CN115822576A - Quantitative characterization method for residual oil of injection-production well group of ultra-low permeability reservoir - Google Patents
Quantitative characterization method for residual oil of injection-production well group of ultra-low permeability reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and discloses a quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an injection and production well group of an ultra-low permeability reservoir, which comprises the following steps: s1, with a water injection well as a center, performing injection-production unit division on a well group, and solving the physical property parameters of average porosity, permeability, water content, water saturation and effective thickness of each unit; s2, respectively calculating the effective distances of the washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining the control ranges of the different areas; s3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the corresponding water washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area in each unit; and S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution graph of the injection and production well group to obtain a residual oil distribution mode of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group. The method disclosed by the invention has small difficulty in obtaining related data, can quantitatively and intuitively describe the distribution rule of residual oil among wells, and points out the excavation and submergence directions of well groups in different residual oil distribution modes, so that a decision basis is provided for improving the development effect of an ultra-low permeability reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an injection and production well group of an ultra-low permeability reservoir.
Background
Along with the deep exploration of petroleum and natural gas, a plurality of ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs are gradually discovered, and in recent years, the low permeability-ultra-low permeability reserves in the reserves account for more than 68% of newly-added discovered reserves, so the ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs occupy very important positions in the petroleum and natural gas industry of China. The method is limited by the outstanding characteristics of poor physical properties, strong heterogeneity, crack development and the like of the oil reservoirs, development contradictions are continuously highlighted, and the method mainly shows that the oil reservoir communication degree is not realized, the water drive and seepage rule among injection and production wells is complex, the distribution condition of residual oil is not clear, so that the oil reservoir development and adjustment lack of effective theoretical support, and further exertion of the potential of an oil well is restricted.
For a long time, many scholars have conducted a great deal of research work around the residual oil distribution of ultra-low permeability reservoirs, which can be largely divided into two types, microscopic residual oil characterization and macroscopic residual oil characterization. The microcosmic residual oil mainly uses two means of rock core displacement and microcosmic physical model to research the occurrence state and distribution characteristics of the residual oil; the macroscopic residual oil research mainly comprises residual oil logging and reservoir numerical simulation technologies, wherein the reservoir numerical simulation is the residual oil characterization method which is the most reliable and widely applied at present. However, the microscopic residual oil characterization can only be used as a qualitative mechanism research means due to the small research scale; logging of residual oil in the macro residual oil characterization method requires logging information of an actual oil well, and construction cost is high; oil reservoir numerical simulation relies on a large amount of basic data and oil reservoir geological modeling, and a large amount of computer time is consumed in the simulation process. In addition, the well group is used as the minimum injection-production unit, and the basis can be provided for the residual oil excavation and submergence treatment more directly and effectively only by carrying out the residual oil characterization with the focus on the residual oil characterization, and obviously, the research scale of the existing method has low applicability to the description of the residual oil of the well group.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quantitative characterization method for the residual oil of an injection and production well group of an ultra-low-permeability reservoir, which only needs the physical property and production data of an injection and production well in the process, has a simpler calculation process and easily-obtained data, can carry out the calculation of the residual oil among wells, quantitatively describes the distribution of the saturation of the residual oil, and accurately provides theoretical support for the development and adjustment of the ultra-low-permeability reservoir in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an injection and production well group of an ultra-low permeability reservoir comprises the following steps:
s1, with a water injection well as a center, performing injection-production unit division on a well group, and solving the average porosity, permeability, water content and water saturation of each unit;
s2, respectively calculating the effective distances of the washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining the control ranges of the different areas;
s3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the corresponding water washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area in each unit;
and S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution graph of the injection and production well group to obtain a residual oil distribution mode of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group.
Preferably, in step S1, the average porosity, permeability and water saturation are calculated by performing a weighted average on measured values of the injection and production wells.
Preferably, in the step S1, the water content calculation method is an average value of the water content of the oil production well in approximately three months.
Preferably, in the step S2, the calculation of the effective distance of the washing area is divided into two conditions of a pore type reservoir stratum and a fracture type reservoir stratum;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the pore type reservoir water washing area is as follows:
in the formula: r is wr Is the effective distance of the water washing area, m; s or Residual oil saturation,%; f. of w The derivative of the curve of the change of the water content along with the water saturation is obtained; phi is flatAverage porosity, decimal fraction; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d；t d The water breakthrough time of the oil well, d and t are the production time;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the water washing area of the fractured reservoir is as follows:
in the formula: k t The average permeability, mD, of the water wash zone; mu is the formation water viscosity, mPa & s; c t Is the comprehensive compression coefficient of stratum, MPa -1 (ii) a φ is the average porosity, decimal.
Preferably, in the step S2, the calculation of the effective distance of the two-phase region is also divided into two cases, namely a pore type reservoir and a fracture type reservoir;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the two-phase region of the pore type reservoir is as follows:
in the formula: r is a radical of hydrogen f Is the effective distance of the two-phase region, m; r is the extraction degree of crude oil of a well group,%; A. b, C are constants related to the starting pressure gradient, fluidity and injection-production differential pressure, respectively;
in the fractured reservoir, the two-phase region is elliptical, and effective distance calculation formulas in the directions of the short axis and the long axis are respectively as follows:
in the formula: r is af And r bf Respectively the effective distances m in the short axis and long axis directions; l is the half crack length, m.
Preferably, in step S2, the calculation formula of the effective distance of the swept area is as follows:
in the formula: r is the effective distance of the swept area, m; r is w Is the wellbore radius; s. the w Water saturation,%; t is production time, d; f. of w The derivative of the curve of the change of the water content along with the water saturation is obtained; phi is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d。
Preferably, in step S3, the residual oil saturation in the water washing zone is the residual oil saturation.
Preferably, in step S3, the remaining oil saturation in the two-phase region is an average oil saturation in the two-phase region, and the calculation method includes:
in the formula:
average oil saturation,%, of the two-phase region; phi is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d；r f Is the effective distance of the two-phase region, m; r is wr Is the effective distance of the water washing area, m; t is the production time, d.
Preferably, in step S3, the remaining oil saturation of the swept area is an average oil saturation of the swept area, and the calculation method is as follows:
in the formula: s od Average oil saturation,%, of swept zones; s oi Initial oil saturation,%; a. The wr 、A tp 、A od 、A d Respectively representing the areas of a water washing area, a two-phase area, a swept area and a well group; s or Is residual oil saturation,%;
is the average oil saturation,%, of the two-phase region.
Preferably, in the step S4, the remaining oil distribution modes of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group include a moderate water-flooding uniform effect type, a unidirectional water-flooding directional effect type, a multidirectional water-flooding directional effect type, a local weak-oil-use directional effect type, and a displacement-insufficient weak effect type.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The characterization method can quantitatively and visually describe the distribution rule of the residual oil among wells, and indicate the excavation and submergence directions of well groups in different residual oil distribution modes, so that a decision basis is provided for improving the development effect of the ultra-low permeability reservoir;
(2) The invention only needs physical property data of porosity, permeability, effective thickness, oil saturation and the like of the injection and production well and basic parameters of production dynamic data and the like, and relates to less data and is easy to obtain;
(3) The method is mainly based on the oil-water two-phase seepage theory in the oil reservoir engineering, the calculation process is simple, the operability is strong, and compared with the traditional methods such as oil reservoir numerical simulation and the like, the method avoids the waste of a large number of computers and saves a large amount of time and labor cost;
(4) Compared with the actual dynamic monitoring and analyzing result, the calculation result of the invention has high conformity degree, can meet the engineering requirement, and can be popularized and applied in a large range in the ultra-low permeability reservoir.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an injection and production well group of an ultra-low permeability reservoir.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a well group injection-production unit and the division of different zones of use provided by the present invention; wherein, fig. 2 (a) is the well group injection-production unit division, and fig. 2 (b) is the distribution schematic diagram of the water washing area, the two-phase area, the swept area and the unused area in the well group.
FIG. 3 is an example of a well saturation profile and water flood front monitoring comparison implemented in accordance with the present invention; wherein, fig. 3 (a) is a residual oil saturation distribution diagram of the injection and production well group, and fig. 3 (b) is a water flooding front monitoring result of the injection and production well group.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an injection-production well group of an ultra-low permeability reservoir comprises the following steps:
s1, with a water injection well as a center, performing injection-production unit division on a well group, and solving physical parameters such as average porosity, permeability, water content, water saturation and the like of each unit; wherein, the calculation method of average porosity, permeability and water saturation is to carry out weighted average on measured values of the injection and production wells; the average water content calculation method is the average value of the water content of the oil production well in nearly three months.
The plateaus 39-31 were located in a particular ultra-low permeability reservoir with a diamond-shaped inverted nine-point pattern with an average oil layer thickness (effective thickness) of 14.7m, average porosities and permeabilities of 9.72% and 0.46mD, respectively, and initial oil saturations and residual oil saturations of 56.3% and 27.4%, respectively. At present, the production time of a well group is 7.4 years, and the average water content of the well group reaches 62.8 percent. Geological and dynamic monitoring researches show that the well group does not develop cracks and is a porous reservoir stratum. The physical properties of the specific reservoirs of the oil production well and the water injection well and production data are shown in a table 1; in addition, the wellbore radius of all single wells is 0.1m, and the rest of the relevant constants can be referred to the classic literature in the industry.
TABLE 1 plateau 38-31 well group single well physical property parameter and production data statistical table
The production dynamic data to be collected includes: porosity, permeability, effective thickness, initial oil saturation and residual oil saturation, oil/water production from production wells, formation water viscosity, formation compressional factor, half-length of fracture, water breakthrough time from wells, production time, extent of crude oil production from well groups, constants associated with start-up pressure gradient, mobility and injection-production differential pressure, and wellbore radius. Collecting according to the requirement according to whether the reservoir type is a pore type reservoir or a fracture type reservoir.
S2, respectively calculating the effective distances of the washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining the control ranges of the different areas;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the pore type reservoir water washing area is as follows:
in the formula: r is wr Is the effective distance of the water washing area, m; s or Residual oil saturation,%; f. of w The derivative of the curve of the change of the water content along with the water saturation is obtained; phi is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d；t d The water breakthrough time of the oil well, d and t are the production time;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the two-phase region of the pore type reservoir is as follows:
in the formula: r is a radical of hydrogen f Is the effective distance of the two-phase region, m; r is the extraction process of the crude oil of the well groupDegree,%; A. b, C are constants relating to the starting pressure gradient, fluidity and injection and production pressure differential, respectively.
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the swept area is as follows:
in the formula: r is the effective distance of the swept area, m; r is w Is the wellbore radius; s w Water saturation,%; t is production time, d; f. of w The derivative of the curve of the change of the water content along with the water saturation is obtained; phi is porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d。
Taking a rhombic nineteen-point well pattern shown by the well group as an example, a dividing method of a well group injection and production unit (figure 2 a) and a schematic diagram of a water washing area, a two-phase area, a swept area and a utilization area distribution in the well group (figure 2 b) are given.
S3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the corresponding water washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area in each unit;
the remaining oil saturation in the water wash zone is the residual oil saturation.
The residual oil saturation of the two-phase region is the average oil saturation of the two-phase region, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula:
average oil saturation,%, of the two-phase region; phi is porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d；r f Is the effective distance of the two-phase region, m; r is wr Is the effective distance of the water washing area, m; t is the production time, d.
The residual oil saturation of the swept area is the average oil saturation of the swept area, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: s od Average oil saturation,%, of swept zones; s. the oi Initial oil saturation,%; a. The wr 、A tp 、A od 、A d Respectively representing the areas of a water washing area, a two-phase area, a swept area and a well group; s or Residual oil saturation,%;
is the average oil saturation,%, of the two-phase region.
Based on the known parameters of the well group, the effective distances of the water washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area and the corresponding oil saturation are respectively calculated by using the characterization method, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 calculation results of quantitative characterization parameters of residual oil in well groups 38-31
Drawing a residual oil saturation distribution graph (figure 3 a) of the injection and production well group by using the calculation result; meanwhile, the calculation result is compared with the water drive front monitoring result (fig. 3 b) of the well group, so that the calculation result has high goodness of fit with the actual monitoring, and the scientificity and the reliability of the characterization method are shown.
And S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution graph of the injection and production well group to obtain a residual oil distribution mode of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group, wherein the residual oil distribution mode of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group comprises a moderate water flooding uniform effect type, a unidirectional water flooding directional effect type, a multidirectional water flooding directional effect type, a local weak oil flooding directional effect type and a displacement insufficient weak effect type.
The distribution rule of the residual oil among the wells and the distribution characteristics of the petroleum reserves which are not used among the wells can be described very intuitively by using the drawn residual oil distribution diagram among the wells, so that the fine adjustment of the injection and production technical policy of the well group can be conveniently carried out in time.
Example 2
According to the calculation process described in the embodiment 1, the representation of the residual oil distribution of 53 well groups of the oil deposit is completed, five typical interwell residual oil distribution modes existing in the ultra-low permeability oil deposit are provided, and the corresponding residual oil occurrence characteristics are summarized; on the basis, the excavation and submergence directions of the residual oil of the well group in different modes are given, and a decision basis is provided for carrying out effective utilization of the residual oil of the well group in a targeted manner and improving the development effect of the ultra-low permeability reservoir (see table 3).
TABLE 3 ultra-low permeability reservoir well group residual oil distribution pattern and excavation direction
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an injection and production well group of an ultra-low permeability reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, with a water injection well as a center, performing injection-production unit division on a well group, and solving the average porosity, permeability, water content and water saturation of each unit;
s2, respectively calculating the effective distances of the washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining the control ranges of the different areas;
s3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the corresponding water washing area, the two-phase area and the swept area in each unit;
and S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution graph of the injection and production well group to obtain a residual oil distribution mode of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group.
2. The method for quantitatively characterizing the residual oil of the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the average porosity, permeability and water saturation in the step S1 is a weighted average of the measured values of the injection and production wells.
3. The method for quantitatively characterizing the residual oil in the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the water cut calculation method is an average value of the water cuts of the production well in about three months.
4. The quantitative characterization method for the residual oil in the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the calculation of the effective distance of the water washing zone is divided into two cases, namely a pore type reservoir and a fracture type reservoir;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the pore type reservoir rinsing area is as follows:
in the formula: r is wr Is the effective distance of the water washing area, m; s or Residual oil saturation,%; f. of w The derivative of the curve of the change of the water content along with the water saturation is obtained; phi is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d；t d The water breakthrough time of the oil well, d and t are the production time;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the water washing area of the fractured reservoir is as follows:
in the formula: k t The average permeability, mD, of the water wash zone; mu is the formation water viscosity, mPa & s; c t Is the comprehensive compression coefficient of stratum, MPa -1 (ii) a Phi is the average porosity, decimal.
5. The method for quantitatively characterizing the residual oil of the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the calculation of the effective distance of the two-phase region is divided into two cases of a pore type reservoir and a fracture type reservoir;
the calculation formula of the effective distance of the two-phase region of the pore type reservoir is as follows:
in the formula: r is f Is the effective distance of the two-phase region, m; r is the extraction degree of crude oil of a well group,%; A. b, C are constants related to the starting pressure gradient, fluidity and injection-production differential pressure, respectively;
in the fractured reservoir, the two-phase region is elliptical, and effective distance calculation formulas in the directions of the short axis and the long axis are respectively as follows:
in the formula: r is af And r bf Respectively the effective distances m in the short axis and long axis directions; l is the half crack length, m.
6. The method for quantitatively characterizing the residual oil of the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the calculation formula of the effective distance of the swept area is as follows:
in the formula: r is the effective distance of the swept area, m; r is w Is the wellbore radius; s w Water saturation,%; t is production time, d; f. of w The derivative of the curve of the change of the water content along with the water saturation is obtained; phi is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q of w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d。
7. The quantitative characterization method for the residual oil of the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the residual oil saturation of the water washing area is the residual oil saturation.
8. The quantitative characterization method for the residual oil of the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the residual oil saturation of the two-phase region is the average oil saturation of the two-phase region, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula:
average oil saturation,%, of the two-phase region; phi is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q. q.s w M is the water yield of the oil production well 3 /d；r f Is the effective distance of the two-phase region, m; r is wr Is the effective distance of the water washing area, m; t is the production time, d.
9. The quantitative characterization method for the residual oil of the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the residual oil saturation of the swept area is the average oil saturation of the swept area, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: s od Average oil saturation,%, of swept zones; s oi Initial oil saturation,%; a. The wr 、A tp 、A od 、A d Respectively representing the areas of a water washing area, a two-phase area, a swept area and a well group; s or Residual oil saturation,%;
is the average oil saturation,%, of the two-phase region.
10. The quantitative characterization method for the residual oil in the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the residual oil distribution pattern of the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group comprises a moderate water flooding uniform effect type, a unidirectional water flooding directional effect type, a multidirectional water flooding directional effect type, a local weak oil flooding directional effect type and a displacement insufficiently weak effect type.
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