CN115825336A - Method for predicting concentration of pollutants in indoor air after house decoration - Google Patents
Method for predicting concentration of pollutants in indoor air after house decoration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting the concentration of pollutants in indoor air after house decoration, which comprises the steps of investigating the average temperature of the hottest month and the average relative humidity of the highest month in a house decoration area; determining the type n of the board and the usable area S of the board according to the decoration scheme i (ii) a Measuring the number N of times of ventilation, the formaldehyde emission of the plate, the formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air and the volume V of indoor space; calculating the limit formaldehyde emission delta of the plate according to the air exchange times i (ii) a Determination of indoor air limit formaldehyde background concentration C 0 (ii) a Then according to the formula (1)
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting and monitoring the content of harmful gas, in particular to a method for predicting the content of formaldehyde in an interior decoration design link, and belongs to the field of monitoring of harmful gas in buildings.
Background
With the improvement of human living conditions and the gradual expansion of trade scale of commercial houses, the safety and environmental protection of indoor decoration and decoration become more and more important, and especially the content of harmful gases in the indoor space after decoration is paid more attention. Scientific research shows that: the use of a large number of artificial boards and derived products thereof can cause indoor air pollution, mainly release harmful gas formaldehyde and other volatile gases VOC, which causes the harmful gas in the indoor air to exceed the standard, however, the release period of the formaldehyde in the artificial boards is as long as 3-15 years. The formaldehyde which is a harmful gas has great harm to human bodies, the harm of the formaldehyde is mainly expressed by stimulation to the nervous system and the respiratory system of the human bodies, the immune function of the human bodies is extremely easy to be damaged after the human bodies are exposed in the formaldehyde with a certain concentration for a long time, and the liver, the lung, the kidney and the central nervous system are damaged, and the formaldehyde is classified as a potential dangerous carcinogen and an important environmental air pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO). The national standard stipulates that the average value of the indoor formaldehyde concentration per hour is not higher than 0.1mg/m for protecting the health of human bodies and preventing and controlling indoor air pollution 3 . Then, the field monitoring shows that the peak value of the concentration of formaldehyde in the indoor air of some newly-decorated buildings can exceed 2mg/m 3 70-80% of the indoor formaldehyde concentration of the house exceeds the standard.
At present, the diagnosis, evaluation and prediction of formaldehyde release rules of interior decoration materials are generally concerned by the academic world, and the research mainly focuses on the following aspects: 1) Carrying out multi-sample current situation investigation and evaluation on the current situation of formaldehyde pollution in indoor air; 2) Quantitative evaluation research is carried out on the influence of different building materials on the indoor air quality; 3) The influence of temperature, ventilation time and green plants on the indoor formaldehyde quality concentration is researched; 4) The method adopts an exponential smoothing method to combine formaldehyde monitoring data of a certain new house for half a month/time to predict the indoor formaldehyde concentration, although the prediction model is simple, obvious system errors exist, and the prediction result is inaccurate; 5) An indoor VOC concentration long-term prediction model is obtained through a simultaneous artificial board VOC emission curve and a VOC mass balance equation, and boundary conditions and condition parameters required by the model are complex and the efficiency is low; 6) The environment test bin is adopted to simulate the indoor environment, measure the formaldehyde release concentration of the artificial board and provide reference for a prediction mechanism model of indoor formaldehyde, but a large amount of monitoring data is needed for supporting, the prediction efficiency is low, and the effect is poor.
GB/T39598-2021 artificial board indoor bearing limit guideline based on limit formaldehyde emission solves the problem that how many boards are used to meet the requirement that the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air does not exceed the standard to a certain extent, but has more parameters in the actual use of the standard (1); (2) actual usage is calculated through 1 plate with the largest usage, and the error of the result is large; (3) the influence of the indoor air exchange frequency on the limit formaldehyde emission of the plate is not considered; (4) the plate limit formaldehyde emission needs to be separately tested: testing by setting parameters of ventilation times, temperature and humidity of a climate box; or testing by setting the ventilation times of the climate box and correcting by using the temperature and humidity coefficients; (5) the indoor air formaldehyde background concentration is the correction coefficient of the measured indoor air formaldehyde concentration multiplied by the average temperature in the hottest month and the average humidity in the highest month respectively, and the influence of real-time temperature and humidity on the limit indoor air formaldehyde background concentration is not considered. Resulting in inaccurate load capacity calculations.
Although the prediction of the formaldehyde concentration of the indoor air after decoration can be roughly and reversely deduced and calculated theoretically through GB/T39598-2021 at present, the GB/T39598-2021 has more parameters, larger calculation error, long test period of the limit formaldehyde emission and high cost. Moreover, even if the existing prediction method is adopted to predict the indoor formaldehyde concentration of the house to be decorated in the decoration and design stage in advance, the situation that the formaldehyde concentration of the indoor air exceeds the standard after decoration is often found, particularly the situation that the used materials reach the standard and the formaldehyde concentration of the air in the room exceeds the standard after decoration is often found; therefore, the indoor formaldehyde concentration after decoration needs to be accurately predicted according to the decoration scheme and the predicted use condition of the indoor plate before room decoration, so that the control of the subsequent indoor air quality after finishing decoration is facilitated, and the indoor air quality is improved.
The invention discloses a method for controlling pollution sources, which is most cost-effective and environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the concentration of pollutants in indoor air after house decoration aiming at the technical problems of the existing method for predicting the concentration of formaldehyde during house decoration.
To achieve the object of the present invention, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method for predicting a concentration of pollutants in indoor air after house decoration, comprising the steps of, in order:
1) Investigating and determining the hottest monthly average temperature t and the highest monthly average relative humidity H of the house to be decorated;
2) Measuring the number N of air changes of the house to be decorated;
3) Determining the type n of the board used for house decoration and the using area S of various boards according to the design scheme of house decoration i Wherein i =1,2, n, n is an integer, n is not less than 2;
4) Determination of the Formaldehyde emission Delta of each sheet i ′；
5) Measuring the background concentration C' of formaldehyde in indoor air of a house to be decorated;
6) Determining the ultimate formaldehyde background concentration C of indoor air of a house to be decorated 0
Calculating the limit formaldehyde background concentration C of indoor air according to a formula (4) 0 ，
In equation (4):
C 0 : limit formaldehyde background concentration in air in room to be decorated in mg/m 3 (ii) a C': background concentration of formaldehyde in air in room to be decorated in mg/m 3 (ii) a Testing according to the national standard method, namely indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883-2002); t': when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in a room to be decorated is tested, the temperature in the room is in the DEG C; h': testing the relative humidity in the room in percent when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the room to be decorated is tested; t: average temperature of the hottest month of the climate of the room to be decorated is at DEG C; h: the highest monthly average humidity% of the climate of the room to be decorated;
7) Measuring the volume V of the indoor space of the house to be decorated, wherein V is the indoor use area multiplied by the house height;
8) Measuring the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate in the house to be repaired i ；
9) Predicting the concentration C of formaldehyde in indoor air after finishing house decoration according to a formula (1) ∞
In equation (1):
n: the total number of types of the plates used in the room to be decorated is an integer, and n is more than or equal to 2; c 0 : limit formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air, mg/m 3 ；S i : area of use of the panel, m, used in the room to be finished 2 ；δ i : limit formaldehyde emission of sheet material in mg/m used in room to be decorated 3 (ii) a V: indoor space volume of room to be repaired, m 3 (ii) a N: the times of indoor air ventilation are divided into times/h; c ∞ : concentration of formaldehyde in the room air after decoration, mg/m 3 。
In the step 1), the average temperature t of the hottest month and the average humidity H of the highest month of the house to be decorated are obtained by consulting the statistical data of the resource and environment part in the 'Chinese statistical yearbook' compiled by the national statistical bureau.
Particularly, the hottest average monthly temperature t and the highest monthly average humidity H of the house to be decorated in the previous year of the decoration period are obtained by consulting the statistical data of the resource and environment part in the Chinese statistical yearbook compiled by the national statistical bureau.
In particular, the national statistics yearbook of the national statistics bureau can be used for inquiring the compiled paper edition, and also can be inquired through the following websites: http:// www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2021/indexch.
In particular, the pollutant in the air is formaldehyde, volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), benzene, toluene or xylene, preferably formaldehyde.
In particular, the hottest month average temperature is the average temperature of the month of the year in which the month average temperature is the highest; the maximum monthly average relative humidity is the average relative humidity of the month of the year in which the monthly average relative humidity is the highest.
Wherein, the ventilation frequency N in the step 2) is according to the national standard public place health inspection method part 1: the method of physical factors (GB/T18204.1) was performed.
In particular, according to the national standard "method for public health inspection part 1: physical factors (GB/T18204.1-2013), and measuring the ventilation times.
All references files in the national standard reference which are not dated are the latest version (including all amendments) of the national standard.
Particularly, the number of times of ventilation can also be determined according to the national standard method, namely the artificial board indoor bearing limit guide (GB/T39598-2021) appendix A based on the limit formaldehyde release amount, by the per capita living area.
And 3), determining the type n of the plate used in the house to be decorated in the step 3), wherein n is more than or equal to 2.n sheets (i.e., n-purpose sheets), such as sheets used as flooring; the board is used as a wardrobe door board or a wardrobe body board; used as the door plate of the bookcase, the cabinet body plate of the bookcase or the board of the desk plate, etc.
Wherein the formaldehyde emission delta of each plate in the step 4) i The test method is determined according to a formaldehyde emission test method specified in 4.60 in the test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneered artificial boards (GB/T17657-2013) of national standard method, wherein i =1,2, n is an integer
n is the total number of the application types of the plates used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer and is more than or equal to 2.
Particularly, the background concentration C' of formaldehyde in the indoor air in the step 5) is measured according to national Standard method "indoor air quality Standard (GB/T18883-2002").
In the step 8), selecting a formula (2) or a formula (3) according to the ventilation times N to respectively measure the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate used in the room to be decorated i (ii) a Wherein:
8A) If the number of times of ventilation N is less than 0.4 times/h, respectively calculating the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each used plate in the room to be decorated according to a formula (2) i ：
In equation (2):
i is the ith board used in the room to be decorated, i =1,2,.. N, n is the total number of the types of the boards used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer, and n is more than or equal to 2; h is the highest monthly average humidity of the climate of the place where the room to be built is located,%; t is the average temperature of the hottest month of the climate at the place where the room to be decorated is located, DEG C; delta. For the preparation of a coating i ' is the formaldehyde emission of the i-th plate in mg/m 3 (ii) a Wherein delta i ' is a chemical and physical property testing formula for artificial board and decorative artificial board using national standard method
The formaldehyde emission test method specified in 4.60 in method (GB/T17657-2013) is used for measurement;
8B) If the number of times of ventilation N is more than or equal to 0.4 times/h, respectively calculating the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each used plate in the room to be decorated according to a formula (3) i ：
In equation (3):
i is the ith board used in the room to be decorated, i =1,2,.. N, n is the total number of the types of the boards used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer, and n is more than or equal to 2; h is the highest monthly average humidity of the climate of the place where the room to be built is located,%; t is the average temperature of the hottest month of the climate at the place where the room to be decorated is located, DEG C; delta i ' is the formaldehyde emission of the i-th plate in mg/m 3 (ii) a Wherein delta i ' the measurement is carried out by using a ' formaldehyde emission test method ' specified in 4.60 in the test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and decorative artificial boards (GB/T17657-2013) of the national standard method;
the method (1) has short test period. The limit formaldehyde release amount of the plate can be directly calculated by using the formaldehyde release amount of the plate, the average temperature and humidity of the maximum month and the ventilation rate without complex and tedious tests; (2) is more practical. The composite board is suitable for the heterozygous state of various boards and is closer to the actual use condition; (3) and is more accurate. The influence of the average temperature and humidity of the maximum month, the temperature and humidity during the test and the ventilation rate on the concentration of formaldehyde in the indoor air is fully considered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and benefits:
1. the method simplifies the parameters, and saves T in GB/T39598-2021 1 (seal test time specified in GB/T18883) and T 0 (the initial stable release time of the formaldehyde of the artificial board after the door and the window are closed can be set as 8h during estimation), and the initial stable release time of the formaldehyde of the artificial board after the door and the window are closed and the sealing test time are given, so that a calculation formula is simplified.
2. The method is suitable for predicting the scene of simultaneous use of various wood artificial boards, more accords with the actual use condition, can predict the use condition of various boards in a decorated house, and has more accurate result compared with the estimation by only using one board with the maximum use area;
3. the method of the invention predicts the concentration content of the indoor formaldehyde according to the number of times of indoor air ventilation, overcomes the technical defect that the influence of the number of times of indoor air ventilation on the formaldehyde release of the plate is not considered but only a temperature and humidity coefficient correction formula is adopted, and improves the accuracy of predicting the limit formaldehyde release amount of the plate;
4. the method is simple to operate, the method for obtaining the limit formaldehyde emission of the plate is simplified, and the limit formaldehyde emission of the plate, the temperature, the humidity and the ventilation rate can be calculated; the method has the advantages that the limit formaldehyde release amount of the plate does not need to be tested, the testing time is shortened, the cost is saved, the operation method is simplified, the method is simple, and the prediction efficiency is improved;
5. the method of the invention has accurate prediction result of the indoor formaldehyde concentration, is closer to the actual situation after house decoration, can accurately reflect the actual content of formaldehyde in the house after decoration, provides basis for reasonably selecting the home decoration design scheme for consumers, and provides guarantee for the indoor living environment health of the consumers.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the location of the house to be decorated is taken as an example of a certain house (bedroom) to be decorated in the xuhui area of shanghai city, and the concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the bedroom after decoration is predicted.
Finishing the land: shanghai, bedroom area 25m 2 And the height of the layer is 2.8m, and the house is occupied by one person.
Decoration time: in 2021.
Decoration design: laying wood floor in bedroom, and customizing a wardrobe in the horizontal chamber, wherein the formaldehyde emission of the board used as the floor is 0.025mg/m 3 The amount of the floor board is 25m 2 (ii) a The wardrobe door plate and the wardrobe body plate are made of the same plate, namely the wardrobe plate for short, and the formaldehyde emission of the plate used as the wardrobe plate is 0.020mg/m 3 The dosage of the wardrobe board is 29m 2 (ii) a Wardrobe board + floor totally 54m 2 。
1. Investigating and determining the hottest average temperature t and the maximum average humidity H of the place where the house to be decorated is located
By inquiring the latest 'Chinese statistical yearbook' counted and compiled by the national statistical bureau, the 'urban average temperature' and 'urban average relative humidity' in the 'resources and environments' part are consulted to obtain the hottest monthly average temperature t and the highest monthly average relative humidity H of the house decoration place.
The latest 'Chinese statistical yearbook' is the statistical yearbook of the first 1 year of the year in which house decoration is located.
In example 1, the place where the house is located is Shanghai city, and the average temperature t of the hottest month in the Shanghai city is obtained by referring to the average temperature and the average relative humidity of the city in the resource and environment part in the latest (usually, one year before house decoration, 2020) statistical year in the house decoration period counted by the national statistical agency; the maximum monthly average relative humidity H was 86%.
2. Measuring the number of times of ventilation N of a house to be decorated
According to the national standard, part 1 of the public place sanitation inspection method: the method of physical factors (GB/T18204.1) measures the ventilation times N of the house; the result N was 0.50 times/h.
With CO 2 Separately testing environmental CO for trace gas by using a GCH-3010E type portable infrared analyzer 2 Background concentration (1021 mg/m) 3 ) At the beginning CO 2 Concentration (1085 mg/m) 3 ) And CO at 30min 2 Concentration (1103 mg/m) 3 ) And substituting the formula in GB/T18204.1, and calculating to obtain the ventilation frequency of 0.50 times/h.
The national standard for measuring the number of times of ventilation in the embodiment of the invention is part 1 of public place health inspection method: physical factors (GB/T18204.1-2013), wherein all date-oblivious reference files in national standard references in the invention are latest versions (including all modification lists) of the national standard.
Or the living area of the average number of people is less than or equal to 50m 2 The number of times of ventilation N of the house to be decorated can be inquired and obtained according to appendix A in artificial board indoor load limit guidelines based on the limit formaldehyde emission (GB/T39598-2021) of the national standard method.
Bedroom in this example (25 m) 2 ) One person inhales, so annex A in artificial board indoor load limit guidelines (GB/T39598-2021) based on limit formaldehyde release amount in the national standard method is inquired, and the obtained ventilation times (namely air replacement rate) N of the house to be decorated is 0.5 times/h.
3. Determining the type n of the plates used in the house to be decorated and the using area S of each plate according to the decoration design scheme of the house i ；
Decoration design: laying wood floors on the horizontal ground, and customizing a wardrobe indoors, wherein:
the board designated for use as a floor had a formaldehyde emission of 0.025mg/m 3 (ii) a Amount (i.e. area) S of wood floor 1 Is 25m 2 (ii) a The same board was used for the door panel and cabinet panel of the wardrobe, and the formaldehyde emission of the board designated as the wardrobe panel was 0.020mg/m 3 (ii) a Usage amount S of wardrobe board 2 Is 29m 2 ；
According to the decoration design scheme of a house, 2 kinds of plates (namely, a plate for a floor and a plate for a wardrobe) are used for bedroom decoration, namely n =2; and the usage amount (i.e. the usage area) of the sheet material of each application type is respectively: usable floor area S of wood floor 1 Is 25m 2 (ii) a Usable area S of wardrobe board 2 Is 29m 2 。
4. Determination of Formaldehyde emission Delta of Each Board to be used in House to be overhauled i ′
N kinds of plates to be used in house to be repaired according toMeasuring formaldehyde emission delta of each plate according to a formaldehyde emission test method specified in 4.60 in methods for testing physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneers by the national standard (GB/T17657-2013) i ', wherein i =1,2, · n.
In this embodiment, there are 2 boards used for new decoration of a bedroom, which are wood floor boards and wardrobe boards, i.e. n =2.
The formaldehyde emission delta of 2 boards was determined according to the "test method for formaldehyde emission" specified in 4.60 of the test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneers in the national Standard method (GB/T17657-2013) i ' are respectively: formaldehyde emission delta of wood floor 1 ′＝0.025mg/m 3 (ii) a Formaldehyde emission delta of wardrobe board 2 ′＝0.020mg/m 3 。
The formaldehyde emission of the board is detected by manufacturers before purchase, and can be provided by the board manufacturers.
5. Determining background concentration C 'of formaldehyde in air in to-be-decorated house'
Determining the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the house according to the national standard method indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883-2002);
the indoor temperature t is 27 ℃ during measurement; the indoor relative humidity H' is 67%; after being sealed for 12 hours, the measured formaldehyde background concentration C' is 0.006mg/m 3 。
6. Determining air limit formaldehyde background concentration C in house to be decorated 0
Calculating the limit formaldehyde background concentration C of indoor air according to a formula (4) 0 ，
In equation (4):
C 0 : the air limit formaldehyde background concentration in the room to be decorated is mg/m 3 (ii) a C': background concentration of formaldehyde in air in room to be decorated in mg/m 3 (ii) a According to the national standard method, the indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883)-2002) a test; t': when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in a room to be decorated is tested, the temperature in the room is in the DEG C; h': testing the relative humidity in the room in percent when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the room to be decorated is tested; t: average temperature of the hottest month of the climate of the room to be decorated is at DEG C; h: the highest monthly average humidity% of the climate of the room to be decorated;
calculating to obtain the limit formaldehyde background concentration C of the air in the bedroom 0 Is 0.011mg/m 3 (ii) a t' is 27 ℃; h' is 67%.
In the method, the limit formaldehyde background concentration C of indoor air is calculated according to a formula (4) 0 Wherein the temperature t 'and relative humidity H' when testing the background concentration of formaldehyde are considered to C 0 The influence of the temperature and the humidity on the formaldehyde background concentration is eliminated by the formula (4), namely, the difference of the formaldehyde background concentration in the indoor air measured under different temperature and humidity conditions is overcome.
7. Measuring the volume of the room space (V) of the house to be finished
The area and the room height of the house to be decorated are measured, and the indoor space volume of the house is as follows: area x room height.
Horizontal area 25m 2 2.8m higher layer
The measured volume V of the indoor space of the house to be decorated is as follows: (25 × 2.8) =70m 3 。
8. Measuring the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate in the house to be decorated i
The number of times of ventilation N is 0.50 times/h, and since N is more than or equal to 0.4 times/h, the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate used in the room to be decorated is respectively calculated according to a formula (3) i ：
In equation (3):
i is the ith board used in the room to be decorated, i =1,2,.. N, n is the total number of the types of the boards used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer, and n =2; h is to beThe highest monthly average humidity% of the climate of the decorated room; t is the average temperature of the hottest month of the climate at the place where the room to be decorated is located, DEG C; delta i ' is the formaldehyde emission of the i-th plate in mg/m 3 (ii) a Wherein delta i ' the measurement is carried out by using a ' formaldehyde emission test method ' specified by 4.60 in a test method for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneers by using a national standard method (GB/T17657-2013);
the limiting formaldehyde emission of the 2 panels in this example were: ultimate formaldehyde emission delta of board 1 (wood floor) 1 Is 0.122mg/m 3 (ii) a Ultimate formaldehyde emission delta of plate 2 (wardrobe board) 2 Is 0.098mg/m 3 ；
9. Predicting the concentration C of formaldehyde in indoor air after finishing house decoration according to the formula (1) ∞
In formula (1):
n: the total number of types of the plates used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer, and n =2;
C 0 : limit formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air, mg/m 3 ；
S i (ii) a M area of each panel in room to be decorated 2 ；
δ i : limit formaldehyde emission amount of each plate in room to be decorated, mg/m 3 ；
V: indoor space volume of room to be repaired, m 3 ；
N: the number of times of indoor air ventilation is one/h;
C ∞ : concentration of formaldehyde in the room air after decoration, mg/m 3 。
Predicting formaldehyde concentration C in indoor air after house decoration ∞ Is 0.093mg/m 3 And the concentration of formaldehyde in the indoor air reaches the standard.
According to the national standard method, namely indoor air quality Standard (GB/T18883-2002), the finished house is finishedThe formaldehyde content in the air is actually measured, and the measurement result is 0.094mg/m 3 The formaldehyde concentration value in the indoor air after the house decoration predicted by the method is finished is 0.093mg/m 3 The error between the actual measurement result and the predicted value is only 1.06 percent and is almost completely consistent with the actual content of the formaldehyde in the room after decoration.
According to GB/T39598-2021 "artificial board indoor bearing limit guidelines based on limit formaldehyde emission amount": the number of times of air exchange is 0.50 times/h, and the volume of indoor space is 70m 3 (25m 2 X 2.8 m), the formaldehyde emission of the board (wardrobe board) with the maximum dosage is 0.020mg/m 3 The formaldehyde emission of the wardrobe board tested after the ventilation frequency of the climate box is adjusted to be 0.5 times/h according to the indoor air ventilation frequency is 0.032mg/m 3 According to GB/T39598-2021, under the same conditions of the hottest average temperature T and the highest average humidity of the maximum month as the conditions of example 1 of the invention, the limit formaldehyde emission of the wardrobe board is calculated to be 0.118mg/m 3 ；
The formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air is 0.006mg/m 3 Calculating the limit formaldehyde background concentration of 0.022mg/m in the bedroom air according to the GB/T39598-2021 method 3 (ii) a Total area of board 54 (25 +29) m 2 The result of calculating and calculating the indoor air by taking the formula of GB/T39598-2021 artificial board indoor bearing limit guideline based on the limit formaldehyde emission is 0.109mg/m 3 Error 15.96%.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the location of the room to be decorated is a certain room (study) to be decorated in the hai lake area of beijing as an example, and the concentration content of formaldehyde in the air in the study after decoration is predicted.
Finishing the land: beijing, study area 52m 2 The layer height is 2.8m, and the utility model is used by one person.
Decoration time: in 2021.
Decoration design: a set of bookcase and a desk are customized in the study, wherein the bookcase uses two kinds of plates: a bookcase door plate and a bookcase body plate; the formaldehyde release amount of the sheet material used as the door panel of the bookcase is 0.005mg/m 3 The usage amount of the plate for the door plate of the bookcase is 6m 2 (ii) a The formaldehyde emission of the board used as the cabinet body board of the bookcase is 0.100mg/m 3 The usage amount of the board for the cabinet body board of the bookcase is 5m 2 (ii) a The board material designated for use as a desk board had a formaldehyde emission of 0.120mg/m 3 The usage amount of the board for the desk board is 4m 2 ；
1. Investigating and determining the hottest average temperature t and the maximum average humidity H of the place where the house to be decorated is located
In example 2, the place of the house to be repaired is Beijing, the urban average temperature and the urban average relative humidity of the resource and environment part in the latest statistical yearbook (usually, the year 2020 before the house decoration) of the house decoration period counted by the national statistical bureau are consulted, and the average temperature t of the hottest month in Beijing is 26.9 ℃; the maximum monthly average relative humidity H was 72%.
2. Measuring the number of times of ventilation N of a house to be decorated
According to the national standard public place health inspection method part 1: the method of physical factors (GB/T18204.1) measures the ventilation times N of the house; the result N was 0.35 times/hr.
With CO 2 Separately testing environmental CO for trace gas by using a GCH-3010E type portable infrared analyzer 2 Background concentration (1082 mg/m) 3 ) At the beginning CO 2 Concentration (1160 mg/m) 3 ) And CO at 30min 2 Concentration (1175 mg/m) 3 ) And substituting the formula GB/T18204.1 to calculate the ventilation frequency to be 0.35 times/h.
3. Determining the type n of the plates used in the house to be decorated and the using area S of each plate according to the decoration design scheme of the house i ；
Decoration design: a bookcase and a desk are customized in the study room, wherein:
the bookcase uses two types of boards: a bookcase door plate and a bookcase body plate; the formaldehyde emission of the plate used as the door panel of the bookcase is 0.005mg/m 3 Dosage (i.e. area) of plate material of door plate of book cabinet S 1 Is 6m 2 (ii) a Destined for use as bookcase bodyThe formaldehyde emission of the plate material of the plate was 0.100mg/m 3 Dosage S of board material of cabinet body board of book cabinet 2 Is 5m 2 (ii) a The board material designated as the desk board had a formaldehyde emission of 0.120mg/m 3 Desk board material dosage S 3 Is 4m 2 。
According to the decoration design scheme of a house, 3 kinds of plates (namely a bookcase door plate, a bookcase body plate and a desk plate) are used for decoration in a study, namely n =3; and the usage amount of each purpose plate is respectively as follows: dosage (i.e. usable area) S of door sheet material of bookcase 1 Is 6m 2 (ii) a Dosage S of cabinet body plate of bookcase 2 Is 5m 2 (ii) a Dosage S of desk board 3 Is 4m 2 。
4. Determination of Formaldehyde emission Delta of Each Board to be used in House to be overhauled i ′
The method comprises the steps of measuring the formaldehyde emission delta of each board by n board types used in houses to be decorated according to a formaldehyde emission test method specified in 4.60 in the test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and artificial veneers (GB/T17657-2013) of the national standard method i ', wherein i =1,2, · n.
In this embodiment, there are 3 (n = 3) boards used for newly assembling and repairing the study room, namely, the door panel of the bookcase, the cabinet panel and the desk panel.
The formaldehyde emission delta of 3 boards was measured according to the "test method for formaldehyde emission" specified in 4.60 of test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneers in accordance with the methods of the national Standard (GB/T17657-2013) i ' are respectively: formaldehyde release amount delta of bookcase door panel 1 ′＝0.005mg/m 3 (ii) a Formaldehyde release amount delta of cabinet body plate material of bookcase 2 ′＝0.100mg/m 3 (ii) a Formaldehyde emission delta of desk board 3 ′＝0.120mg/m 3 。
The formaldehyde emission of the plate is detected by manufacturers before purchase, and can be provided by the plate manufacturers.
5. Determining background concentration C 'of formaldehyde in air in to-be-decorated house'
Determining the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the house according to the national standard method indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883-2002);
the indoor temperature t' is 27 ℃ during measurement; the indoor relative humidity H' is 68 percent; after being sealed for 12 hours, the measured formaldehyde background concentration C' is 0.002mg/m 3 。
6. Determining air limit formaldehyde background concentration C in house to be decorated 0
Calculating the limit formaldehyde background concentration C of the indoor air according to a formula (4) 0 ，
In equation (4):
C 0 : the air limit formaldehyde background concentration in the room to be decorated is mg/m 3 ；
C': background concentration of formaldehyde in air in room to be decorated in mg/m 3 (ii) a Testing according to the national standard method, namely indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883-2002);
t': when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the room to be decorated is tested, the temperature in the room is in DEG C;
h': testing the relative humidity in the room in percent when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the room to be decorated is tested;
t: average temperature of the hottest month of the climate of the room to be decorated is at DEG C;
h: the highest monthly average humidity% of the climate of the room to be decorated;
calculated air limit formaldehyde background concentration C in study room 0 Is 0.002mg/m 3 (ii) a t' is 27 ℃; h' is 68%.
7. Measuring the indoor space volume (V) of the house to be finished
The area and the room height of the house to be decorated are measured, and the indoor space volume of the house is as follows: area x room height.
Study area 52m 2 2.8m higher layer
The measured volume V of the indoor space of the house to be decorated is as follows: (52 × 2.8) =145.6m 3 。
8. Measuring the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate in the house to be decorated i
The number of times of ventilation N is 0.35 times/h, and because N is less than 0.4 times/h, the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate used in the room to be decorated is respectively calculated according to a formula (2) i ：
In equation (2):
i is the ith board used in the room to be decorated, i =1,2,.. N, n is the total number of the types of the boards used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer, and n =3;
h is the highest monthly average humidity of the climate where the room to be decorated is located,%;
t is the average temperature of the hottest month of the climate at the place where the room to be decorated is located, and is DEG C;
δ i ' is the formaldehyde emission of the i-th plate in mg/m 3 (ii) a Wherein delta i ' the measurement is carried out by using a ' formaldehyde emission test method ' specified in 4.60 in the test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and decorative artificial boards (GB/T17657-2013) of the national standard method;
the limiting formaldehyde emission of the 3 panels in this example were: ultimate formaldehyde emission delta of plate 1 (bookcase door panel) 1 Is 0.025mg/m 3 (ii) a Ultimate formaldehyde emission delta of plate 2 (cabinet body plate of bookcase) 2 Is 0.537mg/m 3 (ii) a Limited Formaldehyde emission Delta of Panel 3 (desk Panel) 3 Is 0.645mg/m 3 ；
9. Predicting the concentration C of formaldehyde in indoor air after finishing house decoration according to the formula (1) ∞
In equation (1):
n: the total number of types of the plates used in the room to be decorated, n is an integer, and n =3;
C 0 : limit formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air, mg/m 3 ；
S i : m area of each plate in room to be decorated 2 ；
δ i : the limit formaldehyde release amount of each plate in the room to be decorated is mg/m 3 ；
V: indoor space volume of room to be repaired, m 3 ；
N: the times of indoor air ventilation are divided into times/h;
C ∞ : concentration of formaldehyde in the room air after decoration, mg/m 3 。
Predicting formaldehyde concentration C in air in study after finishing house decoration ∞ Is 0.049mg/m 3 And the concentration of formaldehyde in the indoor air reaches the standard.
According to the national standard method of indoor air quality Standard (GB/T18883-2002), the formaldehyde content in the air in the house after finishing decoration is actually measured, and the measurement result is 0.049mg/m 3 The formaldehyde concentration value in the indoor air after the house decoration is finished, which is predicted by adopting the method of the invention, is 0.049mg/m 3 And the actual measurement result is consistent with the predicted value.
According to GB/T39598-2021 "artificial board indoor bearing limit guidelines based on limit formaldehyde emission amount": the number of times of air exchange of indoor air is 0.35 times/h, and the volume of indoor space is 145.6m 3 (52m 2 X 2.8 m), the maximum dosage of the board (door panel of the bookcase) has the formaldehyde release amount of 0.005mg/m 3 Adjusting the ventilation frequency of the climate box to be 0.35 times/h according to the indoor air ventilation frequency, and then testing the formaldehyde emission of the cabinet body plate of the bookcase to be 0.006mg/m 3 According to GB/T39598-2021, under the same conditions of average temperature in hottest month and average humidity in the hottest month and the same conditions of average humidity in the hottest month as the conditions of the example 2 of the invention, the limit formaldehyde emission of the cabinet body plate of the bookcase is calculated to be 0.013mg/m 3 ；
The formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air is 0.002mg/m 3 Calculating the air limit formaldehyde background concentration of 0.004mg/m in the study room according to the GB/T39598-2021 method 3 (ii) a Total area of use of plate 15 (6 +5+ 4) m 2 The calculation result of indoor air is 0.024mg/m by substituting into GB/T39598-2021 artificial board indoor load limit guideline based on limit formaldehyde emission 3 Error 51.0%.
The current GB/T39598-2021 is only suitable for one plate, and the plate with the largest use amount is used for estimation, and actually, a plurality of materials such as floors, wallboards and the like are often used in the actual decoration process. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that one sheet material is used for replacing various sheet materials for estimation, so that the estimation result is different from the actual condition, the estimation result is inaccurate, and the indoor air quality does not reach the standard after the subsequent house decoration is finished.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for predicting the concentration of pollutants in indoor air after house decoration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Investigating and determining the hottest monthly average temperature t and the highest monthly average relative humidity H of the place where the house to be decorated is located;
2) Measuring the ventilation times N of the house to be decorated;
3) Determining the type n of the board used for house decoration and the usable area S of various boards according to the design scheme of house decoration i Wherein i =1,2, · n, n is an integer, n ≧ 2;
4) Determination of the Formaldehyde emission Delta of each sheet i ′；
5) Measuring the background concentration C' of formaldehyde in indoor air of a house to be decorated;
6) Determining the air space of a house to be decoratedGas limit formaldehyde background concentration C 0
Calculating the limit formaldehyde background concentration C of indoor air according to a formula (4) 0 ，
In equation (4):
C 0 : limit formaldehyde background concentration in air in room to be decorated in mg/m 3 ；
C': background concentration of formaldehyde in air in room to be decorated in mg/m 3 (ii) a Testing according to the national standard method, namely indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883-2002);
t': when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in a room to be decorated is tested, the temperature in the room is in the DEG C;
h': testing the relative humidity in the room in percent when the background concentration of formaldehyde in the air in the room to be decorated is tested;
t: average temperature of the hottest month of the climate of the room to be decorated is at DEG C;
h: the highest monthly average humidity% of the climate of the room to be decorated;
7) Measuring the volume V of an indoor space of a house to be decorated, wherein V is the indoor use area multiplied by the height of the house;
8) Measuring the limit formaldehyde emission delta of each plate in the house to be repaired i ；
9) Predicting the concentration C of formaldehyde in indoor air after finishing house decoration according to the formula (1) ∞
In equation (1):
n: the total number of types of the plates used in the room to be decorated is an integer, and n is more than or equal to 2;
C 0 : limit formaldehyde background concentration of indoor air, mg/m 3 ；
S i : area of board used in room to be decorated, m 2 ；
δ i : limit formaldehyde emission of sheet material in mg/m used in room to be decorated 3 ；
V: indoor space volume of room to be repaired, m 3 ；
N: the number of times of indoor air ventilation is one/h;
C ∞ : concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air after decoration, mg/m 3 。
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the average temperature t of the hottest month and the average humidity H of the highest month at the location of the room to be decorated are obtained in step 1) by referring to statistical data of a resource and environment part in the "yearbook for statistics" compiled by the national statistics bureau.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pollutant in the air is formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound, benzene, toluene or xylene, preferably formaldehyde.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hottest monthly average temperature is the average temperature of the month of the year in which the monthly average temperature is the highest; the maximum monthly average relative humidity is the average relative humidity of the month of the year in which the monthly average relative humidity is the highest.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of ventilations N in step 2) is according to the national standard "public health test method part 1: the method of physical factors (GB/T18204.1) was performed.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the formaldehyde emission δ of each of the sheets in the step 4) is i ' Formaldehyde emission test method specified in 4.60 in test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneered artificial boards (GB/T17657-2013) according to national standard method "Performing an assay, wherein i =1,2, · n, n is an integer.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the background concentration C' of formaldehyde in the indoor air in the step 5) is measured according to national Standard method "indoor air quality Standard (GB/T18883-2002).
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| CN116703042A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-09-05 | 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 | Indoor air quality building method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116910871A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-10-20 | 中兴胜工程设计有限公司 | Feasibility assessment method and system for building design scheme |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116910871A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-10-20 | 中兴胜工程设计有限公司 | Feasibility assessment method and system for building design scheme |
| CN116910871B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-01-26 | 中兴胜工程设计有限公司 | Feasibility assessment method and system for building design scheme |
| CN116703042A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-09-05 | 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 | Indoor air quality building method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116703042B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-12-29 | 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 | Indoor air quality building method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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