CN115821083A - Aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115821083A
CN115821083A CN202211384540.5A CN202211384540A CN115821083A CN 115821083 A CN115821083 A CN 115821083A CN 202211384540 A CN202211384540 A CN 202211384540A CN 115821083 A CN115821083 A CN 115821083A
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Prior art keywords
aluminum
potassium
niobium
reaction
fluoroniobate
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Inventor
徐佐
路洪洲
于小川
郭爱民
张振栋
王文军
王巍
李�杰
吴银军
刘飞
师彦春
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China Citic Group Co ltd
Jinzhou Vanadium Industry Co ltd
CITIC Dicastal Co Ltd
CITIC Metal Co Ltd
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China Citic Group Co ltd
Jinzhou Vanadium Industry Co ltd
CITIC Dicastal Co Ltd
CITIC Metal Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211384540.5A priority Critical patent/CN115821083A/en
Publication of CN115821083A publication Critical patent/CN115821083A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/125663 priority patent/WO2024099050A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/24Obtaining niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, which comprises the following steps: proportioning potassium fluoroniobate and aluminum serving as reactants according to an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy containing 5.0-30.0 wt% of niobium and the balance of aluminum, placing the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum in a reaction furnace, mixing the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum for heating reaction, floating fluoroaluminate generated after the reaction on the surface of a reaction product in the reaction furnace, pouring the fluoroaluminate out, and casting the reaction product to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy. The preparation method can prepare the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy with lower niobium content.

Description

Aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, and particularly relates to an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy has the characteristics of high melting point, low density, good high-temperature strength and creep resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, sulfidization resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is more applied to some special fields such as aviation, aerospace and the like.
The current aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is mainly AlNb60, alNb65 and the like, and is usually prepared by adopting metal niobium and metal aluminum or by aluminothermic reduction reaction. When the metal niobium and the metal aluminum are adopted for preparation, the metal niobium and the metal aluminum which are refractory are subjected to hot melting and mixing in a vacuum induction melting furnace, and then are cooled to obtain the niobium-aluminum alloy material, and the process has the following defects: the high-purity metal niobium is expensive, the reaction temperature is high, and the control difficulty is large. When the aluminothermic reduction reaction is adopted, namely the aluminothermic preparation of the niobium pentoxide powder and the pure aluminum powder has the following disadvantages: the requirement on the uniformity and the proportion of mixed materials is high, and the aluminum powder needs to be secondarily processed from an industrial pure aluminum ingot or is manufactured by spraying aluminum liquid, so that the process cost is high; niobium pentoxide powder can be lost along with flue gas, so that niobium pentoxide loss is caused; the thermit reaction mainly depends on reaction self-generation, the reaction temperature is not easy to be completely controlled, the partial reaction is unbalanced, and the component difference of the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is large; the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy prepared by the aluminothermic reaction is an ingot, is difficult to be directly added into the alloy, needs secondary crushing and ball milling, and has high process cost. And if the content of niobium pentoxide is less in the aluminothermic reaction, the heat release is insufficient, so that a large amount of niobium pentoxide is needed, and the niobium content of the prepared aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is high.
In addition, the reaction temperature of the existing process is required to be 1000 ℃ or above, the reaction temperature is high, the reaction time is long, and the efficiency is low.
Therefore, how to provide a preparation method of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy capable of obtaining a lower niobium content while reducing the cost becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
a preparation method of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy comprises the following steps:
proportioning reactant potassium fluoroniobate and aluminum according to an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy containing 5.0-30.0wt.% of niobium and the balance of aluminum, placing the reactant potassium fluoroniobate and the reactant aluminum in a reaction furnace, mixing and heating the reactant potassium fluoroniobate and the reactant aluminum to react, floating fluoroaluminate generated after the reaction on the surface of a reaction product in the reaction furnace, pouring the fluoroaluminate out, and casting the reaction product to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy.
Preferably, the temperature for heating reaction of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 750-900 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature for heating reaction of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 850-900 ℃.
Preferably, the potassium fluoroniobate is a crystal powder, and is at least one of potassium monofluoroniobate, potassium difluoroniobate, potassium trifluoroniobate, potassium tetrafluoroniobate, potassium pentafluoroniobate, potassium hexafluoroniobate, and potassium heptafluoroniobate.
Preferably, the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10 to 60 minutes.
Preferably, the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10 to 45 minutes.
Preferably, the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10 to 20 minutes.
Preferably, after the aluminum is melted to the reaction temperature, potassium fluoroniobate is charged to the aluminum at once.
Preferably, after the aluminum has been melted to the reaction temperature, potassium fluoroniobate is introduced into the aluminum in a plurality of separate charges, each of which is an equal charge or an unequal charge.
The preparation method of the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
the reaction of potassium fluoroniobate with aluminum proceeds as follows:
potassium fluoroniobate + aluminum → aluminum niobate + fluoroaluminate
The preparation method can prepare the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy with lower niobium content, wherein potassium fluoroniobate is used as a niobium source, and compared with pure metal niobium, the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is low in price and high in economical efficiency. The reaction temperature of the preparation method is low, the full reaction can be carried out, and the burning loss of the aluminum liquid is small due to the low reaction temperature. The reaction time of the preparation method can be greatly shortened, and the efficiency is high. The preparation method solves the problems of yield and sedimentation in the preparation process, has high component ratio hit rate, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The invention also provides an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy which is prepared by the preparation method. The content of the prepared aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is low.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, which comprises the following steps:
proportioning reactant potassium fluoroniobate and aluminum according to an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy containing 5.0-30.0wt.% of niobium and the balance of aluminum, placing the reactant potassium fluoroniobate and the reactant aluminum in a reaction furnace, mixing and heating the reactant potassium fluoroniobate and the reactant aluminum to react, floating fluoroaluminate generated after the reaction on the surface of a reaction product in the reaction furnace, pouring the fluoroaluminate out, and casting the reaction product to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy.
The preparation method can prepare the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy with lower niobium content, wherein potassium fluoroniobate is used as a niobium source, and compared with pure metal niobium, the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is low in price and high in economical efficiency. The reaction temperature of the preparation method is low, the full reaction can be carried out, and the burning loss of the aluminum liquid is small due to the low reaction temperature. The preparation method has the advantages of greatly shortened reaction time and high efficiency. The preparation method solves the problems of yield and sedimentation in the preparation process, has high component ratio hit rate, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Wherein the heating reaction temperature of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 750-900 ℃. At the temperature, the reaction can be fully carried out to generate the required aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy.
Further, the heating reaction temperature of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 850-900 ℃.
In a specific embodiment, the potassium fluoroniobate is a crystal powder, and is at least one of potassium monofluoroniobate, potassium difluoroniobate, potassium trifluoroniobate, potassium tetrafluoroniobate, potassium pentafluoroniobate, potassium hexafluoroniobate, and potassium heptafluoroniobate.
By adopting the preparation method, the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10-60 minutes. The reaction time is short, the efficiency is high,
further, the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10-45 minutes.
Further, the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10-20 minutes.
In one embodiment, potassium fluoroniobate is dosed into the aluminum once after the aluminum has melted to the reaction temperature.
Or after the aluminum is melted to reach the reaction temperature, adding potassium fluoroniobate into the aluminum in multiple times, wherein the multiple times are equal feeding or unequal feeding.
The examples described below all use potassium heptafluoroniobate as a starting material, which reacts with aluminum according to the following formula:
6K 2 NbF 7 +28Al=6Al 3 Nb+K 3 AlF 6 +9KALF 4
the first embodiment is as follows:
heating 700kg of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 850 ℃, adding 330kg of potassium heptafluoroniobate in three times, adding 110kg of potassium heptafluoroniobate for the first time, adding an aluminum ingot, cooling, blowing argon, stirring, and reacting for 20 minutes. Adding 110kg of potassium heptafluoroniobate for the second time, adding an aluminum ingot, cooling, blowing argon, stirring, and reacting for 15 minutes. Adding 110kg of potassium heptafluoroniobate for the third time, adding an aluminum ingot for cooling, blowing argon gas for stirring, after reacting for 10 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, then adding a deslagging agent, deslagging, stirring and deslagging. Casting was carried out by continuous casting and extrusion of an Al-Nb master alloy with a diameter of 9.5mm, and three samples were taken at different positions in the head for analysis of the composition (samples 1-3). The following niobium content was obtained:
sample 1 niobium content 9.90%
Sample 2 niobium content 9.94%
Sample 3 had a niobium content of 10.05%.
Example two:
heating 700kg of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 750 ℃, adding 170kg of potassium heptafluoroniobate, adding an aluminum ingot for cooling, blowing argon for stirring, after reacting for 10 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, then adding a deslagging agent, deslagging and stirring, and deslagging. Casting is carried out to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, and a sample (sample 4) is taken for analyzing the components. The following niobium contents were obtained:
sample 4 niobium content 5%
Example three:
heating 700KG of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 900 ℃, adding 660KG potassium heptafluoroniobate, equally adding for four times, adding an aluminum ingot for cooling, blowing argon for stirring, after reacting for 60 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, then adding a deslagging agent, deslagging and stirring, and deslagging. Casting is carried out to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, and a sample (sample 5) is taken for analyzing the components. The following niobium contents were obtained:
sample 5 niobium content 19.98%
Example four:
heating 700KG of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 860 ℃, adding 990KG of potassium heptafluoroniobate, equally adding the potassium heptafluoroniobate in five times, adding an aluminum ingot for cooling, blowing argon for stirring, after reacting for 20 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, then adding a deslagging agent, deslagging and stirring, and deslagging. Casting is carried out to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, and a sample (sample 6) is taken for analyzing the components. The following niobium contents were obtained:
sample 6 had a niobium content of 30%
Example five:
heating 700kg of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 750 ℃, adding 172kg of potassium heptafluoroniobate, adding an aluminum ingot for cooling, blowing argon for stirring, after reacting for 18 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, then adding a deslagging agent, deslagging and stirring, and deslagging. Casting was carried out to obtain an Al-Nb master alloy, and a sample (sample 7) was taken for analysis of the components. The following niobium contents were obtained:
sample 7 niobium content 5.3%
Example six:
heating 700KG of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 860 ℃, adding 655KG potassium heptafluoroniobate, equally adding the potassium heptafluoroniobate for five times, adding an aluminum ingot, cooling, blowing argon, stirring, reacting for 24 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, adding a deslagging agent, deslagging, stirring, and deslagging. Casting is carried out to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, and a sample (sample 8) is taken for analyzing the components. The following niobium contents were obtained:
sample 8 niobium content 19.8%
Example seven:
heating 700KG of industrial pure aluminum by using a 1.5-ton intermediate frequency furnace, heating to 860 ℃, adding 500KG potassium heptafluoroniobate, equally adding the potassium heptafluoroniobate for five times, adding an aluminum ingot, cooling, blowing argon, stirring, reacting for 15 minutes, inclining the intermediate frequency furnace, pouring acid water, adding a deslagging agent, deslagging, stirring, and deslagging. Casting is carried out to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, and a sample (sample 9) is taken for analyzing the components. The following niobium contents were obtained:
sample 9 niobium content 16.2%
In these examples, the commercial purity aluminum was added in excess to allow sufficient reaction of the potassium heptafluoroniobate.
Examples 1-7 show that the provided preparation method can provide an aluminum niobium master alloy with a lower niobium content.
The selection of potassium fluoroniobate is not limited to potassium heptafluoroniobate, of course. The aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy with lower niobium content can be prepared by adopting any one of potassium monofluoroniobate, potassium difluoroniobate, potassium trifluoroniobate, potassium tetrafluoroniobate, potassium pentafluoroniobate and potassium hexafluoroniobate according to the preparation method provided by the invention.
Wherein the chemical formulas of potassium monofluoroniobate, potassium difluoroniobate, potassium trifluoroniobate, potassium tetrafluoroniobate, potassium pentafluoroniobate and potassium hexafluoroniobate are as follows:
potassium monofluoroniobate K 2 NbO 3 F
Difluoro potassium niobate KNbO 2 F 2
Potassium trifluoroniobate K 2 NbO 2 F 3
Potassium tetrafluoniobate KNbOF 4
Potassium pentafluoroniobate K 2 NbOF 5
Potassium hexafluoroniobate KNbF 6

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
proportioning reactant potassium fluoroniobate and aluminum according to an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy containing 5.0-30.0wt.% of niobium and the balance of aluminum, placing the reactant potassium fluoroniobate and the reactant aluminum in a reaction furnace, mixing and heating the reactant potassium fluoroniobate and the reactant aluminum to react, floating fluoroaluminate generated after the reaction on the surface of a reaction product in the reaction furnace, pouring the fluoroaluminate out, and casting the reaction product to obtain the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-niobium master alloy of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating reaction of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 750-900 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum-niobium master alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the temperature of the heating reaction of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 850-900 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the potassium fluoroniobate is a crystalline powder, and is at least one of potassium monofluoroniobate, potassium difluoroniobate, potassium trifluoroniobate, potassium tetrafluoroniobate, potassium pentafluoroniobate, potassium hexafluoroniobate, and potassium heptafluoroniobate.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum-niobium master alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10-60 minutes.
6. The method for preparing an aluminum-niobium master alloy according to claim 5, wherein the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10 to 45 minutes.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum-niobium master alloy of claim 6, wherein the reaction time of the potassium fluoroniobate and the aluminum is 10 to 20 minutes.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the potassium fluoroniobate is added to the aluminum at one time after the aluminum is melted to the reaction temperature.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the potassium fluoroniobate is added in a plurality of portions to the aluminum after the aluminum is melted to the reaction temperature, the plurality of portions being each equal or unequal addition.
10. An aluminum-niobium master alloy, characterized in that it is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202211384540.5A 2022-11-07 2022-11-07 Aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof Pending CN115821083A (en)

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PCT/CN2023/125663 WO2024099050A1 (en) 2022-11-07 2023-10-20 Aluminum-niobium master alloy and preparation method therefor

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024099050A1 (en) * 2022-11-07 2024-05-16 中信金属股份有限公司 Aluminum-niobium master alloy and preparation method therefor

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CA852140A (en) * 1970-09-22 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Binary aluminium-niobium alloy
US5015440A (en) * 1989-09-01 1991-05-14 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Refractory aluminides
JP2762886B2 (en) * 1993-01-21 1998-06-04 三井造船株式会社 Method for producing Nb-Al intermetallic compound
US7175823B2 (en) * 2002-02-27 2007-02-13 Stella Chemifa Kabushiki Kaisha Purification method for producing high purity niobium compound and/or tantalum compound
CN104674066A (en) * 2013-11-29 2015-06-03 大连融德特种材料有限公司 Niobium-aluminum alloy
CN105385866A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-03-09 赣州有色冶金研究所 Preparation method and system of niobium-aluminium alloy
CN109439935A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-03-08 济南大学 A kind of preparation method and applications of aluminium niobium boron Master alloy refiners
CN115821083A (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-03-21 中信金属股份有限公司 Aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024099050A1 (en) * 2022-11-07 2024-05-16 中信金属股份有限公司 Aluminum-niobium master alloy and preparation method therefor

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