CN115821423A - Polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fiber and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 26
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of spinning materials. The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fiber is obtained by melting, blending and granulating the following raw materials in parts by weight and then carrying out melt spinning, wherein the raw materials comprise 95-100 parts of polylactic acid and 0.01-5 parts of fluorescent substance. The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber prepared by the invention adopts renewable and biodegradable polylactic acid as a polymer matrix, and solves the problems of resource shortage, environmental pollution and the like of the existing petroleum-based solar energy concentrating optical fiber. The preparation process provided by the invention is simple, the cost is low, and the method of melt spinning is adopted, so that the environmental pollution is small, and the method belongs to the category of clean production. In addition, the light-collecting fiber obtained by the invention realizes the unification of high crystallinity and high transparency, so that the fiber has good light-collecting effect and also has good mechanical property and heat resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spinning materials, and particularly relates to a polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of human society, the consumption of fossil energy and the environmental pollution caused by the consumption of fossil energy become more serious. The use of new, clean, renewable energy sources as alternatives to traditional energy sources has become a social consensus. Wherein, convert solar energy into electric energy and can effectively alleviate fossil energy's consumption and environmental pollution's current situation, photovoltaic power generation promptly. At present, most of devices for photovoltaic power generation are solar cells, and a sunlight tracking system and weather conditions are required in the using process of the devices, so that the utilization of solar energy is greatly limited. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of solar cells to sunlight and reduce the cost, fluorescent solar collectors have become a research hotspot.
The fluorescent solar light collector consists of a fluorescent material, a transparent optical waveguide material and a solar cell. Compared to conventional solar cells, fluorescent solar concentrators do not require expensive sunlight tracking systems, complex cooling systems, and independence from weather conditions. At present, most of transparent optical waveguide materials in a fluorescent solar concentrator are flat, however, the main defects of the common flat-plate type fluorescent solar concentrator are that the coupling between a fluorescent layer and a photovoltaic cell is difficult, the transmission and wiring of light is difficult, and the like. Due to the fact that the LSCF is light and flexible, the LSCF can be processed into wearable fabrics with different structures, and the wearable fabrics can be combined with photovoltaic cells to serve as a mobile power source, so that the LSCF has high flexibility. To date, most of the LSCF researches have been conducted by using high refractive index polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cycloolefin polymer (COP), polycarbonate (PC) and Polystyrene (PS) as a matrix and introducing a fluorescent substance to prepare LSCF, however, PMMA, COP, PC and PS are amorphous polymers, and the glass transition temperature is the highest use temperature and is relatively low; in addition, the amorphous polymer made fibers are difficult to be effectively drawn, have low degree of orientation and 0 degree of crystallinity, and are difficult to be made into LSC fibers with good mechanical properties, so that it is one of the research targets in the field to be made into transparent fibers with certain degree of crystallinity and degree of orientation and high strength by melt spinning. However, crystalline polymers are generally a mixture of crystalline and amorphous regions, and there is a refraction of light at the interface between the crystalline and amorphous regions, making it difficult to obtain transparent materials. Therefore, the preparation of the transparent fiber with certain crystallinity and orientation degree and excellent mechanical property and heat resistance is a key problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the light collecting fiber is prepared with polylactic acid 95-100 weight portions and fluorescent material 0.01-5 weight portions, and through smelting, mixing and pelletizing.
As a preferred scheme of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber, the invention comprises the following steps: the viscosity average molecular weight of the polylactic acid is 1.0X 10 4 ～2.0×10 6 (ii) a The fluorescent material is fluorescent dye, transition metal ion compound fluorescent material, rare earth fluorescent material or quantum dot fluorescent material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber, comprising the following steps:
s1, drying polylactic acid and a fluorescent substance in a vacuum oven;
s2, adding the dried polylactic acid and the fluorescent substance into a high-speed mixer for premixing, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices;
and S3, carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the obtained polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices at 65-120 ℃ for 8-48h, drawing after melt spinning, and carrying out heat setting to obtain the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the drying conditions in S1 are as follows: the temperature is 50-105 ℃, and the time is 8-48h.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and the premixing time in the S2 is 3-15 min.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the melting, blending and granulating conditions in the S2 are as follows: 130-250 deg.c and rotation speed of 50-500 rmp.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: in S3, the melt spinning temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the speed is 500-5000 m/min.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the S3, the drafting temperature is 65-120 ℃, and the drafting multiple is 1.5-10.0; the heat setting temperature is 90-135 ℃.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the spinning process in S3 is completed in one step or two steps.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: when the spinning process in the S3 is completed in two steps, the operation process is as follows: firstly, preparing polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting nascent fiber by melt spinning, wherein the spinning temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the spinning speed is 500-5000 m/min; then, drafting and heat setting are carried out on the nascent fiber, wherein the drafting temperature is 65-120 ℃, the drafting multiple is 1.5-10.0, and the heat setting temperature is 90-135 ℃, so as to obtain the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting fiber.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber, the preparation method comprises the following steps: s3, when the spinning process is finished in one step, the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber is prepared by adopting online drafting and heat setting, wherein the online drafting temperature is 65-120 ℃, and the drafting multiple is 1.5-10.0; the heat setting temperature is 90-135 ℃.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a polylactic acid fluorescent solar concentrating optical fiber having a high powerful diameter as described above, comprising the steps of:
s1, drying polylactic acid and a fluorescent substance in a vacuum oven;
s2, adding the dried polylactic acid and the fluorescent substance into a high-speed mixer for premixing, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices;
s3, carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the obtained polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices for 8-48h at the temperature of 50-120 ℃, and carrying out water bath cooling, primary hot steam stretching, secondary hot air stretching and heat setting in sequence after melt spinning to obtain the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fiber with high strength and diameter;
as a preferable embodiment of the method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber having a high strength and diameter of the present invention, wherein: the drying conditions in S1 are as follows: the temperature is 50-105 ℃, and the time is 8-48h.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber having a high strength and diameter of the present invention, wherein: and the premixing time in the S2 is 3-15 min.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber having a large diameter according to the present invention, wherein: the melting, blending and granulating conditions in the S2 are as follows: 130-250 deg.c and rotation speed of 50-500 rmp.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber having a high strength and diameter of the present invention, wherein: the melt spinning temperature in S3 is 130-250 ℃; the cooling temperature of the water bath is 0-75 ℃; the winding speed of one roller is 1-50 m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 20-95 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 2-15 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 65-140 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1-10 times; the heat setting temperature is 90-150 ℃.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the polylactic acid fluorescent solar concentrating optical fiber as described above and polylactic acid fluorescent solar concentrating optical fiber applications with high power diameter, mainly for use in fluorescent solar concentrators.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process and low cost, adopts a melt spinning method, has little pollution to the environment, and belongs to the field of clean production.
(2) The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber provided by the invention adopts renewable and biodegradable polylactic acid as a polymer matrix, and solves the problems of resource shortage, environmental pollution and the like of the existing petroleum-based solar energy concentrating optical fiber.
(3) The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fiber provided by the invention utilizes polylactic acid with a higher refractive index (1.45) as a polymer matrix, so that the fiber has a good light collection effect and also has good mechanical properties and heat resistance.
(4) The water bath rapid cooling and low-temperature drawing process provided by the invention can reduce the crystal size of the polylactic acid, so that the polylactic acid realizes the unification of high crystallinity and high transparency, and the condensation effect and the mechanical property of the fluorescent solar light collection are favorably improved. The mechanical property of the fluorescent solar energy concentrating material is far higher than that of other fluorescent solar energy concentrating materials taking amorphous polymers (such as polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate) as base materials.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
The raw materials used in the examples were all purchased commercially unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting composite filament comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.0X 10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent dye Lumogen F Yellow 083 (LY 083) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven clock for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of the polylactic acid to the LY083 of 98.8:1.2, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp;
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting nascent fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 195 ℃, the spinning speed is 3000m/min, and then, drafting and heat setting are carried out on the nascent fiber to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting multifilament, wherein the drafting temperature is 80 ℃, the drafting multiple is 4, and the heat setting temperature is 120 ℃.
Example 2
The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting composite filament comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5X10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen Red 305 (LR 305) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 98.5:1.5, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 10min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp;
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting nascent fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 195 ℃, the spinning speed is 3000m/min, and then, drafting and heat setting are carried out on the nascent fiber to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting multifilament, wherein the drafting temperature is 75 ℃, the drafting multiple is 3.5, and the heat setting temperature is 125 ℃.
Example 3
The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting composite filament comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2.5mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5X10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen F Violet 570 (LV 570) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven clock for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 98.8:1.2, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 8min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp;
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting nascent fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the spinning speed is 3000m/min, and then, drafting and heat setting are carried out on the nascent fiber to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting multifilament, wherein the drafting temperature is 85 ℃, the drafting multiple is 3.8, and the heat setting temperature is 130 ℃.
Example 4
The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting composite filament comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2.5mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5X10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen Red 305 (LR 305) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 99:1, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 8min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp;
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment to perform the working procedures of melt spinning, on-line drafting, heat setting and the like, and preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting multifilament by a one-step method, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the drafting temperature is 85 ℃, the drafting multiple is 3.0, the heat setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the final winding speed is 4500m/min.
Example 5
The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting composite filament comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2.5mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5X10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen Red 305 (LR 305) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 99.5: weighing raw materials in a proportion of 0.5, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 190 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp;
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment to perform the working procedures of melt spinning, online drafting, heat setting and the like, and preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting multifilament by a one-step method, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the drafting temperature is 80 ℃, the drafting multiple is 3.0, the heat setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the final winding speed is 5000m/min.
Comparative example 1
(1) Firstly, the content of structural units of the D-lactic acid (D-LA) is 2mol percent, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5 multiplied by 10 5 Drying the polylactic acid in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours for later use;
(2) Adding a polylactic acid raw material into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning to prepare polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting nascent fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 195 ℃, the spinning speed is 3000m/min, and then, drafting and heat setting are carried out on the nascent fiber to prepare polylactic acid multifilament, the drafting temperature is 80 ℃, the drafting multiple is 4, and the heat setting temperature is 120 ℃.
Comparative example 2
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.0X 10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent dye Lumogen F Yellow 083 (LY 083) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven clock for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of the polylactic acid to the LY083 of 98.8:1.2, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp;
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning to prepare the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting nascent multifilament, wherein the spinning temperature is 195 ℃ and the spinning speed is 3000m/min.
Effect example 1
The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting multifilament obtained in the above examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was characterized and tested in terms of mechanical properties, optical properties and light-collecting properties, and the testing method was as follows:
test methods for breaking strength and breaking elongation: the mechanical properties of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber are tested according to the national standard GB/T14344-2008 chemical fiber filament tensile property test method.
The optical performance test method comprises the following steps: the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fibers are tightly arranged into a sheet shape, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer is adopted to test the absorbance of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fibers, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer is adopted to test the fluorescence intensity of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fibers.
The light collection performance test method comprises the following steps: combining the head ends of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collection optical fibers which are closely arranged and have the width of 4cm with a solar panel, and recording the head ends at 1000W/m 2 And under the irradiation intensity of the sun, the current value output by the solar cell.
The crystallinity test method comprises the following steps: weighing 4-6mg of sample, and placing the sample into an aluminum crucible to obtain the sample to be detected. The test is carried out by DSC Q200 under the conditions that the nitrogen flow rate is 50ml/min and the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the thermodynamic curve of the sample is output by a computer. And (4) calculating the crystallinity through a thermodynamic curve according to a formula and TA analysis software.
The specific detection results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 test results of mechanical properties, optics, crystallinity and light collection properties of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting composite filaments
From table 1 above, it can be seen that:
(1) Examples 1-5 compared to comparative example 1, the pure PLA multifilament had no light harvesting effect, whereas the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light harvesting multifilament had significant light harvesting effect.
(2) In example 1, the breaking strength of the transparent polylactic acid multifilament subjected to heat drawing was 5.2 times that of the as-spun multifilament, which was improved from 0.57cN/dtex to 2.97cN/dtex, as compared with comparative example 2.
Example 6
The preparation method of the high-strength and large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.0X 10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent dye Lumogen F Yellow 083 (LY 083) are dried for 24 hours at 105 ℃ in a vacuum oven clock for standby;
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LY083 of 99.2: weighing the raw materials according to the proportion of 0.8, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain the polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 190 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp.
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing the high-strength and high-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling, one-time hot steam stretching, two-time hot air stretching, heat setting and oiling winding, wherein the spinning temperature is 195 ℃, the cooling water bath temperature is 40 ℃, and the one-roller winding speed is 10m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 80 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 3 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 120 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1.2 times; the heat-setting temperature was 125 ℃.
Example 7
The preparation method of the high-strength and large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2.5mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5X10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen Red 305 (LR 305) were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours for further use.
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 99.2: weighing the raw materials according to the proportion of 0.8, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain the polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp.
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing the high-strength and strong-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling, one-time hot steam stretching, two-time hot air stretching, heat setting and oiling winding, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature of a cooling water bath is 25 ℃, and the winding speed of one roller is 10m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 85 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 4 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 120 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1.2 times; the heat-setting temperature was 125 ℃.
Example 8
The preparation method of the high-strength and large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) The viscosity average molecular weight is firstly 2.2X 10 4 L-polylactic acid and fluorescence ofThe luminescent dye Lumogen Red 305 (LR 305) was dried in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours for use.
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 99.6: weighing raw materials in a proportion of 0.4, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 190 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp.
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing the high-strength and strong-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling, one-time hot steam stretching, two-time hot air stretching, heat setting and oiling winding, wherein the spinning temperature is 195 ℃, the temperature of a cooling water bath is 25 ℃, and the winding speed of one roller is 10m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 80 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 4 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 120 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1.2 times; the heat-setting temperature was 125 ℃.
Example 9
The preparation method of the high-strength and large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.0X 10 4 Polylactic acid and a fluorescent luminescent dye Eu (OAC) 3 Dried in a vacuum oven at 105 ℃ for 48 hours for use.
(2) According to polylactic acid and Eu (OAC) 3 The weight ratio is 99.2: weighing the raw materials according to the proportion of 0.8, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain the polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp.
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing the high-strength and strong-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling, one-time hot steam stretching, two-time hot air stretching, heat setting and oiling winding, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature of a cooling water bath is 25 ℃, and the winding speed of one roller is 10m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 80 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 4 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 120 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1.2 times; the heat-setting temperature was 125 ℃.
Example 10
The preparation method of the high-strength large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament of the present embodiment is as follows:
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.0X 10 4 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen F Violet 570 (LV 570) were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours for further use.
(2) According to the weight ratio of the polylactic acid to the LV570 of 98.5:1.5, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 10min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain the polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp.
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours for later use, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing the high-strength and strong-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling, one-time hot steam stretching, two-time hot air stretching, heat setting and oiling winding, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature of a cooling water bath is 25 ℃, and the winding speed of a roller is 10m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 80 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 4 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 120 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1.2 times; the heat-setting temperature was 125 ℃.
Comparative example 3
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2.5mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.5x10 5 The polylactic acid and the fluorescent luminescent dye Lumogen Red 305 (LR 305) were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours for further use.
(2) According to the weight ratio of polylactic acid to LR305 of 99.2: weighing the raw materials according to the proportion of 0.8, putting the raw materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing for 5min, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain the polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices, wherein the granulation temperature is 185 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 400rmp.
(3) Drying the prepared polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours for later use, adding the slices into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing the large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling and oil applying winding processes, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃ and the cooling water bath temperature is 25 ℃.
Comparative example 4
(1) Firstly, the content of D-lactic acid (D-LA) structural unit is 2mol%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 2.0X 10 4 The polylactic acid was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 48 hours for use.
(2) Adding polylactic acid into a hopper of melt spinning equipment for melt spinning, and preparing high-strength and high-diameter polylactic acid monofilaments through melt extrusion, water bath cooling, primary hot steam stretching, secondary hot air stretching, heat setting and oiling winding, wherein the spinning temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature of a cooling water bath is 25 ℃, and the winding speed of a roller is 10m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 80 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 4 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 120 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1.2 times; the heat-setting temperature was 125 ℃.
Effect example 2
The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light-collecting monofilaments obtained in the above examples 6 to 10 and comparative examples 3 to 4 were subjected to characterization and test of diameter, mechanical properties, optical properties and light-collecting properties, and the test method was as follows:
test methods for breaking strength and breaking elongation: the tensile mechanical property of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament is tested according to the national standard GB/T14344-2008 chemical fiber filament tensile property test method.
Fiber average diameter measurement method: for samples prepared with the same experimental parameters, 5 monofilaments were randomly selected and photographed under an optical fiber scope. For each optical microscope image, imageJ software was used to randomly select 3 positions of the monofilament for diameter measurement, and the average was the average diameter of the monofilament at that parameter.
The optical performance test method comprises the following steps: the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments are tightly arranged into sheets, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer is adopted to test the absorbance of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer is adopted to test the fluorescence intensity of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments.
The light collection performance test method comprises the following steps: combining the head ends of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilaments which are closely arranged and have the width of 4cm with a solar panel, and recording the head ends at 1000W/m 2 And under the irradiation intensity of the sun, the current value output by the solar cell.
The crystallinity test method comprises the following steps: weighing 4-6mg of sample, and placing the sample into an aluminum crucible to obtain the sample to be detected. The test is carried out by DSC Q200 under the conditions that the nitrogen flow rate is 50ml/min and the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the thermodynamic curve of the sample is output by a computer. And (4) calculating the crystallinity through a thermodynamic curve according to a formula and TA analysis software.
The specific detection results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison table of the test results of the diameter, mechanical property, optical property and light collecting property of each large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament
From table 2 above, it can be seen that:
(1) Compared with the control group 3, the breaking strength of the stretched large-diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar light-collecting monofilament is 6.66 times that of the undrawn monofilament, and is improved from 63.9MPa to 425.7MPa.
(2) Examples 6-10 compared to comparative example 4, the pure large diameter polylactic acid monofilaments did not have light harvesting effect, while the high large diameter polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy light harvesting monofilaments had significant light harvesting effect.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy collecting optical fiber is characterized in that the light collecting fiber is obtained by melting, blending and granulating the following raw materials in parts by weight and then carrying out melt spinning, wherein the raw materials comprise 95-100 parts of polylactic acid and 0.01-5 parts of fluorescent substance.
2. The polylactic acid fluorescent solar concentrating fiber according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity average molecular weight of polylactic acid is 1.0 x10 4 ～2.0×10 6 (ii) a The fluorescent material is fluorescent dye, transition metal ion compound fluorescent material, rare earth fluorescent material or quantum dot fluorescent material.
3. The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying polylactic acid and fluorescent substances in a vacuum oven;
s2, adding the dried polylactic acid and the fluorescent substance into a high-speed mixer for premixing, and then carrying out melt blending granulation in a double-screw blender to obtain polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices;
and S3, carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the obtained polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices at 65-120 ℃ for 8-48h, drawing after melt spinning, and carrying out heat setting to obtain the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber.
4. The method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the drying conditions in S1 are as follows: the temperature is 50-105 ℃, and the time is 8-48h.
5. The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating fiber according to claim 3, wherein the premixing time in S2 is 3-15 min.
6. The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the melting, blending and granulating conditions in S2 are as follows: 130-250 deg.c and rotation speed of 50-500 rmp.
7. The method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the melt spinning temperature in S3 is 150-250 ℃ and the speed is 500-5000 m/min.
8. The method for preparing the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the drafting temperature in S3 is 65-120 ℃, and the drafting multiple is 1.5-10.0; the heat setting temperature is 90-135 ℃.
9. The preparation method of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein S3 is also characterized in that the obtained polylactic acid/fluorescent substance slices are subjected to vacuum drying treatment for 8-48h at 65-120 ℃, and water bath cooling, first hot steam stretching, second hot air stretching and heat setting are sequentially carried out after melt spinning to obtain the polylactic acid fluorescent solar energy concentrating optical fiber, wherein the melt spinning temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the water bath cooling temperature is 0-75 ℃; the winding speed of one roller is 1-50 m/min; the temperature of the first hot steam stretching is 20-95 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 2-15 times; the temperature of the second hot air stretching is 65-140 ℃, and the stretching multiple is 1-10 times; the heat setting temperature is 90-150 ℃.
10. Use of the polylactic acid fluorescent solar concentrating fiber according to claim 1 in a fluorescent solar concentrator.
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