QLYQS_50
and a common reference point on the curve
Figure QLYQS_52
, and to disclose this information, workers
Figure QLYQS_48
random private key
Figure QLYQS_51
,satisfy
Figure QLYQS_53
, the corresponding public key is
Figure QLYQS_54
, the private key is kept by the worker himself, and the public key is made public. When registering, the worker will obtain an identity
Figure QLYQS_47
, the requester
Figure QLYQS_49
The registration process is the same. 6.如权利要求5所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5中，任务投递阶段如下：6. The block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in the step 5, the task delivery stage is as follows: 注册后的请求者能够通过调用任务投递合约发布自己的任务，请求者需要附上使用自己私钥生成的数字签名，并由智能合约对其进行验证，任务发布后，工人能够在区块链上查看任务信息，并选择感兴趣的任务；Registered requesters can issue their own tasks by calling the task delivery contract. The requester needs to attach a digital signature generated with its own private key, which will be verified by the smart contract. After the task is released, the worker can post on the blockchain View task information and select the task you are interested in; 每个感知任务包含任务名称、任务位置和任务描述，任务位置根据事先定好的区域进行划分，由数字表示，感知任务信息会附上摘要，以保证未被篡改，任务请求者的
Figure QLYQS_55
也会公开，便于工人后续找到请求者的公钥，在投递完所有任务后，请求者还会提交一个预算
Figure QLYQS_56
，表示其对于招募工人所能提供的支付能力。Each perception task includes task name, task location and task description. The task location is divided according to the pre-determined area and represented by numbers. The perception task information will be attached with a summary to ensure that it has not been tampered with. The task requester’s
Figure QLYQS_55
It will also be made public, so that workers can find the public key of the requester later. After all tasks are delivered, the requester will also submit a budget
Figure QLYQS_56
, indicating its ability to pay for recruiting workers. 7.如权利要求6所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，7. The block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 6, characterized in that, 所述步骤6中，投标阶段如下：In the step 6, the bidding stage is as follows: 注册后的工人能够根据自己的意愿选择自己的任务集，并通过调用投标合约进行投标，投标中的信息包括位置信息、任务集合和报价都是以数值的方式存在，并使用Pedersen承诺进行隐藏，事先给定椭圆曲线
Figure QLYQS_57
和两个基准点
Figure QLYQS_58
和
Figure QLYQS_59
，且
Figure QLYQS_60
是未知的，对于需要隐藏的真值
Figure QLYQS_61
，Pedersen承诺计算公式为
Figure QLYQS_62
，其中
Figure QLYQS_63
为随机选择的盲因子；Registered workers can choose their own set of tasks according to their own wishes, and bid by calling the bidding contract. The information in the bid, including location information, task sets, and quotations, exists in numerical form and is hidden using Pedersen commitments. Given the elliptic curve in advance
Figure QLYQS_57
and two benchmarks
Figure QLYQS_58
and
Figure QLYQS_59
,and
Figure QLYQS_60
is unknown, for the truth value that needs to be hidden
Figure QLYQS_61
, the calculation formula of Pedersen commitment is
Figure QLYQS_62
,in
Figure QLYQS_63
is a randomly selected blinding factor; 工人在投标步骤中，除了提交Pedersen承诺之外，还需要附上一个环签名，以匿名地验证自己的身份，给定椭圆曲线
Figure QLYQS_66
和基准点
Figure QLYQS_69
，
Figure QLYQS_72
个工人的公钥表示为
Figure QLYQS_67
，
Figure QLYQS_68
，假设真正签名者的顺序参数为
Figure QLYQS_71
，
Figure QLYQS_74
，签名者的私钥表示为
Figure QLYQS_64
，用
Figure QLYQS_70
表示签名者的密钥图像，其中
Figure QLYQS_73
是签名者的公钥，
Figure QLYQS_75
是一个满足密码学安全性的哈希函数，其返回值为
Figure QLYQS_65
上的一个点，签名过程如下：In the bidding step, in addition to submitting the Pedersen commitment, workers also need to attach a ring signature to verify their identity anonymously. Given the elliptic curve
Figure QLYQS_66
and datum
Figure QLYQS_69
,
Figure QLYQS_72
The public key of a worker is denoted as
Figure QLYQS_67
,
Figure QLYQS_68
, assuming that the order parameter of the real signer is
Figure QLYQS_71
,
Figure QLYQS_74
, the private key of the signer is expressed as
Figure QLYQS_64
,use
Figure QLYQS_70
represents the key image of the signer, where
Figure QLYQS_73
is the public key of the signer,
Figure QLYQS_75
is a cryptographically secure hash function whose return value is
Figure QLYQS_65
At a point above, the signing process is as follows: 用
Figure QLYQS_77
表示待签名的消息，签名者为所有工人
Figure QLYQS_81
生成随机因子
Figure QLYQS_85
和随机变量
Figure QLYQS_78
，其中
Figure QLYQS_83
是
Figure QLYQS_87
的素数阶，
Figure QLYQS_89
是整数模
Figure QLYQS_76
的剩余集合，用
Figure QLYQS_80
表示工人
Figure QLYQS_84
的随机因子对应公钥，用
Figure QLYQS_88
表示工人
Figure QLYQS_79
的随机因子对应密钥图像，用
Figure QLYQS_82
表示工人
Figure QLYQS_86
的随机因子组合后的哈希值，签名者进行下述计算；use
Figure QLYQS_77
Indicates the message to be signed, and the signers are all workers
Figure QLYQS_81
generate random factors
Figure QLYQS_85
and a random variable
Figure QLYQS_78
,in
Figure QLYQS_83
yes
Figure QLYQS_87
the prime order of
Figure QLYQS_89
is the integer modulo
Figure QLYQS_76
The remaining set of , with
Figure QLYQS_80
means worker
Figure QLYQS_84
The random factor of corresponds to the public key, with
Figure QLYQS_88
means worker
Figure QLYQS_79
The random factor of corresponds to the key image, with
Figure QLYQS_82
means worker
Figure QLYQS_86
The hash value after the combination of random factors, the signer performs the following calculations;
Figure QLYQS_90
，
Figure QLYQS_90
, 其中
Figure QLYQS_91
是一个返回
Figure QLYQS_92
中某个值的哈希函数，接下来，签名者连续进行下述计算in
Figure QLYQS_91
is a return
Figure QLYQS_92
The hash function of a value in , then, the signer continuously performs the following calculations
Figure QLYQS_93
，
Figure QLYQS_93
, 其中
Figure QLYQS_94
，令
Figure QLYQS_95
，因此
Figure QLYQS_96
，因而in
Figure QLYQS_94
,make
Figure QLYQS_95
,therefore
Figure QLYQS_96
,thus
Figure QLYQS_97
，
Figure QLYQS_97
, 最后环签名表示为
Figure QLYQS_98
，签名者附上生成的环签名，完成投标过程，该过程中，所有标书信息是隐藏的，并且投标的工人身份也是匿名的，智能合约需要对环签名进行验证，验证过程如下：The final ring signature is expressed as
Figure QLYQS_98
, the signer attaches the generated ring signature to complete the bidding process. During this process, all bidding information is hidden, and the identity of the bidding worker is also anonymous. The smart contract needs to verify the ring signature. The verification process is as follows: 智能合约端进行如下计算The smart contract side performs the following calculations
Figure QLYQS_99
，
Figure QLYQS_99
,
Figure QLYQS_100
，
Figure QLYQS_100
, 如果
Figure QLYQS_101
，那么环签名
Figure QLYQS_102
是合法的，特别地，如果两个环签名拥有重复的密钥图像
Figure QLYQS_103
，那么称这两个环签名被链接，并且他们的签名者是同一个工人，为了方便标识，对于匿名工人，会新生成一个
Figure QLYQS_104
，智能合约完成验证后，投标阶段结束。if
Figure QLYQS_101
, then the ring signature
Figure QLYQS_102
is legal, in particular, if two ring signatures have duplicate key images
Figure QLYQS_103
, then it is said that the two ring signatures are linked, and their signers are the same worker. For the convenience of identification, for anonymous workers, a new one will be generated
Figure QLYQS_104
, after the smart contract completes verification, the bidding phase ends. 8.如权利要求7所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤7中，工人招募阶段如下：8. The block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the step 7, the worker recruitment stage is as follows: 所有参与竞标的工人需要通过调用标书揭露合约揭露自己的标书真值，智能合约会根据真值与先前提交的Pedersen承诺进行比对验证，对于承诺
Figure QLYQS_107
和收到的真值
Figure QLYQS_109
，计算
Figure QLYQS_111
，如果
Figure QLYQS_106
，那么承诺合法，智能合约排除掉所有承诺非法的工人，并将剩余工人的信息进行整合，用
Figure QLYQS_108
表示最终的匿名工人集合，用
Figure QLYQS_110
表示最终的标书文档，
Figure QLYQS_112
和
Figure QLYQS_105
会被送到激励机制合约中作为输入；All workers participating in the bidding need to disclose the true value of their bid by calling the bid disclosure contract. The smart contract will compare and verify the true value with the previously submitted Pedersen commitment. For the commitment
Figure QLYQS_107
and the received truth value
Figure QLYQS_109
,calculate
Figure QLYQS_111
,if
Figure QLYQS_106
, then the promise is legal, the smart contract excludes all workers whose promise is illegal, and integrates the information of the remaining workers, using
Figure QLYQS_108
Denotes the final set of anonymous workers, denoted by
Figure QLYQS_110
Indicates the final tender document,
Figure QLYQS_112
and
Figure QLYQS_105
will be sent to the incentive mechanism contract as input; 激励机制通过智能合约实现，能够在给定时间触发，激励机制的目标是解决预算约束下最大化覆盖函数问题，对工人进行选择，并决定给予赢家的报酬，具体步骤如下：The incentive mechanism is implemented through smart contracts and can be triggered at a given time. The goal of the incentive mechanism is to solve the problem of maximizing the coverage function under budget constraints, select workers, and determine the rewards for the winners. The specific steps are as follows: S1：初始化赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_113
，初始化报酬集合
Figure QLYQS_114
，初始化筛选工人集合
Figure QLYQS_115
；S1: Initialize the winner set
Figure QLYQS_113
, initialize the reward set
Figure QLYQS_114
, initialize the set of filter workers
Figure QLYQS_115
; S2：从集合
Figure QLYQS_116
中随机选择一个值赋予随机变量
Figure QLYQS_117
；S2: from set
Figure QLYQS_116
Randomly choose a value from the random variable
Figure QLYQS_117
; S3：如果
Figure QLYQS_118
执行S4，否则跳转到S6；S3: if
Figure QLYQS_118
Execute S4, otherwise jump to S6; S4：找到筛选工人集合
Figure QLYQS_119
中能够使
Figure QLYQS_120
值最大的匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_121
；S4: Find the set of filtered workers
Figure QLYQS_119
can enable
Figure QLYQS_120
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure QLYQS_121
; S5：将匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_122
添加到赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_123
，并且给予匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_124
的报酬为
Figure QLYQS_125
，其中
Figure QLYQS_126
为预算，跳转到S17；S5: Put anonymous workers
Figure QLYQS_122
add to winner collection
Figure QLYQS_123
, and give anonymous workers
Figure QLYQS_124
is paid for
Figure QLYQS_125
,in
Figure QLYQS_126
For budget, skip to S17; S6：找到筛选工人集合
Figure QLYQS_127
中能够使
Figure QLYQS_128
值最大的匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_129
，其中
Figure QLYQS_130
；S6: Find the set of filtered workers
Figure QLYQS_127
can enable
Figure QLYQS_128
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure QLYQS_129
,in
Figure QLYQS_130
; S7：如果
Figure QLYQS_131
，执行S8，否则跳转到S10；S7: if
Figure QLYQS_131
, execute S8, otherwise jump to S10; S8：将匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_132
添加到赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_133
；S8: Put anonymous workers
Figure QLYQS_132
add to winner collection
Figure QLYQS_133
; S9：找到集合
Figure QLYQS_134
中能够使
Figure QLYQS_135
值最大的匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_136
，
Figure QLYQS_137
表示在
Figure QLYQS_138
中排除集合
Figure QLYQS_139
中元素后剩余的集合，跳转到S7；S9: find the set
Figure QLYQS_134
can enable
Figure QLYQS_135
Anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure QLYQS_136
,
Figure QLYQS_137
expressed in
Figure QLYQS_138
exclude collections
Figure QLYQS_139
Jump to S7 for the remaining set after the middle element; S10：对于赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_140
中的每个匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_141
，这些工人也称作赢家，执行步骤S11-S16；S10: For the winner set
Figure QLYQS_140
Each anonymous worker in
Figure QLYQS_141
, these workers are also called winners, and execute steps S11-S16; S11：初始化临时赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_142
；S11: Initialize the set of temporary winners
Figure QLYQS_142
; S12：找到集合
Figure QLYQS_143
中能够使
Figure QLYQS_144
值最大的第二匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_145
，
Figure QLYQS_146
表示排除元素匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_147
后的集合
Figure QLYQS_148
；S12: find the set
Figure QLYQS_143
can enable
Figure QLYQS_144
The second anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure QLYQS_145
,
Figure QLYQS_146
Indicates excluded element anonymous workers
Figure QLYQS_147
collection after
Figure QLYQS_148
; S13：如果
Figure QLYQS_149
，执行S14，否则跳转到S17；S13: if
Figure QLYQS_149
, execute S14, otherwise jump to S17; S14：找到集合
Figure QLYQS_150
中能够使
Figure QLYQS_151
值最大的第二匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_152
；S14: find the set
Figure QLYQS_150
can enable
Figure QLYQS_151
The second anonymous worker with the largest value
Figure QLYQS_152
; S15：更新匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_153
的报酬为S15: Update anonymous workers
Figure QLYQS_153
is paid for
Figure QLYQS_154
；
Figure QLYQS_154
; S16：将第二匿名工人
Figure QLYQS_155
加入到临时赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_156
，跳转到S13；S16: Put the second anonymous worker
Figure QLYQS_155
Add to set of provisional winners
Figure QLYQS_156
, jump to S13; S17：返回赢家集合
Figure QLYQS_157
和报酬集合
Figure QLYQS_158
；S17: return the winner set
Figure QLYQS_157
and reward collection
Figure QLYQS_158
; 激励机制合约计算得到结果后，在区块链上进行公布，工人能够通过自己的匿名
Figure QLYQS_159
确认自己是否被选为赢家。After the incentive mechanism contract calculates the result, it is announced on the blockchain, and workers can use their own anonymous
Figure QLYQS_159
Check to see if you've been selected as a winner. 9.如权利要求8所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤8中，数据提交阶段如下：9. The block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 8, characterized in that, in the step 8, the data submission stage is as follows: 赢家需要通过提交收集到的感知数据完成任务，使用星际文件系统作为分布式存储系统以减轻区块链上的存储负担，赢家首先需要与请求者分享一个安全密钥，赢家生成一个一次性私钥
Figure QLYQS_160
，对应的一次性公钥为
Figure QLYQS_161
，一次性公钥需要进行上链，一次性私钥由赢家自己拥有，则共享的安全密钥计算公式为
Figure QLYQS_162
，该密钥只有赢家自己和拥有私钥
Figure QLYQS_163
的请求者能够计算得到，保证了安全性；The winner needs to complete the task by submitting the collected perception data, using the interstellar file system as a distributed storage system to reduce the storage burden on the blockchain, the winner first needs to share a security key with the requester, and the winner generates a one-time private key
Figure QLYQS_160
, and the corresponding one-time public key is
Figure QLYQS_161
, the one-time public key needs to be uploaded to the chain, and the one-time private key is owned by the winner himself, then the formula for calculating the shared security key is
Figure QLYQS_162
, the key is only the winner himself and owns the private key
Figure QLYQS_163
The requester can be calculated, ensuring security; 赢家对该共享安全密钥进行取哈希操作，得到最终的加密密钥
Figure QLYQS_164
，并使用该密钥对提交的数据进行加密，再将加密后的内容传递到星际文件系统上，完成数据的上传，然后赢家需要将所提交数据的哈希值和存储地址使用加密密钥加密后通过数据提交合约上传到区块链上，请求者通过计算加密密钥
Figure QLYQS_165
，对加密的哈希值和存储地址进行解密，并在星际文件系统取得赢家提交的数据信息，数据的哈希值保证了该数据的完整性和未被篡改性。The winner hashes the shared security key to obtain the final encryption key
Figure QLYQS_164
, and use the key to encrypt the submitted data, and then pass the encrypted content to the interstellar file system to complete the data upload, and then the winner needs to encrypt the hash value and storage address of the submitted data with the encryption key After uploading to the blockchain through the data submission contract, the requester calculates the encryption key
Figure QLYQS_165
, decrypt the encrypted hash value and storage address, and obtain the data information submitted by the winner in the interstellar file system. The hash value of the data ensures the integrity of the data and has not been tampered with. 10.如权利要求9所述的基于区块链的群智感知隐私保护激励机制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤9中，支付阶段如下：10. The block chain-based group intelligence privacy protection incentive mechanism method according to claim 9, characterized in that, in the step 9, the payment stage is as follows: 请求者在确认收到赢家提交的感知数据后，根据先前激励机制计算得到的报酬结果，给予该赢家一定数额的支付，完成整个群智感知过程。After confirming the receipt of the sensing data submitted by the winner, the requester will pay the winner a certain amount according to the remuneration result calculated by the previous incentive mechanism to complete the entire crowd sensing process.
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